EP0104725B1 - Formation d'unités d'âme de câble - Google Patents

Formation d'unités d'âme de câble Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0104725B1
EP0104725B1 EP19830304422 EP83304422A EP0104725B1 EP 0104725 B1 EP0104725 B1 EP 0104725B1 EP 19830304422 EP19830304422 EP 19830304422 EP 83304422 A EP83304422 A EP 83304422A EP 0104725 B1 EP0104725 B1 EP 0104725B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
twisting
station
wires
disposed
wire
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19830304422
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0104725A3 (en
EP0104725A2 (fr
Inventor
John Nicholas Garner
Jean March Roberge
Oleq Axiuk
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nortel Networks Ltd
Original Assignee
Northern Telecom Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Northern Telecom Ltd filed Critical Northern Telecom Ltd
Publication of EP0104725A2 publication Critical patent/EP0104725A2/fr
Publication of EP0104725A3 publication Critical patent/EP0104725A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0104725B1 publication Critical patent/EP0104725B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/02—Stranding-up
    • H01B13/0235—Stranding-up by a twisting device situated between a pay-off device and a take-up device

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the forming of cable core units.
  • the stranding of wires together to form a wire unit offers physical and electrical advantages when the wires are individually insulated conductors as used in communications or other electrical systems.
  • the stranding of pairs or units of wires as used in telephone systems improves electrical characteristics such as reducing cross-talk.
  • a twisting means at the downstream end of the tubular member twists the member by rotating the downstream end of the member for a predetermined number of revolutions, first in one direction and then the other, to torsionally twist the member in reversing manner.
  • a twist is imposed upon each wire by the twisting means and this twist causes the wires to strand together along their lengths as the wires emerge from the twisting means.
  • apparatus for stranding wires comprises at least two tubes each defining a passage for wire, the tubes being rotatably flexible about a common axis to torsionally twist the tubes together around the axis to enable each of the wires to be given a twist by the twisting means while the tubes prevent the wires from twisting together.
  • the tubes are prevented from moving towards or away from each other during the twisting operation and a resilient means is used at one end of the tubes to place the tubes continuously in tension and to allow for end movement of the tubes as the tubes change in effective length during each twisting and untwisting operation.
  • the wires strand together to form a wire unit immediately they pass downstream from the twisting means.
  • the present invention provides apparatus for forming a cable core unit from a plurality of wire units each of at least two stranded together wires, the apparatus comprising:-
  • the guide means is of the construction described in our patent application Serial No. EP-A-0 103 964.
  • a guide means comprises at least two tubes which define a passage for the wires for each wire unit. Lateral vibration of the tubes during twisting is minimal so as not to be a factor in determining the closeness together of the guide means in apparatus according to the present invention. Twisting means is necessarily of larger dimensions in a lateral direction to the feedpaths than the guide means.
  • twisting means in the different twisting stations results in a need for less width across the apparatus than if the twisting means were all located at one station. Also, in grouping the twisting means in this way, it simplifies the driving of all the twisting means at each station by common driving means and this is an important consideration. In a practical construction, it is shown that where a cable core unit is to be made having twenty-five wire units each of a stranded pair of wires, then if three twisting stations are employed, spaced downstream of the feedpaths one after another, then the twisting means may be placed at each of these stations to provide an overall width across the apparatus, i.e. transversely to the feedpaths, of around 0.5 metres (20 inches).
  • the preferred construction has frames for holding the twisting means in position and the wire guide means extend to the twisting means along paths which are disposed around a common axis of the apparatus. Some of the guide means and thus the twisting means are disposed outwardly of the common axis from others. In a preferred arrangement, the outwardly disposed twisting means are located around one pitch circle and inwardly disposed twisting means are disposed around another pitch circle or pitch circles.
  • the apparatus shown in the drawings is _an apparatus for the manufacture of a cable core unit from twenty-five wire units, i.e. stranded pairs of insulated electrical conductors (referred to as "wires" in this specification).
  • the core unit may be intended to form a complete cable core, or the core may be made from a plurality of such units.
  • the apparatus comprises a plurality of wire guide means for each wire pair.
  • each guide means 10 has a longitudinal axis which extends in the wire pass direction, i.e. from the left to the right in Figure 1.
  • the twenty-five guide means 10 are disposed in substantially parallel relationship and also extend parallel to a common axis 12 of the apparatus.
  • all the guide means are disposed around the common axis 12 and are located upon three pitch circles centered upon the axis 12.
  • the guide means 10 are represented, for simplicity, as circles.
  • Three inwardly disposed guide means 10 are equally spaced around an inner pitch circle 14, nine guide means 10 are equally spaced around intermediate pitch circle 16 and the remaining thirteen guide means are equally spaced around an outer pitch circle 18.
  • each guide means is in the form of two guide tubes 20 extending one alongside the other, from a tube support plate 22 at their upstream ends to a twisting station at their downstream ends.
  • Each tube is individually rotatably mounted about its own axis by its upstream end within the plate 20, which is, in turn, spring urged upon parallel guides 24 towards a fixed frame member 26.
  • the tubes are rotatably flexible for the purpose of withstanding the rotational forces involved when downstream ends of the tubes are rotated relative to upstream ends and each at its twisting station, around another longitudinal axis located substantially symmetrically between the tubes. This rotation is alternately in one direction and then in the other from an equilibrium position in which the tubes are untwisted and lie parallel as shown in Figure 1.
  • the tubes are formed from a material which provides for this rotational flexibility and may be made, for instance, from stainless steel or from an acetal homopolymer, e.g. as sold under the Trademark "DELRIN".
  • each guide means and its method of mounting to the frame member 26 are described in our patent application Serial No. EP-A-0 103 964.
  • a direction changing means is provided for each twisting means (to be described) as shown by Figure 1.
  • This changing means 28 comprises a magnetic switch means which is triggered by an interrupter arm as described in our patent application Serial No. EP-A-0 103 962.
  • each changing means 28 is located a short distance from its associated plate support 22.
  • All of the guide means 10 have twisting means disposed in one of the three twisting stations. It is convenient for design considerations particularly, that all the guide means disposed on a particular pitch circle 14, 16 or 18 terminate in twisting means disposed at one only of the stations 30, 32 and 34. In this particular apparatus, the three guide means 10 on the pitch circle 14 terminate at a twisting means 36 disposed at twisting station 30. Also, the guide means 10 disposed upon pitch circles 16 and 18, respectively, terminate at twisting means 38 and 40 at the twisting stations 32 and 34.
  • each frame means comprises two frames which are spaced apart along the common axis 12 and each twisting means is carried by both of the frames at its respective twisting station. While Figure 1 shows only certain of the guide means and twisting means of the apparatus, the illustrations in Figures 2 to 5 clearly show the positions of all of the twisting means and guide means of the apparatus.
  • the tubes of the guide means on the inner pitch circle 14 extend for approximately 19.5 metres (65 feet) from their tube support plate 22 to the twisting station 30. This distance may of course be greater or smaller, dependent upon design requirements.
  • the other twisting stations 32 and 34 are disposed slightly downstream along the axis 12 from station 30.
  • Each twisting means 36, 38 and 40 comprises a cylinder 42 formed with two holes (not shown) within which the downstream ends of its two tubes 20 are secured.
  • Two annular electric clutches 44 and 46 have their driven sides secured to the cylinder 42 for driving it alternately in opposite directions. All clutches 44 and 46 are radially aligned into two groups within the frames 48, 50 and 52 at the stations 30, 32 and 34.
  • the clutches in each group are driven by a common drive belt 54 or 56 and the drive belts at each twisting station are driven continuously, each in one direction around pulley wheels 58 and 60 secured to drive shafts 62 (which are in line in Figure 1).
  • the drive shafts are driven by a single electric motor 64 ( Figures 1 and 3).
  • Each twisting means therefore, comprises a twisting assembly of the two clutches and the associated cylinder 42.
  • This assembly is rotatable within two annular plates 65 which are held to the two frames 48, 50 or 52 by bolts as indicated by positions 70 in Figure 6.
  • the cylinder 42 of each assembly lies within aligned apertures 66 of its two frames (see Figure 6), each of the apertures opening into a central hole 68 formed in the frames, whereby the assembly is removable in its assembled state by moving it radially from its apertures 66, into the central hole and then axially away from the frames.
  • Figures 3, 4 and 5 show clearly the relative sizes of the central apertures 68 and of the positions of the twisting means around the apertures in each case.
  • a separation tube means Downstream of each twisting means 36, 38, a separation tube means extends, said means being to prevent the wires of each wire unit from stranding together until they reach a stranding station (to be described).
  • this separation tube means comprises a single tube 72 which is secured at its upstream end to its cylinder 42 and at its downstream end is rotatably held by a bearing 74, in a frame 76, lying immediately downstream from the twisting station 34.
  • These tubes 72 are torsionally rigid, i.e. as they rotate with their twisting means, they do not torsionally twist as does each guide means.
  • Each tube 72 is formed from metal or rigid plastic.
  • each guide means 10 terminating at twisting stations 32 and 34 passes through either a clearance hole in each upstream frame 48 or 50 or alternatively, the guide means passes through a bearing 78 in each frame as shown by these figures.
  • Each of the guide means and tubes 72 leading to the frame 76, or in the case of the guide means terminating in the twisting means 40, is to be used to enable each of its wires 80 to be given a degree of twist by the twisting means while the tubes prevent the wires from twisting together.
  • the pitch circle for the twisting means 40 is at a diameter only sufficient to allow all guide means and twisting means to be passed between and held by the various frames while being suitably drivably connected to the motor 64 without any interference between one twisting means and its guide means and another. Nevertheless, for stranding together twenty-five pairs of wires, the diameter of the outermost pitch circle is approximately 0.5 metres (20 inches). However, it is required that the apparatus should provide a cable core unit 82 from these wires.
  • a stranding station 84 is immediately at a position upstream of a core unit forming station 86. Hence, some means is required to more closely group the unstranded wires together at the stranding station where stranding into the wire units is then accomplished.
  • separation tube means extend downstream beyond frame 52 and 76 and have the properties which will now be discussed to enable them to follow and maintain converging curved paths although they are caused to rotate in alternating directions together with the twisting means.
  • These curved paths direct the twenty-five parallel paths for the wires of the pairs into a single path which is coincident with the axis 12 at the station 86.
  • each separation tube means comprises a wire separation tube 88.
  • each tube 72 terminating at the frame 76, the paths for the wires of each pair to be stranded are continued by a separation tube 88 which passes through bearings 90 in a support frame 92 and terminates at a support frame 94 which is disposed immediately upstream of the stranding station 84.
  • These tubes 88 are secured to the tubes 72 so as to rotate with them.
  • Wire separation tubes 88 also are secured to and extend from the cylinders 42 of twisting means 40, and these tubes 88 pass through clearance holes (not shown) in the frame 76, which lies close to the cylinders 42, and then proceed through bearings 90 to terminate at frame 94.
  • the tubes converge as they pass through frame 92 to frame 94 and each tube is held upon its curved path by the frames.
  • each tube is required to rotate around its axis which coincides with the fixed curved feedpath section for the wires to be fed through it.
  • Each tube must have sufficient flexibility to be maintained in this curved configuration while enduring alternating compressive and tensile stresses to give a satisfactorily long working life.
  • Each tube 88 also has torsional rigidity to prevent it from twisting thereby avoiding build-up and retention of twist.
  • the tubes 88 of this embodiment are formed from an acetal homopolymer as sold under the trademark "DELRIN” and have an outside diameter of 5.6 millimeters (0.22”) and an inside diameter of 1.9 millimetres (0.075").
  • each of the twisting means is rotated continuously in alternating directions for a preset number of revolutions (e.g. 35 revolutions to each side of an untwisted position of the guide tubes as shown in Figure 1).
  • the downstream end of the associated guide tubes 20 rotate with the twisting means to place torsional twist on the tubes first in one direction and then the other about a longitudinal axis.
  • the alternate rotation of the twisting means is effected by the direction changing means 28 which alternately operates the clutches 44 and 46.
  • the wires 80 are passed through the tubes 20 which prevent the wires from twisting together as the wires move towards the twisting means.
  • the wires pass through the twisting means 36, 38 or 40.
  • each tube 88 the two wires 80 for each pair are fed one on either side of each of two pins in the manner described in our application Serial No. EP-A-0 103 963. These pins prevent the wires from stranding together under the action of the twisting means while in the tubes 88. The pins also prevent the wires from stranding together during their movement along the tubes 72 and before reaching the tubes 88. The pins in tubes 88 leading from the twisting means 40 also prevent stranding of the wires in these tubes.
  • the alternately rotating tubes 88 maintain the converging curved paths of their axes to cause the unstranded wires to issue from the tubes at stranding station 84 and in closely adjacent positions. Pairs of wires then strand together from the action of the twisting means. The stranded wire units then move into a conventional binding head 96 at station 86 to bring them together as core unit 82. Because of the closeness of the stations 84 and 86, there is negligible untwisting of wires of the wire units before the wire units come together in the station 86. Frictional contact between the pairs and the use of a binding tape, resists any unwinding tendency. For this purpose, a conventional spool 98 of tape is provided which wraps tape 100 around the core unit 82 as it emerges from the head.
  • the above apparatus shows that twenty-five pairs of stranded wires (or wire units) may be formed into a cable core unit after having twist imposed in the wires by the use of alternately rotating twisting means.
  • the particular size of apparatus constructed according to the basic concept described in the embodiment depends upon the numbers of pairs of wires required in the final cable core unit.
  • the apparatus is compact transversely of the feedpath for the wires, i.e. transversely to the axis 12.
  • the diameter of the outermost pitch circle is approximately 0.5 metres (20"). This renders the apparatus attractive for commercial application.
  • each guide means in the form of two tubes 10 is replaced by a guide means comprising a single tube defining a single axial passage which provides at least two side-by-side feedpaths for wire.
  • the passage is shaped to prevent wires from moving across the passage to interchange positions by having a narrow passage region in between wider regions which provide the feed paths.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Wire Processing (AREA)
  • Processes Specially Adapted For Manufacturing Cables (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Dispositif pour former une unité d'âme de câble à partir d'une multitude d'unités de fils, chacun d'au moins deux fils torsadés ensemble, lé dispositif comprenant:
- une multitude de moyens de guide de fil (10), chacun pour les fils de l'une des unités, chaque moyen de guide ayant un axe longitudinal s'étendant dans une direction de passage de fil, étant flexible en rotation, et définissant des trajets individuels d'introduction pour les deux fils de son unité afin de maintenir les fils séparés alors qu'ils s'acheminent jusqu'à un poste de retordage (30, 32, 34) disposé en aval du moyen de guide;
- chaque moyen de guide se terminant à son poste de retordage dans un moyen de retordage (36, 38, 40) qui peut tourner à son poste autour des trajets d'introduction du moyen de guide afin d'effectuer un retordage rotatif du moyen de guide et donc des trajets d'introduction autour de l'axe;
- un moyen tournant (44, 46, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64) pour animer chaque moyen de retordage d'un mouvement de rotation et effectuer un retordage en rotation du moyen de guide associé et de ses trajets d'introduction pendant une pluralité de tours autour de son axe, alternativement dans une direction puis dans l'autre pour introduire et imposer un retordage alternant aux fils et maintenir les fils séparés pendant qu'ils se déplacent vers le moyen de retordage;
- un poste de torsadage (84) en aval du poste de retordage afin de combiner ensemble les unités de fils pour former l'unité d'âme de câble;

caractérisé en ce que le dispositif comprend en outre
- au moins un premier et un second poste de retordage avec le second poste de retordage en aval du premier poste, et le moyen de retordage pour chaque moyen de guide est disposé dans l'un des postes de retordage avec au moins un moyen de retordage dans chaque poste de retordage;
- au moins une section des trajets d'introduction pour des fils de certaines unités de fils étant incurvée et présentant une orientation fixe entre chaque poste de retordage et le poste de torsadage afin de provoquer la convergence des trajets d'introduction des fils pour chaque unité de fils avec les fils pour les autres unités de fils alors qu'ils se rapprochent du poste de torsadage et pour permettre aux unités de fils de se combiner ensemble afin de former l'unité d'âme de câble; et
- un moyen de tube de séparation (72,88) pour éviter que les fils pour chaque unité de fils ne soient torsadés ensemble avant qu'ils atteignent le poste de torsadage, le moyen de tube de séparation pouvant tourner avec le moyen de retordage et s'étendant dans une configuration incurvée le long des sections de trajet d'introduction incurvées, avec une souplesse permettant au moyen de tube d'être maintenu dans sa configuration incurvée le long de la section de trajet fixe pendant la rotation du moyen de tube dans les directions alternantes et avec une rigidité en torsion pour éviter l'établissement et la rétention du retordage.
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de guide de fil sont disposés autour d'un axe commun et les moyens de retordage à un poste de retordage sont situés à l'extérieur de l'axe commun par rapport au moyen de retordage à l'autre poste.
3. Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de retordage disposés extérieurement sont situés autour d'un cercle primitif (18) et les moyens de retordage disposés intérieurement sont disposés autour d'un autre cercle primitif (16, 14) et les moyens de guide de fil se trouvent avec leurs axes longitudinaux sensiblement parallèles à l'axe commun alors qu'ils s'étendent vers leur moyen de retordage respectif.
4. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de retordage disposés extérieurement sont situés au second poste et les moyens de retordage disposés intérieurement sont placés au premier-poste.
5. Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que dans chacun des premier et second postes est disposé un moyen de châssis (48, 50, 52), le moyen de guide de fils se terminant au moyen de retordage au second poste en passant par des trous ménagés dans le moyen de châssis au premier poste, et chaque moyen de tube de séparation s'étend à partir de chaque moyen de retordage au premier poste et passe par un trou avec jeu formé dans le moyen de châssis au second poste.
6. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que chaque moyen de châssis comporte deux châssis espacés suivant l'axe commun et chaque moyen de retordage est supporté par les deux châssis à son poste respectif de retordage.
7. Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que chaque moyen de retordage comprend deux embrayages alignés axialement (44, 46) connectés de manière à pouvoir être entraînés de façon alternative au moyen respectif de guide de fil pour faire tourner le moyen de guide dans des directions opposées, chaque embrayage de chaque moyen de retordage étant aligné radialement avec un embrayage de chacun des autres moyens de retordage disposés au même poste pour former un jeu d'embrayages alignés, et deux moyens d'entraînement sans fin pouvant être commandés en continu dans des directions opposées sont connectés de manière motrice l'un à chaque jeu d'embrayages alignés radialement.
8. Dispositif selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que deux courroies (54, 56), une courroie à chaque poste, sont connectées de manière motrice à un arbre d'entraînement commun (62) s'étendant entre les châssis aux deux postes.
9. Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que chaque moyen de retordage à chaque poste comprend un cylindre (42) entourant les trajets d'introduction pour deux fils pour une unité de fils et deux embrayages connectés de façon motrice et opposée au cylindre afin de former un ensemble de retordage, chaque ensemble de retordage s'étendant à travers deux ouvertures alignées (66) dans ses châssis de support, les ouvertures débouchant dans un trou central (68) ménagé dans les châssis, d'où il résulte que l'ensemble est mobile dans son état assemblé en le déplaçant radialement entre son ouverture et le trou central, puis axialement pour l'éloigner des châssis.
10. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il y a un premier, un second et un troisième poste de retordage (30, 32, 34) avec le troisième poste (34) disposé en aval du second poste (32), les moyens de guide de fil sont disposés autour d'un axee commun avec leurs axes longitudinaux sensiblement parallèles à l'axe commun, les moyens de retordage situées à chaque poste sont disposés autour d'un cercle primitif (14, 16, 18) avec le diamètre du cercle primitif du moyen de retordage au second poste (32) supérieur à celui au premier poste (30) et inférieur à celui au troisième poste (34), un moyen de châssis (48, 52, 54) à chacun des premier, second et troisième postes pour supporter le moyen respectif de retordage, le moyen de guide de fil qui se termine aux second et troisième postes, passant par des trous ménagés dans le moyen de châssis précédent, et chaque moyen de tube de séparation s'étendant entre chaque moyen de retordage aux premier et second postes, en passant par un trou avec jeu (68) formé dans te moyen de châssis suivant.
EP19830304422 1982-08-24 1983-08-01 Formation d'unités d'âme de câble Expired EP0104725B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA000409963A CA1174911A (fr) 1982-08-24 1982-08-24 Toronneuse
CA409963 1982-08-24

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0104725A2 EP0104725A2 (fr) 1984-04-04
EP0104725A3 EP0104725A3 (en) 1984-08-08
EP0104725B1 true EP0104725B1 (fr) 1987-11-04

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19830304422 Expired EP0104725B1 (fr) 1982-08-24 1983-08-01 Formation d'unités d'âme de câble

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0104725B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5954116A (fr)
CA (1) CA1174911A (fr)
DE (1) DE3374363D1 (fr)
FI (1) FI73335C (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101359524B (zh) * 2008-09-12 2011-11-30 玉溪玉杯金属制品有限公司 金属绞线的生产方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI78576C (fi) * 1986-04-01 1989-08-10 Nokia Oy Ab Foerfarande och anordning foer vaexelriktningstvinning.
US6872303B2 (en) * 2003-08-12 2005-03-29 Ian M. Knapp Water treatment cartridge

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3732682A (en) * 1971-06-29 1973-05-15 Western Electric Co Methods of and apparatus for twisting and stranding cable pairs in a tandem operation
GB1424662A (en) * 1971-12-21 1976-02-11 Phillips Cables Ltd Cable twisting device
US3910022A (en) * 1974-07-18 1975-10-07 Northern Electric Co Apparatus for stranding wires
DE2558095A1 (de) * 1975-12-19 1977-06-23 Siemens Ag Vorrichtung zur verminderung der elektrischen kopplungen in nachrichtenkabeln bei deren verseilung
US4096006A (en) * 1976-09-22 1978-06-20 Spectra-Strip Corporation Method and apparatus for making twisted pair multi-conductor ribbon cable with intermittent straight sections

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101359524B (zh) * 2008-09-12 2011-11-30 玉溪玉杯金属制品有限公司 金属绞线的生产方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI833011A (fi) 1984-02-25
EP0104725A3 (en) 1984-08-08
CA1174911A (fr) 1984-09-25
JPS5954116A (ja) 1984-03-28
FI73335B (fi) 1987-05-29
EP0104725A2 (fr) 1984-04-04
DE3374363D1 (en) 1987-12-10
FI73335C (fi) 1987-09-10
FI833011A0 (fi) 1983-08-23

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