EP0115856B1

EP0115856B1 - Boat with stabilizing flaps

Info

Publication number: EP0115856B1
Application number: EP84101026A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Alex R. Kaye
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1983-02-01
Filing date: 1984-02-01
Publication date: 1988-01-20
Also published as: JPS59176187A; AU7724687A; MX157695A; NO161787B; AU2398184A; KR880002158B1; CA1211656A; NO840370L; IT8447632A0; DK160976B; NO161787C; DK42584A; AU562718B2; JPH0743967U; DK160976C; ATE32049T1; KR840007689A; DK42584D0; DE3468849D1; AU590956B2

Abstract

A boat having a pair of bottom banels provided with respective flaps to cause the stern of the boat to ride relatively high in the water when the boat is driven forwardly in the water by an outboard motor. In one embodiment, the flaps pivot downwardly and provide drag for the stern in response to forward movement of the boat. In two other embodiments, the flaps provide planing surfaces near the stern. The boat can be collapsible in which case the bottom panels mate with resilient side panels to form, when collapsed, a flat sandwich configuration which, by the means of improved straps, can be carried on the top of a vehicle or can be hand-carried. An improved bracket for the stern of the boat is used to permit positive attachment of an outboard motor to the boat.

Description

This invention relates to improvements in small boats having collapsible hulls and propelled by outboard motors and, more particularly, to a boat having flaps for keeping the stern of the boat from riding too low in the water as the boat moves in a forward direction.
When an outboard motor is placed on a small boat and the boat is propelled forwardly under the influence of the motor, the stern of the boat has a tendency to sink lower into the water so that the bow rises accordingly. This condition is generally undesirable because the boat pitches as the bow continues to try to descend after it has been elevated. The ride in the boat becomes uncomfortable and stability is reduced.
This problem is especially evident with the use of an outboard motor on a collapsible boat of the type described in US-A-3 482 368. This type of boat has a number of hingedly interconnected panels which move from side-by-side, collapsed positions to expanded positions in which the bottom of the boat is formed by a first pair of panels and the sides are formed by a second pair of sides. Such a boat is lightweight in construction and is easily expanded into its operational condition by one person. Attaching an outboard motor to such a boat gives good results except that a motor weighing in excess of about 13.63 kg (30 pounds), such as a motor of 3 kW (4.0 hp) rating or above, typically is too large for use with the boat because of the problem mentioned above, especially if only one person is seated in the rear of the boat.
Because of such problem, a need exists for structure to be added to the boat to substantially eliminate the problem and thereby allow the boat to be used at desired speeds safely and comfortably.
The use of trim tabs or flaps which are mounted in the rear transom of a small boat to increase stability when the boat is driven by an outboard motor is known from a variety of patent specifications, e.g. from CA-A-940 389 and the US equivalent US-A-3 601 078, and from FR-A-2 250 663, US-A-4 323 017, US-A-3 530 816, FR-A-1 520 327 and US-A-2 816 521. However, none of these specifications disclose a boat with a collapsible hull. Moreover, even those specifications which show stabilizing flaps supported by rods and hinges, e.g. US-A-2816521, do not disclose arrangements which could be used with a collapsible hull and which will readily collapse with the hull on collapsing the boat for transportation.
The present invention satisfies the aforesaid need in a boat with a collapsible hull of the kind set forth in US-A-3 482 368. Thus, in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a boat having a collapsible hull with a bow and a stern and comprising a pair of hingedly interconnected bottom panels extending between the bow and stern and a pair of side panels hingedly connected to respective bottom panels and extending longitudinally thereof, said hull being movable from a collapsed condition in which the panels are in substantial side to side relationship to an expanded condition in which adjacent panels extend outwardly from each other; characterised in that a pair of first flaps is secured to the outer surfaces of respective bottom panels on opposite sides of the hinge line between the bottom panels for causing the stern to ride relatively high in the water as the boat is driven in a forward direction whereby the boat remains substantially level with respect to the water surface during such forward movement, each of said first flaps being formed of resilient material and being secured at its front marginal edge to the respective bottom panel by fasteners whereby the flaps normally assume a retracted position extending along the adjacent surface of a respective bottom panel, and each of said first flaps being movable from said retracted position to an operative position in which it diverges rearwardly from the respective bottom panel, each flap being in the retracted position when the hull is in said collapsed condition; and in that a second flap is provided for each first flap, each second flap being coupled or adapted to be coupled to the outer surface of a respective bottom panel and being movable into an operative location in which it releasably holds the respective first flap in its operative position, each second flap being movable into a retracted location in which it extends along the adjacent surface of the respective bottom panel. Thus in this arrangement the flaps are secured to the outer surfaces of the bottom panels of the boat rather than to the transom as in the prior art. According to claim 9, each pair of first and second flaps may be of one-piece construction.
Although US-A-2 816 521 shows a pair of first flaps provided on opposite sides of the centre line of a boat for causing the stern to ride relatively high in the water as the boat is driven in a forward direction, whereby the boat remains substantially level with respect to the water surface during such forward movement, the flaps are pivotally connected to the transom panel and do not rely on the resilience of the flaps to hold them in either the retracted or deployed positions. Instead an arm and keeper plate arrangement is used to hold the flaps in the operative position and a separate latch is required to hold them in the retracted position parallel to the transom panel.
The purpose of the flaps in the present arrangement is to provide either a drag force on the boat or to provide planing surfaces therefor. Thus, the flaps stabilize the boat so that stern of the boat has substantially no tendency to sink lower in the water as the boat is moved forwardly under the influence of an outboard motor. In this way, the boat is kept substantially level, is easier to handle, and can operate at greater speeds with minimum discomfort to an occupant of the boat.
Moreover, the boat remains substantially level in the water during movement thereof through the water so that greater speed may be achieved for the boat without discomfort to an occupant of the boat.
Thus a collapsible boat is provided having a pair of bottom panels with each panel having a flap thereon in a position to provide either drag for the boat near the stern or to provide a planing surface to keep the stern riding relatively high in the water during forward movement of the boat to avoid the problems caused by lowering of the stern, such as when an outboard motor is used with the boat.
Preferred forms of the invention are set forth in the subordinate claims.
Other objects of this invention will become apparent as the following specification progresses, reference now being made to the accompanying drawings.
In the drawings Figs. 1 to 3 relate to the prior art, Figs. 4 to 7 illustrate the portability of the boat and Figs. 8 to 13 relate to the present invention, more specifically:

Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of a collapsible boat, as shown in US-A-3 482 368;
Fig. 2 is a side elevational view of the boat of Fig. 1 with the boat in an expanded condition;
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the boat of Figs. 1 and 2;
Fig. 4 is a fragmentary, plan view of a vehicle showing the boat of Fig. 1 strapped on the roof of the vehicle;
Fig. 5 is a fragmentary, side elevational view of the boat in its collapsed condition, showing the way in which the straps of Fig. 4 are used to hand- carry the boat;
Fig. 6 is a top plan view of one of the strap parts of the strap means of Figs. 4 and 5;
Fig. 7 is a side elevational view of the strap of Fig. 6;
Fig. 8 is a fragmentary, side elevational view similar to Fig. 1 but showing a first embodiment of the flaps of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is a fragmentary, side elevational view similar to Fig. 2, showing the flaps of Fig. 8 in retracted positions and in operative positions;
Fig. 10 is a fragmentary, bottom plan view of the boat of Fig. 9;
Fig. 11 is a view similar to Fig. 9 but showing a modification of the flaps thereof;
Fig. 12 is a fragmentary, perspective view of the rear end of the boat showing the flaps of Figs. 8-10 mounted thereon and illustrating a rectangular plate secured to the upper ends of adjacent panels of the boat; and
Fig. 13 is a perspective view of an improved bracket for attachment to the plate of Fig. 12 for attaching an outboard motor to the boat.

The present invention is adapted to be used with a boat at the stern thereof to keep the stern from dropping too far into the water as the boat moves forwardly, especially when driven by an outboard motor near the stern of the boat. For purposes of illustration, the present invention will be described with respect to a collapsible boat 10 of the type described in US-A-3 482 368.
Such a boat is shown in its expanded form of Fig. 3 and includes a pair of side panels 12 and 14 and a pair of bottom panels 16 and 18. Panels 12 and 16 are hingedly coupled along a first hinge line 20; panels 14 and 18 are hingedly coupled along a second hinge line 22; and panels 16 and 18 are hingedly coupled along a third hinge line 34. The panels of boat 10 are formed from a resilient sheet material, such as polyethylene, having a thickness of about 6 mm (0.25 inches). In the expanded condition of the boat, planks 26, 28 and 30 are inserted between panels 12 and 14 as shown in Fig. 3 to keep panels 12 and 14 bowed outwardly and separated from each other. Panels 12 and 14 have a tendency to return to their collapsed or inoperative positions due to their resilience; thus, they exert endwise forces on planks 26, 28 and 30, thereby holding the planks in place. By removing the planks, the boat will collapse and fold into a compact condition as shown in Fig. 1, only panel 16 being shown in Fig. 1, the other panels being aligned with panel 16 but on the opposite side thereof and not observable in Fig. 1. However, hinge lines 20 and 24 are seen in Fig. 1. In Fig. 2, the boat is shown in its expanded condition with panel 12 being observed along with panel 16 and hinge lines 20 and 24.
Boat 10 can be used with paddles or with an outboard motor. If a motor is used, the motor is attached to the stern 32 of the boat and the boat can then be driven in a forward direction by the motor.
The problem which arises with the use of a motor of a sufficient size, such as one weighing in excess of about 13.63 kg (30 pounds), the stern of the boat commences to lower while the bow of the boat rises as the speed increases. This causes a loss in stability and makes the ride in the boat uncomfortable to the boat occupant. The flap system of the present teaching eliminates this problem and provides a means for keeping the stern relatively high in the water, i.e., keeping the boat substantially level in the water, especially when the boat has only a single occupant.
Strap means 41 (Figs. 4-7) is used to releasably carry the boat, when collapsed, from the top of a vehicle 42 and also for carrying the boat by hand as shown in Fig. 5. Strap means 41 includes a center strap 44 and a pair of end straps 46 which pass through loops at the ends of center strap 44. The ends of each strap 46 have hooks 48 as shown in Figs. 6 and 7 for releasably attaching the straps to the rain gutters on the sides of the vehicle 42. Take-up buckles 49 of conventional construction are provided for each strap 46, respectively, so that the length of the strap can be adjusted for use in the manner shown in Fig. 4 and for the use in the manner shown in Fig. 5.
When used in the manner shown in Fig. 5, each strap 46 has its end hooks 48 coupled together so that the strap forms a loop which encircles the boat as shown in Fig. 5. Moreover, strap 44 has a take-up loop 50 which allows adjustment in the length of strap 44 for use in the manner shown in Fig. 4 and in the manner shown in Fig. 5. Typically, strap 44 is formed into two segments, 44a and 44b, as shown in Fig. 5. A sheath 45 is carried on segment 44a to provide a cushion effect to prevent discomfort to the person carrying the boat with strap means 41.
A first embodiment of the flap system of the present invention is shown in Figs. 8-10 and includes a pair of flaps 60 which are generally rectangular in shape as shown in Figs. 8 and 10. Each flap 60 has a front edge margin 62, a rear end margin 64 and a pair of side edge margins 66 and 68 (Fig. 8). Each flap 60 is secured by fasteners 70 near the front marginal edge 62 thereof, fasteners being secured to bottom panel 16 and 18 (Fig. 3).
Typically flaps 60 are formed from a suitable, resilient material, such as polypropylene material of about 6.25 mm (0.25 inches) thick. In the retracted positions, flaps 60 normally assume the full line positions of Fig. 9 wherein they extend rearwardly and upwardly from the bottom panels 16 and 18. However, the flaps 60 can be moved into operative positions (the dashed line positions of Fig. 9) by moving, smaller flaps 72 from the full line positions of Fig. 9 to the dashed line positions, each flap 72 having a tab 74 on the lower end thereof which is frictionally received within a slot 76 in the corresponding flap 60. This attachment holds flap 60 in the dashed line position of Fig. 9 and causes flap 60 to form a planing surface for the boat when the boat is driven through the water by an outboard motor coupled to the stern 32 of the boat. The planing action of flaps 60 keeps the stern riding relatively high in the water and keeps the bow relatively low in the water, thus providing increased stability for the boat and allowing a single occupant of the boat to ride in a more comfortable fashion.
Flaps 60 are also shown in Fig. 12 in their operative positions in which the flaps 60 are held in place by smaller flaps 72. Each smaller flap 72 has a pair of holes therethrough to allow water to pass through the flap without exerting a substantial rearward force thereon. The smaller flaps are secured by fasteners 73 to bottom panels 16 and 18.
Fig. 11 shows a modification of flap 60. In this figure, flap 60a is of a one-piece construction and has a lower, main segment 61 for planing purposes. A second, upper segment 63 is hinged to and integral with segment 61 at a rear location 65. A third segment 67 is hinged to and integral with segment 63 at location 69. A pin 71 is removably secured to the adjacent bottom panel of the boat to releasably secure segment 67 to the boat with main segment 61 in its operative, planing position shown in Fig. 11. When pin 71 is removed, segments 63 and 67 straighten out and become substantially coextensive with segment 61. As a result of water force on the flap 60a, the flap will be forced upwardly and against the adjacent bottom panel of the boat and no planing action will occur.
To assist in securing an outboard motor to the boat, boat 10 is provided with a rigid plate 90 (Figs. 12 and 13), plate 90 being secured by fasteners 92 to rear ends of bottom walls 16 and 18. For purposes of illustration, flaps 60 are shown in Fig. 12, the flaps being in their operative positions and held by second flaps 72. To rigidify the connection between plate 90 and boat 10, a rigid bracket 94, preferably of metal, is carried by fasteners 96 on boat 10, bracket 94 having a lower flange 98 and an upper flange 100. Lower flange 98 extends along the inner surface of bottom panels 16 and 18 of the boat, and upperflange 100 extends along the inner surface of plate 90 and is secured to plate 90 by fasteners 102. Thus, an outboard motor can be rigidly secured to plate 90 and flange 100 and thereby be more safely connected to the boat. The connection of the side flanges 95 of bracket 94 assures that a downward force can be exerted on plate 90 while keeping the plate in a fixed position with respect to the boat.

Claims

1. A boat (10) having a collapsible hull with a bow and a stern and comprising a pair of hingedly interconnected bottom panels (16, 18) extending between the bow and stern (32), and a pair of side panels (12, 14) hingedly connected to respective bottom panels (16, 18) and extending longitudinally thereof, said hull being movable from a collapsed condition in which the panels are in substantial side to side relationship to an expanded condition in which adjacent panels extend outwardly from each other; characterised in that a pair of first flaps (60; 61) is secured to the outer surfaces of respective bottom panels (16, 18) on opposite sides of the hinge line (24) between the bottom panels (16, 18) for causing the stern (32) to ride relatively high in the water as the boat is driven in a forward direction, whereby the boat remains substantially level with respect to the water surface during such forward movement, each of said first flaps (60) being formed of resilient material and being secured at its front marginal edge to the respective bottom panel by fasteners (70) whereby the flaps normally assume a retracted position extending along the adjacent surface of a respective bottom panel (16, 18), and each of said first flaps (60; 61) being movable from said retracted position to an operative position in which it diverges rearwardly from the respective bottom panel (16, 18), each flap being in the retracted position when the hull is in said collapsed condition; and in that a second flap (72, 63) is provided for each first flap (60; 61), each second flap (72; 63) being coupled (72) or adapted to be coupled (63) to the outer surface of a respective bottom panel (16, 18) and being movable into an operative location in which it releasably holds the respective first flap in its operative position, each second flap (72; 63) being movable into a retracted location in which it extends along the adjacent surface of the respective bottom panel.

2. A boat (10) as set forth in claim 1, characterised in that the first flaps (60; 61) extend rearwardly of the bottom panels of the boat (10) to form planing surfaces therefor when the flaps are in said operative positions.

3. A boat (10) as set forth either of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that each second flap (72; 63) has at least one hole therethrough to allow water to pass through the flap (72; 63) as the boat (10) moves forwardly when the second flap (72; 63) is in its operative position.

4. A boat (10) as set forth in any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that each first flap (60) has a slot (76) therethrough, each second flap (72) having a tab (74) engageable in the slot (76) of the respective first flap (60) for releasably coupling respective first and second flaps (60, 72) together.

5. A boat (10) as set forth in any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that each second flap (72) is hingedly coupled to the respective bottom panel (16, 18) of the boat (10).

6. A boat (10) as set forth in any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it includes means (26, 28, 30) coupled with the side panels (12, 14) for holding the hull in said expanded condition.

7. A boat (10) as set forth in any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it includes a rigid bracket (94) coupled to the hull near the stern (32) to attach an outboard motor thereto.

8. A boat (10) as set forth in claim 7, characterised in that it includes a plate (90) secured to the rear ends of said bottom panels (16, 18), said bracket (94) having a central flange (100) secured to the plate and a pair of side flanges (95) secured to the hull.

9. A boat (10) as set forth in claim 1, characterised in that each pair of first and second flaps (61, 63) is of one piece construction with each said second flap being integral with the associated first flap and hinged thereto at the rear edge thereof; and in that each said second flap (63) is releasably coupled to the respectively associated bottom panel (16, 18) by a removable pin (71) at the free end of said second flap (63).

10. A boat (10) in accordance with claim 9, characterised in that the pin (71) at the free end of each said second flap (63) passes through a third flap portion (67) hinged to and integral with the free end of that second flap (63).