EP0149470B1 - Gas-blast high tension circuit breaker - Google Patents
Gas-blast high tension circuit breaker Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0149470B1 EP0149470B1 EP85100183A EP85100183A EP0149470B1 EP 0149470 B1 EP0149470 B1 EP 0149470B1 EP 85100183 A EP85100183 A EP 85100183A EP 85100183 A EP85100183 A EP 85100183A EP 0149470 B1 EP0149470 B1 EP 0149470B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- volume
- gas
- arc
- circuit breaker
- tube
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001415961 Gaviidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910018503 SF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur hexafluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(F)(F)(F)F SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000909 sulfur hexafluoride Drugs 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
- H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
- H01H33/901—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
- H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
- H01H33/901—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc
- H01H2033/902—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc with the gases from hot space and compression volume following different paths to arc space or nozzle, i.e. the compressed gases do not pass through hot volume
Definitions
- FIG. 1 represents a partial half-section of the above-mentioned circuit breaker, in which the reference numbers have the following meanings:
- a cylindrical wall 35 coaxial with the tubes 31 and 34 makes it possible to define two volumes of amnular section, 37 and 38.
Landscapes
- Circuit Breakers (AREA)
- Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
- Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
- Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
Abstract
Description
L'invention est relative à un disjoncteur à haute tension à soufflage d'arc, du type à gaz sous pression, dont la chambre de coupure comporte un volume dans laquelle le gaz, chauffé par l'arc de coupure et dont la pression augmente de ce fait, est utilisé pour éteindre l'arc, grâce à sa détente au moment du passage par zéro de la valeur de l'intensité du courant à couper. Le gaz est par exemple de l'hexafluorure de soufre.The invention relates to a high-voltage circuit-breaker with arc blowing, of the pressurized gas type, the cutting chamber of which comprises a volume in which the gas, heated by the cutting arc and the pressure of which increases this fact is used to extinguish the arc, thanks to its relaxation at the time of the zero crossing of the value of the intensity of the current to be cut. The gas is for example sulfur hexafluoride.
Dans le document FR-A-2 519 470 la Demanderesse à décrit un disjoncteur du type précité, dans lequel le volume est anmulaire et délimité par la surface intérieure d'une base de soufflage et un déflecteur coaxial à la buse.In document FR-A-2 519 470 the Applicant has described a circuit breaker of the aforementioned type, in which the volume is anmular and delimited by the internal surface of a blowing base and a deflector coaxial with the nozzle.
La figure 1 représente une demi-coupe partielle du disjoncteur précité, dans laquelle les numéros de références ont les significations suivantes:FIG. 1 represents a partial half-section of the above-mentioned circuit breaker, in which the reference numbers have the following meanings:
1 contact principal fixe (1: en position ouverte, l'en position fermée)
- 2 contact d'arc fixe
- 3 contact principal mobile
- 4 buse de soufflage isolante
- 5 déflecteur coaxial
- 6 ouvertures entre le volume 9 et le
volume 13 - 7 doigts du contact principal mobile
- 8 portion tubulaire du contact mobile; 8A extrémité de cette portion tubulaire
- 9 volume à section annulaire pour effet thermique
- 9A volume annulaire adjacent au volume 9
- 10A passage amnulaire des gaz chauds de soufflage d'arc par effet thermique
- 10B passage annulaire de la buse de soufflage par compression
- 12 piston de soufflage fixe
- 13 volume de compression
- 14 conduit annulaire de soufflage.
- 2 fixed arcing contact
- 3 main mobile contact
- 4 insulating blowing nozzle
- 5 coaxial deflector
- 6 openings between volume 9 and
volume 13 - 7 fingers of the moving main contact
- 8 tubular portion of the movable contact; 8At the end of this tubular portion
- 9 annular section volume for thermal effect
- 9A annular volume adjacent to volume 9
- 10A amnular passage of hot arc blowing gases by thermal effect
- 10B annular passage of the compression blowing nozzle
- 12 fixed blow piston
- 13 compression volume
- 14 annular blowing duct.
On observe que, lors de l'ouverture du disjoncteur, l'arc qui prend naissance entre le contact d'arc fixe 2 et le contact 8A, est soumis aux jets de gaz provenant des volumes 9 et 13. Le volume 9 contient des gaz mis sous pression par chauffage par l'arc et, pour cette raison est appelé volume thermique; le volume 13 véhicule de l'air passé par le piston 12; pour cette raison nous l'appellerons volume de compression.It is observed that, when the circuit breaker opens, the arc which arises between the fixed arcing
On observe que l'arc n'est énergiquement soufflé que dans la zone voisine de celle de ses racines qui s'appuient sur le contact mobile 8A. Pour obtenir un soufflage efficace pour les forts courants a couper, il faut donc que le soufflage par le gaz du volume de compression 14 soit important; or, plus ce soufflage est important, plus l'énergie nécessaire à le créer est importante, car il faut vaincre les effets de contre-pression s'exerçant sur le piston 12.It is observed that the arc is energetically blown only in the area close to that of its roots which rest on the movable contact 8A. To obtain an effective blowing for the strong currents to be cut, it is therefore necessary that the blowing by the gas of the compression volume 14 is significant; however, the greater this blowing, the greater the energy required to create it, since it is necessary to overcome the effects of back pressure exerted on the
Un but de l'invention est d'améliorer l'effet de soufflage sans augmenter l'énergie de manoeuvre.An object of the invention is to improve the blowing effect without increasing the operating energy.
Il a été proposé d'améliorer le soufflage en disposant les volumes thermique et de compression de part et d'autre de la zone d'arc.It has been proposed to improve the blowing by arranging the thermal and compression volumes on either side of the arc zone.
Une telle disposition peut se voir dans les demandes de brevet allemand n° 1 127 442 et 29 48 976 ainsi que dans le brevet français 2 373 141.Such a provision can be seen in German patent applications Nos. 1,127,442 and 29 48,976 as well as in French patent 2,373,141.
Mais, dans les disjoncteurs décrits dans ces documents, les gaz en provenance des deux volumes sont réunis avant d'atteindre la zone d'arc, d'où il ne résulte qu'une faible amélioration de la qualité de soufflage.However, in the circuit breakers described in these documents, the gases from the two volumes are combined before reaching the arc zone, from which there results only a slight improvement in the quality of blowing.
Selon une particularité de la présente invention, les gaz en provenance des volumes thermique et de compression passent dans des buses qui dirigent des jets de soufflage distincts orientés respectivement sur chacune des racines de l'arc.According to a feature of the present invention, the gases from the thermal and compression volumes pass through nozzles which direct separate blowing jets oriented respectively on each of the roots of the arc.
L'invention a pour objet un disjoncteur à haute tension à soufflage d'arc du type a gaz souspression comportant un premier volume dans lequel la pression augmente par chauffage par l'arc de coupure, le gaz de ce volume se détendant pour souffler l'arc au moment du passage par zéro du courant à couper et un second volume dans lequel le gaz est comprimé par un piston au début de la phase d'ouverture du disjoncteur et dirigé sur l'arc dans les phases ultérieures, le disjoncteur comportant des contacts fixes principaux, des contacts fixes pare-étincelles des contacts mobiles principaux et des contacts mobiles pare-étincelles, l'arc s'étendant, au cours l'ouverture du disjoncteur, entre les contacts pare-étincelles, le premier volume et le second volume étant disposés de part et d'autre de la zone d'arc, caractérisé en ce que lesdits volumes sont annulaires et terminés par des buses dirigeant des jets de soufflage distincts orientés respectivement sur chacune des racines de l'arc, le premier volume étant délimité par un tube coaxial aux contacts fixes pare-étincelles et une buse isolante, le second volume étant délimité par un premier tube constituant le contact principal mobile et un second tube coaxial à ce dernier, un piston fixe fermant ce volume à une extrémité.The subject of the invention is a high-voltage circuit-breaker with arc blowing of the pressurized gas type comprising a first volume in which the pressure increases by heating by the cutting arc, the gas of this volume expanding to blow the arc at the time of the zero crossing of the current to be cut and a second volume in which the gas is compressed by a piston at the start of the circuit breaker opening phase and directed on the arc in the subsequent phases, the circuit breaker comprising contacts fixed main, fixed spark arrester contacts of the main movable contacts and movable spark arrester contacts, the arc extending, during the opening of the circuit breaker, between the spark arrester contacts, the first volume and the second volume being arranged on either side of the arc zone, characterized in that said volumes are annular and terminated by nozzles directing separate blowing jets oriented respectively on each of the roots of the arc, the first r volume being delimited by a coaxial tube with fixed spark arrester contacts and an insulating nozzle, the second volume being delimited by a first tube constituting the movable main contact and a second tube coaxial with the latter, a fixed piston closing this volume to a end.
L'invention est précisée par la description d'un mode de réalisation donné à titre d'exemple nullement limitatif, en référence au dessin annexé dans lequel:
- - la figure 1 est une vue partielle en demi-coupe axiale d'un disjoncteur selon l'art antérieur
- - les figures 2 à 6 représentent une vue en demi-coupe partielle d'un disjoncteur selon un mode préféré de réalisation de l'invention, dans diverses portions au cours de l'ouverture du disjoncteur.
- - Figure 1 is a partial view in axial half-section of a circuit breaker according to the prior art
- - Figures 2 to 6 show a partial half-section view of a circuit breaker according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, in various portions during the opening of the circuit breaker.
La figure 2 représente partiellement le disjoncteur en position fermée.Figure 2 partially shows the circuit breaker in the closed position.
On distingue l'enveloppe extérieure cylindrique en céramique 70. L'ensemble de coupure est coaxial à l'enveloppe; un volume annulaire 71 le sépare de l'enveloppe. L'ensemble de contacts fixes comprend des doigts de contacts principaux 21, fixés à un porte-contacts 22 reliés à un tube de contact 23; le porte-contacts 22 sert également de support aux doigts de contacts pare-étincelles 24 et se prolonge du côté de l'axe du disjoncteur par une partie cylindrique 22A terminée par une zone 22B en matériau résistant aux effets des arcs électriques.There is a cylindrical ceramic
Le porte-contact 22 sert également de support à un manchon cylindrique axial 25 terminé par une buse isolante 26.The
Le manchon 25 et la buse 26 définissent avec la partie cylindrique 22A un volume cylindrique 27 de section annulaire, qui comme on le verra plus loin, joue le rôle de volume thermique lors d'une ouverture du disjoncteur.The
L'ensemble mobile comprend:
- - un tube de
contact 31 coopérant avec les contacts principaux fixes 21 lorsque le disjoncteur est fermé; - - un
tube 34, coaxial autube 31, terminé par uncylindre 34A de contact pare-étincelles, dont la zone d'extrémité 34B est en matériau résistant aux effets de l'arc électrique, et coopérant avec les contacts pare-étincelle 24 lorsque le disjoncteur est fermé.
- - a
contact tube 31 cooperating with the mainfixed contacts 21 when the circuit breaker is closed; - a
tube 34, coaxial with thetube 31, terminated by a sparkarrester contact cylinder 34A, theend region 34B of which is made of a material resistant to the effects of the electric arc, and cooperating with thespark arrester contacts 24 when the circuit breaker is closed.
Les tubes 31 et 34 sont solidaires entre eux et solidaires d'une tige de manoeuvre non représentée.The
Une paroi cylindrique 35 coaxiale aux tubes 31 et 34 permet de définir deux volumes de section amnulaire, 37 et 38.A
Le volume 38 comporte un tube 41 portant à une extrémité une buse isolante 42 qui, lorsque le disjoncteur est en position fermée, vient s'appuyer sur la buse 26.The
L'autre extrémité du tube 41 porte un piston 43 coulissant de manière étanche dans le volume 38.The other end of the
Le piston est poussé par un ressort 44 s'appuyant sur un redan 45 du tube 35.The piston is pushed by a
Lorsque le disjoncteur est en position fermée, le ressort est bandé.When the circuit breaker is in the closed position, the spring is banded.
Une pluralité d'orifices, tel que 46 met en communication les deux parties du volume 38, de part et d'autre du tube 41. Les positions des orifices 40 et 46 sont choisis pour que les orifices soient côte à côte lorsque le piston 43 est en fin de course.A plurality of orifices, such as 46 connects the two parts of the
Le fonctiomnement du disjoncteur est le suivant:
- - lorsque le disjoncteur est en position fermée, le courant passe
par le tube 23, lescontacts 21 et letube 31.
- - when the circuit breaker is in the closed position, current flows through the
tube 23, thecontacts 21 and thetube 31.
A l'ouverture du disjoncteur, figure 3, par déplacement de l'ensemble mobile, le courant est commuté sur les contacts pare-étincelles 24, 34A.At the opening of the circuit breaker, Figure 3, by moving the movable assembly, the current is switched to the
La buse 42 reste appliquée sur la buse 26 grâce à l'action du ressort 44.The
Le gaz du volume 37 commence à se comprimer sous l'action du piston fixe 39, les volumes 27 et 38 étant fermés par l'application des contacts 34A sur la buse 42.The gas in
L'équipage mobile poursuivant sa course, figure 4, les contacts pare-étincelles se séparent et un arc A jaillit entre eux.The moving equipment continuing its course, FIG. 4, the spark arrester contacts separate and an arc A springs between them.
La figure 4 montre la phase de la coupure dans laquelle le piston 43 arrive en fin de course, mais où la buse 42 est encore appliquée sur la buse 26.FIG. 4 shows the phase of the cut-off in which the
La position relative de la buse 42 et du tube pare-étincelles 34A est devenue figée et définit un orifice annulaire 50 par lequel une des racines de l'arc commence à être soufflée par le gaz comprimé par le piston 39.The relative position of the
D'autre part, le gaz de la chambre 27, comprimé sous l'effet de l'arc, se détend dès le premier passage par zéro du courant, qui produit une diminution de l'intensité d'arc. L'extrémité cylindrique 22B et la buse 26 définissent un passage annulaire 60, dont le plan est perpendiculaire à l'axe du disjoncteur et à l'orifice annulaire (50).On the other hand, the gas in
On obtient ainsi un double soufflage de l'arc, dont les directions s'appliquent aux deux extrémités ou racines de l'arc, comme le montrent les flèches F1 et F2 de la figure 4. L'arc est soufflé énergiquement et l'effet de contre-pression sur le piston est limité, de telle sorte que l'énergie nécessaire à l'ouverture est faible.A double blowing of the arc is thus obtained, the directions of which apply to the two ends or roots of the arc, as shown by the arrows F1 and F2 in FIG. 4. The arc is blown vigorously and the effect back pressure on the piston is limited, so that the energy required for opening is low.
L'équipage mobile poursuivant sa course, figure 5, les buses 26 et 42 se séparent, ce qui dégagent une large ouverture pour les gaz qui peuvent ainsi s'échapper vers l'espace 71, ainsi que vers les espaces 17 et 18 concentriques aux contacts 22A et 34 et en communication permanente avec l'espace 71.The moving part continuing its race, FIG. 5, the
La figure 6 montre le disjoncteur à la fin de la période de coupure.Figure 6 shows the circuit breaker at the end of the cut-off period.
La large ouverture dans l'espace 71 permet un rapide refroidissement des gaz.The wide opening in
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT85100183T ATE31995T1 (en) | 1984-01-13 | 1985-01-10 | HIGH VOLTAGE BREAKER WITH ARC BLOW. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8400474A FR2558299B1 (en) | 1984-01-13 | 1984-01-13 | HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH ARC BLOWING |
FR8400474 | 1984-01-13 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0149470A2 EP0149470A2 (en) | 1985-07-24 |
EP0149470A3 EP0149470A3 (en) | 1985-08-14 |
EP0149470B1 true EP0149470B1 (en) | 1988-01-13 |
Family
ID=9300085
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP85100183A Expired EP0149470B1 (en) | 1984-01-13 | 1985-01-10 | Gas-blast high tension circuit breaker |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4577074A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0149470B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE31995T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3561429D1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2558299B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2575323B1 (en) * | 1984-12-20 | 1987-01-16 | Alsthom Atlantique | COMPRESSED GAS CIRCUIT BREAKER |
FR2586136B1 (en) * | 1985-08-09 | 1989-02-17 | Alsthom | HIGH DENSITY SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE CIRCUIT BREAKER |
FR2647255B1 (en) * | 1989-05-17 | 1993-04-23 | Alsthom Gec | HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH BLOWING DIELECTRIC GAS |
FR2662540B1 (en) * | 1990-05-23 | 1992-07-31 | Alsthom Gec | MEDIUM VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER. |
FR2711013B1 (en) * | 1993-10-04 | 1995-11-10 | Gec Alsthom T & D Sa | High arc voltage circuit breaker. |
DE19517615A1 (en) * | 1995-05-13 | 1996-11-14 | Abb Research Ltd | Circuit breaker |
DE19533794A1 (en) * | 1995-09-13 | 1997-03-20 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Metal-enclosed, gas-insulated high-voltage switch |
DE10226044A1 (en) * | 2002-06-12 | 2003-12-24 | Alstom | Air blast switch |
FR2937179A1 (en) | 2008-10-09 | 2010-04-16 | Areva T & D Sa | BREAKER CHAMBER FOR HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH IMPROVED ARC BLOW |
DE102009009451A1 (en) * | 2009-02-13 | 2010-08-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Switchgear assembly with a switching path |
FR2949170B1 (en) * | 2009-08-14 | 2011-11-25 | Areva T & D Sas | BREAKER CHAMBER FOR A MEDIUM OR HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH REDUCED MANEUVER POWER |
CN106504940A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-03-15 | 中国西电电气股份有限公司 | A kind of double acting contact transmission device of breaker |
EP3355332B1 (en) * | 2017-01-27 | 2020-02-26 | General Electric Technology GmbH | Circuit breaker comprising a double wall surrounding its thermal chamber |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE447706A (en) * | 1942-07-30 | |||
DE1127442B (en) * | 1959-06-10 | 1962-04-12 | Siemens Ag | Electric fluid switch |
CH517371A (en) * | 1970-06-24 | 1971-12-31 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Electric compression switch |
FR2373141A1 (en) * | 1976-12-06 | 1978-06-30 | Cem Comp Electro Mec | HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL CUT-OFF DEVICE, IN PARTICULAR A SELF-BLOWING CIRCUIT BREAKER BY GAS |
EP0021951A1 (en) * | 1979-06-14 | 1981-01-07 | Merlin Gerin | Gas blast circuit breaker with aspiration |
CH645751A5 (en) * | 1979-07-10 | 1984-10-15 | Sprecher & Schuh Ag | EXHAUST GAS SWITCH. |
EP0035581B1 (en) * | 1980-03-10 | 1983-11-16 | Sprecher & Schuh AG | Gas-blast circuit breaker |
JPS57185146U (en) * | 1981-05-19 | 1982-11-24 | ||
EP0067460B2 (en) * | 1981-06-12 | 1990-03-21 | BBC Brown Boveri AG | High-voltage power circuit breaker |
FR2519470A1 (en) * | 1982-01-05 | 1983-07-08 | Alsthom Atlantique | COMPRESSED GAS CIRCUIT BREAKER |
FR2520928A1 (en) * | 1982-02-04 | 1983-08-05 | Alsthom Atlantique | PNEUMATIC SELF-BLOWING CIRCUIT BREAKER |
-
1984
- 1984-01-13 FR FR8400474A patent/FR2558299B1/en not_active Expired
-
1985
- 1985-01-10 AT AT85100183T patent/ATE31995T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-01-10 EP EP85100183A patent/EP0149470B1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-01-10 DE DE8585100183T patent/DE3561429D1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-01-14 US US06/691,042 patent/US4577074A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US4577074A (en) | 1986-03-18 |
EP0149470A2 (en) | 1985-07-24 |
EP0149470A3 (en) | 1985-08-14 |
FR2558299A1 (en) | 1985-07-19 |
FR2558299B1 (en) | 1987-03-20 |
DE3561429D1 (en) | 1988-02-18 |
ATE31995T1 (en) | 1988-01-15 |
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Legal Events
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
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