EP0124760B1 - Driving system for electric two-position breakers in medium and high voltage switch gears - Google Patents

Driving system for electric two-position breakers in medium and high voltage switch gears Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0124760B1
EP0124760B1 EP84103616A EP84103616A EP0124760B1 EP 0124760 B1 EP0124760 B1 EP 0124760B1 EP 84103616 A EP84103616 A EP 84103616A EP 84103616 A EP84103616 A EP 84103616A EP 0124760 B1 EP0124760 B1 EP 0124760B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotation
angle
joint
moment
shaft
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EP84103616A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0124760A3 (en
EP0124760A2 (en
Inventor
Erich Silbermann
Arno Kohler
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Priority to AT84103616T priority Critical patent/ATE23761T1/en
Publication of EP0124760A2 publication Critical patent/EP0124760A2/en
Publication of EP0124760A3 publication Critical patent/EP0124760A3/en
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Publication of EP0124760B1 publication Critical patent/EP0124760B1/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/32Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts
    • H01H3/46Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts using rod or lever linkage, e.g. toggle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a drive system of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such drive systems are used to operate disconnectors, circuit breakers or earthing switches in medium-voltage and high-voltage switchgear. Since the switch shafts can rarely be led directly from the inside of the switchgear to the outside in the secured area, there is practically always the need to provide at least one angular gear between the switch drive shaft and the actuation location, which drives the drive shaft once by an angle of up to 90 ° redirects. Particularly in the case of switching devices in the medium-voltage range, which are housed in closed switch cells, the installation conditions are often so complicated that the switch drive shaft and the actuating element are on different levels, so that two angular gears are required. The actuating shaft is generally guided outwards through the front wall of the switching cell.
  • the actuation is carried out using a removable key in the form of an angled lever which can be inserted into a sleeve of the actuating shaft.
  • the actuating shaft is provided with display means and with a signaling switch in order to ensure that malfunctions are indicated and, if necessary, appropriate blocking means come into operation that prevent impermissible switching.
  • a motor drive is often used as the actuating element instead of a hand-operated key.
  • Such a motor drive is particularly simple to design if no back and forth movement is necessary for the switch actuation, but the switching on and off can take place in a single direction of rotation of the drive.
  • one of the angular gears must be blended out as a torsion-vibration joint.
  • Such a joint for driving a disconnector with a transmission ratio of 2: 1 is already known as a so-called ball joint.
  • the angle between the axes of the actuation and the switch drive shaft is approximately 90 °
  • the invention has for its object to provide a drive system with which it is possible to continue to use the advantages of the rotary oscillating joint in view of the favorable course of the angular velocity as a function of the angle of rotation, its main disadvantage, namely the sharp drop in its Torque in the middle swivel range, however, to be avoided.
  • the further embodiment according to claim 3 results in a high flexibility of the structural design in that neither the drive shaft nor the output shaft of the universal joint have to be individually supported and therefore their mutual angular position is not fixed in advance.
  • the medium-voltage switchgear cell 1 shown schematically in FIG. 1 contains a double busbar system with disconnectors, power disconnectors and earthing switches.
  • the overview is only a single busbar system 2 and a disconnector 3 with a drive system for the switching knife 4, consisting of a rotary and oscillating joint 5 shown in FIG. 2, a double universal joint 6 shown in FIG. 3, which have a Coupling shaft 7 are connected to each other, as well as a plug-in switching key 8 for the manual drive of this drive system.
  • the switching key 8 can also be replaced by a motor drive.
  • the rotary oscillating joint 5 transforms the swivel angle of the actuating shaft from 180 ° into an angle of rotation of the drive shaft of the switching blade 4 (switching drive shaft) of 90 °.
  • this joint is designed in such a way that it converts a continuous rotary movement of the actuating shaft into an oscillating movement of the switch drive shaft with an oscillating angle of 90 °, with the result that the actuating shaft for switching the isolating switch 3 on and off alternately back and forth or in the same direction of rotation can be moved.
  • the latter causes a considerable simplification of control technology when using a motor drive.
  • the rotary oscillating joint shown in FIG. 2 has a sleeve 9 on the drive side, into the central, feathered bore 10 of which the coupling shaft 7 provided with corresponding grooves (FIG. 1) can be inserted.
  • the sleeve 9 has at the opposite end of the bore 10 a nose 11 which is chamfered diagonally at an angle of 45 to the central axis of the bore 10.
  • a pin 12 is embedded in this diagonal surface of the nose 11 in such a way that its central axis forms an angle of approximately 45 ° with the central axis of the bore 10.
  • a bush 13 is rotatably mounted on the pin 12.
  • This non-linear profile is particularly favorable in a disconnector because the switch blade needs its greatest torque in the last part of its switch-on movement because of the relatively high frictional forces that occur when it comes into contact with the counter contact 17. Due to the simultaneous large reduction between the actuating shaft and the switching drive shaft, a high degree of switching reliability and a sufficient switching path for a signaling switch are also achieved.
  • a universal joint connection has proven to be particularly suitable for this purpose, the drive fork of which is arranged in the end positions of the switch in the diffraction plane of the joint.
  • a simple articulated connection of this type is sufficient for some applications.
  • An almost complete compensation of the unfavorable torque curve of the torsional-vibration joint shown in FIG. 2 according to the course and size as a function of the angle of rotation is achieved by using a double cardan joint if it is designed as shown in FIG. 3 is that the two joints are not synchronous, but non-synchronous, ie are offset from each other at an angle of 90 °.
  • such a double cardan joint offers the possibility of a central mounting of the intermediate shaft 18, so that the positions of the drive shaft and the output shaft, the angular position of which should be approximately between 45 ° and 90 °, can otherwise be freely selected.
  • such a double cardan joint consists of the drive fork 19 with the drive sleeve 20, which has an opening for inserting the actuating key 8, an output fork 21 with the drive sleeve 22, which also has a feathered bore for inserting the clutch Grooved shaft 7 has, as well as an intermediate shaft 18 with the drive intermediate fork 23 and the output intermediate fork 24. Both forks are rotated at an angle of 90 ° to each other.
  • the intermediate shaft 18 is rotatably mounted in a double roller bearing 25, which via egg NEN bearing ring 26 is screwed to a bearing block 27 which is attached to the housing wall 29 of the switch cell 1 via a bracket 28.
  • the drive system formed from the aforementioned elements offers, if it is designed as shown in Fig. 1 so that the rotary-swing joint its torque maxima in the end positions of the switch and the double cardan joint in these positions its torque -Minima achieved a variety of design options and is due to its almost linear torque curve over the entire switching angle usable for disconnectors as well as for circuit breakers and earthing switches.
  • it can be operated regardless of the direction of rotation of the actuating shaft and both in continuous clockwise or counter-clockwise rotation and with changing directions of rotation when switching on and off, for example by means of a hand lever.
  • the joints themselves are commercially available, relatively inexpensive and almost maintenance-free components.

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  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Mechanisms For Operating Contacts (AREA)

Abstract

1. A drive system for electric two-position breakers in medium and high voltage switching installations with repeated deflections of the operating shaft by articulated connections, one of which is designed as a rotary pivot joint (10-16) characterised by the combination of the rotary pivot joint (10 to 16) allotted to the switch (3) with non-linear course for the moment of rotation and angular velocity depending on the angle of rotation, and at least one further angled joint (18 to 24) which is arranged between the first joint and the operating element (8) and is connected to the first joint by means of a coupling shaft (7), and which has a non-linear course for the moment of rotation in dependence on the angle of rotation, in such a mutual assignment of the two angle joints that, in that region of the angle of rotation in which the rotary pivot joint (10 to 16) reaches its minimum moment of rotation, the further angle joints (18 to 24) pass through the maximum value of their moment of rotation.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Antriebssystem der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 näher bezeichneten Art.The invention relates to a drive system of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.

Solche Antriebssysteme (GB-A-907 857) dienen dazu, Trennschalter, Leistungstrennschalter oder Erdungsschalter in Mittelspannungs- und Hochspannungsschaltanlagen zu betätigen. Nachdem die Schalterwellen selten unmittelbar vom Inneren der Schaltanlage nach aussen in den gesicherten Bereich geführt werden können, ergibt sich praktisch immer die Notwendigkeit, zwischen der Schalterantriebswelle und dem Betätigungsort wenigstens ein Winkelgetriebe vorzusehen, welches die Antriebswelle einmal um einen Winkel von etwa bis zu 90° umlenkt. Vor allem bei in geschlossenen Schaltzellen untergebrachten Schaltgeräten im Mittelspannungsbereich sind die Einbauverhältnisse häufig so kompliziert, dass sich die Schalterantriebswelle und das Betätigungselement in unterschiedlichen Ebenen befinden, so dass zwei Winkelgetriebe erforderlich sind. Dabei wird die Betätigungswelle im allgemeinen durch die Frontwand der Schaltzelle hindurch nach aussen geführt. Die Betätigung erfolgt mit Hilfe eines abziehbaren Schlüssels in Form eines abgewinkelten Hebels, der in eine Hülse der Betätigungswelle einsteckbar ist. Die Betätigungswelle ist mit Anzeigemitteln und mit einem Meldeschalter versehen, um zu erreichen, dass Störungsfälle angezeigt werden und gegebenenfalls entsprechende Blockierungsmittel in Funktion treten, die ein unzulässiges Schalten verhindern. Häufig wird als Betätigungselement anstelle eines handbetätigten Schlüssels aber auch ein Motorantrieb verwendet. Ein solcher Motorantrieb ist dann besonders einfach zu gestalten, wenn für die Schalterbetätigung keine Hin- und Herbewegung notwendig ist, sondern das Ein- und Ausschalten in einer einzigen Antriebs-Drehrichtung erfolgen kann. Um dies zu erreichen, muss eines der Winkelgetriebe als Dreh-Schwing-Gelenk ausgeblidet sein. Ein solches Gelenk für den Antrieb eines Trennschalters mit einem Übersetzungsverhältnis von 2:1 ist als sogenanntes Kugelgelenk bereits bekannt. Dabei beträgt der Winkel zwischen den Achsen der Betätigungs- und der Schalterantriebswelle etwa 90°Such drive systems (GB-A-907 857) are used to operate disconnectors, circuit breakers or earthing switches in medium-voltage and high-voltage switchgear. Since the switch shafts can rarely be led directly from the inside of the switchgear to the outside in the secured area, there is practically always the need to provide at least one angular gear between the switch drive shaft and the actuation location, which drives the drive shaft once by an angle of up to 90 ° redirects. Particularly in the case of switching devices in the medium-voltage range, which are housed in closed switch cells, the installation conditions are often so complicated that the switch drive shaft and the actuating element are on different levels, so that two angular gears are required. The actuating shaft is generally guided outwards through the front wall of the switching cell. The actuation is carried out using a removable key in the form of an angled lever which can be inserted into a sleeve of the actuating shaft. The actuating shaft is provided with display means and with a signaling switch in order to ensure that malfunctions are indicated and, if necessary, appropriate blocking means come into operation that prevent impermissible switching. However, a motor drive is often used as the actuating element instead of a hand-operated key. Such a motor drive is particularly simple to design if no back and forth movement is necessary for the switch actuation, but the switching on and off can take place in a single direction of rotation of the drive. In order to achieve this, one of the angular gears must be blended out as a torsion-vibration joint. Such a joint for driving a disconnector with a transmission ratio of 2: 1 is already known as a so-called ball joint. The angle between the axes of the actuation and the switch drive shaft is approximately 90 °

Vorteilhalft bei derartigen Dreh-Schwing-Gelenken (GB-A-907 857) ist neben der Möglichkeit des Ein-Richtungs-Antriebs und ihrem verhältnismässig einfachen Aufbau, der eine hohe Betriebssicherheit bei verhältnismässig geringem Aufwand gewährleistet, der Umstand, dass der nichtlineare Verlauf des Drehmoments und der Winkelgeschwindigkeit in Abhängigkeit vom Drehwinkel speziell die Betätigung von Trenn- und/oder Erdungsschaltern begünstigt. Solche Schalter benötigen in ihren Endbereichen ein hohes Drehmoment bei niedriger Drehgeschwindigkeit. Dieser Forderung kommen Dreh-Schwing-Gelenke mit ihrem langsamen (tangentialen) Einlaufen in die Enstellungen entgegen. Ausserdem ergibt sich in den beiden Endstellungen ein gewisser Sperreffekt gegen Rückdrehmomente vom Schaltgerät her (Kurzschlusskräfte, Erschütterungen). Ferner resultiert aus dem raltiv langen Einlaufweg in die Endstellungen ein ausreichend grosser Ansprechwinel für die Meldeschalter.Advantageous in such rotary-swing joints (GB-A-907 857) in addition to the possibility of the unidirectional drive and its relatively simple structure, which ensures high operational reliability with relatively little effort, the fact that the non-linear course of the Torque and the angular velocity depending on the angle of rotation especially favors the actuation of disconnectors and / or earthing switches. Such switches require high torque at a low rotational speed in their end regions. This requirement is met by rotating and swinging joints with their slow (tangential) entry into the settings. In addition, there is a certain blocking effect against reverse torques from the switching device in the two end positions (short-circuit forces, vibrations). In addition, the long entry path to the end positions results in a sufficiently large response angle for the signaling switches.

Nachteilig wirkt sich bei solchen Getrieben, vor allem wenn sie zum Antrieb von Leistungstrennschaltern dienen, das starke Absinken des Drehmomentes im mittleren Schwenkwinkelbereich deshalb besonders aus, weil diese Schalter ein Federspannwerk besitzen, das gerade im mittleren Schwenkwinkelbereich sein grösstes Drehmoment verlangt. Aus diesem Grunde waren die wegen des günstigen Verlaufes der Winkelgeschwindigkeit in Abhängigkeit von Drehwinkel an sich für den Schalterantrieb optimalen Dreh-Schwing-Gelenke bisher nur begrenzt brauchbar. Vor allem bei mehrfacher Umlenkung der Antriebswelle mit mindestens einem weiteren Winkelgetriebe war eine Anwendung solcher Antriebssysteme bei Leistungstrennschaltern nicht mehr möglich.The disadvantage of such gearboxes, especially if they are used to drive circuit breakers, is that the torque drops sharply in the middle swivel angle range because these switches have a spring tension mechanism that requires its greatest torque especially in the middle swivel angle range. For this reason, because of the favorable course of the angular velocity as a function of the angle of rotation itself, the optimal torsional-oscillating joints were only of limited use. Especially when the drive shaft was deflected several times with at least one further angular gear, it was no longer possible to use such drive systems in circuit breakers.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Antriebssystem zu schaffen, mit dem es möglich ist, die Vorteile des Dreh-Schwing-Gelenks im Hinblick auf den günstigen Verlauf der Winkelgeschwindigkeit in Abhängigkeit von Drehwinkel weiterhin zu nutzen, seinen Hauptnachteil, nämlich den starken Einbruch seines Drehmomentes im mittleren Schwenkbereich, jedoch zu vermeiden.The invention has for its object to provide a drive system with which it is possible to continue to use the advantages of the rotary oscillating joint in view of the favorable course of the angular velocity as a function of the angle of rotation, its main disadvantage, namely the sharp drop in its Torque in the middle swivel range, however, to be avoided.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die im Patentanspruch 1 angegebene Erfindung gelöst.This object is achieved by the invention specified in claim 1.

Dadurch ist erreicht, dass sich weder an dem gewünschten Übersetzungsverhältnis von 2: 1, noch an dem günstigen Verlauf der Winkelgeschwindigkeit in Abhängigkeit vom Drehwinkel etwas geändert hat. Vielmehr ist durch die Verwendung eines weiteren nichtlinearen Winkelgelenkes in Form eines Kardangelenks erreicht, dass durch entsprechende Zuordnung der beiden Winkelgelenke der unerwünschte Einbruch des Drehmoments im mittleren Schwenkbereich vermieden ist, so dass ein derart gestaltetes Antriebssystem auch für Leistungstrennschalter verwendet werden kann.It is thereby achieved that nothing has changed either in the desired transmission ratio of 2: 1 or in the favorable course of the angular velocity as a function of the angle of rotation. Rather, the use of a further nonlinear angle joint in the form of a cardan joint means that the undesired torque drop in the middle pivoting range is avoided by correspondingly assigning the two angle joints, so that a drive system designed in this way can also be used for circuit breakers.

Durch die im Patentanspruch 2 angegebene Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist mit verhältnismässig einfachen Mitteln eine nahezu vollständige Kompensation des Drehmomenteinbruchs im mittleren Bereich erreicht.Due to the development of the invention specified in claim 2, almost complete compensation of the torque drop in the middle region is achieved with relatively simple means.

Durch die weitere Ausgestaltung gemäss Patentanspruch 3 ergibt sich eine hohe Flexibilität der konstruktiven Gestaltung dadurch, dass weder die Antriebs- noch die Abtriebswelle des Kardangelenks einzeln gelagert sein müssen und daher in ihrer gegenseitigen Winkellage nicht von vornherein festgelegt sind.The further embodiment according to claim 3 results in a high flexibility of the structural design in that neither the drive shaft nor the output shaft of the universal joint have to be individually supported and therefore their mutual angular position is not fixed in advance.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird anhand von Zeichnungen im folgenden näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 die Prinzipdarstellung einer Mittelspannungs-Schaltzelle mit einem von Hand zu betätigendem Antriebssystem für einen Trennschalter,
  • Fig. 2 und 3 Einzeldarstellungen der beiden in Fig. 1 schematisch dargestellten Winkelgelenke des Antriebssystems.
An embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings. Show it:
  • 1 shows the basic illustration of a medium-voltage switchgear cell with a manually operated drive system for a disconnector,
  • 2 and 3 individual representations of the two angular joints of the drive system shown schematically in FIG. 1.

Die in Fig. 1 schematisch dargestellte Mittelspannungs-Schaltzelle 1 enthält ein Doppel-Sammelschienensystem mit Trennschaltern, Leistungstrenn- und Erdungsschaltern. Zur besseren Übersicht sind lediglich ein einziges Sammelschienensystem 2 sowie ein Trennschalter 3 mit einem Antriebssystem für das Schaltmesser 4, bestehend aus einem in Fig. 2 näher dargestellten Dreh-Schwing-Gelenk 5, einem in Fig. 3 näher dargestellten Doppel-Kardangelenk 6, die über eine Kupplungswelle 7 miteinander verbunden sind, sowie einem steckbaren Schaltschlüssel 8 für den Handantrieb dieses Antriebssystems gezeigt. Der Schaltschlüssel 8 kann auch durch einen Motorantrieb ersetzt werden. Das Dreh-Schwing-Gelenk 5 transformiert den Schwenkwinkel der Betätigungswelle von 180° in einen Drehwinkel der Antriebswelle des Schaltmessers 4 (Schaltantriebswelle) von 90°. Ausserdem ist dieses Gelenk so gestaltet, dass es eine kontinuierliche Drehbewegung der Betätigungswelle in eine Schwingbewegung der Schalterantriebswelle mit einem Schwingwinkel von 90° umwandelt, was zur Folge hat, dass die Betätigungswelle zum Ein- und Ausschalten des Trennschalters 3 wahlweise hin und her oder in der gleichen Drehrichtung bewegt werden kann. Letzteres bewirkt bei Verwendung eines Motorantriebes eine erhebliche steuerungstechnische Vereinfachung.The medium-voltage switchgear cell 1 shown schematically in FIG. 1 contains a double busbar system with disconnectors, power disconnectors and earthing switches. For better The overview is only a single busbar system 2 and a disconnector 3 with a drive system for the switching knife 4, consisting of a rotary and oscillating joint 5 shown in FIG. 2, a double universal joint 6 shown in FIG. 3, which have a Coupling shaft 7 are connected to each other, as well as a plug-in switching key 8 for the manual drive of this drive system. The switching key 8 can also be replaced by a motor drive. The rotary oscillating joint 5 transforms the swivel angle of the actuating shaft from 180 ° into an angle of rotation of the drive shaft of the switching blade 4 (switching drive shaft) of 90 °. In addition, this joint is designed in such a way that it converts a continuous rotary movement of the actuating shaft into an oscillating movement of the switch drive shaft with an oscillating angle of 90 °, with the result that the actuating shaft for switching the isolating switch 3 on and off alternately back and forth or in the same direction of rotation can be moved. The latter causes a considerable simplification of control technology when using a motor drive.

Das in Fig. 2 dargestellte Dreh-Schwing-Gelenk besitzt antriebsseitig eine Hülse 9, in deren zentrische gefiederte Bohrung 10 die mit entsprechenden Nuten versehene Kupplungswelle 7 (Fig. 1) einsteckbar ist. Die Hülse 9 besitzt am gegenüberliegenden Ende der Bohrung 10 eine Nase 11, die in einem Winkel von 45 zur Zentralachse der Bohrung 10 diagonal abgefast ist. In diese diagonale Fläche der Nase 11 ist ein Zapfen 12 so eingelassen, dass seine Zentralachse mit derZentralachse der Bohrung 10 einen Winkel von etwa 45° bildet. Auf dem Zapfen 12 ist eine Buchse 13 drehbar gelagert. Diese besitzt in einem Winkel von 90° zu ihrer Drehachse etwa in der Mitte ihrer Längsausdehnung gegenüberliegend angeordnete Gelenkzapfen 14, auf denen eine Schwinggelenkgabel 15, die mit einer Kupplungsplatte 16 fest verbunden ist, schwenkbar gelagert ist. Ein solches Dreh-Schwing-Gelenk setzt die Drehbewegung der Hülse 9 von 180° in eine Schwenkbewegung der Kupplungsplatte 16 von 90° um. Mit einem solchen Gelenk kann also eine kontinuierliche Drehbewegung der Hülse 9 und damit der Kupplungswelle (7) (Fig. 1) in eine Schwingbewegung der Kupplungsplatte 16 von 90° umgesetzt werden. Eine Hin- und Herbewegung der Kupplungswelle (7) um 180° führt zu dem gleichen Ergebnis. Durch diese beiden Möglichkeiten ist sowohl ein Handantrieb, bei dem eine Schwenkbewegung von 180° bevorzugt wird, wie auch ein in einer einzigen Drehrichtung betriebener, entsprechend gesteuerter Motor einsetzbar.The rotary oscillating joint shown in FIG. 2 has a sleeve 9 on the drive side, into the central, feathered bore 10 of which the coupling shaft 7 provided with corresponding grooves (FIG. 1) can be inserted. The sleeve 9 has at the opposite end of the bore 10 a nose 11 which is chamfered diagonally at an angle of 45 to the central axis of the bore 10. A pin 12 is embedded in this diagonal surface of the nose 11 in such a way that its central axis forms an angle of approximately 45 ° with the central axis of the bore 10. A bush 13 is rotatably mounted on the pin 12. This has at an angle of 90 ° to its axis of rotation approximately in the middle of its longitudinal extension opposite pivot pins 14, on which a swing joint fork 15, which is fixedly connected to a coupling plate 16, is pivotally mounted. Such a rotary-oscillating joint converts the rotary movement of the sleeve 9 from 180 ° into a pivoting movement of the coupling plate 16 of 90 °. With such a joint, a continuous rotary movement of the sleeve 9 and thus the coupling shaft (7) (FIG. 1) can be converted into an oscillating movement of the coupling plate 16 of 90 °. A reciprocating movement of the coupling shaft (7) by 180 ° leads to the same result. Through these two possibilities, both a manual drive, in which a pivoting movement of 180 ° is preferred, and a correspondingly controlled motor operated in a single direction of rotation can be used.

Aus dem theoretischem Maschinenbau ist es bekannt, dass sich das Antriebsdrehmoment eines solchen Dreh-Schwing-Gelenks in Abhängigkeit vom Drehwinkel des Antriebes ändert. In der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Position erreicht das Antriebsdrehmoment ein Maximum während es in einem Winkel von 90° dazu ein Minimum durchläuft. Die Winkelgeschwindigkeit verhält sich umgekehrt dazu. Für den praktischen Betrieb bedeuet dies, dass sich das Schaltmesser 4 bei gleicher Winkelgeschwindigkeit der Betätigungswelle langsam aus seiner in Fig. 1 dargestellten Lage mit zunehmender Geschwindigkeit zur Mitte hin bewegt, um dann mit stetig abnehmender Geschwindigkeit die andere Endstellung zu erreichen. Das Drehmoment hat den umgekehrten Verlauf. Dieser nichtlineare Verlauf ist bei einem Trennschalter deswegen besonders günstig, weil das Schaltmesser im letzten Teil seiner Einschaltbewegung wegen der verhältnismässig hohen Reibungskräfte, die bei der Berührung mit dem Gegenkontakt 17 auftreten, sein grösstes Drehmoment benötigt. Durch die gleichzeitig auftretende grosse Untersetzung zwischen Betätigungswelle und Schaltantriebswelle wird darüberhinaus ein hohes Mass an Schaltsicherheit und ein ausreichender Schaltweg für einen Meldeschalter erreicht.It is known from theoretical mechanical engineering that the drive torque of such a rotary and oscillating joint changes as a function of the angle of rotation of the drive. In the position shown in Fig. 2, the drive torque reaches a maximum while it passes through a minimum at an angle of 90 °. The angular velocity is the other way round. For practical operation, this means that the switch blade 4, with the same angular velocity of the actuating shaft, slowly moves from its position shown in FIG. 1 with increasing speed towards the center, in order then to reach the other end position with a continuously decreasing speed. The torque has the opposite course. This non-linear profile is particularly favorable in a disconnector because the switch blade needs its greatest torque in the last part of its switch-on movement because of the relatively high frictional forces that occur when it comes into contact with the counter contact 17. Due to the simultaneous large reduction between the actuating shaft and the switching drive shaft, a high degree of switching reliability and a sufficient switching path for a signaling switch are also achieved.

Wenn nun, beispielsweise durch eine Anordnung von Schalterantriebswelle und Betätigungswelle in unterschiedlichen Ebenen eine weitere Umlenkung innerhalb des Antriebssystems erforderlich wird, besteht die Notwendigkeit, eine zusätzliche Gelenkverbindung in das Antriebssystem einzufügen. Diese muss aber im Gegensatz zu dem vorbeschriebenen Dreh-Schwing-Gelenk (Fig. 2) die Bewegung im Verhältnis 1:1 übertragen. Durch die hinzutretenden Reibungsverluste wird nun der Verlauf des Drehmomentes des Antriebssystems in Abhängigkeit vom Drehwinkel im mittleren Bereich ohne weitere Massnahmen so ungünstig, dass zwar noch ein Trennschalter, nicht jedoch ein Leistungstrennschalter betätigt werden kann. Hier setzt nun die Erfindung ein, derzufolge als weitere Gelenkverbindung ebenfalls eine solche mit nichtlinearer Abhängigkeit des Drehmomentes vom Drehwinkel benutzt wird. Als für diesen Zweck besonders geeignet hat sich eine Kardangelenkverbindung erwiesen, deren Antriebsgabel in den Endstellungen des Schalters in der Beugungsebene des Gelenks angeordnet ist. Für manche Anwendungsfälle reicht eine einfache Gelenkverbindung dieser Art aus. Eine nahezu vollständige Kompensation des ungünstigen Drehmomentverlaufs des in Fig. 2 dargestellten Dreh-Schwing-Gelenks nach Verlauf und Grösse in Abhängigkeit von Drehwinkel wird erreicht durch die Anwendung eines Doppel-Kardan-Gelenks, wenn es, wie in Fig. 3 dargestellt, so gestaltet ist, dass die beiden Gelenke nicht gleichlaufend, sondern ungleichlaufend, d.h. in einem Winkel von 90° gegeneinander versetzt angeordnet sind.If a further deflection within the drive system is now required, for example due to an arrangement of the switch drive shaft and actuation shaft in different planes, there is a need to insert an additional articulated connection into the drive system. In contrast to the above-described torsion-vibration joint (Fig. 2), this must transmit the movement in a ratio of 1: 1. Due to the additional frictional losses, the course of the torque of the drive system, depending on the angle of rotation in the central region, becomes so unfavorable without further measures that a disconnector can still be actuated, but not a circuit breaker. This is where the invention comes in, according to which a joint with a non-linear dependence of the torque on the angle of rotation is also used as a further joint connection. A universal joint connection has proven to be particularly suitable for this purpose, the drive fork of which is arranged in the end positions of the switch in the diffraction plane of the joint. A simple articulated connection of this type is sufficient for some applications. An almost complete compensation of the unfavorable torque curve of the torsional-vibration joint shown in FIG. 2 according to the course and size as a function of the angle of rotation is achieved by using a double cardan joint if it is designed as shown in FIG. 3 is that the two joints are not synchronous, but non-synchronous, ie are offset from each other at an angle of 90 °.

Darüberhinaus bietet ein solches Doppel-Kardan- Gelenk die Möglichkeit einer zentralen Lagerung der Zwischenwelle 18, so dass die Positionen von Antriebswelle und Abtriebswelle, deren Winkelstellung zueinander etwa zwischen 45° und 90° betragen sollte, im übrigen frei wählbar sind.In addition, such a double cardan joint offers the possibility of a central mounting of the intermediate shaft 18, so that the positions of the drive shaft and the output shaft, the angular position of which should be approximately between 45 ° and 90 °, can otherwise be freely selected.

Ein solches Doppel-Kardan-Gelenk besteht gemäss Fig. 3 aus der Antriebsgabel 19 mit der Antriebshülse 20, welche eine Öffnung für das Einstecken des Betätigungsschlüssels 8 besitzt, einer Abtriebsgabel 21 mit der Abtriebshülse 22, die ebenfalls eine gefiederte Bohrung zum Einstecken der Kupplungs-Nutwelle 7 besitzt, sowie einer Zwischenwelle 18 mit der Antriebs-Zwischengabel 23 und der Abtriebszwischengabel 24. Beide Gabeln sind in einem Winkel von 90° gegeneinander verdreht angeordnet. Die Zwischenwelle 18 ist in einem Doppel-Rollenlager 25 drehbar gelagert, das über einen Lagerring 26 mit einem Lagerbock 27 verschraubt ist, der über einen Halterungswinkel 28 an der Gehäusewand 29 der Schaltzelle 1 befestigt ist.According to FIG. 3, such a double cardan joint consists of the drive fork 19 with the drive sleeve 20, which has an opening for inserting the actuating key 8, an output fork 21 with the drive sleeve 22, which also has a feathered bore for inserting the clutch Grooved shaft 7 has, as well as an intermediate shaft 18 with the drive intermediate fork 23 and the output intermediate fork 24. Both forks are rotated at an angle of 90 ° to each other. The intermediate shaft 18 is rotatably mounted in a double roller bearing 25, which via egg NEN bearing ring 26 is screwed to a bearing block 27 which is attached to the housing wall 29 of the switch cell 1 via a bracket 28.

Das aus den vorgenannten Elementen gebildete Antriebssystem bietet, wenn es entsprechend der Darstellung in Fig. 1 so ausgeführt ist, dass das Dreh-Schwing-Gelenk seine Drehmoment-Maxima in den Endstellungen des Schalters und das Doppel-Kardan-Gelenk in diesen Stellungen seine Drehmoment-Minima erreicht, eine Vielzahl konstruktiver Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten und ist wegen seines nahezu linearen Drehmomentverlaufs über den gesamten Schaltwinkel sowohl für Trennschalter wie für Leistungsschalter und Erdungsschalter brauchbar. Darüberhinaus ist es unabhängig von der Drehrichtung der Betätigungswelle und sowohl im kontinuierlichen Rechts- oder Linkslauf wie auch mit wechselnden Drehrichtungen beim Ein- und Ausschalten, etwa durch einen Handhebel, betätigbar. Die Gelenke selbst sind handelsübliche, verhältnismässig preiswerte und nahezu wartungsfreie Bauelemente.The drive system formed from the aforementioned elements offers, if it is designed as shown in Fig. 1 so that the rotary-swing joint its torque maxima in the end positions of the switch and the double cardan joint in these positions its torque -Minima achieved a variety of design options and is due to its almost linear torque curve over the entire switching angle usable for disconnectors as well as for circuit breakers and earthing switches. In addition, it can be operated regardless of the direction of rotation of the actuating shaft and both in continuous clockwise or counter-clockwise rotation and with changing directions of rotation when switching on and off, for example by means of a hand lever. The joints themselves are commercially available, relatively inexpensive and almost maintenance-free components.

Claims (3)

1. A drive system for electric two-position breakers in medium and high voltage switching installations with repeated deflections of the operating shaft by articulated connections, one of which is designed as a rotary pivot joint (10-16) characterised by the combination of the rotary pivot joint (10 to 16) allotted to the switch (3) with non-linear course for the moment of rotation and angular velocity depending on the angle of rotation, and at least one further angled joint (18 to 24) which is arranged between the first joint and the operating element (8) and is connected to the first joint by means of a coupling shaft (7), and which has a non-linear course for the moment of rotation in dependence on the angle of rotation, in such a mutual assignment of the two angle joints that, in that region of the angle of rotation in which the rotary pivot joint (10 to 16) reaches its minimum moment of rotation, the further angle joints (18 to 24) pass through the maximum value of their moment of rotation.
2. A drive system as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that a double Cardan joint is selected as a further angled joint, whose forks (23, 24) turned with respect to one another are secured on an intermediate shaft (18) so as be twisted with respect to one another at an angle of at least approximately 90°; and wherein the deflection angle ranges approximately between 45° and 90°.
3. A drive system as claimed in Claim 2, characterised in that the intermediate shaft (18) is rotatably mounted on a supporting angle member (26, 27, 28) which is secured to the switching installation.
EP84103616A 1983-04-13 1984-04-02 Driving system for electric two-position breakers in medium and high voltage switch gears Expired EP0124760B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84103616T ATE23761T1 (en) 1983-04-13 1984-04-02 ACTUATOR SYSTEM FOR ELECTRICAL TWO-POSITION SWITCHES IN MEDIUM AND HIGH VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3313254A DE3313254C1 (en) 1983-04-13 1983-04-13 Drive system for electrical two-position switches in medium and high voltage switchgear
DE3313254 1983-04-13

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0124760A2 EP0124760A2 (en) 1984-11-14
EP0124760A3 EP0124760A3 (en) 1985-07-10
EP0124760B1 true EP0124760B1 (en) 1986-11-20

Family

ID=6196194

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84103616A Expired EP0124760B1 (en) 1983-04-13 1984-04-02 Driving system for electric two-position breakers in medium and high voltage switch gears

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Country Link
EP (1) EP0124760B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE23761T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3313254C1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202012013384U1 (en) * 2012-10-22 2016-08-25 Abb Ag Rotary actuated switching arrangement for a switchgear

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB907857A (en) * 1959-08-19 1962-10-10 Switchgear And Equipment Ltd Improvements relating to operating mechanism for electrical switchgear
DE1490509A1 (en) * 1964-01-21 1969-06-12 Siemens Ag Angular gear for switchgear

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0124760A3 (en) 1985-07-10
EP0124760A2 (en) 1984-11-14
DE3313254C1 (en) 1984-06-28
ATE23761T1 (en) 1986-12-15
DE3461404D1 (en) 1987-01-08

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