EP0124340A2 - Apparatus for tensioning bolts and studs - Google Patents
Apparatus for tensioning bolts and studs Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0124340A2 EP0124340A2 EP84302770A EP84302770A EP0124340A2 EP 0124340 A2 EP0124340 A2 EP 0124340A2 EP 84302770 A EP84302770 A EP 84302770A EP 84302770 A EP84302770 A EP 84302770A EP 0124340 A2 EP0124340 A2 EP 0124340A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- stud
- bolt
- head
- puller
- keying
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B29/00—Accessories
- B25B29/02—Bolt tensioners
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hydraulically operable device for applying tension to solid bolts and studs in bolted flange joints, such as for example in joints employed in off-shore structures.
- Torque tightening of solid bolts or studs is time consuming and leads, frequently, to galling problems between mating surfaces. There is also a lack of predictability of the load in the torque-tightened bolt.
- Hydraulically operable devices have been used to tension solid bolts or studs in flanged joints, for example in steam turbine casings. These comprise a device having a body portion which includes an annular piston surrounding the bolt or stud extending through the flange, and a puller member which is screwed onto a threaded extension of the bolt or stud. The annular piston is urged against the flange by hydraulic fluid under pressure in order to tension the bolt or stud.
- a radial slot in the piston enables the nut on the bolt or stud to be screwed down against the flange in order to maintain the tension when the hydraulic pressure is removed. It has also been proposed in UK patent 1 467 234 to use a beam member in which spaced cylindrical pistons and cylinders are used in order to tension a bolt or stud.
- US patents 3 917 224 and 4 012 826 also relate to tensioning devices for screwthreaded fasteners. Whilst all such tensioning devices involve the "pulling" of the bolt or stud in order to tension it, and do not involve “lifting", they are frequently known in the industry as jacks or jacking devices.
- the present invention provides a means for quick and precise location of the tensioner on to the stud of bolt, and provides simultaneously interlocking safety features.
- apparatus for tensioning a bolt or stud for a flanged connnection comprising a body portion and a puller member for connection, in use, to the bolt or stud to be tensioned, the body member including at least one annular recess in which a sealing member is located and means for admitting hydraulic fluid into the annular recess or recesses, and a piston member of generally annular shape surrounding the bolt or stud and abutting the reaction face of the flange, characterised in that the puller member has a bayonet type connecting means and a spring-biassed keying member for attachment in use to the head of the bolt or stud, the keying member and head each shaped such that they will mate only when the apparatus is correctly positioned.
- the keying member interlocks with an air valve which controls the supply of compressed air to an air- driven hydraulic pump such that the air valve can only be opened when the tensioner is correctly located on the head of the stud or bolt.
- the bayonet-type connection may be of the conventional type in which radially extending lugs on the bolt or stud engage with cooperating lugs on the puller member.
- the bolt or stud has a plurality of intermittent circumferential buttressed teeth which engage with a plurality of buttressed intermittent grooves within the puller member.
- the buttressed connection will withstand heavy axial thrust.
- the back (top) of the teeth have a slope of about 45° whilst the front (bottom) of the teeth are perpendicular to the axis of the puller member and of the bolt or stud.
- both back and front teeth may be set at an angle, for example about 30°, to the horizontal.
- the buttressed grooves are shaped to mate with the teeth.
- the keying member may, for example, have an elongated rectangular projection which mates with a matching keyway or recess in the bolt or stud, or may comprise a square or cruciform projection for use with a matching recess in the head of the bolt or stud. Alternatively the keying member may be recessed to mate with a projection on the head of the bolt or stud.
- the body portion of the tensioner of the invention may comprise a plurality of coacting components which together define the annular recess and form the piston member.
- the body portion may be integral and shaped to define an annular recess between the puller member and itself.
- the puller member is provided with means for attachment to, or support by, the body member at the end distant from the bolt or stud.
- a solid annular seal of a plastics material such as polyurethane is located at the bottom of the or each annular recess, and serves to prevent the leakage of hydraulic fluid via the piston.
- An annular tyre into which hydraulic fluid is admitted to effect pressurisation may also be used but in general has insufficient strength for tensioning large studs or bolts.
- the jacking device 10 has a body portion 11 having an annular recess 12 with parallel axially directed side walls 13.
- An annular seal 14 is located in the recess 12 between the bottom thereof and a piston member 15 which is a sliding fit in the recess 12.
- a passage 16 extends through the body 11 for the introduction of pressure liquid from the exterior into the recess.
- the piston member 15 is of sufficient length so that it abuts the top face of the flange 1 in use, and its inner diameter is of such size as to allow free axial movement of the nut 4.
- a radial slot, not shown, through the wall of the annular piston member 15 allows access to the nut 4 for turning it.
- a puller member 17 having an internal bayonet type connecting means 18, is attached to the body member 11 by screw thread 19.
- the puller member 17 is shown with two lugs 20 which engage with the lugs 6 on the stud head 5.
- the puller member 17 also incorporates a spring-biassed keying member 21, shown in more detail in Figure 3.
- the keying member 21 engages, in use, with the keyway 7 in the stud head 5 only when the jacking device 10 is correctly positioned on the stud head 5.
- the screwed end 19 of the puller member 17 houses the upwardly extending rod 22 of the keying member 21, at the top end of which is located an air valve 23.
- the air valve 23 is fitted with a slotted flanged bush 24.
- the slot extends generally in the axial direction but includes a local circumferential slot as shown at 25.
- the rod 22 has a cross key 26 located to slide in the slot of the bush 24.
- An operating handle 27 is attached to the upper end of the flanged bush 24. In use the handle 27 can only be moved in the horizontal plane when the cross key 26 can slide in the circumferential slot 25. This can only occur when the keying member 21 is correctly engaged in the keyway 7 of the stud head 5.
- piston return springs 30 which serve to retract the piston member 15 when the hydraulic operating pressure is released.
- the puller member 17 of the jacking device 1 is engaged with the lugs 6 of the stud head 5 of the stud to be tensioned.
- the keying member 21 in the stud puller 17 engages with the slot 7 in the stud head 5 only when correct engagement has been achieved. This allows the handle 27 to be operated to open the air valve 23 and thereby start the air operated hydraulic pump (not shown). Hydraulic fluid at high pressure is admitted to the recess 12 of the body 11 via passage 16.
- the seal 14 serves to prevent leakage of oil from the annular recess 12.
- the pressure urges the piston member 15 axially out of the recess 12 and against the flange 1, the load generated being reacted by the stud 2 through the lugs 6 on the stud head 5 via the lugs 20 in the puller member 17, thereby stretching the stud 2 within its elastic limit.
- the nut 4 With the stud 2 in its stretched state, the nut 4 is turned and nipped tight by means of a tommy bar, not shown, inserted through the slot in the wall of the annular piston member 15.
- the operating handle 27 is then returned to its original position shutting off the air and automatically releasing the hydraulic pressure.
- the piston member 15 retracts into the body member 11 under the action of the spring 30.
- the jacking device 1 may then be removed from the stud 2 and is ready for use on further studs.
- the body portion 40 consists of a piston 41a,41b joined by keep-plate 42, and an inner ring defining two annular recesses 44, 45, each recess having an annular seal 46, 47 located at the bottom.
- a nut 48 retains the body portion in place and is fastened by screw threads 49 to the puller member 50.
- Means for supply of pressure liquid are provided as for the embodiment shown in Figure 3.
- the puller member 50 has an internal bayonet type connecting means 51 which consists of intermittent circumferential buttressed grooves 52 which mate with buttress teeth 53 on the stud 54. It will be seen that the teeth are perpendicular to the axis of the stud at their front end and have a 45° slope at the back.
- the puller member 50 also incorporates a spring-biassed keying member 55.
- This has a square ended key extension 56 which engages with a matching square recess 57 in the stud head 54.
- the distant end of the keying member operates an air valve, not shown, as described with reference to the embodiment shown in Figure 3.
- This tensioning device operates in the same way as for the previous embodiment.
- the grooves 52 of the puller member 50 engage with the teeth 53 of the stud, and it is only when this engagement is correctly achieved that the key extension 56 on the keying member 55 engages with the key way 57 in the stud head 54. This allows the air valve to be opened as in the previous embodiment. Hydraulic fluid is admitted at high pressure to the recesses 44, 45 and urges the piston 41b against the flange 1. The reacting forces lead to stretching of the stud which is tightened as before.
- FIG. 6 there is shown an alternative embodiment of a tensioner 60 in which the body portion 61 is integral and defines two annular recesses 62, 63 between itself and the puller member 64.
- the puller member 64 is shown with a shoulder 65 which abuts the body portion 61.
- Dished disc springs 66 are located above the shoulder 65 by retaining ring 67.
- Engagement between the puller member and stud are as shown in the previous embodiment and described in reference to Figures 4 and 5.
- hydraulic fluid is admitted to the recesses 62, 63 via inlet means 68 after engagement of the buttress teeth of the stud in the grooves of the puller member, and engagement of the key extension in the stud head recess.
- the pressure in the recesses 62, 63 urges the body portion 61, with its integral piston, against the flange and the reaction through the puller member stretches the stud which is tightened as in the first embodiment described with reference to Figure 3.
- Tensioning devices, and "jacking systems" of the present invention are particularly useful for tensioning solid bolts in flanged connections in off-shore structures. Thus, they are particularly useful in oil-well riser pipe connections and in tension legs. Other applications include flanged connections in turbine generators and nuclear power plant.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Hand Tools For Fitting Together And Separating, Or Other Hand Tools (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a hydraulically operable device for applying tension to solid bolts and studs in bolted flange joints, such as for example in joints employed in off-shore structures.
- Torque tightening of solid bolts or studs is time consuming and leads, frequently, to galling problems between mating surfaces. There is also a lack of predictability of the load in the torque-tightened bolt. Hydraulically operable devices have been used to tension solid bolts or studs in flanged joints, for example in steam turbine casings. These comprise a device having a body portion which includes an annular piston surrounding the bolt or stud extending through the flange, and a puller member which is screwed onto a threaded extension of the bolt or stud. The annular piston is urged against the flange by hydraulic fluid under pressure in order to tension the bolt or stud. A radial slot in the piston enables the nut on the bolt or stud to be screwed down against the flange in order to maintain the tension when the hydraulic pressure is removed. It has also been proposed in UK
patent 1 467 234 to use a beam member in which spaced cylindrical pistons and cylinders are used in order to tension a bolt or stud. - US
patents 3 917 224 and 4 012 826 also relate to tensioning devices for screwthreaded fasteners. Whilst all such tensioning devices involve the "pulling" of the bolt or stud in order to tension it, and do not involve "lifting", they are frequently known in the industry as jacks or jacking devices. - It has been found that the location of such devices on to the thread is time consuming, and it is not possible to readily ascertain whether sufficient thread engagement has been achieved.
- The present invention provides a means for quick and precise location of the tensioner on to the stud of bolt, and provides simultaneously interlocking safety features.
- According to the present invention there is provided apparatus for tensioning a bolt or stud for a flanged connnection comprising a body portion and a puller member for connection, in use, to the bolt or stud to be tensioned, the body member including at least one annular recess in which a sealing member is located and means for admitting hydraulic fluid into the annular recess or recesses, and a piston member of generally annular shape surrounding the bolt or stud and abutting the reaction face of the flange, characterised in that the puller member has a bayonet type connecting means and a spring-biassed keying member for attachment in use to the head of the bolt or stud, the keying member and head each shaped such that they will mate only when the apparatus is correctly positioned.
- In accordance with an important feature of the device the keying member interlocks with an air valve which controls the supply of compressed air to an air- driven hydraulic pump such that the air valve can only be opened when the tensioner is correctly located on the head of the stud or bolt.
- The bayonet-type connection may be of the conventional type in which radially extending lugs on the bolt or stud engage with cooperating lugs on the puller member. However preferably the bolt or stud has a plurality of intermittent circumferential buttressed teeth which engage with a plurality of buttressed intermittent grooves within the puller member. The buttressed connection will withstand heavy axial thrust. In one embodiment the back (top) of the teeth have a slope of about 45° whilst the front (bottom) of the teeth are perpendicular to the axis of the puller member and of the bolt or stud. Alternatively both back and front teeth may be set at an angle, for example about 30°, to the horizontal. The buttressed grooves are shaped to mate with the teeth.
- The keying member may, for example, have an elongated rectangular projection which mates with a matching keyway or recess in the bolt or stud, or may comprise a square or cruciform projection for use with a matching recess in the head of the bolt or stud. Alternatively the keying member may be recessed to mate with a projection on the head of the bolt or stud.
- The body portion of the tensioner of the invention may comprise a plurality of coacting components which together define the annular recess and form the piston member. However the body portion may be integral and shaped to define an annular recess between the puller member and itself. The puller member is provided with means for attachment to, or support by, the body member at the end distant from the bolt or stud.
- Preferably a solid annular seal of a plastics material such as polyurethane is located at the bottom of the or each annular recess, and serves to prevent the leakage of hydraulic fluid via the piston. An annular tyre into which hydraulic fluid is admitted to effect pressurisation may also be used but in general has insufficient strength for tensioning large studs or bolts.
- The invention will now be described by reference to the accompanying drawings in which:-
- Figure 1 is a view in section of apparatus of the present invention for tensioning a stud shown as a fastener for a flanged connection.
- Figure 2 is a view of the stud used in Figure 1.
- Figure 3 is a section of one embodiment of the invention incorporating an air valve system.
- Figure 4 is a section of an alternative embodiment and
- Figure 5 is a cross-section on AA of Figure 4.
- Figure 6 is a section of a further alternative embodiment.
- Figure 1 shows a
flanged connection 1 provided with astud 2 to be tensioned therethrough. Thestud 2 is anchored at its lower end by anut 3 or other suitable means. A further nut 4 is located adjacent the head end for transmitting the clamp load on the flanges. Figure 2 shows in more detail thehead 5 of thestud 2 which is of the bayonet type. The head is shown with twolugs 6, although more may prove desirable. Atransverse keyway 7 is located in thehead 5. - The
jacking device 10 has abody portion 11 having anannular recess 12 with parallel axially directedside walls 13. Anannular seal 14 is located in therecess 12 between the bottom thereof and apiston member 15 which is a sliding fit in therecess 12. Apassage 16 extends through thebody 11 for the introduction of pressure liquid from the exterior into the recess. Thepiston member 15 is of sufficient length so that it abuts the top face of theflange 1 in use, and its inner diameter is of such size as to allow free axial movement of the nut 4. A radial slot, not shown, through the wall of theannular piston member 15 allows access to the nut 4 for turning it. Apuller member 17 having an internal bayonet type connecting means 18, is attached to thebody member 11 byscrew thread 19. Thepuller member 17 is shown with twolugs 20 which engage with thelugs 6 on thestud head 5. Thepuller member 17 also incorporates a spring-biassedkeying member 21, shown in more detail in Figure 3. The keyingmember 21 engages, in use, with thekeyway 7 in thestud head 5 only when thejacking device 10 is correctly positioned on thestud head 5. Thescrewed end 19 of thepuller member 17 houses the upwardly extendingrod 22 of thekeying member 21, at the top end of which is located anair valve 23. Theair valve 23 is fitted with a slotted flanged bush 24. The slot extends generally in the axial direction but includes a local circumferential slot as shown at 25. Therod 22 has a cross key 26 located to slide in the slot of the bush 24. Anoperating handle 27 is attached to the upper end of the flanged bush 24. In use thehandle 27 can only be moved in the horizontal plane when the cross key 26 can slide in thecircumferential slot 25. This can only occur when the keyingmember 21 is correctly engaged in thekeyway 7 of thestud head 5. - Also shown in Figure 3 are
piston return springs 30 which serve to retract thepiston member 15 when the hydraulic operating pressure is released. - In operation the
puller member 17 of thejacking device 1 is engaged with thelugs 6 of thestud head 5 of the stud to be tensioned. The keyingmember 21 in thestud puller 17 engages with theslot 7 in thestud head 5 only when correct engagement has been achieved. This allows thehandle 27 to be operated to open theair valve 23 and thereby start the air operated hydraulic pump (not shown). Hydraulic fluid at high pressure is admitted to therecess 12 of thebody 11 viapassage 16. Theseal 14 serves to prevent leakage of oil from theannular recess 12. The pressure urges thepiston member 15 axially out of therecess 12 and against theflange 1, the load generated being reacted by thestud 2 through thelugs 6 on thestud head 5 via thelugs 20 in thepuller member 17, thereby stretching thestud 2 within its elastic limit. With thestud 2 in its stretched state, the nut 4 is turned and nipped tight by means of a tommy bar, not shown, inserted through the slot in the wall of theannular piston member 15. Theoperating handle 27 is then returned to its original position shutting off the air and automatically releasing the hydraulic pressure. Thepiston member 15 retracts into thebody member 11 under the action of thespring 30. The jackingdevice 1 may then be removed from thestud 2 and is ready for use on further studs. - Referring to Figure 4, the
body portion 40 consists of a piston 41a,41b joined by keep-plate 42, and an inner ring defining twoannular recesses annular seal nut 48 retains the body portion in place and is fastened byscrew threads 49 to thepuller member 50. Means for supply of pressure liquid are provided as for the embodiment shown in Figure 3. Thepuller member 50 has an internal bayonettype connecting means 51 which consists of intermittent circumferential buttressedgrooves 52 which mate with buttressteeth 53 on thestud 54. It will be seen that the teeth are perpendicular to the axis of the stud at their front end and have a 45° slope at the back. The arrangement of the buttressed teeth and grooves are shown more clearly in Figure 5. Thepuller member 50 also incorporates a spring-biassed keying member 55. This has a square endedkey extension 56 which engages with a matchingsquare recess 57 in thestud head 54. The distant end of the keying member operates an air valve, not shown, as described with reference to the embodiment shown in Figure 3. This tensioning device operates in the same way as for the previous embodiment. Thegrooves 52 of thepuller member 50 engage with theteeth 53 of the stud, and it is only when this engagement is correctly achieved that thekey extension 56 on the keyingmember 55 engages with thekey way 57 in thestud head 54. This allows the air valve to be opened as in the previous embodiment. Hydraulic fluid is admitted at high pressure to therecesses flange 1. The reacting forces lead to stretching of the stud which is tightened as before. - Referring to Figure 6, there is shown an alternative embodiment of a
tensioner 60 in which the body portion 61 is integral and defines twoannular recesses puller member 64. Thepuller member 64 is shown with ashoulder 65 which abuts the body portion 61. Dished disc springs 66 are located above theshoulder 65 by retainingring 67. Engagement between the puller member and stud are as shown in the previous embodiment and described in reference to Figures 4 and 5. In operation hydraulic fluid is admitted to therecesses recesses - Tensioning devices, and "jacking systems" of the present invention are particularly useful for tensioning solid bolts in flanged connections in off-shore structures. Thus, they are particularly useful in oil-well riser pipe connections and in tension legs. Other applications include flanged connections in turbine generators and nuclear power plant.
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB838311702A GB8311702D0 (en) | 1983-04-29 | 1983-04-29 | Hydraulic jacking system |
GB8311702 | 1983-04-29 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0124340A2 true EP0124340A2 (en) | 1984-11-07 |
EP0124340A3 EP0124340A3 (en) | 1986-03-05 |
EP0124340B1 EP0124340B1 (en) | 1989-07-26 |
Family
ID=10541884
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19840302770 Expired EP0124340B1 (en) | 1983-04-29 | 1984-04-25 | Apparatus for tensioning bolts and studs |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0124340B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3479100D1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB8311702D0 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2685238A1 (en) * | 1991-12-24 | 1993-06-25 | Westfalia Becorit Ind Tech | DEVICE FOR SCREWING LID OF PRESSURE TANKS AND THE LIKE, ESPECIALLY OF TANKS UNDER PRESSURE OF REACTORS. |
KR101378657B1 (en) | 2012-11-22 | 2014-03-26 | 현대위아 주식회사 | Safety fence for press |
CN110293392A (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2019-10-01 | 苏州博瑞达智能设备有限公司 | A kind of double nut locking assembling mechanism |
EP3566815A1 (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2019-11-13 | Schaaf GmbH & Co. KG | Fastening arrangement for tensioning fixing means comprising at least one anti-twist device |
US11311973B2 (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2022-04-26 | Jörg Hohmann | Device for tightening screw connections |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4020720A (en) * | 1975-06-04 | 1977-05-03 | Kaneharu Fujii | Apparatus for tightening high-strength steel bolts |
FR2427881A1 (en) * | 1978-06-09 | 1980-01-04 | Kloeckner Werke Ag | BOLT TIGHTENING DEVICE |
EP0009973A2 (en) * | 1978-10-03 | 1980-04-16 | Pilgrim Engineering Developments Limited | Stud manipulating device |
DE2900296A1 (en) * | 1979-01-05 | 1980-07-24 | Volkswagenwerk Ag | Modified tip region for screwdriver - has screwdriver blade enclosed in body with radial guide surfaces enveloping screw head |
EP0057346A2 (en) * | 1981-01-29 | 1982-08-11 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Reactor vessel stud closure system |
-
1983
- 1983-04-29 GB GB838311702A patent/GB8311702D0/en active Pending
-
1984
- 1984-04-25 EP EP19840302770 patent/EP0124340B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-04-25 DE DE8484302770T patent/DE3479100D1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4020720A (en) * | 1975-06-04 | 1977-05-03 | Kaneharu Fujii | Apparatus for tightening high-strength steel bolts |
FR2427881A1 (en) * | 1978-06-09 | 1980-01-04 | Kloeckner Werke Ag | BOLT TIGHTENING DEVICE |
EP0009973A2 (en) * | 1978-10-03 | 1980-04-16 | Pilgrim Engineering Developments Limited | Stud manipulating device |
DE2900296A1 (en) * | 1979-01-05 | 1980-07-24 | Volkswagenwerk Ag | Modified tip region for screwdriver - has screwdriver blade enclosed in body with radial guide surfaces enveloping screw head |
EP0057346A2 (en) * | 1981-01-29 | 1982-08-11 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Reactor vessel stud closure system |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
HYDRAULIC PNEUMATIC POWER, vol. 78, no. 14, April 1968, pages, 230-231, Morden, GB; C. VINCIGUERRA et al.: "Hydraulic tightening of nuts and couplings" * |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2685238A1 (en) * | 1991-12-24 | 1993-06-25 | Westfalia Becorit Ind Tech | DEVICE FOR SCREWING LID OF PRESSURE TANKS AND THE LIKE, ESPECIALLY OF TANKS UNDER PRESSURE OF REACTORS. |
KR101378657B1 (en) | 2012-11-22 | 2014-03-26 | 현대위아 주식회사 | Safety fence for press |
US11311973B2 (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2022-04-26 | Jörg Hohmann | Device for tightening screw connections |
EP3566815A1 (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2019-11-13 | Schaaf GmbH & Co. KG | Fastening arrangement for tensioning fixing means comprising at least one anti-twist device |
CN110293392A (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2019-10-01 | 苏州博瑞达智能设备有限公司 | A kind of double nut locking assembling mechanism |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB8311702D0 (en) | 1983-06-02 |
DE3479100D1 (en) | 1989-08-31 |
EP0124340A3 (en) | 1986-03-05 |
EP0124340B1 (en) | 1989-07-26 |
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