EP0148427A2 - Process for dissolving or removing protective layers or coverings applied to surfaces - Google Patents

Process for dissolving or removing protective layers or coverings applied to surfaces Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0148427A2
EP0148427A2 EP84114950A EP84114950A EP0148427A2 EP 0148427 A2 EP0148427 A2 EP 0148427A2 EP 84114950 A EP84114950 A EP 84114950A EP 84114950 A EP84114950 A EP 84114950A EP 0148427 A2 EP0148427 A2 EP 0148427A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coating
contaminated
protective layers
covering
coverings
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP84114950A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0148427A3 (en
Inventor
Walter Metzger
Rainer Schmidt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH
Original Assignee
Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH filed Critical Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH
Publication of EP0148427A2 publication Critical patent/EP0148427A2/en
Publication of EP0148427A3 publication Critical patent/EP0148427A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44D—PAINTING OR ARTISTIC DRAWING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PRESERVING PAINTINGS; SURFACE TREATMENT TO OBTAIN SPECIAL ARTISTIC SURFACE EFFECTS OR FINISHES
    • B44D3/00—Accessories or implements for use in connection with painting or artistic drawing, not otherwise provided for; Methods or devices for colour determination, selection, or synthesis, e.g. use of colour tables
    • B44D3/16—Implements or apparatus for removing dry paint from surfaces, e.g. by scraping, by burning
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/001—Decontamination of contaminated objects, apparatus, clothes, food; Preventing contamination thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for detaching or removing protective coatings or coverings applied to surfaces.
  • protective coatings or coverings are covered with protective coatings or coverings.
  • Damaging influences are to be understood here as influences which originate both from aggressive gases or liquids, for example from the ambient air or from aqueous chemicals, and from non-radioactive or radioactive, adherent contaminations.
  • the protective coatings may be subject to mechanical and chemical loads over time or during operation. Organic coatings in particular can age and become partially damaged as a result or become contaminated with adhering contaminations.
  • Such protective coatings which have become defective or contaminated with inactive substances or more or less strongly with radioactive substances, must then be removed or removed from their substrate as residue-free as possible. This also applies in particular to radioactive contaminated protective coatings before disassembly or before dismantling breakdown of decommissioned nuclear facilities.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a simple method with which defective and / or contaminated protective coatings or coverings on surfaces, for example of building structures, machines, systems, equipment, etc., can be easily and without residue removed from their surface or removed .
  • the process is said to be effective and, particularly in the removal of coatings contaminated with radioactive substances, to have the least possible impact on personnel and the environment.
  • the amount of waste generated should be as low as possible, i.e. practically no secondary waste should occur and the total effort should be economically justifiable.
  • the object is achieved in a surprisingly simple manner by the method according to the invention in that the coating to be removed or the covering, with its open side facing away from the surface to be protected, is subjected to a cold shock.
  • the coating or the covering is acted upon by a liquefied, inert gas or by an inert gas which is almost supercooled to the boiling temperature.
  • nitrogen is used as the inert gas.
  • the cold jet device that can be used for the method according to the invention can be, for example, a compact, mobile system, equipped with an insulated storage tank for the refrigerant, a flexible insulated hose line and a jet pipe with interchangeable jet heads, protective sleeves, etc. Controlled refrigerant supply. Due to the mobility of such a system and its compact design, it can also be used under spatially restricted conditions.
  • the detached, splinter-shaped coating parts can be filled easily and easily into waste barrels and then solidified for final storage.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

It is the object of the invention to provide a process with which damaged and/or contaminated protective layers or coverings on surfaces of, for example, building structures, machines, plant, apparatuses, etc. can be dissolved or removed from their background easily and without any residue. The process is intended to entail the lowest possible burden for staff and the environment, in particular in the removal of layers contaminated by radioactive substances. This is achieved when the layer to be dissolved or the covering is exposed to a cold shock on its open side, which is averted from the surface to be protected.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Ablösen bzw. Entfernen von auf Oberflächen aufgebrachten Schutzbeschichtungen.oder Belägen.The invention relates to a method for detaching or removing protective coatings or coverings applied to surfaces.

Zum Schutz gegen schädigende Einflüsse jedwelcher Art, werden Oberflächen, wie z.B. Gebäudeoberflächen, Betonfußböden, mit Betonplatten verlegte Gehwege, Oberflächen von Maschinen oder Apparaturen etc. mit Schutzbeschichtungen oder Belägen versenen. Unter schädigende Einflüsse sollen hier solche Einflüsse verstanden werden, die sowohl von aggressiven Gasen oder Flüssigkeiten, beispielsweise aus der Umgebungsluft oder von wäßrigen Chemikalien, als auch von nicht radioaktiven oder radioaktiven, festhaftenden Kontaminationen herrühren. Die Schutzbeschichtungen unterliegen im Laufe der Zeit bzw. während des Betriebes unter Umständen mechanischen und chemischen Belastungen. Insbesondere organische Beschichtungen können altern und werden hierdurch teilweise schadhaft oder werden mit festhaftenden Kontaminationen verschmutzt. Solche schadhaft gewordenen oder mit inaktiven Stoffen oder mehr oder weniger stark mit radioaktiven Substanzen kontaminierten Schutzbeschichtungen müssen dann möglichst rückstandslos von ihrem Untergrund abgelöst bzw. entfernt werden. Dies gilt insbesondere auch für radioaktiv kontaminierte Schutzbeschichtungen vor einer Demontage bzw. vor einem Abbruch stillgelegter kerntechnischer Anlagen.To protect against damaging influences of any kind, surfaces such as building surfaces, concrete floors, pavements laid with concrete slabs, surfaces of machines or equipment etc. are covered with protective coatings or coverings. Damaging influences are to be understood here as influences which originate both from aggressive gases or liquids, for example from the ambient air or from aqueous chemicals, and from non-radioactive or radioactive, adherent contaminations. The protective coatings may be subject to mechanical and chemical loads over time or during operation. Organic coatings in particular can age and become partially damaged as a result or become contaminated with adhering contaminations. Such protective coatings, which have become defective or contaminated with inactive substances or more or less strongly with radioactive substances, must then be removed or removed from their substrate as residue-free as possible. This also applies in particular to radioactive contaminated protective coatings before disassembly or before dismantling breakdown of decommissioned nuclear facilities.

Bisher kamen für die Entfernung der Schutzbeschichtungen von Oberflächen Verfahren zur Anwendung, wie z.B. Abbeizen, mechanische Strahlverfahren, Abschleifen oder Flammstrahlen. Hierbei wirkte sich aber besonders nachteilig aus -und dies gilt für mit radioaktiven Substanzen kontaminierte Schutzsysteme im besonderen Maße-, daß zusätzliche Maßnahmen erforderlich sind, weil

  • - das Arbeitspersonalvor schädigenden Einflüssen giftiger Stoffe, Gase, Aerosole und Radioaktivität (Strahlung, Inkorporation) geschützt werden muß,
  • - die Ausbreitung dieser Schadstoffe in die Umwelt auf ein Minimum reduziert werden muß,
  • - die Arbeitsplatzbedingungen vertretbar sein müssen,
  • - möglichst wenig Sekundärabfälle anfallen sollen,
  • - keine Verschleppung der Kontamination in den Strukturuntergrund (z.B. bei Beton) erfolgen darf.
So far, methods have been used to remove the protective coatings from surfaces, such as stripping, mechanical blasting, grinding or flame blasting. However, this had a particularly disadvantageous effect - and this applies in particular to protective systems contaminated with radioactive substances - that additional measures are required because
  • - the workforce must be protected against the harmful effects of toxic substances, gases, aerosols and radioactivity (radiation, incorporation),
  • - the spread of these pollutants into the environment must be reduced to a minimum,
  • - the workplace conditions must be acceptable,
  • - there should be as little secondary waste as possible,
  • - The contamination must not be carried over into the structural subsurface (e.g. with concrete).

Beispielsweise mußten bisher Anlagenteile zeitweilig stillgelegt werden.For example, parts of the plant previously had to be temporarily shut down.

Bei den bisher angewandten Techniken treten diese Nachteile in mehr oder weniger starkem Maße auf (d.h. sie sind nicht sämtlich vermeidbar bzw. weitestgehend zu eliminieren).These disadvantages occur to a greater or lesser extent with the techniques used hitherto (i.e. they cannot all be avoided or largely eliminated).

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein einfaches Verfahren zu schaffen, mit welchem schadhafte und/oder kontaminierte Schutzbeschichtungen oder Beläge auf Oberflächen, beispielsweise von Gebäudestrukturen, Maschinen, Anlagen, Apparaturen etc., leicht und rückstandslos von ihrem Untergrund abgelöst bzw. entfernt werden können. Das Verfahren soll wirksam sein und, insbesondere bei der Entfernung von mit radioaktiven Substanzen kontaminierten Beschichtungen, geringstmögliche Belastungen für Personal und Umwelt mit sich bringen. Der Anfall von Abfallmengen soll möglichst gering sein, d.h. es soll praktisch kein Sekundärabfall auftreten, und der Gesamtaufwand soll wirtschaftlich vertretbar sein.The invention has for its object to provide a simple method with which defective and / or contaminated protective coatings or coverings on surfaces, for example of building structures, machines, systems, equipment, etc., can be easily and without residue removed from their surface or removed . The process is said to be effective and, particularly in the removal of coatings contaminated with radioactive substances, to have the least possible impact on personnel and the environment. The amount of waste generated should be as low as possible, i.e. practically no secondary waste should occur and the total effort should be economically justifiable.

Die Aufgabe wird durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren in überraschend einfacher Weise dadurch gelöst, daß die abzulösende Beschichtung oder der Belag mit ihrer offenen, der zu schützenden Oberfläche abgewandten Seite einem Kältschock ausgesetzt wird. Vorteilhafterweise wird die Beschichtung oder der Belag mit einem verflüssigten, inerten Gas oder mit einem nahe an die Siedetemperatur unterkühlten inerten Gas beaufschlagt. Als inertes Gas wird beispielsweise Stickstoff verwendet.The object is achieved in a surprisingly simple manner by the method according to the invention in that the coating to be removed or the covering, with its open side facing away from the surface to be protected, is subjected to a cold shock. Advantageously, the coating or the covering is acted upon by a liquefied, inert gas or by an inert gas which is almost supercooled to the boiling temperature. For example, nitrogen is used as the inert gas.

Durch den spontanen Wärmeentzug kommt es innerhalb der Beschichtung zu einer starken Kontraktion und als Folge hiervon zu einer Schichtablösung vom Untergrund. Abhängig von den physikalischen Eigenschaften der Beschichtung erfolgt deren Abtrennung dann in mehr oder weniger großen, splitterförmigen Stücken, und zwar entweder infolge eines Adhäsionsbruches zwischen Beschichtung und Untergrund oder eines Adhäsionsbruchs im oberen Bereich des Untergrundes.Due to the spontaneous removal of heat, there is a strong contraction within the coating and, as a result, a layer detachment from the substrate. Depending on the physical properties of the coating, its separation then takes place in more or less large, splinter-shaped pieces, either as a result of an adhesive fracture between the coating and the substrate or an adhesive fracture in the upper region of the substrate.

Bei dem für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren verwendbaren Kältestrahlgerät kann es sich beispielsweise um eine kompakte, mobile Anlage handeln, ausgestaltet mit einem isolierten Speichertank für das Kältemittel, einer flexiblen isolierten Schlauchleitung und einem Strahlrohr mit auswechselbaren Strahlköpfen, Schutzmanschetten usw. Durch Kontroll- und Regeleinrichtungen wird die Kältemittelzufuhr gesteuert. Durch die Mobilität einer solchen Anlage und deren kompakte Bauart ist ein Einsatz auch unter räumlich beschränkten Bedingungen möglich.The cold jet device that can be used for the method according to the invention can be, for example, a compact, mobile system, equipped with an insulated storage tank for the refrigerant, a flexible insulated hose line and a jet pipe with interchangeable jet heads, protective sleeves, etc. Controlled refrigerant supply. Due to the mobility of such a system and its compact design, it can also be used under spatially restricted conditions.

Durch den Einsatz einer Kältestrahlanlage, und dies gilt in besonderem Maße für hochsensible Bereiche in nukleartechnischen Anlagen, können reparaturbedürftige und/oder kontaminierte Beschichtungen auf einfache, Personal, Arbeitsräume und Umwelt nicht belastende Weise von ihren Untergrundstrukturen abgelöst werden. Hierbei werden weder Lösungsmitteldämpfe,noch schädliche Gase, Aerosole oder Stäube erzeugt. Ferner fallen keinerlei Sekundärabfälle an, weder in fester oder in flüssiger Form.Through the use of a cold blasting system, and this applies in particular to highly sensitive areas in nuclear plants, repairs and / or contaminated coatings that are in need of repair can be detached from their underlying structures in a simple manner that does not burden personnel, workrooms and the environment. Neither solvent vapors, nor harmful gases, aerosols or dusts are generated. Furthermore, no fall no secondary waste, either in solid or liquid form.

Die abgelösten, splitterförmigen Beschichtungsteile sofort können einfach und ohne Umstände/in Abfallfässer gefüllt und anschließend endlagerreif verfestigt werden.The detached, splinter-shaped coating parts can be filled easily and easily into waste barrels and then solidified for final storage.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines Durchführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Die Erfindung ist jedoch nicht auf dieses Beispiel beschränkt.The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of an exemplary embodiment. However, the invention is not limited to this example.

Beispiel:

  • Ablösen einer Epoxidbeschichtung durch Einwirkung von flüssigem Stickstoff.
Example:
  • Detachment of an epoxy coating by exposure to liquid nitrogen.

Es wurden zwei beschichtete Betonplatten mit folgendem Beschichtungsaufbau behandelt:

  • zunächst wurden ca. 150 g/m2 eines grünen ,transparenten Einlaßgrundes mit der Firmenbezeichnung GEHOPON-EX auf die Betonplatten einwirken gelassen. Danach erfolgte eine Kratzspachtelung zur Verfüllung von Poren und Lunkern mit ca. 350 g/m2 einer Mischung von GEHOPON-E 70/Quarzsand, worauf die Abschlußschicht, ca. 1,5 mm dick, mit 2,7 kg/m2 GEHOPON-E 70 auf der Basis Epoxidharz, lösungsmittelfrei und selbstverlaufend, aufgebracht wurde. Eine solche Beschichtung eignet sich nach ihrer Erhärtung besonders gut für Oberflächen, die von radioaktiven Substanzen dekontaminiert werden müssen. Haftet jedoch die Kontamination zu fest, bzw. ist die Beschichtung schadhaft, muß sie abgelöst und ersetzt werden. Durch Beaufschlagung der beschichteten Betonplatten mit flüssigem Stickstoff oder durch Eindringenlassen in die Beschichtung und durch kurze Einwirkung entstanden infolge der Abkühlung zunächst Risse in der Beschichtung mit darauf anschliessender Ablösung, wobei der Bruch im Betonuntergrund erfolgte.
Two coated concrete slabs were treated with the following coating structure:
  • first about 150 g / m 2 of a green, transparent inlet base with the company name GEHOPON-EX were allowed to act on the concrete slabs. This was followed by scratch filling to fill pores and cavities with approx. 350 g / m 2 of a mixture of GEHOPON-E 70 / quartz sand, whereupon the final layer, approx. 1.5 mm thick, was 2.7 kg / m 2 GEHOPON- E 70 based on epoxy resin, solvent-free and self-leveling. Such a coating Once hardened, it is particularly suitable for surfaces that have to be decontaminated by radioactive substances. However, if the contamination adheres too firmly or if the coating is damaged, it must be removed and replaced. By acting on the coated concrete slabs with liquid nitrogen or by allowing them to penetrate the coating and by brief exposure, the coating initially caused cracks in the coating with subsequent detachment, the fracture occurring in the concrete substrate.

Claims (4)

1. Verfahren zum Ablösen bzw. Entfernen von auf Oberflächen aufgebrachten Schutzbeschichtungen oder Belägen, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die abzulösende Beschichtung oder der Belag mit ihrer offenen, der zu schützenden Oberfläche abgewandten Seite einem Kälteschock ausgesetzt wird.1. A method for detaching or removing protective coatings or coverings applied to surfaces, characterized in that
that the coating or covering to be removed is exposed to a cold shock with its open side facing away from the surface to be protected. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beschichtung oder der Belag mit einem verflüssigten, inerten Gas beaufschlagt wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the coating or the covering is acted upon by a liquefied, inert gas. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beschichtung oder der Belag mit einem hohe an die Siedetemperatur unterkühlten inerten Gas beaufschlagt wird.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the coating or the covering is acted upon by a high inert gas which is supercooled to the boiling temperature. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als inertes Gas Stickstoff verwendet wird.4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that nitrogen is used as the inert gas.
EP84114950A 1983-12-24 1984-12-07 Process for dissolving or removing protective layers or coverings applied to surfaces Withdrawn EP0148427A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19833347039 DE3347039A1 (en) 1983-12-24 1983-12-24 METHOD FOR DETACHING OR. REMOVE PROTECTIVE COATINGS OR COATINGS APPLIED TO SURFACES
DE3347039 1983-12-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0148427A2 true EP0148427A2 (en) 1985-07-17
EP0148427A3 EP0148427A3 (en) 1986-11-26

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EP84114950A Withdrawn EP0148427A3 (en) 1983-12-24 1984-12-07 Process for dissolving or removing protective layers or coverings applied to surfaces

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EP (1) EP0148427A3 (en)
DE (1) DE3347039A1 (en)
ES (1) ES8605399A1 (en)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2624644A1 (en) * 1987-12-10 1989-06-16 Tiesse Jean Claude Process and devices making use of it, for decontaminating and cleaning all surfaces comprising a transferable contamination of nuclear order, without creating other waste
EP0327880A2 (en) * 1988-02-06 1989-08-16 Degussa Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus and process for removing a wash coat from the channels of a freshly coated monolithic or honeycomb catalyst support, and its use
NL9001596A (en) * 1990-07-13 1992-02-03 Demaco B V Sepg. system for adhering materials esp. paint residues on tins - involves passing through bath of liquefied gas e.g. nitrous oxide, blowing generated gas on to material then refrigerating at low temp.
EP0492268A1 (en) * 1990-12-21 1992-07-01 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Method for removing paint from products
DE4230732C1 (en) * 1992-09-14 1993-09-09 Schott Glaswerke, 55122 Mainz, De
WO2022210519A1 (en) * 2021-03-29 2022-10-06 住友重機械工業株式会社 Fluid medium regeneration device, combustion system and combustion method of fluidized bed combustion furnace

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3911329A1 (en) * 1989-04-07 1990-10-11 Dornier Luftfahrt METHOD FOR UNPAINTING WORKPIECES, IN PARTICULAR FIBER COMPOSITE WORKPIECES
DE4028434A1 (en) * 1990-09-07 1992-03-12 Georg Michael Prof Dr In Daerr Polluted structure repair method - renders expansion-joint material hard and brittle by sudden freezing before removal
DE19521236C2 (en) * 1995-06-10 1999-08-05 Nukem Gmbh Process for decontaminating the boundaries of closed areas

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2403543A1 (en) * 1974-01-25 1975-08-07 Peiniger Ernst Gmbh Removing plastics coatings from a substrate - by applying abrupt thermal stress
US3934379A (en) * 1974-09-03 1976-01-27 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Removal of built up layers of organic coatings
FR2493189A1 (en) * 1980-10-31 1982-05-07 Messer Griesheim Gmbh METHOD FOR REMOVING LAYER LAYERS AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING SAME

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2403543A1 (en) * 1974-01-25 1975-08-07 Peiniger Ernst Gmbh Removing plastics coatings from a substrate - by applying abrupt thermal stress
US3934379A (en) * 1974-09-03 1976-01-27 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Removal of built up layers of organic coatings
FR2493189A1 (en) * 1980-10-31 1982-05-07 Messer Griesheim Gmbh METHOD FOR REMOVING LAYER LAYERS AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING SAME

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2624644A1 (en) * 1987-12-10 1989-06-16 Tiesse Jean Claude Process and devices making use of it, for decontaminating and cleaning all surfaces comprising a transferable contamination of nuclear order, without creating other waste
EP0327880A2 (en) * 1988-02-06 1989-08-16 Degussa Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus and process for removing a wash coat from the channels of a freshly coated monolithic or honeycomb catalyst support, and its use
EP0327880A3 (en) * 1988-02-06 1990-05-30 Degussa Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus and process for removing a wash coat from the channels of a freshly coated monolithic or honeycomb catalyst support, and its use
NL9001596A (en) * 1990-07-13 1992-02-03 Demaco B V Sepg. system for adhering materials esp. paint residues on tins - involves passing through bath of liquefied gas e.g. nitrous oxide, blowing generated gas on to material then refrigerating at low temp.
EP0492268A1 (en) * 1990-12-21 1992-07-01 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Method for removing paint from products
DE4230732C1 (en) * 1992-09-14 1993-09-09 Schott Glaswerke, 55122 Mainz, De
EP0587998A2 (en) * 1992-09-14 1994-03-23 Schott Glaswerke Method for forming a removable surface region on a substrate, especially on a glass ceramic
US5376197A (en) * 1992-09-14 1994-12-27 Schott Glaswerke Formation of a removable surface area on a substrate
EP0587998A3 (en) * 1992-09-14 1995-02-01 Schott Glaswerke Method for forming a removable surface region on a substrate, especially on a glass ceramic.
WO2022210519A1 (en) * 2021-03-29 2022-10-06 住友重機械工業株式会社 Fluid medium regeneration device, combustion system and combustion method of fluidized bed combustion furnace

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3347039A1 (en) 1985-07-11
EP0148427A3 (en) 1986-11-26
ES8605399A1 (en) 1986-03-16
ES538938A0 (en) 1986-03-16

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Inventor name: METZGER, WALTER

Inventor name: SCHMIDT, RAINER