EP0141981A1 - Method and apparatus for purifying water - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for purifying water Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0141981A1
EP0141981A1 EP84111364A EP84111364A EP0141981A1 EP 0141981 A1 EP0141981 A1 EP 0141981A1 EP 84111364 A EP84111364 A EP 84111364A EP 84111364 A EP84111364 A EP 84111364A EP 0141981 A1 EP0141981 A1 EP 0141981A1
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Prior art keywords
water
electrodes
cleaned
bed
housing
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EP84111364A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jorge Miller
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Hidrotronic Watercleaning Systems Ltd
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Hidrotronic Watercleaning Systems Ltd
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Publication of EP0141981A1 publication Critical patent/EP0141981A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/463—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrocoagulation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
    • C02F1/46114—Electrodes in particulate form or with conductive and/or non conductive particles between them
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/465—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electroflotation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for purifying water and a device for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method of the type mentioned which enables effective purification, in particular of fatty acid-containing waste water, with simple means.
  • 2- or 3-valent metal ions are deposited in a simple manner by means of electrolysis, which cause flocculation within the water to be cleaned. It is believed that these flakes result from the formation of colloidal oxide hydrates of the deposited metal ions. The flakes formed in turn bind further impurities present in the water to be cleaned and thus serve as a means of transport for their separation from the water to be cleaned.
  • the continuous production of ions for the formation of flakes is made possible by the automatic cleaning of the electrodes with the help of the solid particles of the moving bed. Depending on the type of bed, these are kept in motion by the water flowing through them. As a result, they move in a wide variety of directions and speeds against and along the surface of the electrodes. This results in the desired cleaning effect. A further cleaning effect is achieved in that the solid particles move back to the Move electrodes for cleaning.
  • Iron or aluminum are preferably used as the bivalent or trivalent metals for the electrodes.
  • several, i.e. at least three electrodes are provided, which are alternately polarized by applying a DC voltage. It is advantageous here to change the polarity of the individual electrodes periodically, for example every 10 minutes, so that not only are positively charged electrodes constantly being used, but also a uniform consumption of the electrodes and at the same time a certain cleaning of the electrodes takes place.
  • the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for cleaning water containing fatty acids.
  • the metal ions deposited by electrolysis combine with the fatty acids to form water-repellent metal soap flakes. These flakes in turn bind other contaminants, in particular organic colloidal particles, and carry them with them.
  • the intensity of the method can be controlled by the feature of claim 8, or energy can be saved in the case of slightly polluted water.
  • the invention also provides a device for carrying out the method according to the invention, characterized by the features of claim 12.
  • An energy-saving possibility of electrolysis specifies the feature of claim 16, since ion release can also be achieved without connecting the electrodes to a power source if the electrodes consist of appropriately coordinated different metals. In the case of highly corrosive water, the electrodes can even become a battery, i.e. supply voltage.
  • the moving bed surrounding the electrodes can, as stated in the features of claim 17, be of various types, in particular as regards the movement of the solid particles in the bed.
  • the type of bed depends to a large extent on the nature of the solid particles, for example granite, sand or plastic granules, and the number, size and arrangement of the electrodes.
  • Granite particles are particularly suitable as solid, non-conductive particles for the moving bed. Economic regulation of the electrolysis is made possible in a simple manner with electrodes connected to voltage by the feature of claim 21. This means that the effectiveness of cleaning can be increased if the water is very dirty, and energy is saved if the water is not very dirty.
  • the housing of the electrolysis chamber is always negatively charged when carrying out the method according to the invention, since corrosion would otherwise occur if the polarization were reversed.
  • Steel for example, is suitable as the metal for the electrolysis chamber housing.
  • Water 1 to be cleaned is introduced into an electrolysis chamber 4 from below via a feed line 3.
  • a flaring flock housing 2 which widens conically and merges into a cylindrical upper part 9.
  • the electrolysis chamber 4 contains a bed 5 of solid particles.
  • An air blower 6 is introduced in the lower part 4a of the electrolysis chamber 4 which widens conically from the feed line.
  • electrodes 7 and 8 held in a manner not shown, are immersed in the bed 5. They can each be electrically connected in a manner not shown here.
  • annular channel 10 On the upper, cylindrical part 9 of the flocculation housing 2 there is an annular channel 10 open at the top, for receiving foam 11 emerging there.
  • the annular channel 10 is connected to a discharge channel 12. This contains a fabric or fabric filter 13. The forwarding of water-repellent fabrics 14 that are created there is not shown.
  • a drain line 16 for clean water is connected below the ring channel 10.
  • a light source 17 is arranged on a transparent section 3a on the feed line 3 and a light sensor 18 on the other side.
  • the light sensor 18 controls the voltage at the electrodes depending on their exposure, if they are connected.
  • the flocculated impurities form a foam layer 11 on the surface of the flocculation housing, which overflows into the annular channel 10. From there it passes through the discharge channel 12 via the fabric filter 13. A water-repellent product 14 which is produced there is eliminated in a manner not shown.
  • the cleaned water 15 passes through the exhaust line 16 from the flocculation housing and is further cleaned by a sand filter system, not shown.
  • the effectiveness of the electrodes 7 and 8, ie the continuous release of ions for the formation of flakes, is ensured by the solid particles of the bed 5. These move both within the electrolysis chamber under the action of the water and air flow against the electrodes and along them, as well as during the return movement from the flocculation housing if they have been carried away from the bed. This automatic cleaning
  • the electrodes are not only necessary for heavily polluted wastewater, but also for the cleaning of relatively clean raw water.
  • the cleaning of the electrodes is used to remove oxide films that can otherwise coat the electrodes and prevent the release of ions.
  • the light source 17 and the light sensor 18 opposite it measure the water contamination on the basis of its turbidity, i.e. the obstruction of the light beam.
  • the sensor accordingly controls the power supply to the electrodes and thus the intensity of the electrolysis.
  • electrodes of different materials can also be used which produce ions without applying an electrical voltage.
  • the electrolysis chamber can even become a battery.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)

Abstract

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Reinigen von Wasser. Es wird angestrebt, eine gründliche Reinigung mit einfachen Mitteln zu erzielen. Hierzu werden mittels Elektrolyse von Elektroden Ionen freigesetzt zur Bildung von Flocken aus Verunreinigungen, welche Flocken ihrerseits weitere Verunreinigungen binden. Dabei wird gleichzeitig für eine selbsttätige Reinigung der Elektroden durch ein diese umgebendes bewegtes Bett aus festen, nichtleitenden Teilchen gesorgt. Die Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens weist eine Elektrolysekammer (4), enthaltend ein bewegtes Bett (5) aus festen Teilchen, das die Elektroden (7, 8) umgibt, eine Zuführleitung (3) für das zu reinigende Wasser an einer und ein konisch erweitertes Ausflockungsgehäuse (2) an einer gegenüberliegenden Kammerseite auf.The invention relates to a method for purifying water. The aim is to achieve thorough cleaning with simple means. For this purpose, ions are released by electrolysis of electrodes to form flakes from impurities, which flakes in turn bind further impurities. At the same time, the electrodes are automatically cleaned by a moving bed of solid, non-conductive particles surrounding them. The device for carrying out the method has an electrolysis chamber (4), containing a moving bed (5) made of solid particles, which surrounds the electrodes (7, 8), a feed line (3) for the water to be cleaned and a flared one Flocculation housing (2) on an opposite side of the chamber.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Reinigen von Wasser und eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for purifying water and a device for carrying out the method according to the invention.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren der genannten Art anzugeben, das eine wirksame Reinigung, insbesondere von fettsäurehaltigen Abwässern, mit einfachen Mitteln ermöglicht.The object of the invention is to provide a method of the type mentioned which enables effective purification, in particular of fatty acid-containing waste water, with simple means.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des Anspruches 1 gelöst.The object is achieved by the features of claim 1.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren werden auf einfache Weise mittels Elektrolyse von den Elektroden 2- oder 3-wertige Metallionen abgeschieden, welche innerhalb des zu reinigenden Wassers eine Flockenbildung verursachen. Es wird angenommen, daß diese Flocken durch Bildung von kolloidalen Oxid-Hydraten der abgeschiedenen Metallionen zustandekommt. Die gebildeten Flocken binden ihrerseits weitere in dem zu reinigenden Wasser befindliche Verunreinigungen und dienen somit als Transportmittel für deren Abscheiden aus dem zu reinigenden Wasser. Ermöglicht wird die fortlaufende Produktion von Ionen für die Flockenbildung durch das selbsttätige Reinigen der Elektroden mit Hilfe der festen Teilchen des bewegten Bettes. Diese werden je nach Art des Bettes vom durchströmenden Wasser in Bewegung gehalten. Sie bewegen sich dadurch in den verschiedensten Richtungen und Geschwindigkeiten gegen die Oberfläche der Elektroden und an diesen entlang. Daraus ergibt sich der gewünschte Reinigungseffekt. Eine weitere Reinigungswirkung wird dadurch erzielt, daß sich die festen Teilchen durch Rückbewegen nach Mitnahme durch das Wasser an den Elektroden reinigend vorbeibewegen.In the process according to the invention, 2- or 3-valent metal ions are deposited in a simple manner by means of electrolysis, which cause flocculation within the water to be cleaned. It is believed that these flakes result from the formation of colloidal oxide hydrates of the deposited metal ions. The flakes formed in turn bind further impurities present in the water to be cleaned and thus serve as a means of transport for their separation from the water to be cleaned. The continuous production of ions for the formation of flakes is made possible by the automatic cleaning of the electrodes with the help of the solid particles of the moving bed. Depending on the type of bed, these are kept in motion by the water flowing through them. As a result, they move in a wide variety of directions and speeds against and along the surface of the electrodes. This results in the desired cleaning effect. A further cleaning effect is achieved in that the solid particles move back to the Move electrodes for cleaning.

Als 2- oder 3-wertige Metalle für die Elektroden werden vorzugsweise Eisen oder Aluminium verwendet.Iron or aluminum are preferably used as the bivalent or trivalent metals for the electrodes.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden mehrere, d.h. mindestens drei Elektroden vorgesehen, die durch Anlegen einer Gleichstromspannung alternierend gepolt werden. Hierbei ist es von Vorteil, die Polarität der einzelnen Elektroden periodisch zu ändern, beispielsweise alle 10 Minuten, damit nicht nur ständig positiv geladene Elektroden verbraucht werden, sondern ein gleichmäßiger Verbrauch der Elektroden und auch gleichzeitig eine gewisse Elektrodenreinigung stattfindet.In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, several, i.e. at least three electrodes are provided, which are alternately polarized by applying a DC voltage. It is advantageous here to change the polarity of the individual electrodes periodically, for example every 10 minutes, so that not only are positively charged electrodes constantly being used, but also a uniform consumption of the electrodes and at the same time a certain cleaning of the electrodes takes place.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren eignet sich insbesondere zur Reinigung von Fettsäuren enthaltendem Wasser. Bei Anwesenheit von Fettsäuren in dem zu reinigenden Wasser verbinden sich die durch Elektrolyse abgeschiedenen Metallionen mit den Fettsäuren zu wasserabstoßenden Metallseifenflocken. Diese Flocken binden wiederum weitere Verunreinigungen, insbesondere organische kolloidale Partikel und führen diese mit sich.The method according to the invention is particularly suitable for cleaning water containing fatty acids. In the presence of fatty acids in the water to be cleaned, the metal ions deposited by electrolysis combine with the fatty acids to form water-repellent metal soap flakes. These flakes in turn bind other contaminants, in particular organic colloidal particles, and carry them with them.

Die Merkmale der Ansprüche 5 bis 7 betreffen jeweils eine Weiterentwicklung des Verfahrens zur Verbesserung der Ausflockung.The features of claims 5 to 7 each relate to a further development of the method for improving the flocculation.

Sofern die Elektrolyse mit an eine Stromquelle angeschlossenen Elektroden durchgeführt wird, insbesondere bei Elektroden aus gleichem Material, kann durch das Merkmal des Anspruches 8 die Intensität des Verfahrens gesteuert, bzw. bei wenig verschmutztem Wasser Energie gespart werden.If the electrolysis is carried out with electrodes connected to a power source, in particular with electrodes made of the same material, the intensity of the method can be controlled by the feature of claim 8, or energy can be saved in the case of slightly polluted water.

Einen einfachen Verfahrensschritt hierzu gibt das Merkmal des Anspruches 9 an.Merk provides a simple process step for this times of claim 9.

Die Erfindung schafft auch eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, gekennzeichnet durch die Merkmale des Anspruches 12.The invention also provides a device for carrying out the method according to the invention, characterized by the features of claim 12.

Daß die Elektroden in einem bewegten Bett aus festen Teilchen angeordnet sind, ergibt,auf einfache Weise die oben bereits geschilderte selbsttätige Reinigung der Elektroden. Ihre ständige Wirksamkeit ist damit gewährleistet. Die konische Erweiterung des Ausflockungsgehäuses bremst zu raschen Weiterfluß und gestattet den aus dem Bett mitgerissenen festen Teilchen die Rückbewegung in die Elektrolysekammer.The fact that the electrodes are arranged in a moving bed of solid particles results in a simple manner in the automatic cleaning of the electrodes already described above. Your constant effectiveness is guaranteed. The conical widening of the flocculation housing slows down the rapid flow and allows the solid particles entrained from the bed to move back into the electrolysis chamber.

Für die Ausflockung vorteilhafte Werkstoffe der Elektroden sind durch die Merkmale der Ansprüche 14 und 15 angesprochen.Materials of the electrodes which are advantageous for flocculation are addressed by the features of claims 14 and 15.

Eine energiesparende Möglichkeit der Elektrolyse gibt das Merkmal des Anspruches 16 an, da eine Ionenabgabe sich auch ohne Anschluß der Elektroden an eine Stromquelle erzielen läßt, wenn die Elektroden aus entsprechend abgestimmten unterschiedlichen Metallen bestehen. Bei stark korrosivem Wasser können die Elektroden sogar zu einer Batterie werden, also Spannung liefern.An energy-saving possibility of electrolysis specifies the feature of claim 16, since ion release can also be achieved without connecting the electrodes to a power source if the electrodes consist of appropriately coordinated different metals. In the case of highly corrosive water, the electrodes can even become a battery, i.e. supply voltage.

Das die Elektroden umgebende bewegte Bett kann, wie in den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 17 angegeben, verschiedener Art sein, insbesondere, was die Bewegung der festen Teilchen in dem Bett betrifft. Die Art des Bettes ist in weitem Maße von der Beschaffenheit der festen Teilchen, beispielsweise Granit, Sand oder Kunststoffgranulat, sowie Zahl, Größe und Anordnung der Elektroden abhängig. Als feste,nichtleitende Teilchen für das bewegte Bett eignen sich insbesondere Granitteilchen. Eine wirtschaftliche Regelung der Elektrolyse wird bei an Spannung liegenden Elektroden auf einfache Weise durch das Merkmal des Anspruches 21 ermöglicht. Damit kann bei stark verschmutztem Wasser die Effektivität der Reinigung erhöht, bei wenig verschmutztem Wasser Energie gespart werden.The moving bed surrounding the electrodes can, as stated in the features of claim 17, be of various types, in particular as regards the movement of the solid particles in the bed. The type of bed depends to a large extent on the nature of the solid particles, for example granite, sand or plastic granules, and the number, size and arrangement of the electrodes. Granite particles are particularly suitable as solid, non-conductive particles for the moving bed. Economic regulation of the electrolysis is made possible in a simple manner with electrodes connected to voltage by the feature of claim 21. This means that the effectiveness of cleaning can be increased if the water is very dirty, and energy is saved if the water is not very dirty.

Eine besonders einfache Einrichtung hierzu wird durch das Merkmal des Anspruches 22 angesprochen.A particularly simple device for this is addressed by the feature of claim 22.

Das Gehäuse der Elektrolysekammer ist bei Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens immer negativ geladen, da bei einer Umpolarisierung sonst Korrosion auftreten würde. Als Metall für das Elektrolysekammergehäuse eignet sich beispielsweise Stahl.The housing of the electrolysis chamber is always negatively charged when carrying out the method according to the invention, since corrosion would otherwise occur if the polarization were reversed. Steel, for example, is suitable as the metal for the electrolysis chamber housing.

Nachstehend wird anhand der einzigen Zeichnungsfigur eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens und das damit durchgeführte Verfahren beschrieben.An apparatus for carrying out the method according to the invention and the method carried out with it are described below with reference to the single drawing figure.

Zu reinigendes Wasser 1 wird über eine Zuführleitung 3 von unten in eine Elektrolysekammer 4 eingeführt. An die Elektrolysekammer 4 schließt sich nach oben ein sich konisch erweiterndes Ausflockungsgehäuse 2 an, das in einen zylindrischen oberen Teil 9 übergeht.Water 1 to be cleaned is introduced into an electrolysis chamber 4 from below via a feed line 3. At the top of the electrolysis chamber 4 there is a flaring flock housing 2 which widens conically and merges into a cylindrical upper part 9.

Die Elektrolysekammer 4 enthält ein Bett 5 aus festen Teilchen. Im unteren, von der Zuführleitung sich konisch erweiternden Teil 4a der Elektrolysekammer 4 ist ein Luftgebläse 6 eingebracht. Im zylindrischen Teil der Elektrolysekammer 4 sind Elektroden 7 und 8, auf nicht gezeigte Weise gehaltert, in das Bett 5 eingetaucht. Sie können, in hier nicht dargestellter Weise, jeweils elektrisch angeschlossen sein.The electrolysis chamber 4 contains a bed 5 of solid particles. An air blower 6 is introduced in the lower part 4a of the electrolysis chamber 4 which widens conically from the feed line. In the cylindrical part of the electrolysis chamber 4, electrodes 7 and 8, held in a manner not shown, are immersed in the bed 5. They can each be electrically connected in a manner not shown here.

Am oberen, zylindrischen Teil 9 des Ausflockungsgehäuses 2 ist ein oben offener Ringkanal 10 angebracht, zur Aufnahme von dort austretendem Schaum 11. Der Ringkanal 10 ist mit einem Ableitungskanal 12 verbunden. Dieser enthält einen Gewebe- bzw. Stoffilter 13. Die Weiterleitung dort entstehender wasserabweisender Stoffe 14 ist nicht dargestellt.On the upper, cylindrical part 9 of the flocculation housing 2 there is an annular channel 10 open at the top, for receiving foam 11 emerging there. The annular channel 10 is connected to a discharge channel 12. This contains a fabric or fabric filter 13. The forwarding of water-repellent fabrics 14 that are created there is not shown.

In den zylindrischen Teil 9 des Ausflockungsgehäuses ist unterhalb des Ringkanals 10 eine Abzugsleitung 16 für sauberes Wasser angeschlossen.In the cylindrical part 9 of the flocculation housing, a drain line 16 for clean water is connected below the ring channel 10.

An der Zuführleitung 3 ist vor deren Eintritt in die Elektrolysekammer 4 an einem durchsichtigen Abschnitt 3a auf einer Seite eine Lichtquelle 17 und auf der anderen Seite ein Lichtsensor 18 angeordnet. Der Lichtsensor 18 steuert abhängig von seiner Beaufschlagung die Spannung an den Elektroden, falls diese angeschlossen sind.Before entering the electrolysis chamber 4, a light source 17 is arranged on a transparent section 3a on the feed line 3 and a light sensor 18 on the other side. The light sensor 18 controls the voltage at the electrodes depending on their exposure, if they are connected.

Mit der beschriebenen Vorrichtung wird Wasser, insbesondere Abwasser, wie folgt gereinigt:

  • Das zu reinigende Wasser 1 strömt durch die Zuführleitung 3 zur Elektrolysekammer 4. Beim Passieren des durchsichtigen Abschnittes 3a stellt der Lichtsensor anhand der Trübung des Wassers den Verschmutzungsgrad fest und regelt danach die Spannungszufuhr zu den Elektroden 7 und 8. Beim Eintritt in die Elektrolysekammer erhält das Wasser eine Fließgeschwindigkeit, die sich in der Größenordnung der Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit der festen Teilchen des Bettes 5 bewegt. Diese Geschwindigkeit liegt ungefähr bei einem Zehntel der freien Fallgeschwindigkeit der Teilchen im Wasser. Durch das Luftgebläse 6 wird unterhalb der Elektroden zusätzlich Luft in die Elektrolysekammer eingeblassen, welche die Bewegung in der Elektrolysekammer verstärkt.
  • Die Elektroden, vorzugsweise aus Aluminium oder Eisen, scheiden Ionen ab. Diese verbinden sich mit Verunreinigungen, insbesondere mit Fettsäuren, zu wasserabstoßenden Flocken, beispielsweise metallischen Seifen. Diese Flocken binden ihrerseits weitere Verunreinigungen, insbesondere organische kolloidale Partikel und führen diese mit sich. Beim Austritt aus der Elektrolysekammer 4 wird durch die konische Erweiterung des Ausflockungsgehäuses 2 die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit so reduziert, daß die Bindung weiterer Verunreinigungen durch die elektrolytisch gebildeten Flocken weiter fortschreiten kann. Ferner können die aus dem Bett mitgerissenen festen Teilchen sich in Folge ihres höheren spezifischen Gewichtes in die Elektrolysekammer 4 zurückbewegen. Sie bewegen sich dabei auch reinigend an den Elektroden entlang.
With the device described, water, in particular wastewater, is cleaned as follows:
  • The water 1 to be cleaned flows through the feed line 3 to the electrolysis chamber 4. When passing through the transparent section 3a, the light sensor determines the degree of contamination based on the turbidity of the water and then regulates the voltage supply to the electrodes 7 and 8. When it enters the electrolysis chamber, this receives Water has a flow rate which is on the order of the rate of movement of the solid particles of the bed 5. This speed is approximately one tenth of the free falling speed of the particles in water. Air is additionally admitted into the electrolysis chamber below the electrodes by the air blower 6, which increases the movement in the electrolysis chamber.
  • The electrodes, preferably made of aluminum or iron, deposit ions. These combine with impurities, in particular with fatty acids, to form water-repellent flakes, for example metallic soaps. These flakes in turn bind other contaminants, in particular organic colloidal particles, and carry them with them. When emerging from the electrolysis chamber 4, the flow rate is reduced by the conical widening of the flocculation housing 2 so that the binding of further impurities by the electrolytically formed flakes can continue. Furthermore, the solid particles entrained from the bed can move back into the electrolysis chamber 4 due to their higher specific weight. They also move along the electrodes while cleaning.

Die ausgeflockten Verunreinigungen bilden an der Oberfläche des Ausflockungsgehäuses eine Schaumschicht 11, die in den Ringkanal 10 überfließt. Sie gelangt von dort durch den Ableitungskanal 12 über den Stoffilter 13. Ein dort entstehendes wasserabstoßendes Produkt 14 wird auf nicht gezeichnete Weise ausgeschieden.The flocculated impurities form a foam layer 11 on the surface of the flocculation housing, which overflows into the annular channel 10. From there it passes through the discharge channel 12 via the fabric filter 13. A water-repellent product 14 which is produced there is eliminated in a manner not shown.

Das gereinigte Waser 15 gelangt durch die Abzugsleitung 16 aus dem Ausflockungsgehäuse und wird über eine nicht gezeichnete Sandfilteranlage weitergereinigt.The cleaned water 15 passes through the exhaust line 16 from the flocculation housing and is further cleaned by a sand filter system, not shown.

Die Wirksamkeit der Elektroden 7 und 8, d.h., die laufende Abgabe von Ionen zur Flockenbildung, wird durch die festen Teilchen des Bettes 5 gewährleistet. Diese bewegen sich sowohl innerhalb der Elektrolysekammer unter der Einwirkung des Wasser- und Luftstromes gegen die Elektroden und an diesen entlang, als auch bei der Rückbewegung aus dem Ausflockungsgehäuse, wenn sie aus dem Bett mitgerissen wurden. Diese selbsttätige Reinigung der Elektroden ist nicht nur bei stark verschmutztem Abwasser, sondern auch bei der Reinigung von relativ sauberem Rohwasser notwendig. Die Reinigung der Elektroden dient der Entfernung von Oxid-Filmen, die sonst die Elektroden überziehen und die Ionenabgabe verhindern können.The effectiveness of the electrodes 7 and 8, ie the continuous release of ions for the formation of flakes, is ensured by the solid particles of the bed 5. These move both within the electrolysis chamber under the action of the water and air flow against the electrodes and along them, as well as during the return movement from the flocculation housing if they have been carried away from the bed. This automatic cleaning The electrodes are not only necessary for heavily polluted wastewater, but also for the cleaning of relatively clean raw water. The cleaning of the electrodes is used to remove oxide films that can otherwise coat the electrodes and prevent the release of ions.

Die Lichtquelle 17 und der ihr gegenüberliegende Lichtsensor 18 messen die Wasserverunreinigung anhand dessen Trübung, d.h., der Behinderung des Lichtstrahles. Der Sensor steuert dementsprechend die Stromversorgung der Elektroden und damit die Intensität der Elektrolyse.The light source 17 and the light sensor 18 opposite it measure the water contamination on the basis of its turbidity, i.e. the obstruction of the light beam. The sensor accordingly controls the power supply to the electrodes and thus the intensity of the electrolysis.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung können auch Elektroden unterschiedlichen Materials verwendet werden, die ohne Anlegen einer elektrischen Spannung Ionen produzieren. Bei stark korrosivem Wasser, speziell bei der Verwendung von Aluminiumanoden, kann die Elektrolysekammer sogar zur Batterie werden.Within the scope of the invention, electrodes of different materials can also be used which produce ions without applying an electrical voltage. In the case of strongly corrosive water, especially when using aluminum anodes, the electrolysis chamber can even become a battery.

Claims (22)

1. Verfahren zum Reinigen von Wasser, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man das zu reinigende Wasser an mindestens zwei gleichen oder verschiedenen Elektroden unterschiedlicher Polarität aus 2- oder 3-wertigen Metallen vorbeiführt, wobei die Elektroden von einem bewegten Bett aus festen, nicht leitenden Teilchen mit einer höheren Dichte als das zu reinigende Wasser umgeben sind.1. A method of purifying water, characterized in that the water to be purified is passed past at least two identical or different electrodes of different polarity made of 2 or 3-valent metals, the electrodes having a moving bed made of solid, non-conductive particles surrounded by a higher density than the water to be cleaned. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man als 2- oder 3-wertige Metalle für die Elektroden Eisen oder Aluminium verwendet.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that iron or aluminum is used as the 2 or 3-valent metals for the electrodes. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 und/oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens drei Elektroden vorgesehen sind, welche durch Anlegen einer Gleichstromspannung alternierend gepolt werden.3. The method according to claim 1 and / or 2, characterized in that at least three electrodes are provided, which are alternately polarized by applying a DC voltage. 4. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die Polarität der einzelnen Elektroden periodisch ändert.4. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one changes the polarity of the individual electrodes periodically. 5. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das zu reinigende Wasser mittels Druck durch das bewegte Bett geführt wird.5. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the water to be cleaned is guided by pressure through the moving bed. 6. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Verstärkung der Bewegung des Bettes in dieses Luft eingeblasen wird.6. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that air is blown in to amplify the movement of the bed. 7. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das zu reinigende Wasser vertikal von unten nach oben durch das bewegte Bett geführt wird.7. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the water to be cleaned is guided vertically from the bottom up through the moving bed. 8. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die angelegte Gleichstromspannung in Abhängigkeit des Verschmutzungsgrades des zu reinigenden Wassers reguliert.8. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one regulates the applied DC voltage depending on the degree of contamination of the water to be cleaned. 9. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Verschmutzungsgrad optisch durch Messung der Trübung des zu reinigenden Wassers bestimmt wird.9. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the degree of contamination optically by measuring the Turbidity of the water to be cleaned is determined. 10. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man als feste, nicht leitende Teilchen Granitteilchen verwendet.10. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that granite particles are used as solid, non-conductive particles. 11. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man Fettsäuren enthaltendes Wasser reinigt.11. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that water containing fatty acids is purified. 12. Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, gekennzeichnet durch eine Elektrolysekammer (4), enthaltend ein bewegtes Bett (5) aus festen, nicht leitenden Teilchen mit einer höheren Dichte als das zu reinigende Wasser, das die Elektroden (7,8) umgibt, eine Zuführleitung (3) für das zu reinigende Wasser (1) an einer Kammerseite, und ein konisch erweitertes Ausflockungsgehäuse (2) an einer gegenüberliegenden Kammerseite.12. An apparatus for performing the method according to at least one of claims 1 to 11, characterized by an electrolysis chamber (4) containing a moving bed (5) made of solid, non-conductive particles with a higher density than the water to be cleaned, which is the electrodes (7,8) surrounds a supply line (3) for the water to be cleaned (1) on one side of the chamber and a flared housing (2) with a conical extension on an opposite side of the chamber. 13. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zuführleitung (3) an der Unterseite der Elektrolysekammer (4) und das Ausflockungsgehäuse (2) an der Oberseite der Elektrolysekammer (4) angeordnet sind.13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the feed line (3) on the underside of the electrolysis chamber (4) and the flocculation housing (2) on the top of the electrolysis chamber (4) are arranged. 14. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 12 und/oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Elektroden (7,8) aus Aluminium bestehen.14. The apparatus according to claim 12 and / or 13, characterized in that the electrodes (7,8) consist of aluminum. 15. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 12 und/oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Elektroden (7,8) aus Eisen bestehen.15. The apparatus according to claim 12 and / or 13, characterized in that the electrodes (7,8) consist of iron. 16. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 12 und/oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Elektroden (7 bzw. 8) aus unterschiedlichen Metallen bestehen.16. The apparatus according to claim 12 and / or 13, characterized in that the electrodes (7 and 8) consist of different metals. 17. Vorrichtung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das bewegte Bett (5) als Wirbelschichtbett, träges Bett, Schüttbett, Gleich- bzw. Parallelströmungsbett oder Schnellströmbett ausgebildet ist.17. The device according to at least one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that the moving bed (5) is designed as a fluidized bed, inert bed, pouring bed, parallel or parallel flow bed or rapid flow bed. 18. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in dem unteren Bereich (4a) der Elektrolysekammer (4) ein Luftgebläse (6) mündet.18. Device according to one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that in the lower region (4a) of the electrolysis chamber (4) opens an air blower (6). 19. Vorrichtung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Ausflockungsgehäuse (2) am oberen Rand einen umlaufenden Ringkanal (10) mit einem Ableitungskanal (12) für das ausgeflockte Material (11) aufweist.19. The device according to at least one of claims 12 to 18, characterized in that the flocculation housing (2) has a circumferential annular channel (10) with a discharge channel (12) for the flocculated material (11) at the upper edge. 20. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Abstand vom oberen Rand des Ausflockungsgehäuses (2) eine Abzugsleitung (16) für gereinigtes Wasser (15) angeschlossen ist.20. The apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that a discharge line (16) for purified water (15) is connected at a distance from the upper edge of the flocculation housing (2). 21. Vorrichtung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Zuführleitung (3), für das zu reinigende Wasser (1) eine Kontrolleinrichtung (17,18) für die Wasserverschmutzung angeordnet und mit einer Steuereinrichtung für die Elektrodenspannung verbunden ist.21. The device according to at least one of claims 12 to 20, characterized in that in the feed line (3) for the water to be cleaned (1) a control device (17, 18) for water pollution is arranged and connected to a control device for the electrode voltage is. 22. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kontrolleinrichtung aus einer Lichtquelle (17) und einem auf die Wassertrübung reagierenden Lichtsensor (18) besteht.22. The apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in that the control device consists of a light source (17) and a light sensor (18) reacting to the water turbidity.
EP84111364A 1983-10-06 1984-09-24 Method and apparatus for purifying water Withdrawn EP0141981A1 (en)

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DE19833336460 DE3336460A1 (en) 1983-10-06 1983-10-06 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CLEANING WATER

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BR8404956A (en) 1985-08-20
DE8328904U1 (en) 1986-08-21
US4802991A (en) 1989-02-07
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ES535282A0 (en) 1985-11-01
ES8601810A1 (en) 1985-11-01

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