EP0133472A2

EP0133472A2 - Vertical stacking terminal for containers

Info

Publication number: EP0133472A2
Application number: EP84107746A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Federico Lancieri; Domenico Leone; Carlo Grattarola
Original assignee: Italimpianti SpA
Current assignee: Italimpianti SpA
Priority date: 1983-07-27
Filing date: 1984-07-04
Publication date: 1985-02-27
Also published as: EP0133472B1; IT1171216B; EP0133472A3; ATE33810T1; IT8312594A1; DE3470726D1; IT8312594A0; BR8403720A

Abstract

This invention relates to a vertical stacking terminal for containers, comprising at least one corridor (1) having at both sides thereof a plurality_of storage or stacking compartments (2) in a multiple-tier arrangement and designed to receive the containers (C). Robot transfer carriages (4) are provided in said corridor (1) and are movable along the corridor on horizontal runways (5) located at each tier or level of storage compartments (2). These robot transfer carriages are intended to move the containers (C) horizontally along the corridor and to introduce them into and retrieve them from the storage compartments (2). At least at one end of the corridor (1) there is provided a lifting unit (3) for moving the incoming and outgoing containers (C) vertically. According to the invention, the lifting unit (3) is provided with its own container-holding means (37) whereby a container (C) is received from or is delivered to the robet transfer carriage (4) operating at a given tier, while at ground level suitable introduction and retrieval transfer means (6, 6') are provided to receive an incoming container from a loading or introduction area (8) and deliver it to the container-holding means (37) of the lifting unit (3), and to receive an outgoing container from the container-holding means (37) of the lifting unit (3) and transfer it to an unloading or retrieval area (8'). Thus, the three basic handlings of a container, namely ensilage or de-ensilage, lifting up or hauling down, and ingress or egress, are separated from each other and are effected by different means, respectively (robot carriages, lifting unit with its own container-holding means, and introduction and retrieval transfer means at ground level), in different and independent time periods which do not add to each other.

Description

This invention relates to a vertical stacking terminal for containers, comprising at least one corridor having at both sides thereof a plurality of storage or stacking compartments in a multiple-tier arrangement and designed to receive the containers, robot transfer carriages being provided in said oorridor which are movable along the corridor on horizontal runways located at each tier or level of storage compartments and which are intended to move the containers horizontally along the corridor and to introduce them into (ensilage) and retrieve them from (de-ensilage) the storage compartments, while at least at one end of the corridor there is provided a lifting unit for moving the incoming and outgoing containers vertically.
The robot carriages at each tier or level are generally constituted each by a bridge crane moving on respective horizontal runways at the corresponding level of stacking compartments and supporting a transfer trolley that carries a container, raising or lowering it as needed, and moves transversely of said runways so as to get off laterally from the bridge crane either to introduce and deposit a container into a storage compartment or to pick up and withdraw a container from a storage compartment. The lifting unit may be substantially constituted by an elevator.
In a known vertical stacking terminal for containers, the containers are handled by means of a container-supporting platform suspended from the cables of a bridge crane moving on horizontal runways provided along the top sides of a corridor. The bridge crane both carries the container--supporting platform to the selected storage compartment and effects the container ensilage and de-ensilage operations. Inward and outward handlings of containers into and from the terminal are also effected by said container-supporting platform, arranged at a suitable end location, with the aid of two roller-runways for the longitudinal transfer of containers and of two portal cranes for the transversal handlings to and from said roller-runways.
In another known vertical stacking terminal,the containers are handled by a complex machine that is substantially formed by a bridge crane which is movable horizontally on runways provided at the top of the corridor. This bridge crane supports a structure wherein a container--supporting platform suspended from the cables of the bridge crane can be moved vertically. By means of this platform, both the container ensilage/de-ensilage operations and the introduction/retrieval operations into and from the storage terminal are performed.
The disadvantage of these two known storage terminals is that a container is moved, in the various steps of its handling, by the same device or by devices which add their movements. In fact, the bridge crane provided at the top of the corridor functions as a transferring and lifting apparatus, so that the handling time per container is the sum of the operations of introduction and retrieval, lifting and lowering, ensilage and de-ensilage.
In a known vertical stacking terminal of the type described in the preamble, the robot carriages at each level are used also for the introduction (ingress) and retrieval (egress) operations into and from the terminal and are moved by the lifting unit together with the containers between the ground level and the selected stacking level. Thus, for example, a cycle for the introduction of a container into this known vertical stacking terminal is performed as follows: the robot carriage at a given level enters the lifting unit and is hauled down thereon to the ground level, where it moves out of the lifting unit and to a position underneath the loading means to receive a container therefrom. Thereafter, said robot carriage moves back to the lifting unit and is lifted thereby together with the container up to the selected tier or level of the stacking compartment wherein said container is to be stored. The robot carriage, then, moves out of the lifting unit and onto the runways of that tier to the selected storage compartment, where it introduces and deposits said container by suitable movements of its transfer trolley, whereafter said robot carriage moves back to the lifting unit. Obviously, a cycle for the retrieval of a container from the storage terminal is performed similarly with contrary movements.
The main disadvantage of this vertical stacking terminal for containers, is that the lifting unit can handle only one container by means of a robot carriage at a stacking level and together with said robot carriage, so that it must wait for the completion of the container loading and unloading operations onto and from the robot carriage at the ground level, with resulting waste of time. Moreover, despite of the fact that in this known vertical stacking terminal for containers the ensilage and de-ensilage operations are performed by a plurality of robot carriages at stacking levels and are partly separated from the introduction and retrieval operations, each cycle requires an additional operation for transferring an empty robot carriage to a tier which is devoid thereof, before beginning hauling down a container, because a container can be transported by the lifting unit only with the aid of a robot carriage of that tier. Therefore, in case a plurality of containers are to be retrieved from the same tier, after each hauling down or lifting up cycle of the lifting unit together with the robot carriage, said lifting unit must wait for the robot carriage to move to a storage compartment and perform the de-ensilage operations to retrieve the respective container and then to move together therewith back to said lifting unit. This known vertical stacking terminal for containers, therefore, has the disadvantage of summing the total time of the automatic handling cycle and the time for the ingress and egress operations, i. e. for loading and unloading a container at ground level. This summation of time periods results in a low rate of utilization of the terminal.
This invention aims to overcome said disadvantages of the heretofore known terminals, and in order to achieve this object it provides a vertical stacking terminal for containers, of the type described in the preamble and substantially characterized in that the lifting unit is provided with its container-holding means which either receives a container from the robot carriage at the stacking level or delivers a container thereto, while at the ground level ingress and egress transport means are provided which are adapted to receive a container from a loading or ingress area and deliver it to the container--holding means of the lifting unit, and to retrieve the container from the container-holding means of the lifting unit and transfer it to an unloading or egress area.
The vertical stacking terminal according to the invention, therefore, is characterized by the complete separation of the three basic operations, namely ensilage or de-ensilage, lifting up or hauling down, and ingress or egress of a container, said three operations being carried out by three respective different machines (robot carriages, lifting unit with its own container-holding means, and ingress and egress transport means at ground level), in different and independent time periods that never add to each other. The average operating time of the robot carriages at stacking level and of the ingress and egress transport means at ground level is always within the operating time of the lifting unit, regardless of the length of the corridor, so that the total time period of a cycle is only the operating time of the lifting unit. As a whole, the vertical stacking terminal according to the invention permits a considerable reduction of the total time period of a cycle, thus increasing considerably the average number of handlings per hour. By way of non-limitating example, by means of the vertical stacking terminal according to the invention 15 handlings per hour with a combination cycle and 22 handlings per hour with a single cycle can be performed. Bearing in mind that the average hourly number of containers handled by a quay operator is 13 during the loading of a ship and 18 during the unloading of a ship, it is evident that the vertical stacking terminal according to the invention can actually meet the quay requirements, i.e. it can carry out the loading and unloading of ships in a "real" time with no additional stay of the ship and assures a rational management of the terminal with limited costs.
The container-holding means of the lifting unit in the vertical stacking terminal according to the invention may be constructed in any suitable manner and comprises, in a preferred embodiment, a container-suspending frame (the so-called "spreader"). When the lifting unit is constituted by an elevator, the spreader is located in the upper portion of the cabin thereof and it may either have limited vertical movements to engage and disengage a container, or it may be fixed and in combination with means to raise and to lower the container in order to look it to the spreeader or unlook it therefrom. Moreover, in a preferred embodiment, the cabin of the elevator is provided at the bottom with two runway sections which can get into alignment with the runways of each tier of stackingcompartments to enable the robot oarriage at that stacking tier to get into or to get out of the oabin of said elevator.
Preferably, according to another characteristie of the invention, the two runway sections in the cabin of the elevator are arranged on two corresponding beams which are guided so as to move vertically in the structure of the cabin and may be moved to an upper position wherein they permit or facilitate the ingress into, egress from and transit through the cabin of the elevator, of the ingress and egress transport means at ground level.
Obviously, even if the lifting unit of the vertical stacking terminal according to the invention is provided with its own container-holding means and effects the vertical handling of a container (from ground level to a desired level of stacking compartments or vice versa, or from a level of stacking compartments to another one) without lifting up or hauling down a robot carriage with a container thereon, said lifting unit may also move a robot carriage (either empty or with a container), from a stacking level to another one, in compliance with the requirements and handling programs, and specifically when the number of robot carriages is lower than the number of stacking levels.
The iingress and egress transport means at ground level may be constructed in any suitable manner. Preferably, they comprise at least an ingress carriage and an egress carriage, movable on rails, the ingress carriage being designed to move from a loading area, where it receives a container to be introduced into the terminal, to the lifting unit in order to deliver said container to said container-holding means, and the egress carriage being designed to move from the lifting unit, where it receives an outgoing container from said holding means, to an unloading area where it discharges said container. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, beside the rails for the ingress and egress carriages at a side of the lifting unit on the corresponding end of the terminal, there is provided at least one pedestal for the incoming containers, to receive an incoming container from any suitable handing means, for example a portal or semi-portal crane or the like, and to permit an ingress carriage to pick up said container and deliver it to said container-holding means on the lifting unit, while on the opposite side of the lifting unit there is provided at least one pedestal for the outgoing containers to receive an outgoing container withdrawn by an egress carriage from the-container-holding means of the lifting unit, said container being then picked up from said pedestal by suitable handling means, for example, said portal or semi-portal crane.
Of course, instead of withdrawing the containers by means of an ingress carriage from a loading area and of delivering the containers by means of an egress carriage onto an unloading area, the containers may be directly loaded onto the ingress carriages or unloaded from the egress carriages by any handling means, for example a suitably modified portal or semi-portal crane. However, by picking up a container through an ingress carriage from a loading area, for example a pedestal for incoming containers, and by delivering a container through an egress carriage onto an unloading area, for example a pedestal for outgoing containers, the advantage is granted to provide - according to another characteristic of the invention - two or more pedestals for incoming and/or outgoing containers, thus obtaining a buffer storage of a limited number of containers at the ingress and/or egress side. By this arrangement, the loading and unloading operations carried-out by the container-holding means externally of the vertical stacking terminal are independent from the automatic operative cycle of said terminal.
According to another advantageous characteristic of the invention, each corridor of the vertical stacking terminal is provided with a lifting unit at each end thereof. If desired, specifically at ground level, at least one transfer carriage may be provided to transfer the containers from a lifting unit to the other one, thus improving even more the operative capacity. The two ends of the corridor and the respective equipments may be specially designed, for example, for quay service and for road service, respectively.
The vertical stacking terminal according to the invention permits a thoroughly centralized data processing through the entry from a console of input data and output programs. The control may be either completely automatic according to an input/output program or semi-automatic through the entry of the data of a container and request of an ingress or egress operation. In both cases, all the intermediate operations are optimized, managed and performed directly by the central computer in compliance with the pre-established cycles. The selection of the stacking compartment is effected by the central processor, for example, according to a casual logic and taking into account certain conditions contained in the program. In case of breakdown of the central processor, the controls may be performed manually with the aid of a memorized map of the stacking terminal and with performance in a real time. The possibility of a completely automatic management and the full reversibility of the introduction and retrieval operations at both sides of the stacking terminal, i.e. at both ends of the corridor, create such a capacity and flexibility as to ensure a satisfactory performance of peak traffic operations, even with the introduction of additional operations at any moment.
These and other characteristics of the invention and the advantages resulting therefrom will be evident from the following description of a preferred embodiment thereof which is shown diagrammatically by way of non-limitating example in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

! Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of a vertical stacking terminal for containers according to the invention;
Figure 2 is an elevational end view thereof;
Figure 3 is a vertical cross sectional view of the stacking terminal of Figures 1 and 2;
Figure 4 is a vertical cross sectional view of the corridor of the terminal, in registry with two superimposed tiers of stacking compartments with the respective robot carriages;
Figure 5 is a plan view of a robot carriage at stacking level;
Figure 6 is a cross sectional view of a robot carriage;
Figures 7 and 8 show diagrammatically the movement of the transfer trolley with respect to the corresponding bridge crane of a robot carriage;
Figure 9 is an elevational and front view of the cabin of the elevator constituting the lifting unit at an end of the corridor of the vertical stacking terminal;
Figure 10 is a top plan view of the floor of the cabin of Figure 9;
Figure 11 is a vertical cross sectional view of an ingress or egress carriage;
Figure 12 is a side elevational view of the carriage of Figure 11;
Figure 13 is a plan view thereof.

With reference to Figures 1 to 3, the vertical stacking terminal for containers comprises at least one corridor 1 having at both sides thereof a plurality of storage compartments 2 in a multiple-tier arrangement and designed to receive the containers C. The size and number of corridors 1 and stacking compartments 2, and therefore the number of containers C that can be received in the terminal depend upon the size of the containers C, the estimated yearly traffic, the maximum peak traffic and average dwell periods of the containers in the terminal. Preferably, and unlike the simplified illustration in the drawings, the vertical stacking terminal according to the invention comprises two parallel corridors 1 with respective stacking compartments 2. The stacking compartments 2 associated with one of the corridors 1 are intended for containers up to 20 ft. (6,1 m), and those associated with the other corridor 1 are intended for containers up to 40 ft. (12,2 m).
A lifting unit 3 is provided at least at one end, and preferably at both ends, of each corridor 1. Moreover, in each corridor 1 there are provided robot carriages 4 which are movable along the corridor on horizontal runways 5 located at each tier or level of stacking compartments 2 in registry with the bottom side thereof. The robot carriages 4 may be in any number which may vary from a minimum of three to a maximum depending upon the maximum number of tiers of storage compartments 2. In the drawings, we have shown, for descriptive purposes, one robot carriage 4 at each tier of storage compartments 2, but this is to be regarded as a limit case.
At ground level, at each end of the corridor/s 1 of the stacking terminal, i.e. at each end side thereof, there are provided at least one ingress carriage 6 and at least one egress carriage 6' which are movable along rails 7. Said rails 7 extend below the lifting unit/s 3 of the respective end side of the corridor/s 1 of the stacking terminal. Beside the rails 7 for the ingress and egress carriages 6, 6' the invention provides, at one side of the lifting unit 3, at least one and preferably two or more pedestals 8 for supporting the incoming containers and, at the opposite side of the lifting unit 3, at least one and preferably two or more pedestals 8' for the outgoing containers. The ingress carriage 6 moves between the lifting unit 3 and the pedestal/s 8 for the incoming containers, while the egress carriage 6' moves between the lifting unit 3 and the pedestal/s 8' for the outgoing containers. At least one portal or semi-portal crane for the loading and unloading operations (i.e. for handling the containers C between the quay and the stacking terminal and between the road and said terminal) may be moved to a position above the pedestals 8 and 8' at each end side of the stacking terminal. Preferably, one end side of the corridor/s of the stacking terminal and respective equipment may be specially deaigned for quay service, and the other end side of said corridor/s and respective equipment may be specially designed for road service.
At the outside, overhanging from the column of at least one of the lifting units 3, there may be provided a maintenance workhop 10 that also may serve as a store for robot carriages 4 and as an inlet and outlet area of robot carriages into and from the corridor 1. The vertical stacking terminal may comprise any suitable self-supporting structure wherein the differential distortions of the maximum dimension are within controlled limits so as to guarantee the correct operation of all the machines in the terminal. The stacking terminal may be suitably protected and covered and it may be aerated, for example by natural ventilation.
With particular reference to Figures 4 to 7, each robot transfer carriage 4 at stacking level comprises a bridge crane 11 having a framed construction of box-type beams and it moves through wheels 12 on runways 5. At least one wheel 12 at each end side of the bridge crane 11 is suitably powered at variable speed. A transfer trolley 13 movable transversely of the runways 5 and designed to carry a container C is mounted on the bridge crane 11. The transfer trolley 13 comprises a container-supporting platform 14 which may be lifted and lowered with respect to the trolley 13 with the aid of hydraulic jacks 15. In particular, the transfer trolley 14 moves through wheels 16 on rails 17 extending longitudinally of the bridge crane 11 from one end to the opposite end thereof, i.e. transversely of the runways 5, and getting aligned - when the bridge crane 4 is positioned in front of a pair of opposite stacking compartments 2 - with rails 18 provided on the bottom side of said stacking compartments 2. The transfer trolley 13 can then get off either of the opposite end sides of the bridge crane 11 and enter (by moving on the rails 17 of the bridge crane 11 and on the rails 18 of the stacking compartments 2) either of the opposite stacking compartments 2 in order to deposit therein (ensilage) or withdraw therefrom (de-ensilage) a container C, and thereafter it return to its position on the bridge crane 11.
Said movement of the transfer trolley 13 with respect to the bridge crane 11 may be effected by any suitable means. In the embodiment shown in the Figures 6, 7 and 8, an upper or top slider 19 and a lower or bottom slider 20 are arranged between the bridge crane 11 and transfer trolley 13. The lower slider 20 moves through wheels 120 on the bridge crane 11 longitudinally of the latter, i.e. parallelly to the rails 17 for the transfer trolley 13, while the upper slider 19 moves in the same direction through wheels 119 on the lower slider 20. The movement of the lower slider 20 with respect to the bridge crane 11 is effected by means of chains 21 which are secured at their ends to both ends of the lower slider 20 as indicated at 22 and are passed around corresponding driving sprocket wheels 23 mounted in the intermediate portion of the bridge crane 11. The movement of the upper slider 19 with respect to the lower slider 20 is effected by means of chains 25 which are passed around sprocket wheels 24 arranged at the ends of the lower slider 20 and secured at 26 to the intermediate portion of the bridge crane 11 and at 27 to the intermediate portion of the upper slider 19. Similarly, the movement of the transfer trolley 13 with respect to the upper slider 19 is effected by means of chains 28 which are passed around sprocket wheels 30 arranged at the ends of the upper slider 19 and secured at 29 to the intermediate portion of the transfer trolley 13. When the transfer trolley 13 is in its retracted position on the bridge crane 11, the condition of the assembly is as shown in Figure 7, the upper slider 19 and lower slider 20 being then in a central position between the bridge crane 11 and transfer trolley 13. By actuating the powered driving sprocket wheels 23 in either direction, the translatory movements will be automatically obtained of the lower slider 20 with respect to the bridge crane 11, of the upper slider 19 with respect to the lower slider 20, and of the transfer trolley 13 with respect to the upper slider 19. All these translatory movements take place in the same direction, i.e. toward either end of the robot carriage 4, and their summation corresponds to the stroke required by a transfer trolley 13 to enter either of the two opposite stacking compartments 2. This condition is shown in Figure 8. The translatory speed of the upper slider 19 is greater than that of the lower slider 20, so that the former may also be called "fast" slider 19, whilst the latter may also be called "slow" slider 20. The translatory speed of the transfer trolley 13 is greater than that of the upper fast slider 19. The return of the transfer trolley 13 from its extended position of Figure 8 (or from the extended position off the opposite end of the slider 11) back to its retracted position on the bridge crane 11 as shown in Figure 7 is obtained by a reverse operation, i.e. by actuating the powered sprocket wheels 23 in the opposite direction.
The robot carriage 4 has the following operative cycle: to carry out the ensilage, i.e. to store into a stacking compartment 2 a container C disposed (over the lowered container-supporting platform 14) on the transfer trolley . 13 retracted in its intermediate position on the bridge crane 11 (see the upper portion of Figure 4), the bridge crane 11 moves on the runways 5 at the respective tier to the desired stacking compartment 2. The container supporting platform 14 of the transfer trolley 13 is then raised by the hydraulic jacks 15, thus lifting the container C from the transfer trolley 13, and the latter is introduced as described above, together with the container C, into the stacking compartment 2, as shown in the lower portion of Figure 4. When the centainer C has been completely introduced into the stacking compartment 2, the container-supporting platform 14 is lowered to lay down the container C onto the suitable bearing members 32 in the stacking compartment 2. The transfer trolley 13, then, moves back onto the bridge crane 11 as described above. To carry out the de-ensilage, i.e. to retrieve a container C from a stacking compartment 2, the bridge crane moves on the runways 5 to the selected compartment and the transfer trolley 13 is introduced, with its container-supporting platform 14 in the lowered position, into the stacking compartment 2 under the container C which is now supported by the respective bearing members 32. The container-supporting platform 14 is then raised and picks up the container C by lifting it from the bearing members 32 of the compartment. The transfer trolley 13 is then moved back onto the bridge crane 11 and the container-supporting platform 14 is lowered, to lay down the container C onto the fixed structure of said transfer trolley 13.
Each lifting unit 3 is formed substantially by a hydraulically-operated elevator actuated by electrical motors, preferably of a.c. type. The cabin 33 of the elevator comprises at the bottom thereof two horizontal beams 133 each provided with a section of runway 105 which may get into alignment with the runways 5 at stacking level as shown particularly in the Figures 9 and 10. When the cabin 33 of an elevator has reached the level of a tier of stacking compartments 2, the sections of runways 105 of said cabin 33 constitute an extension of the runways 5 of that tier and, therefore, permit the robot carriage to move on said sections of runways 105 into and out of the cabin 33 of the elevator. The beams 133 of the elevator cabin 33 with their runway sections 105 are mounted in said cabin so as to be raised and lowered therein between a lower position for inlet and outlet of a robot carriage 4 (shown with solid lines in Figure 9) and an upper position (shown with dot-and-dash lines in Figure 9). For this purpose, the beams 133 supporting the runway sections 105 are secured to sliders 34 which are guided to slide vertically along guide members 35 of uprights 233 in the elevator cabin 33. The vertical displacement of said sliders 34 may be obtained, for example, by means of endless chains 36 which are secured at 136 to said sliders 34 and are passed around direction-changing sprocket wheels 236 mounted at the top and bottom ends of the uprights 233 and suitably powered.
In the upper portion of the elevator cabin 33 there are provided container-holding means constituted by a so--called "spreader", i.e. a frame 37 for suspending a container C. The suspending frame 37 is provided at the underside thereof with means 38 to hook or lock a container C. In this exemplary embodiment, the container-suspending frame 37 is fixed in the elevator cabin 33, but in an alternative embodiment it may be raised and lowered to at least a limited extent. This type of container--suspending frames (so-called "spreaders") and their container--locking means 38 are well known to those skilled in the art and, therefore, their detailed description may be omitted.
An ingress carriage 6 or egress carriage 6' at ground level is shown specifically in the Figures 11, 12 and 13. It is constituted by a railway type truck or the like moving on the rails 7 through wheels 39- Preferably, at least a pair of wheels 39 are actuated by a suitable motor 40, whereby said ingress and egress carriages 6, 6' are of self-propelled type. On each ingress or egress carriage 6, 6' there are provided one or more transfer trolleys 41 which are arranged side by side and are movable through wheels 42 along rails 43 which are secured to the carriage 6, 6' and are disposed transversely thereof, i.e. transversely of the rails 7. When an ingress or egress carriage 6, 6' has moved close to one side of a supporting pedestal 8 or 8' for the incoming or outgoing containers, respectively, the transverse rails 43 get into alignment with corresponding rails 143 provided on the container-supporting pedestal 8 or 8', whereby the transfer trolleys 41 of the carriage 6, 6' may be displaced, on the rails 43, 143, from the carriage 6, 6' onto the pedestal 8, 8' and then back onto the carriage 6, 6'. This displacement of the transfer trolley/s 41 may be obtained by any suitable actuating means, for example by means of linear actuators 44 of hydraulic or other nature. On the transfer trolley/s 41 there are provided container-supporting beams 45 which will bear a container C laid on the ingress or egress carriage 6, 6' and which can be raised and lowered by hydraulic jacks 46.
Of course, the ingress and/or egress carriages 6, 6' may be also constructed so that their transfer trolleys 41, with their respective container-raising and lowering means, may alternately get off either sides of the ingress and/or egress carriages 6, 6', to pick up and to lay down, as desired, a container from and onto container-supporting pedestals located at both sides of the rails 7.
The vertical stacking terminal for containers as described above has the following operative cycles, which are the same at both ends of the corridor 1, i.e. at both end sides of the terminal.

Single container ingress cycle

The crane 9 lays down a container C onto the bearing members 108 of a container-supporting pedestal 8 for incoming containers. An ingress carriage 6 moves along the rails 7 close to one side of said container-supporting pedestal 8, and its transfer trolley 41 moves out transversely and laterally, with its container-supporting beams 45 in the lowered position, to get onto the rails 143 of the container-supporting pedestal 8 underneath the container C. The container-supporting beams 45 of the transfer trolley 41 are then raised, to raise and pick up the container C from the container-bearing members 108 of the container-supporting pedestal 8. The transfer trolley 41 is then retracted back onto the ingress carriage 6, and the container-supporting beams 45 are lowered. The ingress carriage 6 then moves onto the rails 7 together with the container C to a position below the lifting unit 3 and then the empty elevator cabin 33 is lowered thereon. During the descent of the cabin 33, its bottom beams 133 with the runway sections 105 are raised to their upper position, shown with dot-and-dash lines in Figure 9, to permit or facilitate the entrance of the ingress carriage 6 with the container C into said cabin 33. The container C is then locked to the spreader 37. This result can be achieved by merely lowering the elevator cabin 33 and/or lowering the spreader 37, and/or by raising the container C by means of the container-supporting beams 45 and respective jacks 46 to a position where it will be engaged by the locking means 38. The elevator cabin 33, then, begins moving upward while the ingress carriage 6 is moved out of the lifting unit 3 and is returned to its original position beside container--supporting pedestal 8 for incoming containers.
During the upward movement of the elevator cabin 33, the beams 133 with their runway sections 105 are lowered to their lower position, shown with solid lines in Figure 9, so that they will be aligned, when the cabin 33 reaches the selected tier, with the runways 5 of that tier. The robot carriage 4 at the tier - with its transfer trolley 13 retracted on the bridge crane 11 and with its container --supporting platform 14 in the lowered position - will then enter the elevator cabin 33 and will withdraw the container C from the spreader 37. To achieve this result, said spreader 37 may be lowered to lay down the container C onto the transfer trolley 13 of the robot carriage 4 or - as in the illustrated embodiment of stationary spreader 37 - this result can be achieved by raising the entire robot carriage 4 by means of the vertically movable beams 133 and/or the container-supporting platform 14. Thereafter, the robot carriage 4 gets out of the elevator cabin 33 and moves to the runways 5 in registry with the pre-established stacking compartment 2, where it deposits the container C through the ensilage operation described above with reference to Figures 4 to 8.

Single container egress cycle

The selected container C is withdrawn from the respective stacking compartment 2 by the robot carriage 4 at stacking level and through the de-ensilage operation described above with reference to Figures 4 to 8, while the elevator cabin 33 is raised up to this level with its beams 133 and supported runway sections 105 in their lowered position as shown with solid lines in Figure 9. The robot carriage 4 enters the elevator cabin 33 and the container C is locked to the spreader 37 either by lowering said spreader 37 or by raising the entire robot carriage 4 by means of the vertically-movable beams 133 and/or by raising the container C alone by means of the container--supporting platform 14. The robot carriage 4 at stacking level, then, gets out of the elevator cabin 33 on the runway 5 at that tier, while the cabin 33 is lowered to ground level. During this descent, the bottom beams 133 with the runway sections 105 are raised to their upper position shown with dot-and-dash lines in Figure 9. In the meantime, an empty egress carriage 6' moves to a position below the lifting unit 3 and then the empty elevator cabin 33 is lowered thereon to lay down the container C onto said egress carriage 6'. This deposition of the container C onto the egress carriage 6' and subsequent unlocking thereof from the locking means 38 of the spreader 37 may also be obtained by merely lowering the elevator cabin 33 and or by lowering the spreader 37 and/or by raising the container-supporting beams 45 of the egress carriage 6'.
Thereafter, the egress carriage 6' with the container C gets out of the elevator cabin 33 by moving on the rails 7 and reaches close to one side of an egress container--supporting pedestal 8'. The transfer trolley 41 of the egress carriage 6' then moves transversely and laterally to the container-supporting pedestal 8', with the container--supporting beams 45 raised together with said container C, and - by moving on the rails 143 of the container supporting pedestal 8' - it brings the container C above the bearing members 108 of said pedestal 8'. The container-supporting beams 45 are then lowered to lay down the container C onto the bearing members 108 of the egress container-supporting pedestal 8', after which the transfer trolley 41 is retracted onto the egress carriage 6'. Thereafter, the crane 9 picks up the container C from the container-supporting pedestal 8' and lays it down onto a further transport means.

Combination ingress and egress cycle

A container C to be introduced into the terminal is laid down by the crane 9 onto an ingress container--supporting pedestal 8 and is then picked up therefrom by the ingress carriage 6 by means of its transfer carriage 41 as described above. At the same time, an egress carriage 6' moves to a position below the lifting unit 3, while a container C to be retrieved from the terminal is withdrawn (de-ensilage) from the respective stacking compartment 2 by means of the robot carriage 4 at stacking level as described above. The elevator cabin 33 moves to said level with the beams 133 and respective runway sections 105 in their lowered position. The robot carriage at stacking level enters the elevator oabin 33, delivers the container 0 to the spreader 37 and then gets out of the cabin 33 on the runways 5 at that tier. The elevator cabin 33 is then lowered to ground level and during this descent the beams 133 with the runway sections 105 are raised. At ground level, the elevator cabin 33 lays down the outgoing container C, as described above, onto the egress carriage 6' waiting there. The ingress oarriage 6 and egress oarriage 6' are then moved simultaneously, whereby the egress carriage 6' gets out of the cabin 33 and moves to a position beside an egress container-supporting pedestal 8', while the ingress carriage 6 enters the elevator cabin 33. The container C to be stored is picked up from the ingress carriage and locked to the spreader 37 of the elevator cabin 33 as described above, after which the cabin 33 is raised to the selected level comprising the stacking compartment 2 wherein the incoming container is to be stored. During the upward movement the beams 133 with the runway sections 105 are lowered. The robot carriage 4 of said tier then enters the elevator cabin 33, withdraws the container C from the spreader 37 as described above and then gets out of said cabin 33 together with the container C and moves to the front side of the selected stacking compartment 2 to introduce and lay down therein (ensilage) the container, as described above. At the same time, at ground level, the egress carriage 6' delivers the container C onto the egress container-supporting pedestal 8', as described above. The egress carriage 6' and ingress carriage 6 are then returned to their original positions, the former below the lifting unit 3 and the latter beside an ingress container-supporting pedestal 8, to repeat said cycle, while the crane 9 delivers onto the ingress container-supporting pedestal 8 a new container C to be stacked and retrieves the just withdrawn container C which has been laid down onto the egress container-supporting pedestal 8'.
If desired, and particularly at ground level, the invention may also provide a transfer carriage to transfer the containers between the two lifting units 3 at the two ends of at least one of the corridors 1 of the vertical stacking terminal. For this purpose, the crane 9 at an end side of the terminal may lay down a container on a suitable transit container-supporting pedestal, located beside the lifting unit 3. An ingress carriage 6 or egress carriage 6' located below the lifting unit picks up the container C from the transit container-supporting pedestal and transfers it onto said transfer carriage which will reach the lifting unit 3 located at the opposite end side of the terminal, where an ingress or egress carriage 6 or 6', located below the lifting unit, picks up the container from the transfer carriage and delivers it to the container--holding means of said lifting unit.
Each lifting unit may also be used for the simple transfer of a robot carriage 4 from one tier to another, while its beams 133 and runway sections 105 are in the lowered position, so that the robot carriage 4 available at a tier may enter the cabin 33 of the lifting unit 3 and get out therefrom after it has been transferred to another desired tier.
Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments here shown and described, but changes and modifications, especially of constructional nature, may be made thereto by utilizing, for example, technical or functional equivalents, without departing from the basic principle set forth above and claimed hereinafter.

Claims

1. A vertical stacking terminal for containers, comprising at least one corridor (1) having at both sides thereof a plurality of storage or stacking compartments (2) in a multiple-tier arrangement and designed to receive the containers (C), robot transfer carriages (4) being provided in said corridor and being movable along the corridor on horizontal runways (5) located at each tier or level of stacking compartments (2) and being intended to move the containers (C) horizontally along the corridor (1) and to introduce them into (ensilage) and retrieve them from (de-ensilage) said stacking compartments (2), while at least at one end of the corridor (1) there is provided a lifting unit (3) for moving the incoming and outgoing containers (C) vertically and for transferring them, if necessary, from a stacking compartment (2) to another, characterized in that said lifting unit (3) is provided with its own container-holding means (37) which receive a container (C) from the robot carriage (4) at that tier or delivers it thereto, while at ground level there are provided suitable ingress and egress transport means (6, 6') adapted to pick up a container (C) from a loading or ingress area and to deliver it to the container--holding means (37) of the lifting unit (3), and to pick up the container (C) from the container-holding means (37) of the lifting unit (3) and to transfer it to an unloading or egress area, thus separating from each other the three basic handlings of ensilage or de-ensilage, lifting up or hauling down, and ingress or egress of containers, and effecting these three operations by utilizing respective different means.

2. A stacking terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that the container-holding means (37) of the lifting unit (3) consist of a suspending frame (so-called "spreader") for a container.

3. A stacking terminal according to claim 2, wherein said lifting unit (3) is constituted by an elevator, characterized in that said spreader is located in the upper portion of the elevator cabin (33) and may have a limited vertical movement to lock and unlock the container, or it may be stationary in combination with means to raise and lower the container in order to lock it to and unlock it from said spreader.

4. A stacking terminal according to claim 3, characterized in that the elevator cabin (33) is provided at the bottom side thereof with two runway sections (105) adapted to get into alignment with the runways (5) at each tier of stacking compartments to permit the robot carriage of each tier to enter the elevator cabin and get out therefrom.

5. A stacking terminal according to claim 4, characterized in that the runway sections (105) in the elevator cabin are arranged on two corresponding beams (133) which are guided so as to move vertically within the structure of the cabin and which may be moved to an upper position wherein they permit and facilitate the ingress into and egress from the elevator cabin, and if desired the transit through said cabin, of the ingress and egress transport means at ground level.

6. A stacking terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that said ingress and egress transport means (6, 6') at ground level are constituted by at least an ingress carriage and an egress carriage movable along rails, the ingress carriage being movable between a loading area, where it receives a container to be introduced into the terminal, and the elevator cabin to delive the container to the container-supporting means thereof, and the egress carriage being movable between the elevator cabin to retrieve an outgoing container therefrom and an unloading area wherein it discharges said container.

7. A stacking terminal according to claim 6, characterized in that beside the rails whereon the ingress and egress carriages are movable at one side of the lifting unit at the corresponding end side of the terminal there is provided at least an ingress container-supporting pedestal (8, 8') whereon a container is laid down by any suitable handling means, for example a portal or semi-portal crane (9), and wherefrom a container is picked up by the ingress carriage to be delivered to the container--holding means (37) in the lifting unit (3), while at the outher side of the lifting unit there is provided at least one egress container-supporting pedestal whereon an outgoing container picked up from the container-holding means in the lifting unit is laid down by an egress carriage, said container being picked up from said egress container-supporting pedestal by any suitable handling means, for example the same portal or semi-portal crane.

8. A stacking terminal according to claim 6, characterized in that each ingress carriage and egress carriage is provided with at least one transfer trolley (41) which carries the container in combination with raising and lowering means thereof and may get off laterally, from the respective ingress or egress carriage, on transverse guides arranged thereon and on a container--supporting pedestal close to one side thereof, to pick up therefrom an incoming container or to deliver thereon an outgoing container.

9. A stacking terminal according to claim 6, characterized in that said ingress and egress carriages are self-propelled.

10. A stacking terminal according to claim 7, characterized in that an ingress carriage and an egress carriage are moved simultaneously in such a manner whereby when the ingress carriage is below the lifting unit the egress carriage is beside an egress container-supporting pedestal, whereas when the egress carriage is below the lifting unit the ingress carriage is beside an ingress container-supporting pedestal.

11. A stacking terminal according to claim 10, characterized in that it comprises two or more ingress oontainer-supporting pedestals or areas and/or two or more egress oontainer-supporting pedestals or areas.

12. A stacking terminal according to claim 7, oharacterized in that the incoming containers are loaded onto the ingress oarriage and the outgoing containers are unloaded from the egress oarriage directly by any handling means, for example by a suitably modified portal or semi-portal orane.

13. A stacking terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that each robot carriage (4) oomprises a bridge crane (11) movable on the runways at stacking level and provided with a transfer trolley (13) carrying the container in combination with means either to raise and to lower it and adapted to get off - with the aid of any suitable actuating means - from either end side of the bridge crane, moving on runways provided on said bridge crane and in each stacking compartment and transverse to the runways at the stacking level, so as to introduce and lay down (ensilage) an incoming container into a stacking compartment or to pick up and withdraw (de-ensilage) an outgoing container from a stacking compartment.

14. A stacking terminal according to claim 13, characterized in that said actuating means for the transfer trolley (13) are constituted by a slow bottom slider (20) and a fast top slider (19), both interposed between the bridge crane (11) and transfer trolley,(13) and slidably guided in the same direction as the latter, the slow slider having affixed to both ends thereof at least one chain which is passed around a driving sprocket wheel mounted in the intermediate portion of the bridge crane, at least another chain being secured to the intermediate portion of the bridge crane and to the intermediate portion of the top fast slider and being passed around direction-changing sprocket wheels provided at both ends of the slow bottom slider, and at least one further chain being secured to the intermediate portion of the transfer trolley and to the intermediate portion of the bottom slow slider and being passed around direction-changing sprocket wheels provided at the ends of the top fast slider, substantially as described and as shown in the Figures 6, 7 and 8.

15. A stacking terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least two parallel corridors with associated stacking compartments, one of said corridors and respective stacking compartments being intended for containers of a size which is different from that of the containers to be stacked in the stacking compartments of the other corridor.

16. A stacking terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that each corridor is provided with a lifting unit at each end thereof.

17. A stacking terminal according to claim 16, characterized by at least one transfer carriage adapted to transfer the containers from a lifting unit to the other one.

18. A staoking terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that the two ends of the oorridor/s of the vertical stacking terminal and the equipment thereof may be spectially designed one for quay service and the other one for road service.

19. A stacking terminal according claim 1, characterized in that on the side of at least one of the lifting units, opposite with respect to the associated corridor, there are provided and are served by said lifting unit a maintenance workshop and/or a store room for robot carriages and/or an area for ingress and egress of robot carriages into and from the corridor.