EP0105299B1

EP0105299B1 - Casing stabbing tools

Info

Publication number: EP0105299B1
Application number: EP83901093A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Rolf August Ruesse
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1982-03-31
Filing date: 1983-03-31
Publication date: 1986-10-15
Also published as: WO1983003443A1; NO834351L; EP0105299A1

Abstract

A casing stabbing tool (10) for facilitating screwing onto the uppermost downhole joint (30) of a casing string the next joint (50) comprises an upstanding frame (12) having mounted thereon lower clamping means (14, 16) for clamping the tool to the joint (30) and upper clamping means (18) for embracing the joint (50). Further clamping means (20) ensure alignment of the suspended joint (50) while it is being screwed on. The height of the lower clamping means may be adjustable by an actuating mechanism and the clamping jaws provided with vertical rollers which support the joint while allowing its rotation. A wire pulley mechanism may be housed within the frame (12) for positioning the tool (10).

Description

This invention relates to casing stabbing tools for use when a further casing joint (or section) of a string of steel casing joints lining a bore hole is being screwed to the uppermost joint of the string, said tools comprising a drive mechanism for positioning a structure, for example a mast, at a desired position between two points and restraining it from swinging about.
US Specification US-A-2-2 450 934 discloses a well drill pipe handling apparatus comprising a frame which is fixedly mounted on the rig platform and supports, in ascending order, a work-holding tong for holding the top downhole drill pipe section, a tightening tong for finally tightening the next pipe section to be added, a rapid joint spinner and a manipulator arm for holding the lower portion of a suspended section to be added to the downhole section.
Such an apparatus is for adding to the downhole pipe further sections of drill pipe which are only up to 18 mm in diameter and have coarse, robust conical threads not requiring precise alignment. The manipulator arm is for guiding the lower end of a 23-25 m drill pipe string, which is suspended from its upper end, into the correct position, and considerable skill is required to operate such a free-swinging manipulator arm.
The above apparatus would not be adaptable to handling the joints of a casing string which have a diameter 2 or 3 times as great as that of drill pipe and much more delicate threads.
An aim of the present invention is to provide a tool that is capable of handling such joints.
According to the present invention there is provided a tool for facilitating screwing onto the upper threaded end of the uppermost downhole joint of a well string the lower threaded end of a next joint to be added to the string, the tool comprising an upstanding frame having mounted thereon lower clamping means for rigidly clamping the tool to the downhole joint, upper engaging means for engaging said next joint adjacent the lower end thereof and further engaging means for engaging the next joint at a higher point along the length thereof, characterised in that the tool is a casing stabbing tool, the upper engaging means are arranged to permit only relative rotational movement of said next joint, and in that the tool additionally comprises actuating means for moving said upper clamping means by regulation of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure, whereby said next joint may be partly or completely supported during stabbing and make-up without lateral movement.
Preferably the upper clamping means comprises a number of opposed pairs of circumferentially arranged resilient idler rolls having a surface with a high co-efficient of friction and which engage said next joint and engage it axially, while allowing it to rotate during make-up of the threaded connection.
Desirably the further engaging means are arranged to engage the upper end of the next joint at a position remote from the upper engaging means and to ensure alignment of the upper joint while permitting relative axial and rotational movement thereof.
Heavy tools, such as casing stabbing tools according to the present invention, which are freely suspended from the derrick of a floating drilling rig by a wire line tend to swing about due to wind forces and pitching, rolling and yawing movement of the rig, and require considerable manual strength for lateral manipulation from the rig floor. The suspended tool is thus difficult and dangerous to handle.
According to a preferred aspect of the present invention the tool incorporates a drive mechanism for positioning a structure at a desired position between first and second points, the mechanism comprising a pulley housing having first and second sheaves and a fixed sheave mounted thereon, situated between said lead sheaves and fixed sheaves a traveling block having first and second sheaves and being arranged for reciprocal movement, drive means for driving the travelling block relatively to the housing, a first line having one end secured to said housing and running over the first sheave on the travelling block and the first lead sheave to the first fixed point, and a second line secured to said housing and running round the second travelling sheave and the fixed turning sheave and over said second lead sheave to said second fixed point, the arrangement being such that operation of the drive means in one direction to cause movement of the travelling block away from said lead sheaves and towards the fixed block shortens said first line and lengthens the second line by an equal amount to move the structure towards said first point, and reverse operation of the drive means causes the structure to move towards the second point, the tension in both lines thus being always maintained to prevent displacement in either direction of the structure from said desired position.
The mechanism can conveniently be incorporated within the upstanding frame of the casing stabbing tool according to the invention in which case the first line is secured to the casing spider and the second line to an anchorage point on the rig. Preferably the drive means is a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder which can be operated from the rig's supply.
An embodiment of each aspect of the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings in which:-

Figure 1 is an elevation of a casing stabbing tool according to a first aspect of the invention;
Figure 2 is a section on the line A-A in Fig. 1;
Figure 3 is a section on the line B-B of Fig. 1;
Figure 4 is a partial elevation of a modification of the tool of Figs. 1 to 3 according to the second aspect of the invention;
Figure 5 is a section on the line C-C of Fig. 4;
Figure 6 is a front elevation of a drive mechanism according to the third aspect of the invention;
Figure 7 is a section along the line A-A of Fig. 6;
Figure 8 is a section on the line B-B of Fig. 7; and
Figure 9 is an end elevation taken on the lefthand end of Fig. 7.

As shown in Figs. 1 to 3 a casing stabbing tool 10 comprises a mast 12 having projecting laterally therefrom a first lower clamping assembly 14, a second lower clamping assembly 16, a first upper clamping assembly 18 and a second upper clamping assembly 20 having a lifting becket 21 secured thereto.
Each lower clamping assembly 14, 16 comprises a platform 22, the lower platform being braced by a strut 24 and the upper by a strut 26. Each platform 22 has a mouth 28 for receiving a downhole casing joint 30 and which is provided with two arcuate abutment plates 32. Mounted on each platform 22 is a pneumatic ram 34 linked to two claws 36, 37 having arcuate linings 38 and capable of operating each independently to clamp the joint 30 securely againstlhepiates 32.
Each upper clamping assembly 18, 20 is braced by a strut 39 and has a mouth 40 provided at the rear thereof with a narrow, semi-cylindrical collar 42. Pivotally mounted claws 44, 46 are independently operable by a pneumatic ram 48, these units being slightly smaller than the corresponding units on the lower platforms, to embrace an upper casing joint 50 to be added to the string.
In use the tool 10 is suspended from a derrick by a wire tugger line attached to the becket 21.
To instal the new joint 50 the rams 34 are actuated to close the two pairs of claws 36, 37' firmly around the joint 30 which is itself firmly embraced by a spider so as to clamp the whole tool 10 thereto. The upper joint 50 is then swung into position by the rig's lifting mechanism until its threaded frusto-conical lower end 52 is a short distance above the internally threaded collar 54 on the joint 30. With the joint 50 thus suspended the rams 48 are operated to close both sets of claws 44, 46 around the joint 50, bringing it into exact axial alignment with the joint 30 but still permitting axial and rotational movement thereof, so that it may thereafter be lowered or stabbed until the frusto-conical end 52 engages the mouth of the collar 54 and be subsequently rotated in the conventional manner until the threaded connection between the joints 30, 50 is fully made up.
The modified tool 60 is shown in Figs. 4 and 5 generally resembles the tool 10 except that the fixed upper clamping assembly 18 is replaced by a moveable assembly 62 and the tapered mast 12 by a mast 64 of constant cross-section.
The platform 22 of the assembly 62 is mounted on a sleeve 66 slidably received on the mast 64 and is moveable in a vertical direction by a pneumatic cylinder 86, supplied by an air-over-oil reservoir (not shown) and controlled by a pressure regulator (not shown). The platform mouth 40 has two arcuate plates 70 upstanding from the rear thereof and bears pivotally- mounted claws 72, 74, each provided with arcuate plates 76 and operable by a ram 78; each of the four plates 70, 76 has two vertically disposed rubber rollers 80 mounted thereon.
In an unillustrated alternative, the ram 78 may be replaced by a ram mounted along the length of the platform 22 (i.e. at right angles to the ram 78) and having a piston rod running in a guide frame to take lateral forces, the rod being pivotally connected to the ends of two push rods which are in turn pivotally connected at their other ends to the respective ends of the claws 72, 74. An adjustable stop in the form of a tapered pin is provided for the piston rod.
The tool 60 is operated in generally the same way as the tool 10 except that when all the clamping assemblies 14, 16, 62, 20 are engaged with the respective casing joints 30, 50 the new joint 50 is held suspended co-axially above the lower joint 30 by the frictional action of the rollers 80. The joint 50 is then lowered gently by operating the pressure regulator to reduce the _pressure to slightly less than that required to support its weight and in this way only a very small proportion of the total load is borne by the threads during stabbing and subsequent rotation (which is allowed by the rollers 80) to make up the threaded connection.
If desired, the claws and moveable platform may be operated hydraulically instead of pneumatically.
In further modifications the mast 12, 64 may be cut above the clamping assembly 18 or 62 and each end fitted with flanges that may be bolted together for convenience of transportation; a lifting bracket not shown may be provided on the top of the mast 12, 64; the plates 32, linings 38 and collars 42 may be made interchangeable by means of aligned apertures and a locking pin with other, different-sized members to match the size of casing used; and the mouths 28, 40 may be made to accept guides to receive smaller sizes of casing.
A drive mechanism 110 as shown in Figs. 6 to 9 is housed largely within the lower part of a mast 112 of a casing stabbing tool and comprises a lower pulley housing 114 which is bolted to the flanged base of the mast 112 and houses a forward lead sheave 116 and coaxial aft lead sheave 118.
Located at the bottom of the mast 112 and mounted on the housing 114 is a pneumatic cylinder 120 in which is received for reciprocation a piston (not shown) and piston rod 122 which can be moved upwardly by compressed air admitted through line 124 and downwardly by compressed air admitted through line 126.
On the upper end of the cylinder 120 is mounted an upper pulley housing 128. which includes two upright channel-section members 130 between the upper ends of which is mounted an offset fixed sheave 132. Opposed guide rails 134 are mounted between the lower portions of the members 130 and receive the respective ends of spindles 138, 140 carried in a travelling pulley block 142 and solid with respective upper and lower travelling sheaves 144,146 each fitted with a retainer 148.
A forward wire cable 150 extends from an anchorage point 152 on the cylinder 120, round the lower travelling sheave 146 down to the forward lead sheave 116and outthrough an aperture in the housing 114 to the casing spider (not shown).
An aft wire cable 154 extends downwardly from an anchorage point 156 at the top of the upper housing 130 around the upper travelling sheave 144, upwardly and around the fixed sheave 132, down to the aft lead sheave 118 and out through an aperture in the rear of the housing 114 to an anchorage point (not shown) on the rig.
When compressed air is admitted to the cylinder 120 through the line 124 the piston rod 122 is extended upwardly carrying with it the travelling block 142. The forward cable 150 is pulled in by an amount equivalent to twice the length of the stroke, thus pulling the whole mast 112 forward. This forward movement is permitted by the simultaneous paying out of an equivalent length of the cable 154 by virtue of the upward movement of the travelling sheave 144. As both the cables 150 and 154 remain under tension the bottom of the mast 112 is located in the desired position between the forward and aft anchorage points and restrained from swinging about.

Claims

1. A casing stabbing tool (10, 60) for facilitating screwing onto the upper threaded end (54) of the uppermost downhole joint (30) of a casing string the lowerthreaded end (52) of a next joint (50) to be added to the string, the tool (10, 60) comprising an upstanding frame (12, 64) having mounted thereon lower clamping means (14, 16) for rigidly clamping the tool to the downhole joint (30), upper clamping means (18, 62) for engaging said next joint (50) adjacent the lower end (52) thereof and further engaging means (20) for engaging the next joint (50) at a higher point along the length thereof, characterised in that the upper clamping means (62) are arranged to permit only relative rotational movement of said next joint (50), and in that the tool (60) additionally comprises actuating means (68) for moving said upper clamping means (62) by regulation of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure, whereby said next joint (50) may be partly or completely supported during stabbing and make-up without lateral movement.

2. A tool as claimed in claim 1, in which the upper-clamping means (62) comprise a number of opposed pairs of circumferentially arranged resilient idler rolls (80) having a surface with a high coefficient of friction.

3. A tool as claimed in claim 1 or 2, in which the further engaging means (20) are arranged to engage the upper end of the next joint (50) at a position remote from the upper engaging means (18) and to ensure alignment ofthe upper joint (50) while permitting relative axial and rotational movement thereof.

4. A tool as claimed in any preceding claim and incorporating a drive mechanism (110) for positioning a structure (112) at a desired position between first and second points, the mechanism (110) comprising a pulley housing (114) having first and second lead sheaves (116,118) and a fixed sheave (132) mounted thereon, situated between said lead sheaves and fixed sheaves a travelling block (142) having first and second sheaves (144, 146) and being arranged for reciprocal movement relatively to the housing (114), drive means (120, 122) for imparting said movement to the travelling block (142), a first line (150) having one end secured to said housing (114) and running overthe first sheave (141) on the travelling block (142) and the first lead sheave (116) to an anchorage at or beyond said first point, and a second line (154) secured to said housing (114) and running round the second travelling sheave (144) and the fixed turning sheave (132) and over said second lead sheave (118) to an anchorage at or beyond said second point, the arrangement being such that operation of the drive means(120, 122) to move the travelling block (142) away from said lead sheaves (116, 118) and towards the fixed block (132) effectively shortens said first line (150) and lengthens the second line (154) by an equal amount to move the structure (112) towards said first point, and reverse operation of the drive means (120, 122) moves the structure (112) in a corresponding manner towards the second point, the tension in both lines (150, 154) thus being always maintained to prevent displacement of the structure (112) in either direction from said desired position.

5. Atool as claimed in claim 4, in which the drive means comprises a pneumatically or hydraulically operated cylinder (120) and piston (122).

6. A tool as claimed in claim 4 or 5, in which the housing is constituted by a first housing (114) extending from one end of the drive means (120) in which the lead sheaves (116,118) are mounted and a second housing (128) extending from the opposite end of the drive means (120) in which the fixed sheave (132) is mounted.

7. A tool as claimed in claim 6, in which the travelling block (142) is mounted for reciprocation along a path (134) extending within the second housing (128).