EP0148539B1 - Process for producing a ceramic fiber blanket - Google Patents

Process for producing a ceramic fiber blanket Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0148539B1
EP0148539B1 EP84300092A EP84300092A EP0148539B1 EP 0148539 B1 EP0148539 B1 EP 0148539B1 EP 84300092 A EP84300092 A EP 84300092A EP 84300092 A EP84300092 A EP 84300092A EP 0148539 B1 EP0148539 B1 EP 0148539B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
web
fibres
lubricant
ceramic
blanket
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84300092A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0148539A1 (en
Inventor
Hideki Yamanaka
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Isolite Babcock Refractories Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Isolite Babcock Refractories Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Isolite Babcock Refractories Co Ltd filed Critical Isolite Babcock Refractories Co Ltd
Priority to AT84300092T priority Critical patent/ATE31091T1/en
Priority to DE8484300092T priority patent/DE3467783D1/en
Priority to EP84300092A priority patent/EP0148539B1/en
Publication of EP0148539A1 publication Critical patent/EP0148539A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0148539B1 publication Critical patent/EP0148539B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4209—Inorganic fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/435—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/498—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres entanglement of layered webs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for producing a ceramic fibre blanket.
  • Japanese Patent specification No. 153/65 discloses a process for producing a ceramic fibre blanket comprising alumina and silica, in which a fine falling stream of molten kaolin or like material is converted into staple fibres by blowing, spinning or other suitable method, the filaments are blended with a lubricant, and a web of the blend is placed on a belt conveyor and pressed between wire screens as it is heated to evaporate the lubricant.
  • a web of fibres that has been simply compressed without blending the fibres with a lubricant, the individual fibres are not interlinked and disintegrate easily, so the web provides only a laminar structure of a very low strength that is difficult to handle. But if a web of fibres treated with a lubricant is compressed as it is heated to remove the lubricant, the fibres remain interlinked after the compression and provide a laminar structure that has strength high enough to withstand subsequent handling.
  • a meshed or roller conveyor is used to facilitate evaporation of the lubricant during compression, with the result that the mesh pattern is impressed on both surfaces of the blanket and the recessed part is so thin as to be transparent, while in case of the roller conveyor there provides an error in the dimension of the blanket, as the process is carried out in the heated condition.
  • short fibres capable of being uniformly dispersed in water are dispersed in water in the presence of a binder and a sheet of ceramic fibre is produced by the conventional paper-making method. This wet process however, needs much labour and has low fibre utility due to loss of fibre dust that accompanies the fibre cutting step.
  • One object of the present invention is to facilitate the manufacture of a ceramic fibre blanket having adequate strength.
  • a process for producing a ceramic fibre blanket comprising the steps of preparing a laminar pile of ceramic fibres superimposing a web of organic fibres on one or both sides of the pile, and punching the resulting assembly with barbed needles, characterised in that the laminar pile of ceramic fibre comprises 35 to 65% by weight of alumina, 35 to 65% by weight of silica, less than 10% by weight of another metal oxide and a lubricant, the lubricant being removed after punching by incineration without application of pressure.
  • Japanese Patent Publication No. 43946/77 describes a process for making a ceramic fibre blanket wherein a web of ceramic fibres treated with a lubricant is punched with barbed needles and then the lubricant is removed under pressure. This produces a product having a greater tensile strength than the blanket made by removing the lubricant under pressure without needle punching. But even this method does not provide a uniformly thin blanket since the meshed or roller conveyor such as referred to above is used to compress the web during elimination of the lubricant.
  • Japanese Patent application (OPI) No. 77665/75 (the symbol OPI here used means an unexamined published Japanese Patent application) and FR-A-2 248 937 both describe a method of punching barbed needles through a mat of inorganic nonwoven fibres that is free from a lubricant and on which a web of organic nonwoven fibres is superimposed.
  • the needled fibres from the web extend into the mat of nonwoven inorganic fibres to hold the mat and the web together and the mat of the inorganic fibres will return to its initial bulk density by itself after the organic fibres are eliminated (by being burned off prior to or during use).
  • the inorganic fibres do not become interlinked with each other.
  • Fats and oils are generally used as the lubricant. They are evaporated from the pile of ceramic fibre web by heating before the organic fibres are incinerated, and throughout the evaporation of the lubricant, the organic fibres retain their effect to clamp the ceramic fibres.
  • the web of organic fibres is generally made by a carding staple fibres usually of 1.5 to 5 deniers, and 30 to 100 mm long. It can have a density of 30 g/m 2 or more.
  • the carded web can be immediately used in the present invention, but for ease of handling, the web is preferably punched by barbed needles, and a web having a density of 30 g/m 2 can be used with satisfactory results.
  • a ceramic fibre blanket having a satisfactory tensile strength and a uniform thickness of 5 mm or less can be produced by punching the above characterised ceramic fibre web with 50 to 200 needles per square centimeter that could not be used in the conventional technique without rupturing the pile. Needless to say, the present invention can also be used to make thicker ceramic fibre blankets.
  • a composition of 48 wt% alumina, 52 wt% silica and a trace amount of impurities was melted in an electric furnace and converted into staple fibres by blowing.
  • the ceramic fibres were sprayed with a lubricant which was a 0.5 wt% aqueous emulsion of a 1:5 (by volume) of aliphatic acid amine acetate (Armac HT R ) and kerosene, and they were then piled on a belt conveyor to form a web of ceramic fibres.
  • the web had a density of about 530 g/m 2 (without the lubricant), an average fibre diameter of 2.8 pm and a maximum fibre length of about 250 mm.
  • Polyester fibres having a fineness of 3 deniers and a length of 76 mm were carded into a web which was punched with 80 needles per square centimeter to give a density of 50 g/m 2 .
  • the punched web was unrolled and superimposed on either the top surface or both surfaces of the ceramic fibre web, and the assembly was punched through both from above and from below with the number of needles varied as indicated in Table 1.
  • the punched assembly was heated in an oven at 500°C for 30 minutes in the absence of pressure to thereby remove the lubricant and polyester fibres successively.
  • Five ceramic fibre blankets (or sheets) were produced by the above procedure, and the bulk density, weight per unit area and tensile strength of each blanket are listed in Table 1.
  • a ceramic fibre blanket was prepared by the method described in Japanese Patent publication No. 43946/77, wherein a web of ceramic fibres containing a lubricant was punched without laying thereon a web of organic fibres and was then heated under pressure to remove the lubricant.
  • a maximum tensile strength was obtained when the punching density was about 20 needles per square centimeter, but a product having a bulk density of 0.13 and a thickness of 6 mm had a tensile strength of only 0.35 kg/cm 2 and a product having a bulk density of 0.16 and a thickness of 20.2 mm had a densile strength of 0.9 kg/cm 2 .
  • the present invention makes it possible to manufacture a ceramic fibre blanket having a greater tensile strength that has been unobtainable by conventional techniques, and what is more, a thin blanket that can only be produced by the conventional paper-making method can also be obtained.
  • the punching density should not exceed 200 needles per square centimeter when the finished product is to be thinner than about 4 mm, since otherwise the tensile strength of the product is less than that obtained using 150 needles/cm 2 and the ceramic fibres in the blanket begin to deteriorate.
  • the web of organic fibres to be laid up on the ceramic fibre pipe may be treated with a lubricant.
  • the blanket produced in accordance with the present invention is usually incinerated as in the Example to remove the organic fibres and used as a product containing only ceramic fibres. If necessary, only the lubricant may be removed to provide a blanket with a web of organic fibres which may be removed by incineration attendant to the blanket service.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

A process for producing a ceramic fiber blanket is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of preparing a laminar pile of ceramic fibers that comprise 35 to 65% by weight of alumina, 35 to 65% by weight of silica, less than 10% by weight of another metal oxide and a lubricant, superimposing a web of organic fibers on one or both sides of the pile, punching the resulting assembly with barbed needles, and removing the lubricant. The ceramic fiber blanket has a uniform thickness and a tensile strength high enough to withstand rough handling.

Description

  • The present invention relates to a process for producing a ceramic fibre blanket.
  • Japanese Patent specification No. 153/65 discloses a process for producing a ceramic fibre blanket comprising alumina and silica, in which a fine falling stream of molten kaolin or like material is converted into staple fibres by blowing, spinning or other suitable method, the filaments are blended with a lubricant, and a web of the blend is placed on a belt conveyor and pressed between wire screens as it is heated to evaporate the lubricant. In a web of fibres that has been simply compressed without blending the fibres with a lubricant, the individual fibres are not interlinked and disintegrate easily, so the web provides only a laminar structure of a very low strength that is difficult to handle. But if a web of fibres treated with a lubricant is compressed as it is heated to remove the lubricant, the fibres remain interlinked after the compression and provide a laminar structure that has strength high enough to withstand subsequent handling.
  • When a ceramic fibre blanket not more than about 5 mm thick is produced by this conventional method, a meshed or roller conveyor is used to facilitate evaporation of the lubricant during compression, with the result that the mesh pattern is impressed on both surfaces of the blanket and the recessed part is so thin as to be transparent, while in case of the roller conveyor there provides an error in the dimension of the blanket, as the process is carried out in the heated condition. To eliminate this problem and provide a uniformly thin blanket, short fibres capable of being uniformly dispersed in water are dispersed in water in the presence of a binder and a sheet of ceramic fibre is produced by the conventional paper-making method. This wet process however, needs much labour and has low fibre utility due to loss of fibre dust that accompanies the fibre cutting step.
  • One object of the present invention is to facilitate the manufacture of a ceramic fibre blanket having adequate strength.
  • In accordance with the present invention we propose a process for producing a ceramic fibre blanket comprising the steps of preparing a laminar pile of ceramic fibres superimposing a web of organic fibres on one or both sides of the pile, and punching the resulting assembly with barbed needles, characterised in that the laminar pile of ceramic fibre comprises 35 to 65% by weight of alumina, 35 to 65% by weight of silica, less than 10% by weight of another metal oxide and a lubricant, the lubricant being removed after punching by incineration without application of pressure.
  • Japanese Patent Publication No. 43946/77 describes a process for making a ceramic fibre blanket wherein a web of ceramic fibres treated with a lubricant is punched with barbed needles and then the lubricant is removed under pressure. This produces a product having a greater tensile strength than the blanket made by removing the lubricant under pressure without needle punching. But even this method does not provide a uniformly thin blanket since the meshed or roller conveyor such as referred to above is used to compress the web during elimination of the lubricant.
  • Furthermore, if more than 40 needles are punched through an area of one square centimeter in an attempt to provide a greater tensile strength, the web stretches in four directions and tends to rupture. A thin web is inherently weaker than a thick one and increasing the punching density to provide the thin pile with the same tensile strength as that of the thick one only results in a ruptured blanket.
  • Japanese Patent application (OPI) No. 77665/75 (the symbol OPI here used means an unexamined published Japanese Patent application) and FR-A-2 248 937 both describe a method of punching barbed needles through a mat of inorganic nonwoven fibres that is free from a lubricant and on which a web of organic nonwoven fibres is superimposed. The needled fibres from the web extend into the mat of nonwoven inorganic fibres to hold the mat and the web together and the mat of the inorganic fibres will return to its initial bulk density by itself after the organic fibres are eliminated (by being burned off prior to or during use). The inorganic fibres do not become interlinked with each other.
  • It has now been found that if a web of organic fibres is superimposed on one or both surface of a web of ceramic fibres containing a lubricant, more needles/unit area (than in the method of Japanese Patent publication No. 43946/77) can be used without rupturing the web. Further, we have found that if the lubricant is removed from the punched web without application of pressure and if the web of organic fibres is subsequently removed, a blanket or felt that retains the interlinking between the individual ceramic fibres provided by the needle punching is produced.
  • If only a web of ceramic fibres containing a lubricant is punched with more than 40 needles per square centimeter, the web ruptures, but in the process of the present invention, rupturing will not occur even if the punching density is greater than 40 needles/cm2. This is probably because the organic fibres drawn into the ceramic fibre web with the needles absorb the impact of the needles and prevent separation of the ceramic fibres.
  • If a lubricant is removed from the punched ceramic fibre web in the absence of pressure and if the web of organic fibres is then removed by incineration, the bulk density of the web will not return to the initial value before the punching and the resulting product retains the effect of the punching and has a great tensile strength. This is probably because the lubricant is removed from the ceramic fibre web that are sewn tightly with the organic fibres and pressure is not necessary to retain the punching effect given the ceramic fibres.
  • Fats and oils are generally used as the lubricant. They are evaporated from the pile of ceramic fibre web by heating before the organic fibres are incinerated, and throughout the evaporation of the lubricant, the organic fibres retain their effect to clamp the ceramic fibres.
  • The web of organic fibres is generally made by a carding staple fibres usually of 1.5 to 5 deniers, and 30 to 100 mm long. It can have a density of 30 g/m2 or more. The carded web can be immediately used in the present invention, but for ease of handling, the web is preferably punched by barbed needles, and a web having a density of 30 g/m2 can be used with satisfactory results. A ceramic fibre blanket having a satisfactory tensile strength and a uniform thickness of 5 mm or less can be produced by punching the above characterised ceramic fibre web with 50 to 200 needles per square centimeter that could not be used in the conventional technique without rupturing the pile. Needless to say, the present invention can also be used to make thicker ceramic fibre blankets.
  • Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the following examples.
    • Example
  • A composition of 48 wt% alumina, 52 wt% silica and a trace amount of impurities was melted in an electric furnace and converted into staple fibres by blowing. The ceramic fibres were sprayed with a lubricant which was a 0.5 wt% aqueous emulsion of a 1:5 (by volume) of aliphatic acid amine acetate (Armac HTR) and kerosene, and they were then piled on a belt conveyor to form a web of ceramic fibres. The web had a density of about 530 g/m2 (without the lubricant), an average fibre diameter of 2.8 pm and a maximum fibre length of about 250 mm.
  • Polyester fibres having a fineness of 3 deniers and a length of 76 mm were carded into a web which was punched with 80 needles per square centimeter to give a density of 50 g/m2. The punched web was unrolled and superimposed on either the top surface or both surfaces of the ceramic fibre web, and the assembly was punched through both from above and from below with the number of needles varied as indicated in Table 1. The punched assembly was heated in an oven at 500°C for 30 minutes in the absence of pressure to thereby remove the lubricant and polyester fibres successively. Five ceramic fibre blankets (or sheets) were produced by the above procedure, and the bulk density, weight per unit area and tensile strength of each blanket are listed in Table 1.
    Figure imgb0001
  • A ceramic fibre blanket was prepared by the method described in Japanese Patent publication No. 43946/77, wherein a web of ceramic fibres containing a lubricant was punched without laying thereon a web of organic fibres and was then heated under pressure to remove the lubricant. A maximum tensile strength was obtained when the punching density was about 20 needles per square centimeter, but a product having a bulk density of 0.13 and a thickness of 6 mm had a tensile strength of only 0.35 kg/cm2 and a product having a bulk density of 0.16 and a thickness of 20.2 mm had a densile strength of 0.9 kg/cm2.
  • When the web of ceramic fibres used in each sample was punched after treatment with the lubricant but without laying up an organic fibre web, the ceramic fibre web ruptured at a punching density of 40 needles/cm2.
  • The present invention makes it possible to manufacture a ceramic fibre blanket having a greater tensile strength that has been unobtainable by conventional techniques, and what is more, a thin blanket that can only be produced by the conventional paper-making method can also be obtained. As shown in the Example, the punching density should not exceed 200 needles per square centimeter when the finished product is to be thinner than about 4 mm, since otherwise the tensile strength of the product is less than that obtained using 150 needles/cm2 and the ceramic fibres in the blanket begin to deteriorate. If necessary, the web of organic fibres to be laid up on the ceramic fibre pipe may be treated with a lubricant.
  • The blanket produced in accordance with the present invention is usually incinerated as in the Example to remove the organic fibres and used as a product containing only ceramic fibres. If necessary, only the lubricant may be removed to provide a blanket with a web of organic fibres which may be removed by incineration attendant to the blanket service.

Claims (3)

1. A process for producing a ceramic fibre blanket comprising the steps of preparing a laminar pile of ceramic fibres superimposing a web of organic fibres on one or both sides of the pile, and punching the resulting assembly with barbed needles characterised in that the laminar pile of ceramic fibres comprises 35 to 65% by weight of alumina, 35 to 65% by weight of silica, less than 10% by weight of another metal oxide and a lubricant, the lubricant being removed after punching by incineration without application of pressure.
2. A process according to claim 1 wherein the organic fibres are also removed by incineration.
3. A process according to claim 1 wherein the assembly is punched with 50 to 200 barbed needles per square centimeter.
EP84300092A 1984-01-06 1984-01-06 Process for producing a ceramic fiber blanket Expired EP0148539B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84300092T ATE31091T1 (en) 1984-01-06 1984-01-06 PROCESS FOR MAKING A CERAMIC FIBER MAT.
DE8484300092T DE3467783D1 (en) 1984-01-06 1984-01-06 Process for producing a ceramic fiber blanket
EP84300092A EP0148539B1 (en) 1984-01-06 1984-01-06 Process for producing a ceramic fiber blanket

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP84300092A EP0148539B1 (en) 1984-01-06 1984-01-06 Process for producing a ceramic fiber blanket

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0148539A1 EP0148539A1 (en) 1985-07-17
EP0148539B1 true EP0148539B1 (en) 1987-11-25

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Family Applications (1)

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EP84300092A Expired EP0148539B1 (en) 1984-01-06 1984-01-06 Process for producing a ceramic fiber blanket

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0148539B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE31091T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3467783D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4752515A (en) * 1985-06-17 1988-06-21 Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Alumina fiber structure
US5388320A (en) 1987-01-27 1995-02-14 Aerospace Preforms Limited Production of shaped filamentary structures
GB8602003D0 (en) * 1986-01-28 1986-03-05 Lawton P G Carbonisable fibre assembly
US5882781A (en) * 1986-01-28 1999-03-16 Aerospace Preforms Limited Shaped fibrous fabric structure comprising multiple layers of fibrous material
GB8700805D0 (en) * 1987-01-15 1987-02-18 Dunlop Ltd Carbon fibre materials
US5705264A (en) * 1987-01-27 1998-01-06 Aerpspace Preforms Limited Production of shaped filamentary structures
FI83888C (en) * 1988-02-17 1991-09-10 Pargro Oy Ab Process and apparatus for producing a fiber product
WO1994016134A1 (en) * 1993-01-07 1994-07-21 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Flexible nonwoven mat

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1575765A (en) * 1968-05-02 1969-07-25
GB1488649A (en) * 1973-10-30 1977-10-12 Ici Ltd Needled fibrous structure

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ATE31091T1 (en) 1987-12-15
DE3467783D1 (en) 1988-01-07
EP0148539A1 (en) 1985-07-17

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