EP0124809A1 - Inductive element - Google Patents

Inductive element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0124809A1
EP0124809A1 EP84104376A EP84104376A EP0124809A1 EP 0124809 A1 EP0124809 A1 EP 0124809A1 EP 84104376 A EP84104376 A EP 84104376A EP 84104376 A EP84104376 A EP 84104376A EP 0124809 A1 EP0124809 A1 EP 0124809A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
core
winding
inductive component
component according
package
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Granted
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EP84104376A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0124809B1 (en
Inventor
Ejub Dipl.-Ing. Mesic
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BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
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BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
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Priority to AT84104376T priority Critical patent/ATE26361T1/en
Publication of EP0124809A1 publication Critical patent/EP0124809A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
    • H01F27/22—Cooling by heat conduction through solid or powdered fillings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
    • H01F27/085—Cooling by ambient air

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an inductive component according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for its operation.
  • Such a component is a long-known basic element of electrical engineering, for example as a transformer with primary and secondary windings for converting alternating voltages and currents or as a choke for smoothing pulsating direct currents.
  • a transformer with primary and secondary windings for converting alternating voltages and currents or as a choke for smoothing pulsating direct currents.
  • thyristor-equipped converter circuits for a variety of applications in drive technology, e.g.
  • such throttles have opened up in particular, which are characterized on the one hand by high thermal stability and stability, and on the other hand by a construction that is as compact as possible.
  • spacer rods made of an insulating material are staggered between different layers so that channel-like passages are formed on both sides of the rods during winding due to the internal stress of the winding wires, through which convective or forced cooling of the inner coil areas can take place.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to create an inductive component, the thermal load capacity of which is noticeably improved compared to the components of the known type in a manner which is simple to implement and without increasing the external dimensions.
  • the task is in an inductive component of the type mentioned by the features from the kenn drawing part of claim 1 solved.
  • the essence of the invention is to use the core of the inductive component for heat dissipation. Due to the close thermal contact between the winding and the core outer part, which results from the small width of the winding gap and / or its filling with a solid insulating material, the heat is transferred straight from the thermally particularly stressed coil section within the core area directly to the core and passed on to the outer surfaces due to the good thermal conductivity of the core.
  • the core serves as an additional heat store, which absorbs the winding heat that occurs during brief overloading and thus brings about a temperature compensation to subcritical values.
  • the core of the inductive component is composed in a manner known per se as a package from transformer sheets. Although the sheets are arranged in the stack with insulating intermediate layers because of the eddy current losses, the stack is nevertheless oriented in such a way that good heat conduction results straight from the winding outwards, perpendicular to the surface normal of the sheets.
  • an inductive one is obtained Component in which the package of the core is subdivided into partial packages to enlarge the heat transfer surface and the partial packages are separated from one another by spacers and form cooling channels within the core. This makes it possible to multiply the heat output from the core to the exterior in comparison to the one-piece core and to make the cooling even more effective.
  • the method for operating an inductive component according to the invention is characterized in that the core is brought into contact with a cooling medium, preferably air, over a large area and the heat generated in the winding is released to the cooling medium via the core.
  • a cooling medium preferably air
  • the large surface of the core can be used for heat dissipation to the outside.
  • the cooling with the cooling medium is forced, e.g. by means of a blower.
  • FIG. 1 An example of an inductive component with an EI core 2 is shown in plan view in FIG. 1.
  • the core 2 which forms a largely closed, magnetic circuit, can be divided into an inner core Part 6 and core outer parts 7.
  • the core inner part 6 is enclosed by a winding 1, which is wound in the usual way from a wire and the number of turns of which is matched to the electrical and magnetic properties of the component.
  • the hatched winding inner regions l 'of the winding 1 are in turn enclosed by the core 2, so that the heat generated in them in the previously known components within the winding 1 is transported to the outside and has to be released there to the environment because the core outer parts 7 are direct 'prevented cooling of the winding sense regions 1 with a cooling medium, and direct heat transfer to the core outer parts 7 due to the poor thermal contact by a relatively large air-filled coil gap 8 between the winding sense regions 1 1 and the core outer portions 7 was not possible.
  • the winding 1 is in close thermal contact with the core outer parts 7.
  • the winding gap 8 is filled with a solid insulating material instead of the very poorly heat-conducting air and / or the width d of the winding gap 8 is chosen to be less than 0.5 mm. Due to the close thermal contact, the heat from the inner winding areas 1 ′ can be given off directly to the core outer parts 7 and, because of the good thermal conductivity of the core 2, can be dissipated to the surroundings via its outer surface.
  • winding gap 8 It is particularly advantageous to design the winding gap 8 with a width of approximately 0.2 mm, because then, on the one hand, sufficient space remains when the winding is inserted into the core so as not to endanger the insulation of the winding, and on the other hand only a little additional Material must be used to fill the winding gap, which has a favorable influence on the thermal contact.
  • the winding gap 8 can be filled, for example, by the vacuum impregnation method known per se, gaps with a larger width being able to be filled with fiber mats before the impregnation.
  • FIG. 2 shows the inductive component according to FIG. 1 in a side view. It can clearly be seen how the sides of the winding 1 facing the core outer parts 7 are thermally closely coupled to the core outer parts 7 by solid contact through the filled winding gaps 8.
  • the core 2 is usually provided with an air gap 5, which serves as a parameter for determining the electrical data of the inductive component and can be used together with the parameters of the winding 1 and the core 2 to wind the winding 1 in their given core 2 Always design geometric dimensions so that there is only a small winding gap 8.
  • the core 2 is constructed as a package from a stack of transformer sheets.
  • the transformer sheets which are made of known metallic alloys with corresponding magnetic properties, have the required good thermal conductivity as metal sheets in order to be able to transport large amounts of heat without high temperature gradients.
  • These heat transfer surfaces should be as large as possible so that the heat can then be dissipated from the core 2 via its outer surfaces to the surroundings.
  • cooling channels 4 can be produced by omitting smaller stacks of sheets and assembling the remaining partial packs 21,..., 23 with corresponding spacers 3 in the spaces. Cooling channels 4 of this type have the additional advantage that the cooling medium flows directly around the inner winding regions 1 ′ at least in part.
  • a core can be taken, the sub-packages 21, ..., 23 of which each have a thickness of approximately 60 mm, while the distance between the sub-packages and thus the width of the cooling channels 4 defined by the spacers 3 is approximately 6 mm is.
  • the improvement in the thermal load capacity, which results from the introduction of the cooling channels 4 can be expressed by the following numerical ratios: If the thermal load capacity of an inductive component with convection cooling via the core is set at 100%, this value can be achieved by forced cooling e.g. can be increased to 300 S. The introduction of the cooling channels 4 then brings a further increase in the load capacity to approximately 370 with a constant coolant throughput.
  • an inductive component according to the invention has the advantage that its thermal load capacity is considerably increased compared to the prior art with the same external dimensions, this improvement being able to be achieved with very simple means.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Magnetic Heads (AREA)

Abstract

1. Inductive component, in particular choke for power electronics, comprising at least a winding (1) and a core (2) of high magnetic permeability, which core (2) consists substantially of a metal and is designed as a substantially closed magnetic circuit and is made up of a core inner part (6) and a core outer part (7), the winding (1) enclosing the core inner part (6) and for its part being enclosed by the core (2), and being isolated from the core outer part (7) by a winding gap (8) with a width (d) of less than 0.5 mm and or the winding gap (8) being filled with a solid insulating material characterised in that the core (2) is constructed as a package of transformer sheets and, to increase the heat transfer area, the package is subdivided into subpackages (21, ..., 23) and the subpackages (21, ..., 23) are isolated from one another by spacers (3) and form cooling channels (4).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein induktives Bauelement gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sowie ein Verfahren zu dessen Betrieb.The invention relates to an inductive component according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for its operation.

Ein solches Bauelement ist beispielsweise als Transformator mit Primär- und Sekundärwicklung zur Umsetzung von Wechselspannungen und -strömen oder als Drossel zur Glättung pulsierender Gleichströme ein seit langem bekanntes Grundelement der Elektrotechnik. Im Zuge der wachsenden Verbreitung von thyristorbestückten Umrichterschaltungen für eine Vielzahl von Anwendungen in der Antriebstechnik, so z.B. bei elektrischen Lokomotiven, Strassenbahnen oder Trolleybussen, hat sich insbesondere- solchen Drosseln ein grosses Einsatzgebiet eröffnet, die sich einerseits durch grosse thermische Belastbarkeit und Stabilität und andererseits durch einen möglichst kompakten Aufbau auszeichnen.Such a component is a long-known basic element of electrical engineering, for example as a transformer with primary and secondary windings for converting alternating voltages and currents or as a choke for smoothing pulsating direct currents. In the course of the growing spread of thyristor-equipped converter circuits for a variety of applications in drive technology, e.g. In the case of electric locomotives, trams or trolleybuses, such throttles have opened up in particular, which are characterized on the one hand by high thermal stability and stability, and on the other hand by a construction that is as compact as possible.

Da bei den zur Glättung verwendeten Drosseln die Ummagneti- sierungsverluste im Kern gegenüber den ohmschen Verlusten in der Wicklung in den Hintergrund treten, konzentriert sich bei den Betrachtungen über die thermische Belastbarkeit das Interesse auf die Abfuhr der in der Wicklung anfallenden Wärme, die insbesondere auch aus den inneren Wicklungslagen der Spule nach aussen gebracht werden soll. Zur Verbesserung der Wärmeabfuhr aus der Spulenwicklung eines induktiven Bauelements ist es bekannt, bei der Wicklung zwischen den Wicklungslagen, insbesondere bei den Wickelköpfen, Distanzstäbe vorzusehen. Diese Distanzstäbe aus einem isolierenden Material sind zwischen verschiedenen Lagen versetzt so angeordnet, dass sich beim Wickeln durch die Eigenspannung der Wicklungsdrähte an beiden Seiten der Stäbe kanalartige Durchgänge bilden, durch die eine konvektive oder forcierte Kühlung der inneren Spulenbereiche erfolgen kann.Since the conditions used for smoothing chokes the Ummagneti - sierungsverluste in the core compared to the ohmic losses in the winding into the background, focuses on considerations about the thermal Resilient Interest in the removal of the heat accumulating in the winding, which is to be brought out in particular also from the inner winding layers of the coil. To improve the heat dissipation from the coil winding of an inductive component, it is known to provide spacer bars for the winding between the winding layers, in particular for the winding heads. These spacer rods made of an insulating material are staggered between different layers so that channel-like passages are formed on both sides of the rods during winding due to the internal stress of the winding wires, through which convective or forced cooling of the inner coil areas can take place.

Das Einlegen der Distanzstäbe während des Wickelvorganges verursacht einen erheblichen, zusätzlichen Aufwand bei der Herstellung solcher induktiven Bauelemente und muss üblicherweise von Hand vorgenommen werden, weil dieser Arbeitsablauf einer Automatisierung nur schwer zugänglich ist. Darüber hinaus führen die eingelegten Distanzstäbe vor allem im Aussenteil der Wicklung dazu, dass die Wicklung ausbaucht und die äusseren Abmessungen des Bauelements drastisch vergrössert werden. Schliesslich ist auch die Temperaturverteilung in der Wicklung nach wie vor sehr ungleichmässig, weil die Wärmeabfuhr durch den Einsatz der Kühlkanäle für die im Kernbereich befindlichen Spulenabschnitte nicht wesentlich verbessert wird.The insertion of the spacer bars during the winding process causes considerable additional effort in the manufacture of such inductive components and usually has to be carried out by hand because this workflow is difficult to access to automation. In addition, the inserted spacer bars, particularly in the outer part of the winding, cause the winding to bulge and the external dimensions of the component to be increased drastically. Finally, the temperature distribution in the winding is still very uneven because the heat dissipation is not significantly improved by the use of the cooling channels for the coil sections located in the core area.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, ein induktives Bauelement zu schaffen, dessen thermische Belastbarkeit in einfach zu realisierender Weise und ohne Vergrösserung der äusseren Abmessungen gegenüber den Bauelementen der bekannten Art merklich verbessert ist.The object of the present invention is therefore to create an inductive component, the thermal load capacity of which is noticeably improved compared to the components of the known type in a manner which is simple to implement and without increasing the external dimensions.

Die Aufgabe wird bei einem induktiven Bauelement der eingangs genannten Art durch die Merkmale aus dem kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Das Wesen der Erfindung besteht darin, den Kern des induktiven Bauelements zur Wärmeabfuhr heranzuziehen. Durch den engen thermischen Kontakt zwischen der Wicklung und dem Kernaussenteil, der sich aus der geringen Breite der Wicklungslücke und/oder ihre Füllung mit einem festen Isolierstoff ergibt, wird die Wärme gerade aus dem thermisch besonders belasteten Spulenabschnitt innerhalb des Kernbereichs direkt auf den Kern übertragen und aufgrund der guten Wärmeleitfähigkeit des Kerns an die Aussenflächen weitergeleitet. Dadurch erhält man einerseits eine wesentlich vergrösserte Fläche für die Wärmeabgabe nach aussen und zum anderen dient der Kern als zusätzlicher Wärmespeicher, der die bei kurzzeitiger Ueberlastung auftretende Wicklungswärme aufnimmt und so einen Temperaturausgleich auf unterkritische Werte herbeiführt.The task is in an inductive component of the type mentioned by the features from the kenn drawing part of claim 1 solved. The essence of the invention is to use the core of the inductive component for heat dissipation. Due to the close thermal contact between the winding and the core outer part, which results from the small width of the winding gap and / or its filling with a solid insulating material, the heat is transferred straight from the thermally particularly stressed coil section within the core area directly to the core and passed on to the outer surfaces due to the good thermal conductivity of the core. On the one hand, this results in a significantly larger area for heat dissipation to the outside, and on the other hand, the core serves as an additional heat store, which absorbs the winding heat that occurs during brief overloading and thus brings about a temperature compensation to subcritical values.

Mit dem Füllen der Wicklung durch einen festen Isolierstoff wird bei gleichzeitigem Schutz der Wicklung ein Uebergang mit Festkörper-Wärmeleitung geschaffen, der sich durch einfaches Imprägnieren herstellen lässt. Besonders günstig ist es in diesem Zusammenhang, als Isolierstoff ein faserverstärktes Material vorzusehen, dessen thermische und mechanische Eigenschaften sehr gut auf die Anforderungen dieses Anwendungsfalles abgestimmt werden können.Filling the winding with a solid insulating material creates a transition with solid-state heat conduction while protecting the winding, which can be produced by simple impregnation. In this context, it is particularly favorable to provide a fiber-reinforced material as the insulating material, the thermal and mechanical properties of which can be very well matched to the requirements of this application.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es auch, wenn der Kern des induktiven Bauelements in an sich bekannter Weise als Paket aus Transformatorblechen zusammengesetzt ist. Obgleich die Bleche wegen der Wirbelstromverluste im Stapel mit isolierenden Zwischenschichten angeordnet sind, ist der Stapel dennoch so orientiert, dass sich gerade von der Wicklung nach aussen, senkrecht zur Flächennormalen der Bleche, eine gute Wärmeleitung ergibt. In einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung gelangt man zu einem induktiven Bauelement, bei dem das Paket des Kerns zur Vergrösserung der Wärmeübergangsfläche in Teilpakete unterteilt ist und die Teilpakete durch Distanzstücke voneinander getrennt sind und Kühlkanäle innerhalb des Kerns bilden. Dadurch ist es möglich, die Wärmeabgabe vom Kern an den Aussenraum im Vergleich zum einteiligen Kern zu vervielfachen und die Kühlung noch effektiver zu gestalten.It is also particularly advantageous if the core of the inductive component is composed in a manner known per se as a package from transformer sheets. Although the sheets are arranged in the stack with insulating intermediate layers because of the eddy current losses, the stack is nevertheless oriented in such a way that good heat conduction results straight from the winding outwards, perpendicular to the surface normal of the sheets. In a further development of the invention, an inductive one is obtained Component in which the package of the core is subdivided into partial packages to enlarge the heat transfer surface and the partial packages are separated from one another by spacers and form cooling channels within the core. This makes it possible to multiply the heat output from the core to the exterior in comparison to the one-piece core and to make the cooling even more effective.

Das Verfahren zum Betrieb eines induktiven Bauelementes nach der Erfindung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass der Kern grossflächig mit einem Kühlmedium, vorzugsweise Luft, in Berührung gebracht und die in der Wicklung erzeugte Wärme über den Kern an das Kühlmedium abgegeben werden. Mit Hilfe dieses Verfahrens kann die grosse Oberfläche des Kerns zur Wärmeabgabe nach aussen eingesetzt werden. Zusätzliche Vorteile ergeben sich dabei, wenn die Kühlung mit dem Kühlmedium forciert, also z.B. mittels eines Gebläses, erfolgt.The method for operating an inductive component according to the invention is characterized in that the core is brought into contact with a cooling medium, preferably air, over a large area and the heat generated in the winding is released to the cooling medium via the core. With the help of this process, the large surface of the core can be used for heat dissipation to the outside. There are additional advantages if the cooling with the cooling medium is forced, e.g. by means of a blower.

Die Erfindung soll nachfolgend in Ausführungsbeispielen anhand der Zeichnung beschrieben und näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 ein induktives Bauelement mit einem E-I-Kern in Draufsicht,
  • Fig. 2 die Seitenansicht des Bauelementes nach Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 ein induktives Bauelement mit einem in Teilpakete unterteilten Kern in Draufsicht.
The invention will be described and explained in more detail in exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing. Show it:
  • 1 shows an inductive component with an EI core in plan view,
  • 2 shows the side view of the component according to FIG. 1,
  • Fig. 3 shows an inductive component with a core divided into sub-packages in a plan view.

In Fig. l ist als Beispiel ein induktives Bauelement mit einem E-I-Kern 2 in der Draufsicht dargestellt. Der Kern 2, der einen weitgehend geschlossenen, magnetischen Kreis bildet, lässt sich unterteilen in einen Kerninnenteil 6 und Kernaussenteile 7. Der Kerninnenteil 6 wird von einer Wicklung 1 umschlossen, die in üblicher Weise aus einem Draht gewickelt und in ihrer Windungszahl auf die elektrischen und magnetischen Eigenschaften des Bauelements abgestimmt ist. Die schraffiert eingezeichneten Wicklungsinnenbereiche l' der Wicklung 1 sind ihrerseits vom Kern 2 umschlossen, so dass die in ihnen erzeugte Wärme bei den bisher bekannten Bauelementen innerhalb der Wicklung 1 nach aussen transportiert und dort an die Umgebung abgegeben werden musste, weil die Kernaussenteile 7 eine direkte Kühlung der Wicklungsinnenbereiche 1' mit einem Kühlmedium verhinderten und ein direkter Wärmeübergang auf die Kernaussenteile 7 aufgrund des schlechten thermischen Kontakts durch eine vergleichsweise grosse, mit Luft gefüllte Wicklungslücke 8 zwischen den Wicklungsinnenbereichen 11 und den Kernaussenteilen 7 nicht möglich war.An example of an inductive component with an EI core 2 is shown in plan view in FIG. 1. The core 2, which forms a largely closed, magnetic circuit, can be divided into an inner core Part 6 and core outer parts 7. The core inner part 6 is enclosed by a winding 1, which is wound in the usual way from a wire and the number of turns of which is matched to the electrical and magnetic properties of the component. The hatched winding inner regions l 'of the winding 1 are in turn enclosed by the core 2, so that the heat generated in them in the previously known components within the winding 1 is transported to the outside and has to be released there to the environment because the core outer parts 7 are direct 'prevented cooling of the winding sense regions 1 with a cooling medium, and direct heat transfer to the core outer parts 7 due to the poor thermal contact by a relatively large air-filled coil gap 8 between the winding sense regions 1 1 and the core outer portions 7 was not possible.

Bei der vorliegenden Erfindung dagegen steht die Wicklung 1 mit den Kernaussenteilen 7 in engem thermischen Kontakt. Dies wird dadurch erreicht, dass die Wicklungslücke 8 statt mit der sehr schlecht wärmeleitenden Luft, mit einem festen Isolierstoff ausgefüllt ist und/oder auch die Breite d der Wicklungslücke 8 kleiner als 0,5 mm gewählt wird. Aufgrund des engen thermischen Kontakts kann die Wärme aus den Wicklungsinnenbereichen l' direkt an die Kernaussenteile 7 abgegeben und wegen der guten Wärmeleitfähigkeit des Kerns 2 über seine äussere Oberfläche an die Umgebung abgeführt werden.In the present invention, however, the winding 1 is in close thermal contact with the core outer parts 7. This is achieved in that the winding gap 8 is filled with a solid insulating material instead of the very poorly heat-conducting air and / or the width d of the winding gap 8 is chosen to be less than 0.5 mm. Due to the close thermal contact, the heat from the inner winding areas 1 ′ can be given off directly to the core outer parts 7 and, because of the good thermal conductivity of the core 2, can be dissipated to the surroundings via its outer surface.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, die Wicklungslücke 8 in einer Breite von etwa 0,2 mm auszuführen, weil dann einerseits beim Einschieben der Wicklung in den Kern ausreichend Platz verbleibt, um die Isolation der Wicklung nicht zu gefährden, und andererseits nur wenig zusätzliches Material zum Ausfüllen der Wicklungslücke verwendet werden muss, was den thermischen Kontakt günstig beeinflusst. Das Ausfüllen der Wicklungslücke 8 kann beispielsweise durch das an sich bekannte Verfahren der Vakuumimprägnierung erfolgen, wobei Lücken mit grösserer Breite vor der Imprägnierung mit Fasermatten verfüllt werden können.It is particularly advantageous to design the winding gap 8 with a width of approximately 0.2 mm, because then, on the one hand, sufficient space remains when the winding is inserted into the core so as not to endanger the insulation of the winding, and on the other hand only a little additional Material must be used to fill the winding gap, which has a favorable influence on the thermal contact. The winding gap 8 can be filled, for example, by the vacuum impregnation method known per se, gaps with a larger width being able to be filled with fiber mats before the impregnation.

Fig. 2 zeigt das induktive Bauelement nach Fig. 1 in der Seitenansicht. Man erkennt deutlich, wie die den Kernaussenteilen 7 zugewandten Seiten der Wicklung 1 über die ausgefüllten Wicklungslücken 8 an die Kernaussenteile 7 thermisch eng durch Festkörperkontakt angekoppelt sind. Der Kern 2 ist üblicherweise mit einem Luftspalt 5 versehen, der als Parameter für die Festlegung der elektrischen Daten des induktiven Bauelements dient und zusammen mit den Parametern der Wicklung 1 und des Kerns 2 dazu benutzt werden kann, die Wicklung 1 bei vorgegebenem Kern 2 in ihren geometrischen Abmessungen stets so auszulegen, dass sich nur eine kleine Wicklungslücke 8 ergibt.FIG. 2 shows the inductive component according to FIG. 1 in a side view. It can clearly be seen how the sides of the winding 1 facing the core outer parts 7 are thermally closely coupled to the core outer parts 7 by solid contact through the filled winding gaps 8. The core 2 is usually provided with an air gap 5, which serves as a parameter for determining the electrical data of the inductive component and can be used together with the parameters of the winding 1 and the core 2 to wind the winding 1 in their given core 2 Always design geometric dimensions so that there is only a small winding gap 8.

Sehr günstige Verhältnisse hinsichtlich der Wärmeabfuhr werden erreicht, wenn der Kern 2 als Paket aus einem Stapel von Transformatorblechen aufgebaut ist. Die Transformatorbleche, die aus bekannten metallischen Legierungen mit entsprechenden magnetischen Eigenschaften gefertigt sind, haben als Metallbleche die erforderliche gute Wärmeleitfähigkeit, um ohne hohe Temperaturgradienten ausreichend grosse Wärmemengen transportieren zu können. Damit die Wärme dann vom Kern 2 über seine aussenliegenden Oberflächen an die Umgebung abgeführt werden kann, sollten diese Wärmeübergangsflächen möglichst gross sein. Um Fläche zu gewinnen, ist es vorteilhaft, wie in Fig. 3 dargestellt, Kühlkanäle 4 im Kern 2 vorzusehen, durch die ein geeignetes Kühlmedium, vorzugsweise Luft, hindurchtreten und dabei Wärme von den angrenzenden Kernwänden aufnehmen kann. Die Veränderung im Kernquerschnitt, die sich durch die Kühlkanäle 4 bei gleichbleibenden Aussenabmessungen des Kerns ergibt, ist vergleichsweise gering und die mit ihr verbundene Aenderung der elektrischen Eigenschaften des Bauelements kann durch die Modifizierung anderer Parameter in einfacher Weise ausgeglichen werden. Bei einem aus Transformatorblechen aufgebauten Kern können die Kühlkanäle 4 dadurch erzeugt werden, dass kleinere Stapel von Blechen weggelassen und die übriggebliebenen Teilpakete 21, ..., 23 mit entsprechenden Distanzstücken 3 in den Zwischenräumen zusammengesetzt werden. Solche Kühlkanäle 4 haben den zusätzlichen Vorteil, dass die Wicklungsinnenbereiche l' zumindest teilweise direkt vom Kühlmedium umströmt werden.Very favorable conditions with regard to heat dissipation are achieved if the core 2 is constructed as a package from a stack of transformer sheets. The transformer sheets, which are made of known metallic alloys with corresponding magnetic properties, have the required good thermal conductivity as metal sheets in order to be able to transport large amounts of heat without high temperature gradients. These heat transfer surfaces should be as large as possible so that the heat can then be dissipated from the core 2 via its outer surfaces to the surroundings. In order to gain space, it is advantageous, as shown in FIG. 3, to provide cooling channels 4 in the core 2 through which a suitable cooling medium, preferably air, can pass and thereby absorb heat from the adjacent core walls. The change in core cross-section, the results from the cooling channels 4 while the outer dimensions of the core remain the same, is comparatively small and the associated change in the electrical properties of the component can be compensated for in a simple manner by modifying other parameters. In the case of a core constructed from transformer sheets, the cooling channels 4 can be produced by omitting smaller stacks of sheets and assembling the remaining partial packs 21,..., 23 with corresponding spacers 3 in the spaces. Cooling channels 4 of this type have the additional advantage that the cooling medium flows directly around the inner winding regions 1 ′ at least in part.

Als Beispiel für die Abmessungsverhältnisse kann ein Kern genommen werden, dessen Teilpakete 21, ..., 23 jeweils eine Dicke von etwa 60 mm aufweisen, während der durch die Distanzstücke 3 festgelegte Abstand zwischen den Teilpaketen und damit die Breite der Kühlkanäle 4 etwa 6 mm beträgt. Die Verbesserung in der thermischen Belastbarkeit, wie sie sich durch Einführung der Kühlkanäle 4 ergibt, lässt sich durch die folgenden Zahlenverhältnisse ausdrücken: Wenn die thermische Belastbarkeit eines induktiven Bauelements mit Konvektionskühlung über den Kern mit 100 % festgesetzt wird, kann dieser Wert durch forcierte Kühlung z.B. auf 300 S gesteigert werden. Die Einführung der Kühlkanäle 4 bringt dann eine weitere Steigerung der Belastbarkeit auf etwa 370 bei gleichbleibendem Kühlmitteldurchsatz.As an example of the dimensional relationships, a core can be taken, the sub-packages 21, ..., 23 of which each have a thickness of approximately 60 mm, while the distance between the sub-packages and thus the width of the cooling channels 4 defined by the spacers 3 is approximately 6 mm is. The improvement in the thermal load capacity, which results from the introduction of the cooling channels 4, can be expressed by the following numerical ratios: If the thermal load capacity of an inductive component with convection cooling via the core is set at 100%, this value can be achieved by forced cooling e.g. can be increased to 300 S. The introduction of the cooling channels 4 then brings a further increase in the load capacity to approximately 370 with a constant coolant throughput.

Insgesamt hat ein induktives Bauelement nach der Erfindung den Vorteil, dass seine thermische Belastbarkeit bei gleichen äusseren Abmessungen gegenüber dem Stand der Technik erheblich vergrössert ist, wobei diese Verbesserung mit sehr einfachen Mitteln zu erreichen ist.Overall, an inductive component according to the invention has the advantage that its thermal load capacity is considerably increased compared to the prior art with the same external dimensions, this improvement being able to be achieved with very simple means.

Claims (6)

1. Induktives Bauelement, insbesondere Drossel für die Leistungselektronik, umfassend wenigstens eine Wicklung (1) und einen Kern (2) hoher magnetischer Permeabilität, welcher Kern (2) im wesentlichen aus einem Metall besteht und als weitgehend geschlossener, magnetischer Kreis ausgebildet ist, und sich aus einem Kerninnenteil (6) und einem Kernaussenteil (7) zusammensetzt, wobei die Wicklung (1) den Kerninnenteil (6) umschliesst und ihrerseits von dem Kern (2) umschlossen wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wicklung (I) vom Kernaussenteil (7) durch eine Wicklungslücke (8) mit einer Breite (d) von weniger als 0,5 mm getrennt und/ oder die wicklungslücke (8) mit einem festen Isolierstoff ausgefüllt sind.1. Inductive component, in particular choke for power electronics, comprising at least one winding (1) and a core (2) of high magnetic permeability, which core (2) consists essentially of a metal and is designed as a largely closed, magnetic circuit, and is composed of an inner core part (6) and an outer core part (7), the winding (1) enclosing the inner core part (6) and in turn being enclosed by the core (2), characterized in that the winding (I) is surrounded by the outer core part ( 7) separated by a winding gap (8) with a width (d) of less than 0.5 mm and / or the winding gap (8) are filled with a solid insulating material. 2. Induktives Bauelement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Isolierstoff ein faserverstärktes Epoxydharz ist.2. Inductive component according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulating material is a fiber-reinforced epoxy resin. 3. Induktives Bauelement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kern (2) als Paket aus Transformatorblechen aufgebaut ist.3. Inductive component according to claim 1, characterized in that the core (2) is constructed as a package from transformer sheets. 4. Induktives Bauelement nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Paket zur Vergrösserung der Wärmeübergangsfläche in Teilpakete (21, ..., 23) unterteilt ist und die Teilpakete (21, ..., 23) durch Distanzstücke (3) voneinander getrennt sind und Kühlkanäle (4) bilden.4. Inductive component according to claim 3, characterized in that the package for increasing the heat transfer surface is divided into sub-packages (21, ..., 23) and the sub-packages (21, ..., 23) separated by spacers (3) are and form cooling channels (4). 5. Verfahren zum Betrieb eines induktiven Bauelements nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kern (2) grossflächig mit einem Kühlmedium, vorzugsweise Luft, in Berührung gebracht und die in der Wicklung (1) erzeugte Wärme über den Kern (2) an das Kühlmedium abgegeben werden.5. The method for operating an inductive component according to claim 1, characterized in that the core (2) is brought into contact with a cooling medium, preferably air, over a large area and in the winding (1) generated heat are released via the core (2) to the cooling medium. 6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kühlung mit dem Kühlmedium forciert erfolgt.6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the cooling with the cooling medium is forced.
EP84104376A 1983-05-10 1984-04-18 Inductive element Expired EP0124809B1 (en)

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AT84104376T ATE26361T1 (en) 1983-05-10 1984-04-18 INDUCTIVE COMPONENT.

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CH254783 1983-05-10
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0462005A1 (en) * 1990-06-14 1991-12-18 Fujikura Ltd. Coil, coil element, coil block, and heat generating motor, hot air blower and submersible water heater assembled therefrom
WO2014077976A1 (en) * 2012-11-13 2014-05-22 Raytheon Company Apparatus and method for thermal management of magnetic devices
US9911532B2 (en) 2014-08-25 2018-03-06 Raytheon Company Forced convection liquid cooling of fluid-filled high density pulsed power capacitor with native fluid

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DE131191C (en) * 1901-07-05
DE381047C (en) * 1923-09-15 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Induction regulator that is cooled by means of an attached fan
CH257219A (en) * 1946-10-26 1948-09-30 Moser Glaser & Co Ag Method for filling the cavities of transformers, and transformers whose cavities have been filled by this method.
GB2051491A (en) * 1979-05-16 1981-01-14 Westinghouse Canada Ltd Magnetic core for a capped core shunt reactor

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE381047C (en) * 1923-09-15 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Induction regulator that is cooled by means of an attached fan
DE131191C (en) * 1901-07-05
CH257219A (en) * 1946-10-26 1948-09-30 Moser Glaser & Co Ag Method for filling the cavities of transformers, and transformers whose cavities have been filled by this method.
GB2051491A (en) * 1979-05-16 1981-01-14 Westinghouse Canada Ltd Magnetic core for a capped core shunt reactor

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0462005A1 (en) * 1990-06-14 1991-12-18 Fujikura Ltd. Coil, coil element, coil block, and heat generating motor, hot air blower and submersible water heater assembled therefrom
US5164626A (en) * 1990-06-14 1992-11-17 Fujikura Ltd. Coil element and heat generating motor assembled therefrom
WO2014077976A1 (en) * 2012-11-13 2014-05-22 Raytheon Company Apparatus and method for thermal management of magnetic devices
US9524820B2 (en) 2012-11-13 2016-12-20 Raytheon Company Apparatus and method for thermal management of magnetic devices
US9911532B2 (en) 2014-08-25 2018-03-06 Raytheon Company Forced convection liquid cooling of fluid-filled high density pulsed power capacitor with native fluid

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ES8601555A1 (en) 1985-10-16
ES532295A0 (en) 1985-10-16
EP0124809B1 (en) 1987-04-01
ATE26361T1 (en) 1987-04-15
DE3462965D1 (en) 1987-05-07

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