Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
  • C10L1/1881—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom
  • C10L1/1883—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom polycarboxylic acid
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/221—Organic compounds containing nitrogen compounds of uncertain formula; reaction products where mixtures of compounds are obtained
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
  • C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides

Definitions

• metal corrosion caused by alcohol-type motor fuels is inhibited by adding to the fuel a combination of (A) polymerized polyunsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid and (B) the reaction product of a polyalkylenepolyamine, a monounsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid and, optionally, an alkenyl succinic anhydride.
• the invention provides a liquid fuel adapted for use in an internal combustion engine said fuel comprising from 5 to 100 weight percent alcohol, from Q to 95 weight percent gasoline and a corrosion inhibiting amount of a combination of (A) a polymer of one or more C 16 to C18, preferably a mainly C 18 polyunsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids and (B) a reaction product of (i) about one mole part of one or more polyalkylene polyamines having the formula H 2 N-(R NH n )-H wherein n is an integer from 1 to about 8 the average value of n in a mixture of such polyamines preferably being from 2 to 5, and R is a divalent hydrocarbon group containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms, (ii) about 0.1 to 5 mole parts of one or more C 10 to C20, eg.
• the 'combination' may be a simple mixture or as explained further hereafter, components A and B may react together.
• the additive combination is useful in any alcohol-type motor fuel including gasoline-alcohol mixtures (e.g. "gasohol") as well as straight-alcohol type fuels.
• Useful alcohols include methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, isobutanol and the like including alcohol mixtures.
• Gasohol usually contains about 2 to 30 volume percent alcohol. At concentrations above 10 volume percent phase separation is a problem especially in the presence of water which is difficult to avoid. Phase separation can be minimized by including other oxygenates as co-solvents such as ethers, ketones, esters and the like.
• An especially useful co-solvent is methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) which also increases octane value.
• MTBE methyl tert-butyl ether
• the additive combination may be used at a concentration which provides the required amount of corrosion protection.
• a useful range is about 1 to 5000 p.p. m .
• a more preferred range is about 5 to 2000 p.p. m . and the most preferred concentration is 10 to 500 p.p. m .
• Component A is a polymer of a polyunsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid chiefly consisting of C18 acid units. Examples of these are linoleic acid and linolenic acid including mixtures thereof.
• the polymers comprise mainly dimers and trimers of the polyunsaturated acids. Suitable polymers of linoleic acid are available commercially. Mixtures high in trimer content are most preferred.
• Component B is a reaction product of two or three reactants.
• the first reactant is a polyalkylene polyamine.
• These compounds have the structure H 2 N-(R-NH)-H n in which n is an integer from 1-8 preferably with an average value in mixtures of about 2-5.
• R is a divalent hydrocarbon group containing 2-4 carbon atoms.
• Examples of these reactants are ethylene diamine, diethylene traimine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine, pentaethylene hexamine, propylene diamine, dipropylene triamine, tetrapropylene pentamine, butylene diamine and the like including mixtures thereof.
• the more preferred alkylene polyamines are the polyethylene polyamines especially those in which n is an integer of 1-6 and most preferably mixtures of such polyethylene polyamines in which n has an average value of 2-4.
• the second is a monounsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid.
• such acids containing about 12-24 carbons have some utility, it has been found that superior results are achieved using 18 carbon acids or mixtures of acids mainly composed of C18 acids, especially oleic acid, or commercial products high in oleic acid content such as tall oil fatty acids.
• These acids can also be used in the form of their lower alkyl esters (e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl) in which case the alcohol is displaced and distilled out during reaction.
• the third reactant which is optional is an alkenyl succinic acid or anhydride, preferably an anhydride.
• alkenyl succinic acid or anhydride preferably an anhydride.
• the alkenyl group can vary over a wide range, for example, from 8-30 carbon atoms. Examples of these are octenyl, decenyl, dodecenyl, tetradecenyl, hexadecenyl, octadecenyl, eicosenyl, docosenyl, tetracosenyl, triacoulenyl and the like. More preferably, the alkenyl substituent contain about 10-14 carbon atoms.
• the alkenyl succinic reactant can also be used in the form of its lower alkyl ester but this is not the preferred mode.
• the B component is made by reacting the above reactants in the ratio of one mole of poly alkenyl polyamine: 0.1 to 5 moles of monounsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid: 0 to 4 moles of alkenyl succinic anhydride; preferably the alkenyl succinic anhydride is used at a mole ratio of 0.5 to 3.5.
• the reactants can be mixed altogether to provide a product formed in a single stage.
• a preferred method of making the (B) component is in a first stage to react the monounsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid with the polyalkylene polyamine; this reaction may preferably be carried out in an inert solvent such as hexane, benzene, xylene and the like at an elevated temperature. On completion of the first stage reaction, any remaining solvent is removed and the resultant product is a substance useful as the B component.
• the first stage product is then further reacted in a second stage with the alkenyl succinic anhydride; this second stage reaction may be carried out in another or the same inert solvent, preferably in mineral oil, to yield a solution of a further product useful as the B component.
• the reaction temperature in making the B component can vary over a wide range.
• a useful range is about 4 0 to 200 o C.
• the reaction temperature in the first stage is high enough to distill out any water or alcohol displaced in the reaction.
• a more preferred range in the first stage is 100 to 190°C.
• component B is as follows:
• a preferred method of forming the fuel compositions is to formulate the co-additives as a concentrate and then simply add the proper amount of the concentrate to the alcohol-type motor fuel.
• the concentrate comprises a suitable inert solvent such as alcohols, ethers, esters, aromatic hydrocarbons and the like, and most preferably, aromatic hydrocarbons, such as toluene, xylene and the like, containing about 1 to 50 weight percent of the additive combination.
• the two active components, A & B are preferably present in the ratios of between 1 part by weight of A to 10 parts by weight of B and 10 parts by weight of A to 1 part by weight Of B. More preferably they are present in the ratios of between 1 part of A to 5 parts of B and 5 parts of A to 1 part of B.
• any excess amine function and carboxylic acid function in the additive combination will probably exist as an amine salt. This is not detrimental and is considered as part of the invention as long as any such salt results from mixing the A and B components or from adding the A and B components to the fuel.
• admixture of the additives may be in a refluxing solvent with the elimination of water so as to form a reaction product.
• the coupons were removed from the fuel; after loose deposits were removed with a light brush, the coupons were washed and dried as at the start of the test and were then reweighed. Any change in coupon weight was recorded.
• the corrosion was characterised by two modes, either weight loss by loss of metal or weight gain due to deposition of corrosion products, in the tests carried out below, visual examination of the coupons after test indicated that the two modes were mutually exclusive.
• component A a polymer of a C 18 polyunsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid which essentially comprised a trimer of linoleic acid and as component B, either component Bl, a two stage reaction product of triethylene tetramine with oleic acid and C 12 alkenyl succinic anhydride or component B2, a one stage reaction product of triethylene tetramine with oleic acid containing 6.0% nitrogen and having an acid value of 265mg KOH/g (IP1 method ).
• component Bl was made as a 50% concentrate in mineral oil, which concentrate contained 2.5 percent nitrogen and had an acid value of 56mg KOH/g (IP1 method). The components were mixed together and added to the fuel as a concentrate in xylene.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Priority Applications (2)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=8191049

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (2)

Cited By (2)

Citations (5)

• 1983
  • 1983-01-27 EP EP19830300440 patent/EP0115110B1/fr not_active Expired
  • 1983-01-27 DE DE8383300440T patent/DE3365202D1/de not_active Expired

Patent Citations (5)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events