EP0126550A1 - Articles coulés par solidification dirigée - Google Patents

Articles coulés par solidification dirigée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0126550A1
EP0126550A1 EP84302679A EP84302679A EP0126550A1 EP 0126550 A1 EP0126550 A1 EP 0126550A1 EP 84302679 A EP84302679 A EP 84302679A EP 84302679 A EP84302679 A EP 84302679A EP 0126550 A1 EP0126550 A1 EP 0126550A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
article
mould
seed
crystals
crystal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP84302679A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Brian Paine
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AE PLC
Original Assignee
AE PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AE PLC filed Critical AE PLC
Publication of EP0126550A1 publication Critical patent/EP0126550A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
    • B22D27/045—Directionally solidified castings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to casting articles by directional solidification, a process which is favoured when the article to be produced benefits from having a particular crystallographic structure/ orientation, e.g. turbine blades.
  • the melt is cooled at a water cooled copper chill plate where nucleation occurs randomly at first, but which, after an initial growth zone, develops into a reasonably uniform grain growth pattern.
  • a structure is produced composed of a number of crystals having a primary vertical grain growth direction and a lateral grain growth abutting adjacent crystals to form finite continuous grain boundaries.
  • the general objective is to achieve a direction of crystal growth wherein the primary 001 growth direction of the crystal follows essentially the major stress axis of the component and for this direction of growth to be generally axial with respect to the geometry of the article.
  • a method for producing a cast article having a specific crystallographic orientation relative to the goemetry of the article which comprises: forming a mould, locating relative to the mould cavity a seed crystal which has been calibrated to determine the angle and direction of inclination of its 100 plane relative to a reference direction, arranging the seed crystal so that the orientation of its 100 plane coincides with that desired in the article relative to the geometry of the article, admitting to the mould in the molten state the material from which the article is to be cast, and cooling the mould so that solidification of the cast article takes place in a direction away from the seed crystal.
  • the seed crystals may be produced by any convenient method, for example by way of a growth restrictor which may be in a helical form or alternatively by "cloning" from existing seed crystals. They are preferably calibrated by an X-ray diffraction technique to determine the angle of inclination of the 100 plane from a reference direction and the direction of inclination is preferably marked on the seed crystal relative to a reference line marked along the length of the seed crystal.
  • the seed crystal may be located within the mould cavity after the mould has been completely formed. If the mould is made by a lost-wax process, then the seed crystal may be located at the wax assembly stage.
  • a plurality of seed crystals are located relative to the mould cavity and arranged so that the orientation of their 100 planes coincides with that desired in corresponding crystals making up the article. In this way, it may be possible to produce an article made up from a specific number of directionally solidified grains, each having its own optimum crystallographic orientation.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show a calibrated seed crystal.
  • the seed crystal is elongate and cylindrical in shape It has a central axis X-X and a reference line O-O parallel to X-X inscribed upon its outer surface.
  • the inclination 6 of the 100 plane relative to the axis X-X and the reference line O-O is determined by an X-ray diffraction technique. This inclination is indicated by the arrow A.
  • the direction of the inclination of the 100 plane is indicated by a point Y on the circumference of the seed crystal.
  • the 100 plane of the seed crystal is inclined by an angle ⁇ relative to the X - X reference axis in a direction towards the point Y from the X-X reference axis.
  • Figure 3 shows schematically in Figure 3 in which the 100 plane of a notional cube is cross-hatched.
  • Figure 4 shows the casting of a turbine blade 11.
  • the turbine blade is composed of six individual metal crystals 12 to 18 each having its 100 plane in a particular desired orientation.
  • the apparatus used to cast the turbine blade comprises a chill plate 19 having a bayonet fitting 20 and upon which a ceramic mould 21 is located.
  • the mould may have conveniently been produced by a conventional lost-wax process.
  • the mould cavity comprises a starter block 22, above that a blade section 23, and below the starter block, a seed block 24.
  • a molten alloy inlet 25 leads into the mould cavity.
  • molten alloy may be introduced through the major mould aeorfoil cavity or any other suitable direction above the seed crystal or crystals.
  • the blade section 23 has a contour which corresponds to the desired contour of the finished product.
  • the starter block 22 is merely a zone in which crystal growth is allowed to develop as a result of directional solidification.
  • the seed block 24 comprises a series of cylindrical bores 32 to 38.
  • the bores 32 to 38 are intended to receive seed crystals 42 to 48 which are of the same alloy as that of the component to be cast and which act as starters for the metal crystals 13 to 18 making up the final turbine blade.
  • Each bore 32 to 38 is therefore marked with a point Z with which the corresponding point Y on the appropriate seed crystal is aligned prior to moulding so that the eventual crystals 13 to 18 have the desired crystallographic orientation.
  • Each seed crystal 42 to 48 is fixed in position with the aid of a ceramic air-drying cement. In an alternative method, the seed crystals 42 to 48 can be located in position at the wax assembly stage.
  • the molten casting alloy is admitted to the mould cavity via the alloy inlet 25.
  • the seed crystals are then partially melted back and then directionally solidified grains with the same crystallographic orientation as the seeds develop growing upwards to the blade section 23 via the starter block.22.
  • the crystallographic orientation of the seed crystals is reproduced in the crystals making up the solidified casting alloy.
  • the 100 planes of the crystals making up the blade section 23 are generally inclined towards the convex surface of the aerofoil section with the exception of the end crystals which lean towards the component trailing edge and the component leading edge. These directions are indicated by the arrows A.
  • this particular crystallographic orientation is merely an example and it will be appreciated that any alternative crystallographic orientation may be achieved if desired, using the same general method, including control of the relative orientation of crystal to crystal for property optimisation and grain boundary defect minimisation.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
EP84302679A 1983-04-21 1984-04-19 Articles coulés par solidification dirigée Withdrawn EP0126550A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8310852 1983-04-21
GB838310852A GB8310852D0 (en) 1983-04-21 1983-04-21 Casting articles by directional solidification

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0126550A1 true EP0126550A1 (fr) 1984-11-28

Family

ID=10541452

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84302679A Withdrawn EP0126550A1 (fr) 1983-04-21 1984-04-19 Articles coulés par solidification dirigée

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0126550A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS59207894A (fr)
GB (1) GB8310852D0 (fr)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0477136A1 (fr) * 1990-09-21 1992-03-25 Sulzer Innotec Ag Procédé pour fabriquer des pièces coulées par solidification dirigée ou monocristalline
GB2266066A (en) * 1992-04-13 1993-10-20 Sulzer Mtu Casting Technolgy G Casting of directionally solidified articles using a plurality of moulds
US5275227A (en) * 1990-09-21 1994-01-04 Sulzer Brothers Limited Casting process for the production of castings by directional or monocrystalline solidification
EP1093872A1 (fr) * 1999-10-22 2001-04-25 General Electric Company Procédé pour contrôler la distance des grains de cristaux dans des moulages a solidification orientée
US6497272B1 (en) * 1999-10-14 2002-12-24 Howmet Research Corporation Single crystal casting mold
CN1332070C (zh) * 2004-12-24 2007-08-15 中国科学院金属研究所 一种籽晶法定向凝固起始端结构及其应用
WO2020112087A1 (fr) * 2018-11-27 2020-06-04 General Electric Company Dispositifs de sélection à grains multiples, procédés de fabrication d'articles à grains colonnaires utilisant les dispositifs de sélection et articles à grains colonnaires fabriqués à l'aide des dispositifs de sélection
EP3685937A1 (fr) * 2014-01-28 2020-07-29 United Technologies Corporation Pièce coulée et procédé de formation d'une microstructure monocristalline à textures multiples
GB2590401A (en) * 2019-12-16 2021-06-30 Rolls Royce Plc Single crystal casting
US11198175B2 (en) 2019-10-04 2021-12-14 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Arcuate seed casting method
US11377753B2 (en) 2019-10-04 2022-07-05 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Arcuate seed casting method
US11383295B2 (en) 2019-10-04 2022-07-12 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Arcuate seed casting method

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2909844A1 (de) * 1978-03-20 1979-09-27 Remet Corp Verfahren zur herstellung einer giessform
GB2030233A (en) * 1978-09-16 1980-04-02 Rolls Royce Gas turbine engine blade
EP0034021A1 (fr) * 1980-01-30 1981-08-19 Trw Inc. Procédé pour la coulée d'un article monocristallin en un métal ou alliage métallique
EP0059549B1 (fr) * 1981-03-02 1987-06-16 PCC Airfoils, Inc. Procédé de coulée d'un objet

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2909844A1 (de) * 1978-03-20 1979-09-27 Remet Corp Verfahren zur herstellung einer giessform
GB2030233A (en) * 1978-09-16 1980-04-02 Rolls Royce Gas turbine engine blade
EP0034021A1 (fr) * 1980-01-30 1981-08-19 Trw Inc. Procédé pour la coulée d'un article monocristallin en un métal ou alliage métallique
EP0059549B1 (fr) * 1981-03-02 1987-06-16 PCC Airfoils, Inc. Procédé de coulée d'un objet

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5275227A (en) * 1990-09-21 1994-01-04 Sulzer Brothers Limited Casting process for the production of castings by directional or monocrystalline solidification
EP0477136A1 (fr) * 1990-09-21 1992-03-25 Sulzer Innotec Ag Procédé pour fabriquer des pièces coulées par solidification dirigée ou monocristalline
GB2266066A (en) * 1992-04-13 1993-10-20 Sulzer Mtu Casting Technolgy G Casting of directionally solidified articles using a plurality of moulds
GB2266066B (en) * 1992-04-13 1995-11-22 Sulzer Mtu Casting Technolgy G Casting unit for producing a plurality of cast parts
US6497272B1 (en) * 1999-10-14 2002-12-24 Howmet Research Corporation Single crystal casting mold
EP1093872A1 (fr) * 1999-10-22 2001-04-25 General Electric Company Procédé pour contrôler la distance des grains de cristaux dans des moulages a solidification orientée
US6343641B1 (en) 1999-10-22 2002-02-05 General Electric Company Controlling casting grain spacing
CN1332070C (zh) * 2004-12-24 2007-08-15 中国科学院金属研究所 一种籽晶法定向凝固起始端结构及其应用
EP3685937A1 (fr) * 2014-01-28 2020-07-29 United Technologies Corporation Pièce coulée et procédé de formation d'une microstructure monocristalline à textures multiples
WO2020112087A1 (fr) * 2018-11-27 2020-06-04 General Electric Company Dispositifs de sélection à grains multiples, procédés de fabrication d'articles à grains colonnaires utilisant les dispositifs de sélection et articles à grains colonnaires fabriqués à l'aide des dispositifs de sélection
US20210394261A1 (en) * 2018-11-27 2021-12-23 General Electric Company Multi-grain selector devices, methods for manufacturing columnar grained articles using the selector devices, and columnar grained articles manufactured using the selector devices
US11931801B2 (en) * 2018-11-27 2024-03-19 Ge Infrastructure Technology Llc Multi-grain selector devices, methods for manufacturing columnar grained articles using the selector devices, and columnar grained articles manufactured using the selector devices
US11198175B2 (en) 2019-10-04 2021-12-14 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Arcuate seed casting method
US11377753B2 (en) 2019-10-04 2022-07-05 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Arcuate seed casting method
US11383295B2 (en) 2019-10-04 2022-07-12 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Arcuate seed casting method
US12005493B2 (en) 2019-10-04 2024-06-11 Rtx Corporation Arcuate seed casting method
GB2590401A (en) * 2019-12-16 2021-06-30 Rolls Royce Plc Single crystal casting

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB8310852D0 (en) 1983-05-25
JPS59207894A (ja) 1984-11-26

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PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

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Effective date: 19850729

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Inventor name: PAINE, BRIAN