EP0128261A2 - Fuse link for an electrical fuse - Google Patents

Fuse link for an electrical fuse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0128261A2
EP0128261A2 EP84101159A EP84101159A EP0128261A2 EP 0128261 A2 EP0128261 A2 EP 0128261A2 EP 84101159 A EP84101159 A EP 84101159A EP 84101159 A EP84101159 A EP 84101159A EP 0128261 A2 EP0128261 A2 EP 0128261A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuse
coating
fusible conductor
melting point
silver
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP84101159A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0128261A3 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Dr. Böhm
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Evonik Operations GmbH
Original Assignee
Degussa GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Degussa GmbH filed Critical Degussa GmbH
Publication of EP0128261A2 publication Critical patent/EP0128261A2/en
Publication of EP0128261A3 publication Critical patent/EP0128261A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/055—Fusible members
    • H01H85/06—Fusible members characterised by the fusible material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/055—Fusible members
    • H01H85/08—Fusible members characterised by the shape or form of the fusible member
    • H01H85/11—Fusible members characterised by the shape or form of the fusible member with applied local area of a metal which, on melting, forms a eutectic with the main material of the fusible member, i.e. M-effect devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to fusible conductors for electrical fuses, consisting of an electrically highly conductive material with a relatively high melting point, such as silver or copper, which is completely or partially covered with a coating of a metal or an alloy with a relatively low melting point.
  • Electrical fuses protect electrical systems or devices from overcurrents.
  • the active part of such a fuse is a ribbon or wire-shaped fuse element made of an electrically highly conductive material with a relatively high melting point, which melts at impermissibly high currents.
  • Low short-circuit currents, which lead to long melting times, are a particular problem with electrical fuses.
  • frequent small overcurrents can cause the materials used to age.
  • Fusible conductors consist of pure metals, such as copper or silver, or their alloys. In most cases, all or part of them are coated with a material whose melting point is relatively low.
  • the layers can be made of tin, a tin-lead, a tin-zinc or other low-melting alloy, for example consist.
  • the support serves to diffuse into the base material, thereby increasing the resistance and thus leading to accelerated melting of the fuse element.
  • Such fuses are described for example in DE-OS 23 48 771. In the course of time, however, especially when the currents are just permissible, undesirable diffusion of these active alloys into the base material can occur. This changes the resistance of the fuse element and the response characteristic of the fuse.
  • This object was achieved in that an intermediate layer of a material is arranged between the fusible conductor material and the support, which is insoluble or poorly soluble in the fusible conductor material and is readily soluble in the molten state of the support material.
  • the intermediate layer acts as a diffusion barrier between the fuse element material and the support. As a result, it prevents the undesired diffusion of the support material into the fuse element material in the event of long-term stress without in turn diffusing into the fuse element material. Aging is therefore excluded. In the case of a short Finally, the diffusion barrier, which has a high solubility in the covering material, is dissolved and ineffective at the temperatures that arise. This ensures that the fuse blows quickly.
  • the material for the diffusion-blocking intermediate layer is preferably cobalt, iron or antimony in the case of copper as the fusible conductor material, or nickel and lead in the case of silver.
  • a particularly good diffusion barrier provides z.
  • B. is a thin layer of lead on silver. Lead is not soluble in silver. On the other hand, lead is soluble in soft solders containing tin, which are used as coating materials. The alloy composition of the soft solder can be chosen so that the diffusing lead lowers its melting point. This speeds up the reaction with the silver. Appropriate dimensions, geometry and material combination of the individual layers improve the selectivity of the current-time characteristic. This represents a major technical advance compared to the fuses used hitherto. For the mode of operation of these fusible conductors, it is irrelevant whether they are in the form of wires, strips or tubes.
  • bismuth alloys in particular bismuth alloys with 30% tin or 30% tin and 10% lead, have proven suitable as coating materials.
  • the figure shows schematically a cross section through a fuse element in tape form according to the invention.
  • a 0.05 mm thick intermediate layer (3) made of lead is arranged between the fusible conductor material (1) made of a 0.2 mm thick silver band and the 0.15 mm thick layer (2) made of tin.

Abstract

Ageing-resistant fuse links for electrical fuses consist of a fuse link material which is completely or partially covered with a coating of a metal or an alloy with a relatively low melting point. Between the fuse link material and the coating there is arranged an intermediate layer, the material of which is insoluble in the fuse link material but is readily soluble in the coating material in the fused liquid state.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft Schmelzleiter für elektrische Sicherungen, bestehend aus einem elektrisch gut leitenden Werkstoff mit relativ hohem Schmelzpunkt, wie Silber oder Kupfer, der ganz oder teilweise mit einer Auflage aus einem Metall oder einer Legierung mit einem relativ niedrigen Schmelzpunkt bedeckt ist.The invention relates to fusible conductors for electrical fuses, consisting of an electrically highly conductive material with a relatively high melting point, such as silver or copper, which is completely or partially covered with a coating of a metal or an alloy with a relatively low melting point.

Elektrische Sicherungen schützen elektrische Anlagen oder Geräte vor Überströmen. Der aktive Teil einer solchen Sicherung ist ein band- oder drahtförmiger Schmelzleiter aus einem elektrisch gut leitenden Werkstoff mit relativ hohem Schmelzpunkt, der bei unzulässig hohen Strömen durchschmilzt. Ein besonderes Problem bei elektrischen Sicherungen stellen niedrige Kurzschlußströme dar, die zu langen Abschmelzzeiten führen. Darüberhinaus können häufige geringe Überströme zu einer Alterung der verwendeten Werkstoffe führen.Electrical fuses protect electrical systems or devices from overcurrents. The active part of such a fuse is a ribbon or wire-shaped fuse element made of an electrically highly conductive material with a relatively high melting point, which melts at impermissibly high currents. Low short-circuit currents, which lead to long melting times, are a particular problem with electrical fuses. In addition, frequent small overcurrents can cause the materials used to age.

Schmelzleiter bestehen aus reinen Metallen, wie Kupfer oder Silber, oder deren Legierungen. In den meisten Fällen sind sie ganz oder teilweise mit einer Auflage aus einem Material versehen, dessen Schmelzpunkt relativ niedrig liegt. Die Auflagen können beispielsweise aus Zinn, einer Zinn-Blei-, einer Zinn-Zink- oder einer sonstigen niedrigschmelzenden Legierung bestehen. Die Auflage dient dazu, in den Grundwerkstoff einzudiffundieren, dadurch den Widerstand zu erhöhen und somit zum beschleunigten Durchschmelzen des Schmelzleiters zu führen. Solche Sicherungen sind beispielsweise in der DE-OS 23 48 771 beschrieben. Im Laufe der Zeit kann es jedoch, besonders bei gerade noch zulässigen Strömen, zu unerwünschter Eindiffusion dieser Wirklegierungen in den Grundwerkstoff kommen. Dadurch ändert sich der Widerstand der Schmelzleiter und die Ansprechcharakteristik der Sicherung.Fusible conductors consist of pure metals, such as copper or silver, or their alloys. In most cases, all or part of them are coated with a material whose melting point is relatively low. The layers can be made of tin, a tin-lead, a tin-zinc or other low-melting alloy, for example consist. The support serves to diffuse into the base material, thereby increasing the resistance and thus leading to accelerated melting of the fuse element. Such fuses are described for example in DE-OS 23 48 771. In the course of time, however, especially when the currents are just permissible, undesirable diffusion of these active alloys into the base material can occur. This changes the resistance of the fuse element and the response characteristic of the fuse.

Es war daher Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, einen Schmelzleiter für elektrische Sicherungen zu schaffen, bestehend aus einem elektrisch gut leitenden Werkstoff mit relativ hohem Schmelzpunkt, wie Silber oder Kupfer, der ganz oder teilweise mit einer Auflage aus einem Metall oder einer Legierung mit einem relativ niedrigen Schmelzpunkt bedeckt ist, der auch bei hoher, aber noch zulässiger Strombelastung nicht altert und bei Überlastung trotzdem sicher anspricht.It was therefore an object of the present invention to provide a fusible conductor for electrical fuses, consisting of an electrically highly conductive material with a relatively high melting point, such as silver or copper, which is wholly or partly coated with a metal or an alloy with a relatively low Melting point is covered, which does not age even with a high, but still permissible current load and still responds reliably when overloaded.

Diese Aufgabe wurde erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß zwischen dem Schmelzleiterwerkstoff und der Auflage eine Zwischenschicht aus einem Material angeordnet ist, das im Schmelzleiterwerkstoff unlöslich bzw. schwerlöslich und im Auflagematerial im schmelzflüssigen Zustand gut löslich ist.This object was achieved in that an intermediate layer of a material is arranged between the fusible conductor material and the support, which is insoluble or poorly soluble in the fusible conductor material and is readily soluble in the molten state of the support material.

Die Zwischenschicht wirkt als Diffusionsbarriere zwischen Schmelzleiterwerkstoff und Auflage. Dadurch verhindert sie die unerwünschte Eindiffusion des Auflagematerials bei Langzeitbeanspruchung in den Schmelzleiterwerkstoff, ohne ihrerseits in den Schmelzleiterwerkstoff einzudiffundieren. Somit ist eine Alterung ausgeschlossen. Im Fall eines Kurzschlusses wird die Diffusionsbarriere, die eine hohe Löslichkeit im Auflagematerial besitzt, bei den entstehenden Temperaturen aufgelöst und unwirksam. Damit ist ein schnelles Durchschmelzen der Sicherung gewährleistet.The intermediate layer acts as a diffusion barrier between the fuse element material and the support. As a result, it prevents the undesired diffusion of the support material into the fuse element material in the event of long-term stress without in turn diffusing into the fuse element material. Aging is therefore excluded. In the case of a short Finally, the diffusion barrier, which has a high solubility in the covering material, is dissolved and ineffective at the temperatures that arise. This ensures that the fuse blows quickly.

Als Material für die diffusionssperrende Zwischenschicht verwendet man vorzugsweise Kobalt, Eisen oder Antimon bei Kupfer als Schmelzleitwerkstoff, oder Nickel und Blei bei Silber. Eine besonders gute Diffusionssperre stellt z. B. eine dünne Bleischicht auf Silber dar. Blei ist in Silber nicht löslich. Andererseits ist Blei löslich in zinnhaltigen Weichloten, die als Auflagematerialien verwendet werden. Die Legierungszusammensetzung des Weichlotes kann so gewählt werden, daß durch das eindiffundierende Blei dessen Schmelzpunkt gesenkt wird. Dadurch wird die Reaktion mit dem Silber beschleunigt. Durch geeignete Abmessung, Geometrie und Werkstoffkombination der einzelnen Schichten wird bei der Strom-Zeit-Kennlinie eine bessere Selektivität erreicht. Dies stellt gegenüber den bisher verwendeten Sicherungen einen großen technischen Fortschritt dar. Für die Wirkungsweise dieser Schmelzleiter ist es ohne Bedeutung, ob sie draht-, band- oder röhrenförmig vorliegen.The material for the diffusion-blocking intermediate layer is preferably cobalt, iron or antimony in the case of copper as the fusible conductor material, or nickel and lead in the case of silver. A particularly good diffusion barrier provides z. B. is a thin layer of lead on silver. Lead is not soluble in silver. On the other hand, lead is soluble in soft solders containing tin, which are used as coating materials. The alloy composition of the soft solder can be chosen so that the diffusing lead lowers its melting point. This speeds up the reaction with the silver. Appropriate dimensions, geometry and material combination of the individual layers improve the selectivity of the current-time characteristic. This represents a major technical advance compared to the fuses used hitherto. For the mode of operation of these fusible conductors, it is irrelevant whether they are in the form of wires, strips or tubes.

Als Auflagematerialien haben sich neben Zinn, Zink und deren Legierungen vor allem auch Wismutlegierungen bewährt, insbesondere Wismutlegierungen mit 30 % Zinn bzw. 30 % Zinn und 10 % Blei.In addition to tin, zinc and their alloys, bismuth alloys, in particular bismuth alloys with 30% tin or 30% tin and 10% lead, have proven suitable as coating materials.

Die Abbildung zeigt schematisch in beispielhafter Ausführungsform einen Querschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Schmelzleiter in Bandform. Zwischen dem Schmelzleitwerkstoff (1) aus einem 0,2 mm dicken Silberband und der 0,15 mm starken Auflage (2) aus Zinn ist eine 0,05 mm starke Zwischenschicht (3) aus Blei angeordnet.In an exemplary embodiment, the figure shows schematically a cross section through a fuse element in tape form according to the invention. A 0.05 mm thick intermediate layer (3) made of lead is arranged between the fusible conductor material (1) made of a 0.2 mm thick silver band and the 0.15 mm thick layer (2) made of tin.

Claims (2)

1. Schmelzleiter für elektrische Sicherungen, bestehend aus einem elektrisch gut leitenden Werkstoff mit relativ hohem Schmelzpunkt, wie Silber oder Kupfer, der ganz oder teilweise mit einer Auflage aus einem Metall oder einer Legierung mit einem relativ niedrigen Schmelzpunkt bedeckt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen dem Schmelzleiterwerkstoff (1) und der Auflage (2) eine Zwischenschicht (3) aus einem Material angeordnet ist, das im Schmelzleiterwerkstoff unlöslich bzw. schwerlöslich und im Auflagematerial im schmelzflüssigen Zustand gut löslich ist.1. Fusible conductor for electrical fuses, consisting of an electrically highly conductive material with a relatively high melting point, such as silver or copper, which is completely or partially covered with a coating of a metal or an alloy with a relatively low melting point, characterized in that between the fuse element material (1) and the support (2) an intermediate layer (3) is arranged from a material which is insoluble or sparingly soluble in the fuse element material and is readily soluble in the coating material in the molten state. 2. Schmelzleiter für elektrische Sicherungen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Material für die Zwischenschicht (3) bei Kupfer als Schmelzleiterwerkstoff (1) Kobalt, Eisen oder Antimon, bei Silber als Schmelzleiterwerkstoff (1) Nickel oder Blei verwendet wird.2. Fusible conductor for electrical fuses according to claim 1, characterized in that the material for the intermediate layer (3) with copper as the fusible conductor material (1) cobalt, iron or antimony, with silver as the fusible conductor material (1) nickel or lead is used.
EP84101159A 1983-05-28 1984-02-04 Fuse link for an electrical fuse Withdrawn EP0128261A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3319488 1983-05-28
DE3319488 1983-05-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0128261A2 true EP0128261A2 (en) 1984-12-19
EP0128261A3 EP0128261A3 (en) 1985-10-09

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EP84101159A Withdrawn EP0128261A3 (en) 1983-05-28 1984-02-04 Fuse link for an electrical fuse

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DK (1) DK60784A (en)
NO (1) NO840070L (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3638943A1 (en) * 1985-11-15 1987-05-21 Fuji Electric Co Ltd FUSE PROTECTION
US5139883A (en) * 1989-05-09 1992-08-18 Grigory Raykhtsaum Intermetallic time-temperature integration fuse
WO2001086684A1 (en) * 2000-05-08 2001-11-15 Abb Research Ltd Fusible element, method for production thereof, safety circuit and fuse
EP2860750A1 (en) * 2013-10-11 2015-04-15 Littelfuse, Inc. Barrier layer to improve performance of electrical fuses utilizing the Metcalf effect

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH303424A (en) * 1951-01-19 1954-11-30 Elektrotechnische Spezialfabri Short-circuit-proof, electrical fuse.
FR1106344A (en) * 1953-08-07 1955-12-16 D App Electr Sprecher & Schuh Safety fuse
DE1290239B (en) * 1963-05-10 1969-03-06 Siemens Ag Electric fuse
CH553478A (en) * 1972-06-15 1974-08-30 Schurter Ag H CARRIER MELT INSERT.
GB2089148A (en) * 1980-11-27 1982-06-16 Wickmann Werke Gmbh Electrical fuse

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH303424A (en) * 1951-01-19 1954-11-30 Elektrotechnische Spezialfabri Short-circuit-proof, electrical fuse.
FR1106344A (en) * 1953-08-07 1955-12-16 D App Electr Sprecher & Schuh Safety fuse
DE1290239B (en) * 1963-05-10 1969-03-06 Siemens Ag Electric fuse
CH553478A (en) * 1972-06-15 1974-08-30 Schurter Ag H CARRIER MELT INSERT.
GB2089148A (en) * 1980-11-27 1982-06-16 Wickmann Werke Gmbh Electrical fuse

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3638943A1 (en) * 1985-11-15 1987-05-21 Fuji Electric Co Ltd FUSE PROTECTION
US5139883A (en) * 1989-05-09 1992-08-18 Grigory Raykhtsaum Intermetallic time-temperature integration fuse
WO2001086684A1 (en) * 2000-05-08 2001-11-15 Abb Research Ltd Fusible element, method for production thereof, safety circuit and fuse
US6791448B2 (en) 2000-05-08 2004-09-14 Abb Research Ltd Fusible element, method for production thereof, safety circuit and fuse
EP2860750A1 (en) * 2013-10-11 2015-04-15 Littelfuse, Inc. Barrier layer to improve performance of electrical fuses utilizing the Metcalf effect

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK60784D0 (en) 1984-02-10
NO840070L (en) 1984-11-29
DK60784A (en) 1984-11-29
EP0128261A3 (en) 1985-10-09

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Inventor name: BOEHM, WOLFGANG, DR.