EP0109986B1 - Récipient en métal réétiré avec joint circonférentiel - Google Patents

Récipient en métal réétiré avec joint circonférentiel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0109986B1
EP0109986B1 EP19820306178 EP82306178A EP0109986B1 EP 0109986 B1 EP0109986 B1 EP 0109986B1 EP 19820306178 EP19820306178 EP 19820306178 EP 82306178 A EP82306178 A EP 82306178A EP 0109986 B1 EP0109986 B1 EP 0109986B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lower member
seam
open end
draw
vessel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19820306178
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0109986A1 (fr
Inventor
Katsuhiro Imazu
Hiroshi Matsubayashi
Makoto Horiguchi
Kazuo Taira
Seishichi Kobayashi
Hiroshi Ueno
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toyo Seikan Group Holdings Ltd
Original Assignee
Toyo Seikan Kaisha Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toyo Seikan Kaisha Ltd filed Critical Toyo Seikan Kaisha Ltd
Priority to EP19820306178 priority Critical patent/EP0109986B1/fr
Priority to DE8282306178T priority patent/DE3275641D1/de
Publication of EP0109986A1 publication Critical patent/EP0109986A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0109986B1 publication Critical patent/EP0109986B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D1/00Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
    • B65D1/22Boxes or like containers with side walls of substantial depth for enclosing contents
    • B65D1/26Thin-walled containers, e.g. formed by deep-drawing operations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D7/00Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting or uniting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, components made wholly or mainly of metal
    • B65D7/12Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting or uniting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, components made wholly or mainly of metal characterised by wall construction or by connections between walls
    • B65D7/34Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting or uniting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, components made wholly or mainly of metal characterised by wall construction or by connections between walls with permanent connections between walls
    • B65D7/38Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting or uniting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, components made wholly or mainly of metal characterised by wall construction or by connections between walls with permanent connections between walls formed by soldering, welding, or otherwise uniting opposed surfaces

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a metal vessel having a circumferential side seam, which is formed by lap-bonding of open end portions of upper and lower members by means of an adhesive, the lower member comprising a tall thin wall portion, a thick bottom portion and an open end portion and the upper member comprising a short side wall, a top wall, a spout having a diameter smaller than that of the side wall and an open end portion.
  • EP-A-0 048 890 discloses a metal vessel of the general type with which the invention is concerned, as defined above.
  • So-called draw-ironed cans are widely used for contents having a spontaneous pressure, such as beer and carbonated drinks.
  • draw-ironed cans are prepared by draw-forming a metal blank punched in a disc or the like between the drawing punch and a drawing die to form a cup and ironing the side wall of the formed cup between an ironing punch and an ironing die to reduce the thickness of the side wall.
  • the structurally weakest portion of a draw-ironed can is the portion double-seamed to a can end, and when the can receives shocks on falling or the like, this portion is broken or leakage is caused in this portion.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a draw-ironed metal vessel of a tin-plated steel plate in which there is not a portion double-seamed to an end and the sole seam present in the vessel is a circumferential side seam formed by lap-bonding of open end portions of two confronting seamless cups.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a draw-ironed metal vessel of a tin-plated steel plate, which has a smaller thickness of the side wall portion than in the conventional draw-ironed tin-plated steel plate cans and is excellent in the light-weight characteristic, the pressure resistance and the shock resistance and which can easily be disposed of because of a high easy crushability.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a draw-ironed metal vessel formed by draw-ironing of a tin plated steel plate, which has a circumferential side seam excellent in the bonding property and in which the adhesion of a coating is high.
  • the metal vessel of the present invention is characterised in that said lower member is formed by draw-ironing a tin-plated steel plate at an ironing ratio (R,) of at least 20%, said ironing ratio (R 1 ) being defined by the following formula: wherein T B is the thickness of the bottom portion of the lower member and T w is the thickness of the side wall portion of the lower member, said lower member being subjected to a surface treatment with phosphate and/or chromate and having a protective varnish on the entire surface thereof, said upper member is formed by shallow drawing of a protecting varnish-coated tin-plated steel plate, the adhesive is a heat-fusion-bondable thermoplastic resin having a melting point or softening point of 130 to 240°C, and that the lap-bonding is conducted by heating to fuse the adhesive of the seam and cooling the seam.
  • R ironing ratio
  • a draw-ironed metal vessel comprises a lower member 1 formed of a seamless molded cup of a tin-plated steel plate and an upper member 2 formed of a seamless molded cup of a metal. These molded cups are integrated in the form of a vessel by lap-bonding open end portions 3 and 4 to form a circumferential side seam 5.
  • the lower member 1 comprises a tall thin side wall portion 6 formed by deeply draw-ironing a tinplate blank and a thick bottom portion 7 which is not substantially ironed.
  • the upper member 2 comprises a short side wall 8 formed by shallow drawing of a tinplate blank and a top wall 9.
  • the height of the side wall portion 8 of the upper member 2 is equal to or slightly larger than the width of the seam 5.
  • the top wall 9 of the upper member 2 has a convex taper face, and a spout 10 for charging and discharging the content is formed at the center of the top wall 9.
  • the upper member 2 is bonded in the form of a shoulder and neck of a so-called bottle to the lower member 1.
  • the open end portion 3 of the lower member 1 is drawn by necking-in of the adjoining portion so that the diameter is smaller than that of the other barrel wall portion, and the open end portion 3 is fitted and inserted in an open end portion 4 of the upper member 2 having a larger diameter.
  • An adhesive layer 11 is formed between the outer surface of the open end portion 3 of the lower member and the inner surface of the open end portion 4 of the upper member to effect bonding and integration of the upper and lower members. From the viewpoint of the corrosion resistance, it is preferred that a part of the adhesive 11 be protruded from the seam 5 to form a coating layer 13 for a cut edge 12 of the tinplate blank located on the inner side of the seam.
  • the side wall 6 of the lower member constituting a main part of the barrel portion of the vessel is ironed so that the ironing ratio R, defined by the following formula: wherein T stands for the thickness of the bottom of the molded cup T w stands for the thickness of the side wall of the molded cup, is at least 20%, preferably 30 to 80%.
  • the tinplate vessel of the present invention is characterized in that, as pointed out hereinbefore, the side wall constituting a main part of the barrel portion of the vessel is highly ironed and the thickness is reduced, the sole seam present in the vessel is a circumferential side seam, and this seam is formed by lap bonding.
  • the buckling tendency is obviated at the sealing step.
  • the axial load applied to the vessel barrel is in the range of 50 to 100 Kg and is smaller than about 1/2 of the axial load applied at the double-seaming step. Therefore, the buckling tendency is considerably reduced as compared with the case of double seaming.
  • the circumferential side seam present in the tinplate vessel of the present invention is formed by lap bonding having a high resistance against a load applied in the axial direction. Accordingly, the structure of the vessel of the present invention is highly resistant to pressures or shocks. In case of double seaming, bonding by folding (lock seaming) or butt bonding, if the thickness of the blank is small, the blank constituting the seam is first deformed by the load applied to the seam, and because of this deformation, leakage at the seam or breakage of the seam is caused under a relatively small load.
  • the thickness of the main portion of the barrel of the tinplate vessel is reduced by high ironing, the weight of the vessel per unit volume is drastically reduced and the material metal cost can be lowered. Further, in the barrel portion of the vessel of the present invention, a fresh metal face is exposed to the outside by high ironing, and therefore, the adhesion to a protecting paint and the adhesion to an adhesive used for formation of a seam are highly improved. This is another advantage attained by the present invention.
  • tinplate blank for formation of the vessel of the present invention tinplate having tin deposited in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0 Ib/B.B. on one surface is preferably used.
  • the deposited tin layer may be one subjected to a remelting treatment (reflow plate or bright plate), or it may not be subjected to this treatment (non-reflow plate or matt plate).
  • a tinplate blank is relatively difficult to bond by an adhesive.
  • a tin oxide layer should naturally be formed in the surface portion of the deposited tin layer. This tin oxide layer is poor in the mechanical strength and is brittle. Accordingly, it is believed that in a vessel formed by bonding such tinplate by an adhesive, the tin oxide layer present in the bonding interface is readily peeled, resulting in drastic reduction of the bonding strength.
  • the side wall portion of the upper or lower member, to be formed into a circumferential seam is subjected to a drawing processing or a high ironing processing, peeling of the tin oxide layer and exposure of a fresh metal surface are effected, and therefore, the adhesion or bonding property to an adhesive or primer is highly improved.
  • a tinplate blank such as mentioned above is punched into a disc or the like and is subjected to one-stage or multi-stage drawing between a drawing punch and a drawing die, and multi-stage ironing is carried out between an ironing punch and an ironing die.
  • Drawing and iron conditions are known, and drawing and ironing can be accomplished very easily according to known procedures while controlling the ironing ratio in the above-mentioned range.
  • the thickness of the tinplate blank to be processed be 0.2 to 0.5 mm, especially 0.2 to 0.35 mm, though the preferred thickness is varied more or less according to the size of the final vessel, and it also is preferred that the thickness T w of the side wall portion formed by ironing be 0.05 to 0.20 mm, especially 0.06 to 0.17 mm, while the ironing ratio is in the above-mentioned range.
  • the ironing ratio of the open end portion of the cup to be subjected to a necking-in treatment is lower by 5 to 30% than the ironing ratio of the other side wall portion, this portion is advantageously prevented from being damaged at the necking step.
  • a method in which the ironing operation is performed in at least three stages while gradually narrowing the clearance between a punch and a die and the open end portion is prevented from being ironed at the ironing step of the final stage.
  • the operation of necking-in the draw-ironed cup is carried out so that the upper and lower members come to' liave such sizes that they are precisely fitted together.
  • the outer diameter r, of the open end portion to be located on the inner side of the circumferential lap bonding to be formed, the inner diameter r o of the other open end portion to be located on the outer side of the circumferential lap bonding and the thickness d A of the adhesive layer to be interposed between both the open end portions are selected so that the relation of r o -r l ⁇ d A is established, both the open end portions always press the adhesive layer and tight bonding and assured sealing at the seam become possible.
  • the draw-ironed molded cup is subjected to trimming and after washing if necessary, the cup is subjected to a surface chemical treatment with a phosphate and/or a chromate. Then, an anti-corrosive protecting varnish is applied to at least the inner surface of the cup.
  • the phosphate and/or chromate treatment may be seen that P and/or Cr is deposited in an amount of 1 to 2, mg/m 2 as the atom on the surface of the deposited tin layer.
  • the edge of the open end portion of the cup should naturally be treated, and even if this open end portion is located on the inner side of the seam and exposed to the packed content, it shows a high corrosion resistance.
  • the adhesion to an adhesive is improved and also the adhesion of a paint or resin coating to be applied later is improved.
  • thermosetting and thermoplastic resins for example, modified epoxy paints such as phenol-epoxy paints and amino-epoxy paints, vinyl and modified vinyl paints such as vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer paints, saponified vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer paints, vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate/maleic anhydride copolymer paints, epoxy-modified epoxyamino-modified vinyl resin paints and epoxy-modified epoxyphenol- modified vinyl resin paints, acrylic resin paints, and synthetic rubber paints such as styrene-butadiene copolymer paints.
  • modified epoxy paints such as phenol-epoxy paints and amino-epoxy paints
  • vinyl and modified vinyl paints such as vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer paints, saponified vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer paints, vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate/maleic anhydride copolymer paints,
  • paints are applied in the form of an organic solvent solution such as a lacquer or enamel or an aqueous dispersion or solution by spray coating, dip coating, electrostatic coating or electrophoretic coating.
  • organic solvent solution such as a lacquer or enamel or an aqueous dispersion or solution
  • spray coating dip coating
  • electrostatic coating electrophoretic coating
  • the coating is baked according to need.
  • the shallowly drawn cup as the upper member is formed by shallowly drawing a metal blank, to which a varnish as mentioned above has been applied in advance, by using a pressing mold or a combination of a drawing punch and a drawing die. Then, the top wall of the formed cup is punched to form an upper member having a pouring mouth.
  • Lap bonding of the upper and lower members is accomplished by using an adhesive.
  • an adhesive is applied to at least one of the open end portions of the lower and upper members to be bonded and both the open end portions are fitted together.
  • a heat-fusion-bondable thermoplastic resin having a melting or softening point of 130 to 240°C is used as adhesive.
  • nylon type adhesives such as nylon-13, nylon-12, nylon-11, nylon-6,12 and copolyamides and blends thereof
  • polyester adhesives such as polyethylene terephthalate/isophthalate and polytetramethylene terephthalate/isophthalate
  • olefin adhesives such as an acid-modified olefin resin, and ethylene/acrylic acid ester copolymer, an ion-crosslinked olefin copolymer (ionomer) and an ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer.
  • the adhesive is applied in the form of a film, powder, dispersion or solution to each of the open end portions to be bonded to form a heat-bondable adhesive layer uniformly along the entire circumference of the open end portion.
  • the open end portion to be located on the outer side of the seam is heated to increase the diameter or the open end portion to be located on the inner side of the seam is cooled to diminish the diameter, whereby the fitting of both the members is facilitated. If this means is adopted, the fitting can easily be accomplished even when the relation represented by the above-mentioned inequality is established among the outer diameter of the inner end edge, the inner diameter of the outer end edge and the thickness of the adhesive layer.
  • the seam is heated to fuse the adhesive layer, and the seam is cooled to effect bonding and sealing on the seam. Since the adhesive layer is fused at this step in the state where the adhesive layer is pressed in both the end edge portions bonding and sealing on the seam can be accomplished completely. Heating of the seam is advantageously performed by high frequency induction heating.
  • the side wall portion of the lower member is highly drawn in the foregoing embodiment, there may be adopted a modification shown in Fig. 2 in which the upper member 2a is a draw-ironed cup comprising a tall thin side wall portion 8a formed by highly draw-ironing a metal blank and a thick top wall 9a which is not substantially ironed and the lower member 1 a is a shallowly drawn cup comprising a short side wall 6a formed by shallowly drawing a metal blank and a bottom wall 7a.
  • the lower member 1 is a draw-ironed cup as shown in Figs. 1 and 2
  • the upper member 2b is a draw-ironed cup comprising a tall thin side wall portion 8b formed by highly draw-ironing a metal blank and a thick top wall 9b which is not substantially ironed, and the open end portions of both the draw-ironed cups are lap-bonded.
  • a tall metal vessel in which the thickness of the entire side wall portion is reduced by ironing of a high ratio.
  • the vessel of the present invention is valuable as a vessel for a content having a spontaneous pressure such as a carbonated drink, beer or brown liquor or as an inner pressure vessel in which a content is packed together with nitrogen gas or liquefied nitrogen.
  • the vessel of the present invention is advantageous over a similar can formed of aluminum in that the rigidity is high and the vessel is excellent in the shape-retaining property and the deformation resistance.
  • a bright tinplate (temper of T-2; tin coating weight of #50/50) having a thickness of 0.30 mm was punched into a disc having a diameter of 120 mm, and the disc was formed into a cup having an inner diameter of 85 mm between a drawing punch and a drawing die according to customary procedures.
  • the cup was subjected to re-drawing and was then ironed at an ironing ratio of 65.0% by an ironing punch having a diameter of 65.3 mm and an ironing die.
  • the so-formed lower member was subjected to panelling and necking-in by using known means.
  • the dimensions and physical values of the lower member were as follows.
  • the inner and outer surfaces of the resulting lower member were degreased and washed, and the lower member was subjected to a phosphate treatment (4 mg/m 2 of P as the atom was deposited on the tin-plated surface). Then, a white coat composed of a modified acrylic resin was applied to the outer surface of the lower member except an area of a width of about 5 mm from the open end portion, and the outer surface of the lower member was printed. Then, an epoxy ester type finish varnish was applied to the entire outer surface inclusive of the open end portion and was baked. Then, an epoxy urea type paint was applied to the inner surface of the lower member and was baked.
  • thermoplastic organic adhesive was applied to a circumferential portion having a width of about 5 mm from the open end portion in the lower member according to customary procedures.
  • a bright tinplate (temper of T-1; tin coating weight of #50/50) having a thickness of 0.23 mm, on both the surfaces of which an epoxy ester type paint had been coated and baked in advance, was punched into a disc having a diameter of 90 mm and was then press-formed according to customary procedures. Finally, a liquid-spout was formed on the resulting upper member.
  • the upper member was fitted with the lower member to which the adhesive had been applied in the circumferential form and they were heated at about 220°C to fuse the adhesive and were then cooled to effect bonding and form a metal vessel.
  • the dimensions and physical values of the metal vessel comprising the upper and lower members were as follows.
  • the metal vessel was cold-packed with (A) cola, (B) beer or (C) artificial carbonated drink, and the spout was sealed. Then, the packed vessel was heat-sterilized under conditions shown in Table 1.
  • a draw-ironed metal vessel having a circumferential side seam was prepared in the same manner as described in Example 1 except that a bright tinplate having a thickness of 0.27 mm was used and the ironing ratio R, of the side wall portion of the lower member was changed to 72.2%.
  • a draw-ironed metal vessel was prepared in the same manner as described in Example 2 except that a brighttinplate having a thickness of 0.20 mm was used and the ironing ratio R, of the side wall portion of the lower member was changed to 75%.
  • a metal vessel was prepared in the same manner as described in Example 1 except that a drawn lower member was formed by subjecting a bright tin-deposited steel plate (temper of T-2; tin coating weight of #50/50) having a thickness of 0.20 mm to drawing and re-drawing according to customary procedures.
  • a bright tin-deposited steel plate temper of T-2; tin coating weight of #50/50
  • a metal vessel was prepared in the same manner as described in Example 1 except that the phosphate treatment was not carried out. The bonding strength of the metal vessel was measured. The obtained results are shown in Table 2.
  • Metal vessels were prepared in the same manner as described in Example 1 except that the ironing ratio R of the lower member, represented by the following formula: was set at 5 points in the range of from 10 to 80% and the T value was adjusted so that the T w value was finally equal.
  • the ironing ratio R of the lower member represented by the following formula: was set at 5 points in the range of from 10 to 80% and the T value was adjusted so that the T w value was finally equal.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Rigid Containers With Two Or More Constituent Elements (AREA)

Claims (3)

1. Récipient métallique ayant un joint latéral circonférentiel, qui est formé par assemblage à recouvrement de parties d'extrémités ouvertes (3,4) d'éléments supérieur et inférieur (1, 2), au moyen d'un adhésif (11), l'élément inférieur (1) comprenant une partie haute à paroi mince (6), une partie fond épaisse (7) et une partie d'extrémité ouverte (3), et l'élément supérieur (2) comprenant une courte paroi latérale (8), une paroi supérieure (9), un goulot (10), ayant un diamètre plus petit que celui de la paroi latérale et une partie d'extrémité ouverte (4), caractérisé par le fait que ledit élément inférieur (1) est formé par emboutissage-étirage d'une plaque d'acier étamé, à un rapport d'étirage (R,) d'au moins 20%, ledit rapport d'étirage (R,) étant défini par la formule suivante:
Figure imgb0009
où TB est l'épaisseur de la partie de fond de l'élément inférieur et Tw est l'épaisseur de la partie de paroi latérale de l'élément inférieur, ledit élément inférieur étant soumis à un traitement de surface avec un phosphate et/ou un chromate et étant muni d'un vernis protecteur sur toute sa surface, ledit élément supérieur (2) est formé par emboutissage peu profond d'une plaque d'acier étamé revêtue d'un vernis protecteur, l'adhésif (11) est une résine thermoplastique collable par fusion à chaud ayant un point de fusion ou de ramollissement de 130 à 240°C et la liaison à recouvrement est effectuée par chauffage pour fondre l'adhésif du joint et par refroidissement du joint.
2. Récipient métallique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que la partie d'extrémité ouverte (3) de l'élément inférieur (1) est située sur le côté intérieur du joint latéral circonférentiel.
3. Récipient métallique selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que la partie d'extrémité ouverte (3) du dit élément inférieur (1) est soumise à un processus de rétreint de manière que son diamètre soit plus petit que celui de la partie de paroi (6).
EP19820306178 1982-11-19 1982-11-19 Récipient en métal réétiré avec joint circonférentiel Expired EP0109986B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19820306178 EP0109986B1 (fr) 1982-11-19 1982-11-19 Récipient en métal réétiré avec joint circonférentiel
DE8282306178T DE3275641D1 (en) 1982-11-19 1982-11-19 Draw-ironed metal vessel having circumferential side seam

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19820306178 EP0109986B1 (fr) 1982-11-19 1982-11-19 Récipient en métal réétiré avec joint circonférentiel

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EP0109986A1 EP0109986A1 (fr) 1984-06-13
EP0109986B1 true EP0109986B1 (fr) 1987-03-11

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016007151A1 (fr) * 2014-07-09 2016-01-14 Umm Al-Qura University Récipient de refroidissement pour flacons de vaccin

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2003229216A1 (en) * 2002-06-03 2003-12-19 Alcan International Limited Two piece container

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3815535A (en) * 1972-12-14 1974-06-11 Schwaab W Lackfab Kg Inh Geb B Apparatus and process for the making and coating of hollow bodies
US3998174A (en) * 1975-08-07 1976-12-21 National Steel Corporation Light-weight, high-strength, drawn and ironed, flat rolled steel container body method of manufacture
GR75018B (fr) * 1980-09-26 1984-07-12 Continental Group

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016007151A1 (fr) * 2014-07-09 2016-01-14 Umm Al-Qura University Récipient de refroidissement pour flacons de vaccin

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DE3275641D1 (en) 1987-04-16
EP0109986A1 (fr) 1984-06-13

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