EP0140763B1 - Installation de traitement d'une matière combustible et son mode de fonctionnement - Google Patents

Installation de traitement d'une matière combustible et son mode de fonctionnement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0140763B1
EP0140763B1 EP84401970A EP84401970A EP0140763B1 EP 0140763 B1 EP0140763 B1 EP 0140763B1 EP 84401970 A EP84401970 A EP 84401970A EP 84401970 A EP84401970 A EP 84401970A EP 0140763 B1 EP0140763 B1 EP 0140763B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
roller
temperature
gases
rate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84401970A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0140763A2 (fr
EP0140763A3 (en
Inventor
Luc Ratouis
Gérard Dreyfuss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Creusot Loire SA
Original Assignee
Creusot Loire SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Creusot Loire SA filed Critical Creusot Loire SA
Priority to AT84401970T priority Critical patent/ATE31546T1/de
Publication of EP0140763A2 publication Critical patent/EP0140763A2/fr
Publication of EP0140763A3 publication Critical patent/EP0140763A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0140763B1 publication Critical patent/EP0140763B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/002—Horizontal gasifiers, e.g. belt-type gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/34—Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/34—Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
    • C10J3/36—Fixed grates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60—Processes
    • C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
    • C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal

Definitions

  • the subject of the invention is an installation for treating a combustible material, and in particular an apparatus for gasifying coal or vegetable materials and also covers methods for controlling the treatment carried out in an installation of this type.
  • Apparatus are already known for pyrolysis or gasification of combustible materials by circulation of hot gas comprising an elongated reaction chamber having a flat bottom on which the material charged at an upstream end forms a layer moving up to the downstream end of the bottom where it pours into an evacuation hopper.
  • the reaction chamber is associated with a circuit for circulating hot gas through the layer of materials comprising means for introducing hot gases above the layer, for example by means of a burner and means for extracting gas through the material layer through at least one permeable part formed in the bottom.
  • a gasification device as described, for example, in French Patent No.
  • the bottom is provided with two permeable zones constituted by grids, one zone placed in the upstream half of the chamber corresponding to the drying and the pyrolysis of the material and a zone placed on the downstream side corresponding to the gasification of the material after pyrolysis.
  • the pyrolysis gases aspirated by a box placed below the upstream grid are recycled in the burner placed above at the downstream end of the chamber, so as to produce the temperature necessary for gasification, the gases produced by that -ci being sucked by a box placed below the downstream grid.
  • reaction chamber described in this patent has a horizontal bottom. It may however be advantageous to tilt the bottom more or less depending on the desired operating conditions.
  • the bottom of the chamber is substantially horizontal or slightly inclined so that the advancement of the material cannot occur naturally and is carried out at by means of a thrust member such as a piston placed below the loading orifice and animated, with alternative movements of slow advance and rapid recoil allowing the material to be given a substantially constant speed of advance.
  • a thrust member such as a piston placed below the loading orifice and animated, with alternative movements of slow advance and rapid recoil allowing the material to be given a substantially constant speed of advance.
  • the reaction chamber opens at its downstream end into a recovery hopper, the edge of which must normally be separated from the grid by a weir-forming surface and the length of which must be sufficient to maintain a minimum thickness of material above the grid. given the angle formed by the natural slope of discharge of the material at the downstream end of. layer. Indeed, when the grid is not covered with a layer of material of sufficient thickness to produce a certain pressure drop, one can observe a phenomenon of fogging producing preferential streams of hot gas through the grid. On the other hand, the downstream part thereof can also be exposed directly to the gas coming from the burner if it is placed too close to the edge of the spill hopper, the embankment being able to spill irregularly. This therefore results in a risk of overheating of the grid, the longevity of which depends on the temperatures to which it is exposed.
  • the temperature produced by the burner above the charge should normally be as high as possible, but it is also necessary to avoid too rapid a melting of the ash which would hamper the evacuation.
  • the upstream temperature of the gases above the charge must be around 1150 ° C.
  • the thickness to be given to the layer which depends in particular on the characteristics of the material and the inclination of the bottom, must be sufficient, as indicated, to produce the necessary pressure drop and depends on the suction conditions.
  • the downstream temperature of the gases having passed through the charge must be limited, if possible, so as not to deteriorate the grid while retaining a good gasification yield and experience has shown that it is useful to maintain a temperature d 'about 700 ° below the downstream grid.
  • EP-A-45 256 discloses a process for gasifying combustible materials according to which the hot gas flow is regulated as a function of the thickness of the layer of combustible material.
  • the object of the invention is to remedy these drawbacks by means of a device which makes it possible in particular, without excessive complication and without the use of a movable floor, to control the end of the treatment process, in particular by avoiding an increase in the temperature of the gases. at the level of the grid which would cause it to overheat.
  • the reaction chamber comprises a member for controlling the discharge of the treated material, projecting above the level of the bottom of the chamber at the downstream end thereof and a means for measuring the temperature of the gases sucked below the layer of material at the downstream end of the bottom and a means of adjustment by the control member of the discharge of the discharge rate of the treated material, as a function of the variations in the measured temperature gases in relation to a determined level corresponding to optimal operating conditions.
  • the material discharge control member is constituted by a roller extending transversely at the downstream end of the bottom, rotatably mounted around an axis parallel to the latter and the part of which upper overflows above the bottom so as to constitute an obstacle to the advancement of the material.
  • the roller is provided, on its periphery, with hollow parts capable of withdrawing a determined quantity of material at each revolution of the roller, the latter being associated with a means of rotationally adjustable speed drive constituting the means for adjusting the flow rate. evacuation of the material.
  • the reaction chamber has a bottom inclined relative to the horizontal by an angle less than that causing the natural advancement of the material and is associated with a means for pushing the material at a speed of substantially constant progress.
  • the discharge rate of the spill control member being adjusted for optimal operating conditions as a function of the speed of advancement of the layer of material, the downstream temperature of the gases is continuously measured. above the layer at the downstream end and, if a reference temperature corresponding to the desired degree of treatment is exceeded, a reduction in the discharge rate of the treated material is controlled, determining an increase in the height of the layer and a lowering of the downstream temperature measured to the reference level, the evacuation flow rate then being reduced to its normal value.
  • the reaction chamber has a bottom inclined relative to the horizontal by an angle greater than that causing the natural advancement of the material under its own weight and the spill control member protrudes in protrusion above the bottom over a height substantially equal to that of the layer of material and which depends on the rate of loading through the upstream orifice and the rate of discharge of the treated material.
  • the temperature of the gases is continuously measured below the layer of material at the downstream end of the bottom and, if a reference temperature corresponding to the desired degree of treatment is exceeded, an increase is controlled.
  • the discharge flow rate determining an increase in the carbon content of the material at the downstream end and a decrease in the temperature measured up to the reference level, the discharge flow rate then being reduced to its normal value.
  • a gasifier is schematically represented consisting of a treatment chamber 1 of elongated shape, provided with a bottom 13 inclined relative to the horizontal and extending between an inlet 2 for supplying materials and a hopper 16 for discharging the treated material, placed at the two ends, respectively upper and lower, of the elongated chamber 1.
  • the material reduced to pieces introduced by the inlet 2 moves along the inclined bottom 13 of the chamber for example under the action of a piston 3 which is driven by a jack 31 with an alternating movement of advance and reversing, the advance being made at an adjustable slow speed and the reversing at more high speed so that the material moves in a practically continuous movement, at an average speed V.
  • the material thus forms above the bottom 13 a layer 4 which can have a variable thickness and whose front part 44 forms a slope 45 limited by the downstream end 12 of the bottom 13 and whose inclination depends in particular on the physical characteristics of the material after treatment.
  • the chamber 1 Opposite the slope 45 and above the discharge hopper 16, the chamber 1 forms a hood 17 in which is placed a burner 18.
  • the hot gases produced by the burner 18 spread in the treatment chamber 1 au- above the material and are sucked through it by two boxes 51 and 61 connected to suction circuits, respectively 5 and 6 and limited respectively by two grids 14 and 15 forming permeable parts of the bottom 13 placed respectively on the upstream side and on the downstream side of it.
  • the hot gases produced by the burner 18 pass through the layer of material 4 and the talu-s 45 in a substantially transverse direction and produce above the grid 14 the drying and then the pyrolysis of the combustible material which is transformed. in charcoal and then the conversion into gas of the latter above the grid 15, the gas produced being sucked up by the box 61.
  • the downstream part of the bottom 13 between the limit of the box 15 and the edge of the hopper 16. forms a weir 12 whose length determines the position of the slope 45 and consequently the thickness of material traversed by the gases sucked in by the grid 15.
  • a roller 8 is placed at this location which is provided on its periphery with recesses in the form of grooves 81 which extend over the entire length of the roller.
  • This is rotatably mounted on an axis 80 parallel to the bottom 13 and perpendicular to the axis of the chamber 1, that is to say to the direction of movement.
  • the axis 80 of the roller 8 can be placed, for example, at the bottom 13, the weir 130 forming a cylindrical housing for the lower part of the roller 8, the upper part thus overflows above the bottom 13.
  • the roller 8 is rotated by a motor 82 with an average angular speed for which the discharge rate of the material taken up by the grooves 81 corresponds to the average speed V of advancement of the material along the bottom 13
  • a motor 82 with an average angular speed for which the discharge rate of the material taken up by the grooves 81 corresponds to the average speed V of advancement of the material along the bottom 13
  • the speed of rotation of the roller 8 it is possible to vary the discharge rate of the material and consequently to accelerate or on the contrary slow down the advancement of the downstream part 44 of the layer of material of such so that, according to the speeds of the roller 8, the slope 45 oscillates between two positions, 46 and 47 indicated diagrammatically in FIG. 2.
  • the average speed of advancement of the layer of material 4 is determined by the piston 3 and remains substantially constant as long as the speed of the piston is not changed.
  • the dumping slope takes the average position 45. If the speed of rotation of the roller is reduced, the evacuation rate also decreases and this results in a braking effect, the roller constituting an obstacle which must be crossed by matter.
  • the slope then takes the position 46 indicated in dashes in the figure and which is substantially tangent to the roller 8 and the inclination of which depends on the angle (D) of natural dumping of the ashes.
  • the speed of rotation of the roller is increased, the ash discharge rate becomes greater than the arrival rate which corresponds to the average speed of advance and the slope takes position 47 of slightly concave shape, indicated in phantom in Figure 2.
  • the minimum thickness h of materials traversed by the gases at the lower end of the grid 15 can vary between two values h, and h 2 corresponding to the extreme positions 46 and 47 of the slope according to the speed given to the roller 8
  • the operating conditions being regulated, as indicated, so that the ashes retain at the end of treatment a minimum proportion of carbon determining a lowering of temperature by endothermic reaction.
  • This device may include a comparator 9. receiving the temperature measured by a sensor 91 placed below the grid 15 to compare it with a reference temperature t '. In as a function of the result of this comparison, the comparator 9 sends an order to a member 83 for adjusting the speed of rotation of the motor 82 for driving the roller 8. When the measured temperature t substantially exceeds the reference temperature t ', the comparator 9 sends the regulating member 83 an order to slow down the roller 8 which makes it possible to increase the height of the layer crossed and consequently the cooling of the gases. When the temperature difference is considered normal, the comparator issues a command to return to normal speed of the roller 8.
  • the temperature measured below the grid should not drop abnormally below the reference level t '. If the comparator detected an abnormal lowering of temperature which leads to a reduction in yield, it would then be necessary to act on the speed of advance of the material by means of the piston 3.
  • the relative proportions of charcoal and ash remaining at the end of the treatment depend on the nature of the fuel which can produce a proportion of ash ranging from 5 to 20%.
  • the operating conditions being determined according to the nature of the fuel and the characteristics of the installation, the regulating device according to the invention makes it possible to control the degree of progress of the treatment and the temperature of the gases sucked up so as to avoid a excessive heating of the grate 15. Thanks to the security provided by the spill control roller, it is therefore possible to reduce the carbon content of the ashes as much as possible and consequently achieve an optimal gasification yield.
  • the device which has just been described also has other advantages.
  • the molten ash forms, on the surface 45 of the slope, a crust which will be broken and easily removed by the roller 8.
  • the gasifier with a horizontal or slightly inclined bottom which has just been described is well suited for the treatment of materials comprising a relatively low proportion of ash on the order of 5%, such as, for example, wood.
  • materials of plant origin containing a large proportion of ash for example of the order of 20%
  • Such a gasifier has been shown by way of example in FIG. 3.
  • the reaction chamber 1 is then provided with a bottom 13 inclined at a large angle, of the order of 45 ° and is provided, above the upper end 11 of the bottom 13, with an orifice inlet 2 through which a chimney 21 opens allowing the material to be introduced continuously.
  • a roller 8 is placed which can be provided, as described above, with evacuation grooves 81, but which protrudes above the level of the bottom 13 by a corresponding height substantially to that of the layer of material on entering the chamber. In this way, the material introduced through the inlet orifice 2 forms a layer of substantially uniform thickness up to the discharge roller 8.
  • a temperature sensor 91 placed below the downstream end of the grid 15 and connected to a comparator 9 which controls the motor 82 of the roller via a member 83 for adjusting the speed of rotation.
  • the comparator 9 When the comparator 9 detects an abnormal rise in temperature above the reference temperature t ′, the comparator 9 determines an increase in the speed of rotation of the roller and consequently in the ash removal rate. These are immediately replaced by the material located upstream and which advances under the action of its own weight. This material, having undergone a less thorough treatment. has a higher carbon content which determines a lowering of the temperature to the desired level. Comparator 9 then reduces the speed of the roller to normal speed.
  • the comparator 9 could slow down the roller and consequently the rate of evacuation of the material which would then undergo a more thorough treatment entrain-
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible to adapt to very different operating conditions and one could obviously imagine other variants.
  • roller 8 for controlling the discharge of the material could be provided, in place of the grooves 81, with helical threads to form an endless screw which would be placed in the bottom of a bucket.
  • the material would then move parallel to the axis of the roller, that is to say transversely to the direction of the bottom 13, the evacuation occurring through a lateral orifice placed at the height of the roller.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Seeds, Soups, And Other Foods (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
EP84401970A 1983-10-07 1984-10-03 Installation de traitement d'une matière combustible et son mode de fonctionnement Expired EP0140763B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84401970T ATE31546T1 (de) 1983-10-07 1984-10-03 Vorrichtung zur behandlung eines brennbaren materials und ihre betriebsweise.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8315969A FR2553097B1 (fr) 1983-10-07 1983-10-07 Installation de traitement d'une matiere combustible et son mode de fonctionnement
FR8315969 1983-10-07

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0140763A2 EP0140763A2 (fr) 1985-05-08
EP0140763A3 EP0140763A3 (en) 1985-06-19
EP0140763B1 true EP0140763B1 (fr) 1987-12-23

Family

ID=9292918

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84401970A Expired EP0140763B1 (fr) 1983-10-07 1984-10-03 Installation de traitement d'une matière combustible et son mode de fonctionnement

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0140763B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) ATE31546T1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR8405025A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3468232D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2553097B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IN (1) IN161380B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ZA (1) ZA847485B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2916760B1 (fr) 2007-06-01 2010-12-24 Isaac Behar Module, systeme et procede de traitement de biomasse a lit fixe horizontal

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4030895A (en) * 1976-03-17 1977-06-21 Caughey Robert A Apparatus for producing combustible gases from carbonaceous materials
US4095958A (en) * 1977-06-21 1978-06-20 Forest Fuels, Inc. Apparatus and method for producing combustible gases from biomass material
US4268274A (en) * 1979-07-09 1981-05-19 Forest Fuels, Inc. Gasification retort
FR2487847A1 (fr) * 1980-07-30 1982-02-05 Cneema Procede et installation de gazeification de matieres d'origine vegetale

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2553097A1 (fr) 1985-04-12
DE3468232D1 (en) 1988-02-04
ZA847485B (en) 1985-06-26
FR2553097B1 (fr) 1985-12-27
BR8405025A (pt) 1985-08-20
EP0140763A2 (fr) 1985-05-08
EP0140763A3 (en) 1985-06-19
IN161380B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1987-11-21
ATE31546T1 (de) 1988-01-15

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