EP0120258B1 - Energy economising circuit - Google Patents

Energy economising circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0120258B1
EP0120258B1 EP84101475A EP84101475A EP0120258B1 EP 0120258 B1 EP0120258 B1 EP 0120258B1 EP 84101475 A EP84101475 A EP 84101475A EP 84101475 A EP84101475 A EP 84101475A EP 0120258 B1 EP0120258 B1 EP 0120258B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
capacitor
potential
delay circuit
comparator
voltage source
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EP84101475A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0120258A1 (en
Inventor
Walter Dipl.-Ing. Stieglbauer
Hans Ott
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/02—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay
    • H01H47/04—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay for holding armature in attracted position, e.g. when initial energising circuit is interrupted; for maintaining armature in attracted position, e.g. with reduced energising current

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an energy-saving circuit for electrical devices, which should get by with a certain, relatively high power requirement when switched on with a relatively low operating power, as is specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • a DC voltage source operates on a first capacitor arranged in parallel with the electrical device, a first switching element lying in series with the device, which is connected to a delay circuit which has a timing element.
  • a second capacitor is the timing element of the delay circuit, which determines the charging of the first capacitor, by the capacitance of the second capacitor emitting a signal after a period of time sufficient for charging the first capacitor after the voltage source has been switched on, which switches the first switching element to conduct current.
  • Such a circuit according to the generic term is known (DE-A-2929261).
  • both the charging current to the first capacitor and the operating current for the relay are drawn at a limiting resistor which supplies the reduced operating current from a DC voltage source with a single voltage level. Losses therefore constantly occur at this limiting resistor.
  • the invention has for its object to develop an energy-saving circuit of the type described, which, after switching on a circuit, first satisfies a relatively high power requirement when switched on for a certain period of time and then delivers a relatively low operating power and in which the operating current or holding current is almost zero ohmic losses is provided.
  • the above-described object is achieved by an energy-saving circuit according to claim 1.
  • the secondary winding with the larger number of turns provides the greatest part of the charge for the first capacitor at a high charging voltage.
  • the secondary winding which has the lower number of turns, is connected via the rectifier directly to the parallel circuit comprising the electrical device and the first capacitor, so that it supplies the major part of the lower operating current for the electrical device. At a lower voltage level, this secondary winding therefore ensures a high charging current in the first charging region of the second capacitor and thus a steep charging curve during the first charging time.
  • the line failure between the DC voltage source and the first capacitor is connected to the power failure detector, which is also connected to an adjustable reference potential and, if, after a comparison, the potential at the line combination is less than the reference potential, reactivates the delay circuit by using the second capacitor for discharges the duration of a reduced potential at the line link, whereby the delay circuit can then be used again according to its function.
  • the delay circuit which can be constructed in particular according to claim 2, causes, in a manner known per se, that after the voltage source is switched on, all of the energy delivered flows to the first capacitor.
  • the delay circuit keeps the first switching element arranged in series with the electrical device de-energized for an appropriately selected period of time.
  • the first capacitor supplies the inrush current, after which the operation of the electrical device is essentially supplied with operating current by the second secondary winding with the lower number of turns.
  • the direct voltage at a higher voltage level which is obtained from the secondary winding with the higher number of turns, can hardly generate any power loss.
  • both the charging current for the first capacitor and the operating current for the relay are obtained from a voltage source for a voltage level via a limiting resistor , so that even during the operation of the electrical device considerable power loss is incurred.
  • a known circuit arrangement (DE-A-3 027 183), which supplies the inrush current from a first voltage source at a higher voltage level and provides the operating current or holding current from a second source at a lower voltage level, requires its own thyristor control for the switchover. For this and for the two voltage sources, which are supplied from a network, a relatively complex circuit is required.
  • the energy-saving circuit according to the invention on the other hand, with a simple circuit structure of the type described at the outset, the losses during operation are significantly reduced and the outlay with respect to the known source with two voltage levels is significantly reduced.
  • the mains failure detector After a mains voltage failure or after switching off the system, the mains failure detector quickly makes it operational again. After a brief switch-off of the device, a residual charge can remain on the capacitors, a residual charge on the second capacitor in the RC element of the delay circuit resulting in the delay circuit not being able to meet the requirements. Then the delay time determined by the charging time of the second capacitor would be shorter than required, so that the first capacitor could not be fully charged and the energy stored on it was not sufficient to switch on the electrical device This is prevented by the power failure detector. If a smaller potential than the reference potential at the second comparator is registered at the line connection between the source and the first capacitor, the output of the second comparator switches to reference potential.
  • a connecting line to the RC element of the delay circuit then pulls the charge off the second capacitor via a diode, so that it is completely discharged when the device is switched on again. As a result, the delay circuit is reactivated.
  • the power failure detector can be constructed in detail according to claim 3.
  • the efficiency of the energy-saving circuit can be improved if it is ensured that no operating current reaches the electrical device via the limiting resistor.
  • This can be achieved by a second switching element according to claim 4, which is arranged between the rectifier connected downstream of the secondary winding with the higher number of turns of the transformer and the ohmic resistance. The second switching element is controlled by the delay circuit.
  • the energy-saving circuit according to the invention is illustrated in the drawing.
  • An electrical device 1 which requires a high power requirement when switched on and a low operating power, is located in a rectified circuit which is fed by a low-power voltage source 4.
  • the first switching element 5 is connected via a tap between two ohmic resistors 25 and 26 to a delay circuit 6 and is controlled by the latter.
  • the delay circuit 6 contains a first comparator 9, the negative input 91 of which is connected via a voltage divider 18 to the voltage source 4 in order to generate a reference potential.
  • the positive input 92 is connected to the voltage source 4 via an RC element 10.
  • the RC element 10 is composed of an ohmic resistor 11 and a second capacitor 12, which determines the delay time with its charging time.
  • the output 93 of the first comparator 9 is at reference potential until, as a result of the charging of the second capacitor 12, the potential at the positive input 92 of the first comparator 9 exceeds the potential at the negative input 91. Then, with a delay compared to the switching on of the voltage source 4, a signal is emitted.
  • the signal is fed to the first switching element 5 via a connecting line, which then switches the supply line of the electrical device 1 to be live.
  • a power failure detector 7 is connected to a line link 19 between voltage source 4 and first capacitor 3.
  • Its output 83 is linked to the RC element 10 of the delay circuit 6 via a diode 17 which is permeable in the opposite direction.
  • Another link between the power failure detector 7 and the delay circuit 6 is a connection between the output 93 of the first comparator 9 and the positive input 82 of the second comparator 8 via a third capacitor 22 in series with an ohmic resistor 23.
  • the output 83 is at reference potential. As a result, the second capacitor 12 of the RC element 10 is discharged via the diode 17.
  • a drop in the potential at the positive input 82 of the second comparator 8 can take place due to a drop in the potential at the line connection 19, which takes place in the event of a mains voltage failure and also when the system is switched off.
  • comparators 8 and 9 The power supply for the comparators 8 and 9 is not shown for reasons of clarity. As is known, comparators continuously require an operating voltage in order to be able to work. It must not fall below a minimum operating voltage, since the comparators would otherwise have no function or their functions would be uncontrolled. A DC voltage must therefore be provided for comparators which does not drop below a minimum voltage. If the DC voltage source 15 is illustrated as a one-way rectification, a smoothing capacitor which is present in any case with regard to the supply line from the rectifier 15 to the power failure detector 7 can prevent the pulsating DC voltage from falling below the permissible value for the comparators.
  • a jump from high to reference potential at the output 93 of the first comparator 9 can also reach the positive input 82 of the second comparator 8 via the third capacitor 22 and the ohmic resistor 23 and briefly lower the potential there even further. This jump is triggered when, when the second capacitor 12 in the RC element 10 is discharged by the second comparator 8, the potential at the second capacitor 12, which is also at the positive input 92 of the first comparator 9, falls below the potential at the negative input 91.
  • the voltage source 4 has a transformer 24 with two secondary windings 13 and 14 having different numbers of turns. The number of turns is chosen so that the induced voltages by a factor of differ about 4 to 6. Separate rectifiers 15 and 16 are connected to both secondary windings 13 and 14. The secondary winding 13 with the larger number of turns is connected to the line connection 19 via an ohmic resistor 2 which serves to limit the current. The major part of the charging current for the first capacitor 3 flows via this connection.
  • the secondary winding 13 is connected to the RC element 10 of the delay circuit 6.
  • the negative input 91 of the first comparator 9 is also connected via the voltage divider 18 and the negative input 81 of the second comparator 8 via the voltage divider 20 to the secondary winding 13 for generating the reference potentials.
  • the secondary winding 14 with the smaller number of turns is connected to the line connection 19 via the rectifier 16. It supplies the greater part of the low operating current for the electrical device 1.
  • a further development of the invention further improves the efficiency by limiting losses, and for this purpose provides a second switching element 27 which is arranged between the rectifier 15 assigned to the secondary winding 13 with the higher number of turns and the ohmic resistor 2.
  • the second switching element 27 can in particular be a pnp transistor.
  • the base of the second switching element 27 is connected to the delay circuit 6 via an ohmic resistor 29 and a zener diode 28, so that a signal from the delay circuit 6 interrupts the emitter-collector current and thus the connection between the rectifier 15 and the ohmic resistor 2 .
  • the higher voltage required only for charging the first capacitor 3 is interrupted against the reference potential of the secondary winding 13 after charging has taken place.

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Abstract

1. Energy economising circuit for electrical apparatus (1), which, when there is a specific, relatively high power demand, are to manage, when switched on, with a relatively low operating power, for which purpose the electrical apparatus (1) is connected to a low power direct voltage source (4) and is positioned in parallel with a first capacitor (3) and in series with a first switch element (5), which is connected to a delay circuit (6) having a second capacitor (12) as a timing element and is controlled by the latter, wherein, after a period of time which can be determined by the capacitance of the second capacitor (12) and is sufficient to charge the first capacitor (3) following the switching on of the voltage source (4), a conducting signal emitted by the delay circuit (6) actuates the first switch element (5), characterised in that - the direct voltage source (4) contains a transformer (24) with two secondary windings (13, 14) which differ in their turns number and which, together with respective downstream rectifiers (15, 16), form from the conducted supply voltage two direct voltages which differ in their magnitude by a factor of about 4 to 6, - the secondary winding (13) having the larger turns number is connected, via the rectifier (15) downstream of it and via an ohmic resistor (2) which serves to limit the current, to the parallel circuit comprising the electrical apparatus (1) and first capacitor (3), so that it delivers the greatest part of the charge for the first capacitor (3), - in that the secondary winding (14) having the lower turns number is directly connected via the rectifier (16) to the parallel circuit comprising the electrical apparatus (1) and first capacitor (3), so that it delivers the greatest part of the low operating current for the electrical apparatus (1), - and a power failure detector (7) is connected to a junction (19) between the direct current source (4) and first capacitor (3), and is moreover connected to an adjustable reference potential, and if, after a comparison, the potential at the junction (19) is smaller than the reference potential, the delay circuit (6) reactivates by discharging the second capacitor (12) for the duration of a reduced potential at the junction (19), whereby the delay circuit (6) can then be adjusted once more according to its function.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Energiesparschaltung für elektrische Geräte, die bei einem bestimmten, relativ hohen Leistungsbedarf bei der Einschaltung mit einer relativ niedrigen Betriebsleistung auskommen sollen, wie sie im einzelnen im Gattungsbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 angegeben ist. Eine solche Gleichspannungsquelle arbeitet auf einen zum elektrischen Gerät parallel angeordneten ersten Kondensator, wobei in Reihe zum Gerät ein erstes Schaltglied liegt, das mit einer Verzögerungsschaltung verbunden ist, die ein Zeitglied aufweist. Dabei ist ein zweiter Kondensator das Zeitglied der Verzögerungsschaltung, die das Laden des ersten Kondensators bestimmt, indem die Kapazität des zweiten Kondensators nach einer zum Laden des ersten Kondensators ausreichenden Zeitspanne ab Einschalten der Spannungsquelle die Verzögerungsschaltung ein Signal abgibt, das das erste Schaltglied stromführend schaltet. Eine derartige Schaltung nach Gattungsbegriff ist bekannt (DE-A-2929261).The invention relates to an energy-saving circuit for electrical devices, which should get by with a certain, relatively high power requirement when switched on with a relatively low operating power, as is specified in the preamble of claim 1. Such a DC voltage source operates on a first capacitor arranged in parallel with the electrical device, a first switching element lying in series with the device, which is connected to a delay circuit which has a timing element. A second capacitor is the timing element of the delay circuit, which determines the charging of the first capacitor, by the capacitance of the second capacitor emitting a signal after a period of time sufficient for charging the first capacitor after the voltage source has been switched on, which switches the first switching element to conduct current. Such a circuit according to the generic term is known (DE-A-2929261).

Bei der bekannten Schaltung zur Betätigung eines Relais (DE-A-2 929 261) wird sowohl der Ladestrom zum ersten Kondensator als auch der Betriebsstrom für das Relais bei einem Begrenzungswiderstand gezogen, der aus einer Gleichspannungsquelle mit einer einzigen Spannungsebene den verminderten Betriebsstrom liefert. An diesem Begrenzungswiderstand entstehen daher ständig Verluste.In the known circuit for actuating a relay (DE-A-2 929 261) both the charging current to the first capacitor and the operating current for the relay are drawn at a limiting resistor which supplies the reduced operating current from a DC voltage source with a single voltage level. Losses therefore constantly occur at this limiting resistor.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Energiesparschaltung der geschilderten Art zu entwickeln, die nach Einschalten eines Stromkreises zunächst für eine bestimmte Zeitspanne einen relativ hohen Leistungsbedarf bei der Einschaltung befriedigt und danach eine relativ niedrige Betriebsleistung liefert und bei der der Betriebsstrom bzw. Haltestrom nahezu ohne ohmsche Verluste bereitgestellt wird.The invention has for its object to develop an energy-saving circuit of the type described, which, after switching on a circuit, first satisfies a relatively high power requirement when switched on for a certain period of time and then delivers a relatively low operating power and in which the operating current or holding current is almost zero ohmic losses is provided.

Die Lösung der geschilderten Aufgabe erfolgt erfindungsgemäß durch eine Energiesparschaltung nach Anspruch 1. Die Sekundärwicklung mit der größeren Windungszahl liefert dabei den größten Teil der Ladung für den ersten Kondensator bei einer hohen Ladespannung. Die Sekundärwicklung, die die niedrigere Windungszahl aufweist, ist über den Gleichrichter direkt mit der Parallelschaltung aus elektrischem Gerät und erstem Kondensator verbunden, so daß sie den größten Teil des niedrigeren Betriebsstromes für das elektrische Gerät liefert. Diese Sekundärwicklung sorgt auf niedrigerem Spannungsniveau also für einen hohen Ladestrom im ersten Aufladungsbereich des zweiten Kondensators und damit während der ersten Aufladezeit für eine steile Ladekurve.According to the invention, the above-described object is achieved by an energy-saving circuit according to claim 1. The secondary winding with the larger number of turns provides the greatest part of the charge for the first capacitor at a high charging voltage. The secondary winding, which has the lower number of turns, is connected via the rectifier directly to the parallel circuit comprising the electrical device and the first capacitor, so that it supplies the major part of the lower operating current for the electrical device. At a lower voltage level, this secondary winding therefore ensures a high charging current in the first charging region of the second capacitor and thus a steep charging curve during the first charging time.

Mit der Leitungsverknüpfung zwischen Gleichspannungsquelle und erstem Kondensator ist der Netzausfalldetektor verbunden, der außerdem mit einem einstellbaren Bezugspotential in Verbindung steht und dann, wenn nach einem Vergleich das Potential an der Leitungsverknüpfung kleiner als das Bezugspotential ist, die Verzögerungsschaltung reaktiviert, indem er den zweiten Kondensator für die Dauer eines verminderten Potentials an der Leitungsverknüpfung entlädt, wodurch die Verzögerungsschaltung dann ihrer Funktion nach wieder einsetzbar ist.The line failure between the DC voltage source and the first capacitor is connected to the power failure detector, which is also connected to an adjustable reference potential and, if, after a comparison, the potential at the line combination is less than the reference potential, reactivates the delay circuit by using the second capacitor for discharges the duration of a reduced potential at the line link, whereby the delay circuit can then be used again according to its function.

Die Verzögerungsschaltung, die insbesondere nach Anspruch 2 aufgebaut sein kann, bewirkt in an sich bekannter Weise, daß nach dem Einschalten der Spannungsquelle die gesamte abgegebene Energie dem ersten Kondensator zufließt. Dazu hält die Verzögerungsschaltung das in Reihe mit dem elektrischen Gerät angeordnete erste Schaltglied für eine angemessen gewählte Zeitspanne stromlos. Wenn das erste Schaltglied leitend geschaltet wird, liefert der erste Kondensator den Einschaltstromstoß, wonach der Betrieb des elektrischen Gerätes im wesentlichen von der zweiten Sekundärwicklung mit der niedrigeren Windungszahl mit Betriebsstrom versorgt wird. Am strombegrenzenden Widerstand kann dabei von der Gleichspannung auf höherem Spannungsniveau, die von der Sekundärwicklung mit der höheren Windungszahl gewonnen wird, kaum Verlustleistung entstehen.The delay circuit, which can be constructed in particular according to claim 2, causes, in a manner known per se, that after the voltage source is switched on, all of the energy delivered flows to the first capacitor. For this purpose, the delay circuit keeps the first switching element arranged in series with the electrical device de-energized for an appropriately selected period of time. When the first switching element is turned on, the first capacitor supplies the inrush current, after which the operation of the electrical device is essentially supplied with operating current by the second secondary winding with the lower number of turns. At the current-limiting resistor, the direct voltage at a higher voltage level, which is obtained from the secondary winding with the higher number of turns, can hardly generate any power loss.

Bei der bekannten Einrichtung zur Betätigung eines Relais (DE-A-2 929 261) wird dagegen sowohl der Ladestrom für den ersten Kondensator als auch der Betriebsstrom für das Relais, also für das elektrische Gerät, über einen Begrenzungswiderstand von einer Spannungsquelle für ein Spannungsniveau bezogen, so daß auch während des Betriebs des elektrischen Geräts ständig erhebliche Verlustleistung anfällt. Eine bekannte Schaltungsanordnung (DE-A-3 027 183), die den Einschaltstromstoß von einer ersten Spannungsquelle auf höherem Spannungsniveau liefert und den Betriebsstrom bzw. Haltestrom aus einer zweiten Quelle auf niedrigerem Spannungsniveau bereitstellt, ist für die Umschaltung eine eigene Thyristorsteuerung erforderlich. Für diese und für die zwei Spannungsquellen, die aus einem Netz versorgt werden, ist eine verhältnismäßig aufwendige Schaltung erforderlich. Bei der Energiesparschaltung nach der Erfindung werden bei einem einfachen Schaltungsaufbau der eingangs geschilderten Art dagegen die Verluste im Betrieb deutlich gesenkt und der Aufwand hinsichtlich der bekannten Quelle mit zwei Spannungsebenen deutlich vermindert.In the known device for actuating a relay (DE-A-2 929 261), on the other hand, both the charging current for the first capacitor and the operating current for the relay, that is to say for the electrical device, are obtained from a voltage source for a voltage level via a limiting resistor , so that even during the operation of the electrical device considerable power loss is incurred. A known circuit arrangement (DE-A-3 027 183), which supplies the inrush current from a first voltage source at a higher voltage level and provides the operating current or holding current from a second source at a lower voltage level, requires its own thyristor control for the switchover. For this and for the two voltage sources, which are supplied from a network, a relatively complex circuit is required. In the case of the energy-saving circuit according to the invention, on the other hand, with a simple circuit structure of the type described at the outset, the losses during operation are significantly reduced and the outlay with respect to the known source with two voltage levels is significantly reduced.

Nach einem Netzspannungsausfall oder nach Ausschalten der Anlage wird diese durch den Netzausfalldetektor rasch wieder betriebsbereit. Nach einem kurzzeitigen Ausschalten des Gerätes kann auf den Kondensatoren eine Restladung verbleiben, wobei eine Restladung auf dem zweiten Kondensator im RC-Glied der Verzögerungsschaltung zur Folge hat, daß die Verzögerungsschaltung den Anforderungen nicht genügen könnte. Dann wäre die durch die Aufladezeit des zweiten Kondensators bestimmte Verzögerungszeit kleiner als vorausgesetzt, so daß der erste Kondensator nicht vollständig aufgeladen werden könnte und die auf ihm gespeicherte Energie nicht ausreichte, um das elektrische Gerät einzuschalten. Durch den Netzausfalldetektor wird das verhindert. Wenn an der Leitungsverknüpfung zwischen Quelle und erstem Kondensator ein kleineres Potential als das Referenzpotential am zweiten Komparator registriert wird, schaltet der Ausgang des zweiten Komparators auf Bezugspotential. Eine Verbindungsleitung zum RC-Glied der Verzögerungsschaltung zieht dann über eine Diode die Ladung vom zweiten Kondensator ab, so daß er beim erneuten Einschalten des Gerätes vollständig entladen ist. Die Verzögerungsschaltung ist dadurch reaktiviert. Der Netzausfalldetektor kann dabei im einzelnen nach Patentanspruch 3 aufgebaut sein.After a mains voltage failure or after switching off the system, the mains failure detector quickly makes it operational again. After a brief switch-off of the device, a residual charge can remain on the capacitors, a residual charge on the second capacitor in the RC element of the delay circuit resulting in the delay circuit not being able to meet the requirements. Then the delay time determined by the charging time of the second capacitor would be shorter than required, so that the first capacitor could not be fully charged and the energy stored on it was not sufficient to switch on the electrical device This is prevented by the power failure detector. If a smaller potential than the reference potential at the second comparator is registered at the line connection between the source and the first capacitor, the output of the second comparator switches to reference potential. A connecting line to the RC element of the delay circuit then pulls the charge off the second capacitor via a diode, so that it is completely discharged when the device is switched on again. As a result, the delay circuit is reactivated. The power failure detector can be constructed in detail according to claim 3.

Der Wirkungsgrad der Energiesparschaltung läßt sich noch verbessern, wenn dafür gesorgt wird, daß keinerlei Betriebsstrom über den Begrenzungswiderstand zum elektrischen Gerät gelangt. Das läßt sich durch ein zweites Schaltglied nach Patentanspruch 4 erreichen, das zwischen dem der Sekundärwicklung mit der höheren Windungszahl des Transformators nachgeschalteten Gleichrichter und dem ohmschen Widerstand angeordnet ist. Das zweite Schaltglied wird dabei von der Verzögerungsschaltung gesteuert.The efficiency of the energy-saving circuit can be improved if it is ensured that no operating current reaches the electrical device via the limiting resistor. This can be achieved by a second switching element according to claim 4, which is arranged between the rectifier connected downstream of the secondary winding with the higher number of turns of the transformer and the ohmic resistance. The second switching element is controlled by the delay circuit.

Die Erfindung soll anhand eines in der Zeichnung grob schematisch wiedergegebenen Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert werden.The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an exemplary embodiment shown roughly schematically in the drawing.

In der Zeichnung ist die erfindungsgemäße Energiesparschaltung veranschaulicht.The energy-saving circuit according to the invention is illustrated in the drawing.

Ein elektrisches Gerät 1, das einen hohen Leistungsbedarf beim Einschalten und eine niedrige Betriebsleistung benötigt, befindet sich in einem gleichgerichteten Stromkreis, der von einer leistungsschwachen Spannungsquelle 4 gespeist wird. Ein erstes Schaltglied 5, im besonderen ein npn-Transistor, ist in Reihe mit dem Gerät 1, ein erster Kondensator 3 parallel zu dem Gerät 1 geschaltet. Das erste Schaltglied 5 ist über einen Abgriff zwischen zwei ohmschen Widerständen 25 und 26 mit einer Verzögerungsschaltung 6 verbunden und wird von dieser gesteuert.An electrical device 1, which requires a high power requirement when switched on and a low operating power, is located in a rectified circuit which is fed by a low-power voltage source 4. A first switching element 5, in particular an npn transistor, is connected in series with the device 1, and a first capacitor 3 is connected in parallel with the device 1. The first switching element 5 is connected via a tap between two ohmic resistors 25 and 26 to a delay circuit 6 and is controlled by the latter.

Die Verzögerungsschaltung 6 beinhaltet einen ersten Komparator 9, dessen negativer Eingang 91 über einen Spannungsteiler 18 mit der Spannungsquelle 4 zur Erzeugung eines Referenzpotentials verbunden ist. Der positive Eingang 92 steht über ein RC-Glied 10 mit der Spannungsquelle 4 in Verbindung. Das RC-Glied 10 setzt sich aus einem ohmschen Widerstand 11 und einem zweiten Kondensator 12 zusammen, der mit seiner Aufladezeit die Verzögerungsdauer bestimmt. Der Ausgang 93 des ersten Komparators 9 liegt auf Bezugspotential bis infolge des Aufladens des zweiten Kondensators 12 das Potential am positiven Eingang 92 des ersten Komparators 9 das Potential am negativen Eingang 91 überschreitet. Dann wird, gegenüber dem Einschalten der Spannungsquelle 4 verzögert, ein Signal abgegeben. Über eine Verbindungsleitung wird das Signal dem ersten Schaltglied 5 zugeleitet, das dann die Versorgungsleitung des elektrischen Gerätes 1 stromführend schaltet.The delay circuit 6 contains a first comparator 9, the negative input 91 of which is connected via a voltage divider 18 to the voltage source 4 in order to generate a reference potential. The positive input 92 is connected to the voltage source 4 via an RC element 10. The RC element 10 is composed of an ohmic resistor 11 and a second capacitor 12, which determines the delay time with its charging time. The output 93 of the first comparator 9 is at reference potential until, as a result of the charging of the second capacitor 12, the potential at the positive input 92 of the first comparator 9 exceeds the potential at the negative input 91. Then, with a delay compared to the switching on of the voltage source 4, a signal is emitted. The signal is fed to the first switching element 5 via a connecting line, which then switches the supply line of the electrical device 1 to be live.

An eine Leitungsverknüpfung 19 zwischen Spannungsquelle 4 und erstem Kondensator 3 ist ein Netzausfalldetektor 7 angeschlossen. Dieser beinhaltet einen zweiten Komparator 8, dessen positiver Eingang 82 mit der Leitungsverknüpfung 19 über einen ohmschen Widerstand 21 und dessen negativer Eingang 81 mit der Spannungsquelle 4 über einen Spannungsteiler 20 in Verbindung steht. Sein Ausgang 83 ist über eine in Gegenrichtung durchlässige Diode 17 mit dem RC-Glied 10 der Verzögerungsschaltung 6 verknüpft. Eine weitere Verknüpfung des Netzausfalldetektors 7 mit der Verzögerungsschaltung 6 ist eine Verbindung zwischen dem Ausgang 93 des ersten Komparators 9 und dem positiven Eingang 82 des zweiten Komparators 8 über einen dritten Kondensator 22 in Reihe mit einem ohmschen Widerstand 23.A power failure detector 7 is connected to a line link 19 between voltage source 4 and first capacitor 3. This includes a second comparator 8, the positive input 82 of which is connected to the line connection 19 via an ohmic resistor 21 and the negative input 81 of which is connected to the voltage source 4 via a voltage divider 20. Its output 83 is linked to the RC element 10 of the delay circuit 6 via a diode 17 which is permeable in the opposite direction. Another link between the power failure detector 7 and the delay circuit 6 is a connection between the output 93 of the first comparator 9 and the positive input 82 of the second comparator 8 via a third capacitor 22 in series with an ohmic resistor 23.

Wenn das Potential am positiven Eingang 82 des zweiten Komparators 8 kleiner ist als das Potential am negativen Eingang 81, liegt der Ausgang 83 auf Bezugspotential. Dadurch wird der zweite Kondensator 12 des RC-Gliedes 10 über die Diode 17 entladen.If the potential at the positive input 82 of the second comparator 8 is lower than the potential at the negative input 81, the output 83 is at reference potential. As a result, the second capacitor 12 of the RC element 10 is discharged via the diode 17.

Ein Absinken des Potentials am positiven Eingang 82 des zweiten Komparators 8 kann aufgrund eines Absinkens des Potentials an der Leitungsverknüpfung 19 erfolgen, was bei einem Netzspannungsausfall wie auch beim Ausschalten der Anlage erfolgt.A drop in the potential at the positive input 82 of the second comparator 8 can take place due to a drop in the potential at the line connection 19, which takes place in the event of a mains voltage failure and also when the system is switched off.

Die Stromversorgung für die Komparatoren 8 und 9 ist der Übersichtlichkeit wegen nicht dargestellt. Komparatoren benötigen bekanntlich dauernd eine Betriebsspannung, um arbeiten zu können. Sie darf eine Mindestbetriebsspannung nicht unterschreiten, da die Komparatoren sonst funktionslos oder in ihren Funktionen unkontrolliert würden. Für Komparatoren ist daher eine Gleichspannung bereitzustellen, die nicht unter eine Mindestspannung absinkt. Wenn die Gleichspannungsquelle 15 als Einweggleichrichtung veranschaulicht ist, so kann ein hinsichtlich der Versorgungsleitung vom Gleichrichter 15 zum Netzausfalldetektor 7 ohnehin vorhandener Glättungskondensator verhindern, daß die pulsierende Gleichspannung den für die Komparatoren zulässigen Wert unterschreitet.The power supply for the comparators 8 and 9 is not shown for reasons of clarity. As is known, comparators continuously require an operating voltage in order to be able to work. It must not fall below a minimum operating voltage, since the comparators would otherwise have no function or their functions would be uncontrolled. A DC voltage must therefore be provided for comparators which does not drop below a minimum voltage. If the DC voltage source 15 is illustrated as a one-way rectification, a smoothing capacitor which is present in any case with regard to the supply line from the rectifier 15 to the power failure detector 7 can prevent the pulsating DC voltage from falling below the permissible value for the comparators.

Auch ein Sprung von High nach Bezugspotential am Ausgang 93 des ersten Komparators 9 kann über den dritten Kondensator 22 und den ohmschen Widerstand 23 den positiven Eingang 82 des zweiten Komparators 8 erreichen und das Potential dort kurzzeitig noch weiter herabzusetzen. Dieser Sprung wird ausgelöst, wenn beim Entladen des zweiten Kondensators 12 im RC-Glied 10 durch den zweiten Komparator 8 das Potential am zweiten Kondensator 12, das auch am positiven Eingang 92 des ersten Komparators 9 liegt, das Potential am negativen Eingang 91 unterschreitet.A jump from high to reference potential at the output 93 of the first comparator 9 can also reach the positive input 82 of the second comparator 8 via the third capacitor 22 and the ohmic resistor 23 and briefly lower the potential there even further. This jump is triggered when, when the second capacitor 12 in the RC element 10 is discharged by the second comparator 8, the potential at the second capacitor 12, which is also at the positive input 92 of the first comparator 9, falls below the potential at the negative input 91.

Es wird somit gewährleistet, daß der Kondensator 12 auch dann vollständig entladen wird, wenn die Netzspannung kurz nach dem Ansprechen des Netzausfalldetektors 7 zurückkehrt.It is thus ensured that the capacitor 12 is completely discharged even if the mains voltage returns shortly after the mains failure detector 7 has responded.

Die Spannungsquelle 4 weist einen Transformator 24 mit zwei differierende Windungszahlen aufweisenden Sekundärwicklungen 13 und 14 auf. Die Windungszahlen sind dabei so gewählt, daß die induzierten Spannungen um einen Faktor von etwa 4 bis 6 differieren. An beide Sekundärwicklungen 13 und 14 sind separate Gleichrichter 15 und 16 angeschlossen. Die Sekundärwicklung 13 mit der größeren Windungszahl ist über einen der Strombegrenzung dienenden ohmschen Widerstand 2 mit der Leitungsverknüpfung 19 verbunden. Über diese Verbindung fließt der größte Teil des Ladestromes für den ersten Kondensator 3.The voltage source 4 has a transformer 24 with two secondary windings 13 and 14 having different numbers of turns. The number of turns is chosen so that the induced voltages by a factor of differ about 4 to 6. Separate rectifiers 15 and 16 are connected to both secondary windings 13 and 14. The secondary winding 13 with the larger number of turns is connected to the line connection 19 via an ohmic resistor 2 which serves to limit the current. The major part of the charging current for the first capacitor 3 flows via this connection.

Darüber hinaus steht die Sekundärwicklung 13 mit dem RC-Glied 10 der Verzögerungsschaltung 6 in Verbindung. Auch der negative Eingang 91 des ersten Komparators 9 ist über den Spannungsteiler 18, und der negative Eingang 81 des zweiten Komparators 8 über den Spannungsteiler 20, mit der Sekundärwicklung 13 zur Erzeugung der Referenzpotentiale verbunden.In addition, the secondary winding 13 is connected to the RC element 10 of the delay circuit 6. The negative input 91 of the first comparator 9 is also connected via the voltage divider 18 and the negative input 81 of the second comparator 8 via the voltage divider 20 to the secondary winding 13 for generating the reference potentials.

Die Sekundärwicklung 14 mit der kleineren Windungszahl ist über den Gleichrichter 16 mit der Leitungsverknüpfung 19 verbunden. Sie liefert den größeren Teil des niedrigen Betriebsstromes für das elektrische Gerät 1.The secondary winding 14 with the smaller number of turns is connected to the line connection 19 via the rectifier 16. It supplies the greater part of the low operating current for the electrical device 1.

Eine Weiterbildung der Erfindung verbessert den Wirkungsgrad weiterhin, indem sie Verluste begrenzt, und sieht dazu ein zweites Schaltglied 27 vor, das zwischen dem der Sekundärwicklung 13 mit der höheren Windungszahl zugeordneten Gleichrichter 15 und dem ohmschen Widerstand 2 angeordnet ist. Das zweite Schaltglied 27 kann insbesondere ein pnp-Transistor sein. Die Basis des zweiten Schaltgliedes 27 steht über einen ohmschen Widerstand 29 und eine Zenerdiode 28 mit der Verzögerungsschaltung 6 in Verbindung, so daß ein Signal der Verzögerungsschaltung 6 den Emitter-Kollektor-Strom und damit die Verbindung zwischen dem Gleichrichter 15 und dem ohmschen Widerstand 2 unterbricht. Dadurch wird die nur zum Laden des ersten Kondensators 3 benötigte höhere Spannung gegen Bezugspotential der Sekundärwicklung 13 nach erfolgtem Laden unterbrochen.A further development of the invention further improves the efficiency by limiting losses, and for this purpose provides a second switching element 27 which is arranged between the rectifier 15 assigned to the secondary winding 13 with the higher number of turns and the ohmic resistor 2. The second switching element 27 can in particular be a pnp transistor. The base of the second switching element 27 is connected to the delay circuit 6 via an ohmic resistor 29 and a zener diode 28, so that a signal from the delay circuit 6 interrupts the emitter-collector current and thus the connection between the rectifier 15 and the ohmic resistor 2 . As a result, the higher voltage required only for charging the first capacitor 3 is interrupted against the reference potential of the secondary winding 13 after charging has taken place.

Claims (4)

1. Energy economising circuit for electrical apparatus (1), which, when there is a specific, relatively high power demand, are to manage, when switched on, with a relatively low operating power, for which purpose the electrical apparatus (1) is connected to a low power direct voltage source (4) and is positioned in parallel with a first capacitor (3) and in series with a first switch element (5), which is connected to a delay circuit (6) having a second capacitor (12) as a timing element and is controlled by the latter, wherein, after a period of time which can be determined by the capacitance of the second capacitor (12) and is sufficient to charge the first capacitor (3) following the switching on of the voltage source (4), a conducting signal emitted by the delay circuit (6) actuates the first switch element (5), characterised in that
- the direct voltage source (4) contains a transformer (24) with two secondary windings (13, 14) which differ in their turns number and which, together with respective downstream rectifiers (15, 16), form from the conducted supply voltage two direct voltages which differ in their magnitude by a factor of about 4 to 6,
- the secondary winding (13) having the larger turns number is connected, via the rectifier (15) downstream of it and via an ohmic resistor (2) which serves to limit the current, to the parallel circuit comprising the electrical apparatus (1) and first capacitor (3), so that it delivers the greatest part of the charge for the first capacitor (3),
- in that the secondary winding (14) having the lower turns number is directly connected via the rectifier (16) to the parallel circuit comprising the electrical apparatus (1) and first capacitor (3), so that it delivers the greatest part of the low operating current for the electrical apparatus (1),
- and a power failure detector (7) is connected to a junction (19) between the direct current source (4) and first capacitor (3), and is moreover connected to an adjustable reference potential, and if, after a comparison, the potential at the junction (19) is smaller than the reference potential, the delay circuit (6) reactivates by discharging the second capacitor (12) for the duration of a reduced potential at the junction (19), whereby the delay circuit (6) can then be adjusted once more according to its function.
2. Energy economising circuit according to claim 1, characterised in that the delay circuit (6) contains a first comparator (9), whose negative input (91) is connected via a voltage divider (18) to the voltage source (4) in order to produce a reference potential, and whose positive input (92) is connected to the voltage source (4) via an RC element (10) comprising an ohmic resistor (11) and a second capacitor (12) which determines the delay interval by means of its charge time, wherein, after the voltage source (4) has been switched on, the output (93) of the first comparator (9) is at reference potential until, in consequence of the charging of the second capacitor (12), the potential at the positive input (92) of the first capacitor (9) exceeds the potential at the negative input (91) and a delayed signal to the first switch element (5) can then be emitted at the output (93).
3. Energy economising circuit according to claim 2, characterised in that
- the power failure detector (7) has a second comparator (8), whose negative input (81) is connected via a voltage divider (20) to the voltage source (4) in order to produce a reference potential, whose positive input (82) is connected via an ohmic resistor (21) to the junction (19), and whose output (83) is connected to the RC element (10) of the delay circuit (6) via a diode (17) which is conductive in the opposite direction, whereby, after a lowering of the supply voltage, which causes a lowering of the potential at the junction (19) and of the potential at the positive input (82) of the second comparator (8) to less than the reference potential, the output (83) of the second comparator (8) is at reference potential for as long as the potential at the positive input (82) is below the potential at the negative input (81), whereby the charge of the second capacitor (12) of the RC element (10) can be discharged via the diode (17),
- and that the positive input (82) of the second comparator (8) is moreover connected to the output (93) of the first comparator (9) via a third capacitor (22) and an ohmic resistor (23), whereby, after a further raising of the supply voltage, which occurs before the second capacitor (12) is fully discharged in the RC element (10), a surge from high towards the reference potential, which arises at the output (93) of the first comparator (9), can be conducted to the positive input (82) of the second comparator (8) via the third capacitor (22) and the ohmic resistor (23), whereby this surge reduces the potential there to a value which is smaller than the reference potential at the negative input (81), until the second capacitor (12) is completely discharged.
4. Energy economising circuit according to claim 1, characterised in that
- a second switch element (27) is arranged between the rectifier (15), connected downstream of the secondary winding (13) with the higher turns number of the transformer (24), and the ohmic resistor (2),
- and the second switch element (27) is connected via an ohmic resistor (29) and a Zener diode (28) to the delay circuit (6) so that an output signal of the delay circuit (6) breaks the emitter-collector current through the second switch element (27).
EP84101475A 1983-02-25 1984-02-13 Energy economising circuit Expired EP0120258B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84101475T ATE41716T1 (en) 1983-02-25 1984-02-13 ENERGY SAVING CIRCUIT.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3306761 1983-02-25
DE19833306761 DE3306761A1 (en) 1983-02-25 1983-02-25 ENERGY SAVING

Publications (2)

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EP0120258A1 EP0120258A1 (en) 1984-10-03
EP0120258B1 true EP0120258B1 (en) 1989-03-22

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ID=6191891

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84101475A Expired EP0120258B1 (en) 1983-02-25 1984-02-13 Energy economising circuit

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EP (1) EP0120258B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS59163731A (en)
AT (1) ATE41716T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3306761A1 (en)
NO (1) NO161889C (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3434343A1 (en) * 1984-09-19 1986-03-27 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Arrangement for the power supply of relays
GB2209640B (en) * 1987-09-08 1992-05-20 Crabtree Electrical Ind Ltd Improvements relating to relays
JPH01279533A (en) * 1988-04-28 1989-11-09 Nec Corp Relay driver circuit
DE3840991A1 (en) * 1988-12-06 1990-06-07 Eberle Gmbh Drive circuit for electromagnetic switchgear
DE102018128328A1 (en) * 2018-11-13 2020-05-14 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Control circuit

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1227218A (en) * 1958-04-22 1960-08-19 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Improvements to transistron rockers
GB1466246A (en) * 1974-07-02 1977-03-02 Redding Robert James Electrical switching circuits
DE2929261A1 (en) * 1979-07-17 1981-02-05 Licentia Gmbh Relay operating circuit for high resistance power source - has relay operating RC circuit initiated by second RC circuit which switches transistor
DE3027183C2 (en) * 1980-07-18 1986-07-17 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Circuit arrangement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO161889B (en) 1989-06-26
NO161889C (en) 1989-10-04
EP0120258A1 (en) 1984-10-03
DE3477441D1 (en) 1989-04-27
DE3306761A1 (en) 1984-08-30
ATE41716T1 (en) 1989-04-15
JPS59163731A (en) 1984-09-14
NO834550L (en) 1984-08-27

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