EP0123961B1 - Abrasion-resistant composite article and process for its manufacture - Google Patents

Abrasion-resistant composite article and process for its manufacture Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0123961B1
EP0123961B1 EP84103772A EP84103772A EP0123961B1 EP 0123961 B1 EP0123961 B1 EP 0123961B1 EP 84103772 A EP84103772 A EP 84103772A EP 84103772 A EP84103772 A EP 84103772A EP 0123961 B1 EP0123961 B1 EP 0123961B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weight
hard
particles
composite body
metal
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EP84103772A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0123961A2 (en
EP0123961A3 (en
Inventor
Josef Blum
Johannes Jachowski
Helmut Klasing
Paul Pant
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Fried Krupp AG
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Fried Krupp AG
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Priority to AT84103772T priority Critical patent/ATE33042T1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
    • C22C33/0292—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with more than 5% preformed carbides, nitrides or borides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/14—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product the objects being filamentary or particulate in form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wear-resistant composite body which consists of a metallic base material and a wear-resistant zone which contains hard material and / or hard metal particles in addition to the base material.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing this wear-resistant composite body.
  • the composite bodies of the type mentioned at the outset include wear parts which are armored with weld-on alloys.
  • the weld-on alloys consist of hard material or hard metal particles which are surrounded by a welding electrode jacket.
  • the electrode jacket forms a metal matrix in which the hard material and hard metal particles are embedded.
  • the metallic base and the electrode jacket can consist of the same alloy.
  • the welded-on material forms the wear-resistant zone of the wearing part.
  • the use of weld-on alloys is limited by the fact that only thin layers adhere firmly enough to the metal base and that the thin layers are destroyed relatively quickly.
  • DE-PS-2 919 477 discloses a wear-resistant composite body of the type mentioned at the outset, in which the base material consists of 1 to 4% by weight of carbon, 0.3 to 0.6% by weight of silicon, 0.5 up to 1.5% by weight of manganese, 0.8 to 2.8% by weight of vanadium, 0.5 to 1.5% by weight of chromium, 2 to 10% by weight of tungsten, 0.01% by weight -% aluminum and the rest of iron and in which the initial weight of hard material or hard metal to the base material has a ratio of 1: 5, the grain size of the hard material and / or hard metal particles being 0.5 to 5 mm.
  • This composite body is produced by adding hard metal and / or hard material grains of 0.5 to 5 mm in size with simultaneous cooling of the melt to a liquid metal alloy cast into a mold, with the hard metal and hard material grains in the melt sink.
  • the composite body known from DE-PS-2 919 477 has the disadvantage that its base material can be machined only with difficulty and that its hard and / or hard metal-free area can therefore practically not be produced from the base material. Rather, the composite body known from DE-PS-2 919 477 is soldered or welded onto a metallic base when it is to be processed into a wear-resistant workpiece or machine part. It has also proven to be disadvantageous that the alloy from which the base material of the composite body according to DE-PS-2 919 477 is made is difficult to weld.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a composite body of the type mentioned, the hard metal or hard material-free metallic area can be machined well and welded in order to be able to connect the composite body with other metal parts quickly and safely.
  • a base material had to be found which can be machined and welded and which melts so low that it is suitable as a metal matrix for the storage of hard material and / or hard metal particles.
  • the invention is also based on the object of providing a method for producing the composite body.
  • the object on which the invention is based is achieved in that the base material consists of 0.001 to 1.5% by weight of carbon, 0.5 to 8% by weight of boron, 1 to 8% by weight of niobium, 0.2 to 6% by weight .-% chromium, 0 to 30 wt .-% nickel, 0 to 10 wt .-% manganese, 0 to 6 wt .-% vanadium, 0 to 5 wt .-% molybdenum, 0 to 5 wt .-% silicon as well
  • the rest of the iron is composed that the hard material and hard metal particles have a diameter of 0.1 to 20 mm and that the proportion of hard material and hard metal particles in the wear-resistant zone is between 25 and 95% by volume.
  • an alloy with the above-mentioned composition has a low melting range, which is below 1400 ° C., and that this alloy can surprisingly be machined well and is easy to weld, and hard and hard metal particles are embedded.
  • the base material therefore makes it possible to produce composite bodies with large dimensions, which have both a weldable and machinable metallic, hard and hard metal-free area and a wear-resistant, hard and hard metal-containing wear-resistant zone and in which the wear-resistant zone is full is integrated.
  • the composite body according to the invention has particularly advantageous properties and is particularly easy to weld if the base material consists of 0.05 to 0.5% by weight of carbon, 0.5 to 2% by weight of boron, 2 to 4% by weight of niobium, 2 to 4 wt.% Chromium, 10 to 20 wt.% Nickel, 4 to 8 wt.% Manganese, 1 to 3 wt.% Vanadium, 0 to 2 wt.% Molybdenum, 1 to 3 wt. -% silicon and the rest iron is composed.
  • the hard material particles consist of WC and / or W 2 C and that the hard metal particles consist of broken hard metal scrap.
  • Hard materials in the sense of the invention are hard carbides, nitrides, borides, oxides and silicides.
  • Hard metals in the sense of the invention are alloys which are composed of one or more hard materials, in particular carbides, and a binding metal which consists of iron, cobalt and / or nickel.
  • Hard metal scrap is a waste product for manufacturers and users Hard metal products and can be reused according to the invention particularly advantageously.
  • the proportion of the wear-resistant zone in the composite body is between 2 and 50% by volume.
  • the object on which the invention is based is also achieved by the creation of a method for producing the composite body, in which a metal melt consisting of 0.001 to 1.5% by weight of carbon, 0.5 to 8% by weight of boron, 1 to 8 % By weight niobium, 0.2 to 6% by weight chromium, 0 to 30% by weight nickel, 0 to 10% by weight manganese, 0 to 6% by weight vanadium, 0 to 5% by weight % Molybdenum, 0 to 5 wt .-% silicon and the rest of iron, is poured into a ceramic mold and in the hard metal and / or hard metal particles, which have a diameter of 0.1 to 20 mm, in the liquid metal melt such an amount that their share in the wear-resistant zone is between 25 and 95 vol .-%.
  • a metal melt consisting of 0.001 to 1.5% by weight of carbon, 0.5 to 8% by weight of boron, 1 to 8 %
  • niobium 0.2 to
  • This method has the advantage that the metallic area and the wear-resistant zone form one body.
  • the hard material and hard metal particles are firmly embedded in the metal matrix, which is achieved in that the hard material and hard metal particles are dissolved on their surface as they sink in the melt and are therefore very firmly embedded in the metal matrix of the wear-resistant zone which is on the Forms base of the mold.
  • Hard material and hard metal particles, which have an irregular geometric shape, are particularly firmly embedded in the metal matrix.
  • the process according to the invention can be carried out particularly economically if the mold consists of bound molding sand.
  • the hard material and / or hard metal particles are either scattered evenly onto the surface of the molten metal or that the hard material and / or hard metal particles embedded in a residue-free evaporating plastic carrier are introduced into the mold prior to casting.
  • the hard material and hard metal particles sink downward in the liquid metal melt and form the wear-resistant zone of the composite body there.
  • the sinking of the hard material and / or hard metal particles in the molten metal can be influenced in an advantageous manner in that the shape vibrates during the introduction of these particles, that is to say is set in a vibration movement by a corresponding device.
  • the composite body is used for the production of tools for removing and / or crushing coal, rocks, minerals, soil, glass or waste, since such tools are subject to particularly great wear and tear, have different geometric shapes and sizes as well as releasably or permanently connected to the corresponding machine tools.
  • the composite body according to the invention can be processed by the method for its production into a weldable excavator tooth, a rock drill, a beater for hammer mills to be fastened by screwing, or an impact plate for impact mills.
  • the racket designed in accordance with the invention has proven itself very well in practical use in the crushing of sand-lime brick.

Abstract

A wear resistant compound body is disclosed which is comprised of a metallic basic material and has a wear resistant zone which includes hard substance and/or hard metal particles in addition to the basic material. The basic material is composed of 0.001 to 1.5 weight percent carbon, 0.5 to 8 weight percent boron, 1 to 8 weight percent niobium, 0.2 to 6 weight percent chromium, 0 to 30 weight percent nickel, 0 to 10 weight percent manganese, 0 to 6 weight percent vanadium, 0 to 5 weight percent molybdenum, 0 to 5 weight percent silicon, the remainder being iron. Also disclosed is a casting process for producing the compound body.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen verschleißbeständigen Verbundkörper, der aus einem metallischen Basiswerkstoff und einer verschleißbeständigen Zone besteht, die neben dem Basiswerkstoff Hartstoff- und/oder Hartmetallteilchen enthält. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zur Herstellung dieses verschleißbeständigen Verbundkörpers.The invention relates to a wear-resistant composite body which consists of a metallic base material and a wear-resistant zone which contains hard material and / or hard metal particles in addition to the base material. The invention further relates to a method for producing this wear-resistant composite body.

Zu den Verbundkörpern der eingangs genannten Art gehören Verschleißteile, die mit Aufschweißlegierungen gepanzert sind. Die Aufschweißlegierungen bestehen aus Hartstoff-oder Hartmetallteilchen, die von einem Schweißelektrodenmantel umgeben sind. Beim Aufschweißen auf eine metallische Unterlage bildet der Elektrodenmantel eine Metallmatrix, in welche die Hartstoff- und Hartmetallteilchen eingelagert werden. Die metallische Unterlage und der Elektrodenmantel können aus der gleichen Legierung bestehen. Das aufgeschweißte Material bildet die verschleißbeständige Zone des Verschleißteils. Der Einsatz von Aufschweißlegierungen ist aber dadurch begrenzt, daß nur dünne Schichten fest genug auf der Metallunterlage haften und daß die dünnen Schichten verhältnismäßig schnell zerstört werden.The composite bodies of the type mentioned at the outset include wear parts which are armored with weld-on alloys. The weld-on alloys consist of hard material or hard metal particles which are surrounded by a welding electrode jacket. When welding onto a metallic base, the electrode jacket forms a metal matrix in which the hard material and hard metal particles are embedded. The metallic base and the electrode jacket can consist of the same alloy. The welded-on material forms the wear-resistant zone of the wearing part. The use of weld-on alloys is limited by the fact that only thin layers adhere firmly enough to the metal base and that the thin layers are destroyed relatively quickly.

Ferner ist aus der DE-PS-2 919 477 ein verschleißfester Verbundkörper der eingangs genannten Art bekannt, bei dem der Basiswerkstoff aus 1 bis 4 Gew.-% Kohlenstoff, 0,3 bis 0,6 Gew.-% Silicium, 0,5 bis 1,5 Gew.-% Mangan, 0,8 bis 2,8 Gew.-% Vanadin, 0,5 bis 1,5 Gew.-% Chrom, 2 bis 10 Gew.-% Wolfram, 0,01 Gew.-% Aluminium und Rest Eisen besteht und bei dem die Ausgangseinwaage an Hartstoff bzw. Hartmetall zum Basiswerkstoff ein Verhältnis von 1 : 5 aufweist, wobei die Körnung der Hartstoff-und/oder Hartmetallteilchen 0,5 bis 5 mm beträgt. Dieser Verbundkörper wird dadurch hergestellt, daß auf eine nach dem Erschmelzen in eine Form gegossene, flüssige Metalllegierung Hartmetall-und/oder Hartstoffkörner von 0,5 bis 5 mm Größe unter gleichzeitiger Abkühlung der Schmelze gegeben werden, wobei die Hartmetall- und Hartstoffkörner in der Schmelze absinken. Der aus der DE-PS-2 919 477 bekannte Verbundkörper hat den Nachteil, daß sein Basiswerkstoff nur schwer spanend bearbeitet werden kann und daß daher sein hartstoff- und/oder hartmetallfreier Bereich praktisch nicht aus dem Basiswerkstoff zu fertigen ist. Vielmehr wird der aus der DE-PS-2 919 477 bekannte Verbundkörper auf eine metallische Unterlage aufgelötet oder aufgeschweißt, wenn er zu einem verschleißbeständigen Werkstück bzw. Maschinenteil verarbeitet werden soll. Dabei hat es sich zusätzlich als nachteilig erwiesen, daß die Legierung, aus der der Basiswerkstoff des Verbundkörpers nach der DE-PS-2 919 477 besteht, nur schwer schweißbar ist.Furthermore, DE-PS-2 919 477 discloses a wear-resistant composite body of the type mentioned at the outset, in which the base material consists of 1 to 4% by weight of carbon, 0.3 to 0.6% by weight of silicon, 0.5 up to 1.5% by weight of manganese, 0.8 to 2.8% by weight of vanadium, 0.5 to 1.5% by weight of chromium, 2 to 10% by weight of tungsten, 0.01% by weight -% aluminum and the rest of iron and in which the initial weight of hard material or hard metal to the base material has a ratio of 1: 5, the grain size of the hard material and / or hard metal particles being 0.5 to 5 mm. This composite body is produced by adding hard metal and / or hard material grains of 0.5 to 5 mm in size with simultaneous cooling of the melt to a liquid metal alloy cast into a mold, with the hard metal and hard material grains in the melt sink. The composite body known from DE-PS-2 919 477 has the disadvantage that its base material can be machined only with difficulty and that its hard and / or hard metal-free area can therefore practically not be produced from the base material. Rather, the composite body known from DE-PS-2 919 477 is soldered or welded onto a metallic base when it is to be processed into a wear-resistant workpiece or machine part. It has also proven to be disadvantageous that the alloy from which the base material of the composite body according to DE-PS-2 919 477 is made is difficult to weld.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Verbundkörper der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, dessen hartmetall- bzw. hartstofffreier metallischer Bereich gut spanend bearbeitet werden kann und gut schweißbar ist, um den Verbundkörper mit anderen Metallteilen schnell und sicher verbinden zu können. Dies bedeutet, daß ein Basiswerkstoff gefunden werden mußte, der spanend bearbeitet sowie geschweißt werden kann und der so niedrig schmilzt, daß er als Metallmatrix zur Einlagerung von Hartstoff- und/oder Hartmetallteilchen geeignet ist. Der Erfindung liegt ferner die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des Verbundkörpers zu schaffen.The invention has for its object to provide a composite body of the type mentioned, the hard metal or hard material-free metallic area can be machined well and welded in order to be able to connect the composite body with other metal parts quickly and safely. This means that a base material had to be found which can be machined and welded and which melts so low that it is suitable as a metal matrix for the storage of hard material and / or hard metal particles. The invention is also based on the object of providing a method for producing the composite body.

Die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß der Basiswerkstoff aus 0,001 bis 1,5 Gew.-% Kohlenstoff, 0,5 bis 8 Gew.- % Bor, 1 bis 8 Gew.-% Niob, 0,2 bis 6 Gew.-% Chrom, 0 bis 30 Gew.-% Nickel, 0 bis 10 Gew.-% Mangan, 0 bis 6 Gew.-% Vanadin, 0 bis 5 Gew.-% Molybdän, 0 bis 5 Gew.-% Silicium sowie Rest Eisen zusammengesetzt ist, daß die Hartstoff-und Hartmetallteilchen einen Durchmesser von 0,1 bis 20 mm aufweisen und daß der Anteil der Hartstoff- und Hartmetallteilchen in der verschleißbeständigen Zone zwischen 25 und 95 Vol.-% liegt. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß eine Legierung mit der vorstehend genannten Zusammensetzung einen niedrigen Schmelzbereich besitzt, der unterhalb 1400° C liegt, und daß diese Legierung überraschenderweise gut spanend bearbeitet werden kann und gut schweißbar ist sowie Hartstoff- und Hartmetallteilchen fest einlagert. Der Basiswerkstoff ermöglicht es daher, daß Verbundkörper mit großen Abmessungen hergestellt werden können, die sowohl einen gut schweißbaren sowie gut spanend bearbeitbaren metallischen, hartstoff- sowie hartmetallfreien Bereich als auch eine verschleißbeständige, hartstoff- sowie hartmetallhaltige verschleißbeständige Zone besitzen und in denen die verschleißbeständige Zone voll integriert ist.The object on which the invention is based is achieved in that the base material consists of 0.001 to 1.5% by weight of carbon, 0.5 to 8% by weight of boron, 1 to 8% by weight of niobium, 0.2 to 6% by weight .-% chromium, 0 to 30 wt .-% nickel, 0 to 10 wt .-% manganese, 0 to 6 wt .-% vanadium, 0 to 5 wt .-% molybdenum, 0 to 5 wt .-% silicon as well The rest of the iron is composed that the hard material and hard metal particles have a diameter of 0.1 to 20 mm and that the proportion of hard material and hard metal particles in the wear-resistant zone is between 25 and 95% by volume. It has been shown that an alloy with the above-mentioned composition has a low melting range, which is below 1400 ° C., and that this alloy can surprisingly be machined well and is easy to weld, and hard and hard metal particles are embedded. The base material therefore makes it possible to produce composite bodies with large dimensions, which have both a weldable and machinable metallic, hard and hard metal-free area and a wear-resistant, hard and hard metal-containing wear-resistant zone and in which the wear-resistant zone is full is integrated.

Der erfindungsgemäße Verbundkörper hat besonders vorteilhafte Eigenschaften und ist insbesondere gut schweißbar, wenn der Basiswerkstoff aus 0,05 bis 0,5 Gew.-% Kohlenstoff, 0,5 bis 2 Gew.-% Bor, 2 bis 4 Gew.- % Niob, 2 bis 4 Gew.-% Chrom, 10 bis 20 Gew.-% Nickel, 4 bis 8 Gew.-% Mangan, 1 bis 3 Gew.-% Vanadin, 0 bis 2 Gew.-% Molybdän, 1 bis 3 Gew.- % Silicium sowie Rest Eisen zusammengesetzt ist.The composite body according to the invention has particularly advantageous properties and is particularly easy to weld if the base material consists of 0.05 to 0.5% by weight of carbon, 0.5 to 2% by weight of boron, 2 to 4% by weight of niobium, 2 to 4 wt.% Chromium, 10 to 20 wt.% Nickel, 4 to 8 wt.% Manganese, 1 to 3 wt.% Vanadium, 0 to 2 wt.% Molybdenum, 1 to 3 wt. -% silicon and the rest iron is composed.

Nach der Erfindung ist vorzugsweise vorgesehen, daß die Hartstoffteilchen aus WC und/oder W2C und daß die Hartmetallteilchen aus gebrochenem Hartmetallschrott bestehen. Hartstoffe im Sinne der Erfindung sind harte Carbide, Nitride, Boride, Oxide und Silicide. Hartmetalle im Sinne der Erfindung sind Legierungen, die aus einem oder mehreren Hartstoffen insbesondere Carbiden, und einem Bindemetall, das aus Eisen, Cobalt und/oder Nickel besteht, zusammengesetzt sind. Hartmetallschrott fällt als Abfallprodukt bei den Herstellern und Anwendern von Hartmetallerzeugnissen an und kann nach der Erfindung besonders vorteilhaft wiederverwendet werden.According to the invention it is preferably provided that the hard material particles consist of WC and / or W 2 C and that the hard metal particles consist of broken hard metal scrap. Hard materials in the sense of the invention are hard carbides, nitrides, borides, oxides and silicides. Hard metals in the sense of the invention are alloys which are composed of one or more hard materials, in particular carbides, and a binding metal which consists of iron, cobalt and / or nickel. Hard metal scrap is a waste product for manufacturers and users Hard metal products and can be reused according to the invention particularly advantageously.

Nach der Erfindung ist zweckmäßigerweise vorgesehen, daß der Anteil der verschleißbeständigen Zone im Verbundkörper zwischen 2 und 50 Vol.-% liegt. Insbesondere bei größeren Verschleißteilen ist es vorteilhaft, daß nur ein verhältnismäßig geringer Teil des Verbundkörpers als verschleißbeständige Zone ausgebildet werden kann und daß der restliche Teil als hartstoff- und hartmetallfreier metallischer Bereich zur Verfügung steht, der gut spanend bearbeitet und geschweißt werden kann.According to the invention, it is expediently provided that the proportion of the wear-resistant zone in the composite body is between 2 and 50% by volume. In the case of larger wear parts in particular, it is advantageous that only a relatively small part of the composite body can be formed as a wear-resistant zone and that the remaining part is available as a hard area and hard metal-free metallic area which can be machined and welded well.

Die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe wird ferner durch die Schaffung eines Verfahrens zur Herstellung des Verbundkörpers gelöst, bei dem eine Metallschmelze, die aus 0,001 bis 1,5 Gew.-% Kohlenstoff, 0,5 bis 8 Gew.-% Bor, 1 bis 8 Gew.-% Niob, 0,2 bis 6 Gew.-% Chrom, 0 bis 30 Gew.-% Nickel, 0 bis 10 Gew.-% Mangan, 0 bis 6 Gew.-% Vanadin, 0 bis 5 Gew.-% Molybdän, 0 bis 5 Gew.-% Silicium sowie Rest Eisen besteht, in eine keramische Form gegossen wird und bei dem danach in die flüssige Metallschmelze Hartstoff- und/oder Hartmetallteilchen, die einen Durchmesser von 0,1 bis 20 mm haben, in einer solchen Menge eingebracht werden, daß ihr Anteil in der verschleißbeständigen Zone zwischen 25 und 95 Vol.-% liegt. Dieses Verfahren hat den Vorteil, daß der metallische Bereich und die verschleißbeständige Zone einen Körper bilden. Außerdem sind die Hartstoff- und Hartmetallteilchen in der Metallmatrix fest eingelagert, was dadurch erreicht wird, daß die Hartstoff- und Hartmetallteilchen beim Absinken in der Schmelze an ihrer Oberfläche angelöst werden und daher sehr fest in der Metallmatrix der verschleißbeständigen Zone eingebettet sind, die sich am Grund der Gußform ausbildet. Hartstoff- und Hartmetallteilchen, die eine unregelmäßige geometrische Form haben, werden besonders fest in der Metallmatrix eingelagert. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann besonders wirtschaftlich durchgeführt werden, wenn die Form aus gebundenem Formsand besteht.The object on which the invention is based is also achieved by the creation of a method for producing the composite body, in which a metal melt consisting of 0.001 to 1.5% by weight of carbon, 0.5 to 8% by weight of boron, 1 to 8 % By weight niobium, 0.2 to 6% by weight chromium, 0 to 30% by weight nickel, 0 to 10% by weight manganese, 0 to 6% by weight vanadium, 0 to 5% by weight % Molybdenum, 0 to 5 wt .-% silicon and the rest of iron, is poured into a ceramic mold and in the hard metal and / or hard metal particles, which have a diameter of 0.1 to 20 mm, in the liquid metal melt such an amount that their share in the wear-resistant zone is between 25 and 95 vol .-%. This method has the advantage that the metallic area and the wear-resistant zone form one body. In addition, the hard material and hard metal particles are firmly embedded in the metal matrix, which is achieved in that the hard material and hard metal particles are dissolved on their surface as they sink in the melt and are therefore very firmly embedded in the metal matrix of the wear-resistant zone which is on the Forms base of the mold. Hard material and hard metal particles, which have an irregular geometric shape, are particularly firmly embedded in the metal matrix. The process according to the invention can be carried out particularly economically if the mold consists of bound molding sand.

Nach der Erfindung ist vorzugsweise vorgesehen, daß die Hartstoff- und/oder Hartmetallteilchen entweder gleichmäßig auf die Oberfläche der Metallschmelze gestreut werden oder daß die in einen rückstandsfrei verdampfenden Kunststoffträger eingebetteten Hartstoff- und/oder Hartmetallteilchen vor dem Abguß in die Form eingebracht werden. Nach beiden Verfahrensvarianten sinken die Hartstoff, und Hartmetallteilchen in der flüssigen Metallschmelze nach unten und bilden dort die verschleißbeständige Zone des Verbundkörpers. Das Absinken der Hartstoff- und/oder Hartmetallteilchen in der Metallschmelze kann dadurch vorteilhaft beeinflußt werden, daß die Form während des Einbringens dieser Teilchen vibriert, also durch eine entsprechende Vorrichtung in eine Vibrationsbewegung versetzt wird.According to the invention, it is preferably provided that the hard material and / or hard metal particles are either scattered evenly onto the surface of the molten metal or that the hard material and / or hard metal particles embedded in a residue-free evaporating plastic carrier are introduced into the mold prior to casting. According to both process variants, the hard material and hard metal particles sink downward in the liquid metal melt and form the wear-resistant zone of the composite body there. The sinking of the hard material and / or hard metal particles in the molten metal can be influenced in an advantageous manner in that the shape vibrates during the introduction of these particles, that is to say is set in a vibration movement by a corresponding device.

Schließlich ist nach der Erfindung vorgesehen, daß der Verbundkörper zur Herstellung von Werkzeugen zum Abtragen und/oder Zerkleinern von Kohle, Gesteinen, Mineralien, Erdreich, Glas oder Müll verwendet wird, da derartige Weikzeuge einem besonders großen Verschleiß unterliegen, unterschiedliche geometrische Formen und Größen aufweisen sowie lösbar oder fest mit den entsprechenden Werkzeugmaschinen verbunden werden müssen. Beispielsweise kann der erfindungsgemäße Verbundkörper durch das Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung zu einem aufschweißbaren Baggerzahn, einem Gesteinsbohrer, einem durch Verschraubung zu befestigenden Schläger für Hammermühlen oder einer Prallplatte für Prallmühlen verarbeitet werden.Finally, it is provided according to the invention that the composite body is used for the production of tools for removing and / or crushing coal, rocks, minerals, soil, glass or waste, since such tools are subject to particularly great wear and tear, have different geometric shapes and sizes as well as releasably or permanently connected to the corresponding machine tools. For example, the composite body according to the invention can be processed by the method for its production into a weldable excavator tooth, a rock drill, a beater for hammer mills to be fastened by screwing, or an impact plate for impact mills.

Der Gegenstand der Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels und der Zeichnung näher erläutert.The subject matter of the invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment and the drawing.

Zur Herstellung eines Schlägers, der in eine Hammermühle eingebaut und dort durch Verschraubung befestigt werden soll und dessen Abmessungen 160 x 200 x 500 mm betragen, wird eine Legierung, die aus 0,2 Gew.-% Kohlenstoff, 1,5 Gew.-% Silicium, 5 Gew.-% Mangan, 2 Gew.- % Chrom, 15 Gew. % Nickel, 3 Gew.-% Niob, 1 Gew.-% Bor, 1 Gew.-% Vanadin und Rest Eisen besteht, in eine keramische Form aus gebundenem Formsand abgegossen. In die Form wurde vor dem Abguß ein Kunststoffträger eingebracht, in den unregelmäßig geformte Hartmetallteilchen mit einem Durchmesser von 0,5 bis 2 mm eingebettet sind. Der Kunststoffträger verdampft beim Abguß rückstandsfrei, und die Hartmetallteilchen sinken in der Metallschmelze ab und bilden im unteren Teil des gegossenen Verbundkörpers die verschleißbeständige Zone, die ca. 10 Vol.-% des Schlägers einnimmt und einen Hartmetallgehalt von ca. 80 Vol.-% hat. Die Zeichnung zeigt den Querschnitt des Schlägers, der aus dem hartmetallfreien metallischen Bereich 1 und der hartmetallhaltigen verschleißbeständigen Zone 2 besteht. In den metallischen Bereich 1 wurden nach dem Abguß die Bohrungen 3 und 4 angebracht, über die der Schläger an der Hammermühle befestigt wird. Der Schläger besitzt in seinen einzelnen Bereichen folgende Härten:

  • metallischer Bereich HV30 = 240,
  • verschleißbeständige Zone HV30 = 450 - 550, Hartmetallteilchen in der

verschleißbeständigen Zone HV30 = 1100.To produce a racket which is to be installed in a hammer mill and fastened there by screwing and whose dimensions are 160 x 200 x 500 mm, an alloy is made from 0.2% by weight carbon, 1.5% by weight Silicon, 5 wt .-% manganese, 2 wt .-% chromium, 15 wt .-% nickel, 3 wt .-% niobium, 1 wt .-% boron, 1 wt .-% vanadium and the rest iron, in a ceramic Mold cast from bonded molding sand. Before casting, a plastic carrier was introduced into the mold, in which irregularly shaped hard metal particles with a diameter of 0.5 to 2 mm are embedded. The plastic carrier evaporates residue-free during casting, and the hard metal particles sink in the metal melt and form the wear-resistant zone in the lower part of the cast composite body, which takes up approx. 10 vol.% Of the racket and has a hard metal content of approx. 80 vol.% . The drawing shows the cross section of the racket, which consists of the hard metal-free metallic region 1 and the hard metal-containing wear-resistant zone 2. In the metallic area 1 after the casting, the holes 3 and 4 were made, via which the racket is attached to the hammer mill. The racket has the following hardnesses in its individual areas:
  • metallic area HV30 = 240,
  • wear resistant zone HV30 = 450 - 550, hard metal particles in the

wear-resistant zone HV30 = 1100.

Der entsprechend der Erfindung ausgebildete Schläger hat sich im praktischen Einsatz bei der Zerkleinerung von Kalksandstein sehr gut bewährt.The racket designed in accordance with the invention has proven itself very well in practical use in the crushing of sand-lime brick.

Claims (11)

1. A wear-resistant composite body which consists of a metal base material and a wear-resistant zone which contains in addition to the base material particles of a mechanically hard substance or a hard metal, characterized in that the base material is made up of 0.001 to 1.5 % by weight carbon, 0.5 to 8 % by weight boron, 1 to 8 % by weight niobium, 0.2 to 6 % by weight chromium, 0 to 30 % by weight nickel, 0 to 10 % by weight manganese, 0 to 6 % by weight vanadium, 0 to 5 % by weight molybdenum, 0 to 5 % by weight silicon and residue iron; the particles of the mechanically hard substance or the hard metal have a diameter of 0.1 to 20 mm; and the proportion of particles of the mechanically hard material or the hard metal in the wear-resistant zone is between 25 and 95 % by volume.
2. A composite body according to claim 1, characterized in that the base material is made up of 0.05 to 0.5 % by weight carbon, 0.5 to 2 % by weight boron, 2 to 4 % by weight niobium, 2 to 4 % by weight chromium, 10 to 20 % by weight nickel, 4 to 8 % by weight manganese. 1 to 3 % by weight vanadium, 0 to 2 % by weight molbdenum, 1 to 3 % by weight silicon and residue iron.
3. A composite body according to claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the particles of a mechanically hard material consist of WC and/or WzC.
4. A composite body according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the particles of a hard metal consist of broken hard metal scrap.
5. A composite body according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the proportion of the wear-resistant zone in the composite body is between 2 and 50 % by volume.
6. A process for the production of the composite body according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a metal melt consisting of 0.001 to 1.5 % by weight carbon, 0.5 to 8 % by weight boron, 1 to 8 % by weight niobium, 0.2 to 6 % by weight chromium, 0 to 30 % by weight nickel, 0 to 10 % by weight manganese, 0 to 6 % by weight vanadium, 0 to 5 % by weight molybdenum, 0 to 5 % by weight silicon and residue iron is cast into a ceramic mould, whereafter particles of a mechanically hard material and/or a hard metal having a diameter of 0.1 to 20 mm are introduced into the liquid metal melt in a quantity such that their proportion in the wear-resistant zone is between 25 and 95 % by volume.
7. A process according to claim 6, characterized in that the mould consists of bonded moulding sand.
8. A process according to claims 6 and 7, characterized in that the particles of a mechanically hard material and/or a hard metal are strewn uniformly on the surface of the metal melt.
9. A process according to claims 6 and 7, characterized in that prior to casting, the particles of a mechanically hard material and/or a hard metal are introduced into the mould embedded in a plastics support which evaporates without residue.
10. A process according to claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the mould vibrates during the introduction of the particles of a mechanically hard material and/or a hard metal.
11. Use of the composite body according to claims 1 to 5 for the production of tools for the removal and/or comminution of coal, rocks, minerals, soil, glass or garbage.
EP84103772A 1983-04-27 1984-04-05 Abrasion-resistant composite article and process for its manufacture Expired EP0123961B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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AT84103772T ATE33042T1 (en) 1983-04-27 1984-04-05 WEAR RESISTANT COMPOSITE BODY AND PROCESS FOR ITS MANUFACTURE.

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DE3315125 1983-04-27
DE3315125A DE3315125C1 (en) 1983-04-27 1983-04-27 Wear-resistant composite body and method for its production

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EP0123961A2 EP0123961A2 (en) 1984-11-07
EP0123961A3 EP0123961A3 (en) 1986-01-02
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EP (1) EP0123961B1 (en)
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ATE33042T1 (en) 1988-04-15
DE3315125C1 (en) 1984-11-22
EP0123961A2 (en) 1984-11-07
US4626464A (en) 1986-12-02
EP0123961A3 (en) 1986-01-02
JPS59205446A (en) 1984-11-21
JPH066773B2 (en) 1994-01-26

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