Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/23—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites
  • C10L1/231—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites nitro compounds; nitrates; nitrites
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only

Definitions

• This invention relates to a composition of matter, and its use, and is an improvement in or modification of the invention described and claimed in our co-pending application, published as European Patent Application No. 30429, hereinafter referred to as the parent application.
• additives ignition improvers
• Alcohols up-rated in this way can be used as fuels in commercial compression-ignition engines without the need for additional energy inputs and/or aids such as heated air aspiration, turbo-charging, spark-ignition, abnormally high compression ratios or other additional energy sources and the like, although such additional energy sources and/or aids may be used, if desired.
• additional energy sources and/or aids such as heated air aspiration, turbo-charging, spark-ignition, abnormally high compression ratios or other additional energy sources and the like, although such additional energy sources and/or aids may be used, if desired.
• a fuel comprising at least one alcohol and at least one nitrate.
• a fuel comprising a mixture of (A) at least one alcohol with an average molecular weight of less than 160, and (B) at least one further organic compound which has a spontaneous ignition temperature of less than 450°C, said further organic compound being a compound which contains one nitrate group and at least two ether linkages or at least two nitrate groups and one or more ether linkages.
• the parent patent application also claims a method of running an engine which comprises injecting into and/or inducting into the engine both A and B, defined in the paragraph immediately above.
• Specific further organic compounds of the component B listed in the parent patent are-2' ­ butoxy - 2 - ethoxyethyl nitrate, diethylene glycol dinitrate (DEGDN), triethylene glycol dinitrate (TEGDN), and the dinitrate of polyethylene glycol of an average molecular weight of 400, (i.e. a compound of average molecular weight of 490).
• TEDGN is one of the most effective ignition improvers for alcohols disclosed to date.
• materials such as DEGDN and TEGDN possess explosive properties, which can be undesirable in some cases for an injection improver.
• the alcohol-based fuel contains 1% (by volume) or more of such ignition improvers, this problem of the explosive properties can be serious since evaporation of the volatile alcohol, for example in the case of fuel spillage, may leave a substantial quantity of residue with explosive properties.
• the Applicant believes that it would be more desirable to use ignition improvers which exhibit ignition-improving properties that are quantitatively similar to TEGDN when admixed with alcohols, but which do not possess explosive properties, and which do not require stabilising or desensitising agents to render them non- explosive.
• a composition of matter may be used as a fuel, as blending stock for a fuel, or the like.
• the component (B) is a mixture of compounds of Formula (I), such that the average molecular weight is between 280 and 350.
• Particular examples of component (B) are mixtures of average molecular weight about 292, 390 and 480.
• Component (B) conveniently can be present in an amount of between 0.01% by volume of the composition, e.g. about 2 to 5% by volume.
• the component (B) has the ability, when admixed with the lower alcohol component (A) to improve the compression-ignition characteristics of the alcohol sufficiently to enable it to be used as a fuel for compression-ignition engines. It further has the inability to propagate an explosion initiated by a 150 g 'Pentolite' explosive booster when contained in a 50 mm diameter steel pipe.
• the invention therefore further provides a liquid fuel for a compression-ignition engine, said fuel, comprising (A) a mixture of at least one lower alcohol of molecular weight less than 160 and (B) an ignition improver which is at least one compound of general formula (I) above and which has a molecular weight between 260 and 480.
• the liquid fuel may also contain at least one further combustible organic material.
• the composition may initially contain between about 5% and about 99% (by volume) of the ignition improver, as it can then be used as a blending stock for preparing fuel for a compression-ignition engine.
• the liquid fuel contains between about 0.01% and about 10% (by volume) of the ignition improver (B) and it can then be used directly as a fuel for compression-ignition engines.
• the alcohol component (A) may have a molecular weight of less than 90, and may be methanol and/or ethanol.
• combustible organic materials When further combustible organic materials are present, they may be one or more of the following: lubricants, stabilizers, corrosion inhibitors, ignition improvers, synergistic agents, other fuels, fuel additives, fuel diluents and fuel extenders. Such materials are of course, compatible with said alcohols.
• a method of operating a compression-ignition engine which comprises supplying, to the engine, a fuel having a composition as hereinbefore described.
• Three ignition improvers comprising mixtures of compounds of Formula (I) and having average molecular weights of 292, 390 amd 480 respectively, (hereinafter referred to as '292', '390' and '480' respectively), were synthesised by nitration of the respective poly(oxyethylene)glycols. All three ignition improvers were a mixture of oligomers.
• Example 1 The ignition improvers of Example 1 exhibited insignificant explosive properties, as illustrated by a severe detonation test. Approximately 1100 ml of each improver were poured into a vertical steel pipe (50 mm internal diameter, length 600 mm) which was closed at the lower end. A 150 g explosive booster, available locally under the AECI Limited trade name 'Pentolite', was inserted in the upper end of the pipe. After detonation of the booster, the pipe was examined. Detonation of the material under test would have resulted in complete fragmentation of the pipe. However, in all three cases, absence of such detonation was evidenced by the pipe only being splayed open at its upper end due to detonation of the booster only. The results are given in Table 1.
• the effectiveness of the ignition improvers of the invention as ignition improvers was assessed by determining the concentration (designated "approximate effective concentration' in Table II) thereof required in methanol and ethanol to yield a fuel which will exhibit a similar ignition delay to hydrocarbon diesel fuel having a C.I. of 45, when used to operate a compression-ignition engine.
• the test engine was an instrumented single-cylinder direct-injection air-cooled diesel engine of 15,7:1 compression ratio, operated at 1500 rpm with a dynamic injection timing of 10° BTDC.
• Fuels which have adequate compression-ignition characteristics for satisfactory engine operation (such as hydrocarbon diesel fuel having a CI of 45) exhibit an ignition delay of between 6° and 7° C.A. (Crank Angle) under these conditions.
• This test shows the effectiveness of the ignition improvers of the invention in respect of methanol and ethanol as compared to triethylene glycol dinitrate.
• Liquid compositions containing ignition improvers according to the invention were prepared by admixing the components as given in Table III. The components were placed in a screw-capped glass bottle which was closed and gently shaken to give a clear, homogeneous solution in each case. These compositions were used as a blending stock to prepare fuels (see Example 5).
• Fuels for use in compression-ignition engines were prepared by mixing together 10 parts by volume of the compositions of Example 4 and 90 parts by volume of methanol or ethanol, to produce fuels having the compositions given in Table IV.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
• Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (3)

Family

ID=25576493

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Cited By (11)

Families Citing this family (1)

Citations (1)

• 1983
  • 1983-06-17 EP EP83303508A patent/EP0116197B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1983-06-17 DE DE8383303508T patent/DE3382079D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1983-06-21 ZW ZW140/83A patent/ZW14083A1/xx unknown
  • 1983-07-04 AU AU16516/83A patent/AU558536B2/en not_active Ceased

Patent Citations (1)

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