EP0102562B1 - Storage container for solutions of fission products - Google Patents

Storage container for solutions of fission products Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0102562B1
EP0102562B1 EP83107999A EP83107999A EP0102562B1 EP 0102562 B1 EP0102562 B1 EP 0102562B1 EP 83107999 A EP83107999 A EP 83107999A EP 83107999 A EP83107999 A EP 83107999A EP 0102562 B1 EP0102562 B1 EP 0102562B1
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Prior art keywords
container
partition walls
solutions
walls
individual containers
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Expired
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EP83107999A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0102562A1 (en
Inventor
Hans Dipl.-Ing. Pirk
Jürgen Dr. Dipl.-Chem. Hofmann
Werner Dr. Dipl.-Phys. Bäuerle
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Nukem GmbH
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Nukem GmbH
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Publication of EP0102562A1 publication Critical patent/EP0102562A1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/04—Treating liquids
    • G21F9/20—Disposal of liquid waste
    • G21F9/22—Disposal of liquid waste by storage in a tank or other container

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to containers for the critical storage of fissile solutions, in particular plutonium solutions, consisting of several individual containers, between which there are neutron poisons, the individual containers being connected to one another.
  • fissile solutions In order to be able to handle and store fissile solutions in a critical manner, they have to be handled or stored either only in subcritical quantities or in a safe geometry. Storage of fissile solutions in a safe, subcritical amount is extremely inefficient and uneconomical with the previously known storage containers, since the critical amount e.g. of plutonium nitrate solution with a concentration of 200 g Pu / I, which is common in reprocessing, with 2 kg, corresponding to 101 solution, is only very low. A large number of small individual containers must be used to store these solutions, and all of them must also be set up at safe distances from one another. The handling and operation of such a container store is very complex and cumbersome. In addition, the large number of individual containers takes up a relatively large footprint or footprint.
  • Either flat tanks with a safe layer thickness, tubular cylindrical containers with a safe diameter or annular gap containers can be used for the storage of fissile solutions in a safe geometry. If you want to store several cubic meters of such fissile solutions in geometrically safe containers, this results in unacceptable large heights and lengths, and thus also building sizes, or you have to store the fissile solutions in several geometrically safe containers next to each other at safe distances.
  • a storage container for fuel solutions which consists of several concentrically arranged individual annular containers, between which there are annular insulating walls made of neutron poison, and which are connected to one another via lines. Due to the relatively thick insulating walls, these storage containers are also quite space-consuming. In addition, the connecting lines between the individual tanks may represent supercritical arrangements, since their length is more than twice the annular gap diameter.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention in that the division of the container into individual containers is carried out by means of partitions which are spaced at a fixed distance by spacers and which do not extend to the container bottom or container lid, and that plates containing neutron poisons which are arranged offset to the partition walls are attached to the container bottom and container lid are, the partitions and the sheets overlap at their ends in the vertical direction.
  • the chambers are so arranged that when the container is filled, the fuel solution can run from one individual container to the next without a supercritical arrangement being able to form. In this way, the storage container can be completely and safely filled with the fuel solution in a simple manner.
  • the partitions between the chamber-like individual containers consist, for example, of stainless steel sheets, which contain neutron poisons homogeneously alloyed, or preferably of two stainless steel sheets, between which the neutron poison is embedded.
  • the neutron poison can also be plated onto the partition walls. The distance between the partitions is selected and is secured by installing spacers so that the overall system, provided with a safety factor, remains subcritical.
  • this is, for example, with a support jacket, e.g. made of concrete.
  • the container is cylindrical and the partition walls are arranged in a ring and concentrically in the container.
  • the safe layer thickness is only 5 cm, but these so-called ringslabs can be arranged infinitely one inside the other to form a single container, which is the case with non-poisoned ones Ringslabs is completely excluded.
  • the multi-ring gap container equipped with 2 mm hafnium sheet as poisoning material which should hold 5 m 3 of plutonium nitrate solution and whose outside diameter should be 1.5 m, only a construction height of 2.9 m is required, while for a non-poisoned ring gap container with 1, 5 m outside diameter is still over 30 m.
  • rectangular and square containers with rectangular and square individual containers can of course also be used.
  • Figures to 111 schematically show a storage container according to the invention in an exemplary embodiment.
  • the illustration shows a cylindrical storage container in longitudinal section.
  • the container 1 is divided into several individual containers in the form of annular gaps by annular partition walls 2 which are concentrically spaced apart from one another. At its highest point, the container 1 has a filling opening 8 and a vent 9.
  • the container 1 is an outer support jacket 4, for example made of concrete.
  • the partitions 2 are not pulled to the bottom of the container 1, so that openings 10 remain which allow the container to be filled evenly. However, this area is also kept safe from criticality by plates 11 with neutron poisons which are offset on the container bottom.
  • Spacers 5 only partially indicated in the figure - keep the partitions 2 at a distance and ensure a safe layer thickness of the annular-gap-shaped individual containers 3.
  • the container 1 is emptied via an emptying valve 6.
  • the container is provided with a removable cover 7 in order to be able to monitor the interior of the container and the partitions 2.
  • the integrity of the partition walls 2 can also be monitored from the outside, for example by neutron flux measurements.
  • moisture detectors are preferably used, which can be installed particularly easily in the partition walls 2 if they consist of two layers, between which the neutron poison is located.
  • Figure 11 shows a cross section through a multiple ring gap container and Figure 111 shows a partition in a preferred embodiment, the neutron poison, for example in the form of a sheet 12, being attached between the two part walls 13, 14 of the partition.
  • the neutron poison for example in the form of a sheet 12
  • the partition walls 2 can consist, for example, of stainless steel sheets, to which the neutron poisons boron, cadmium, hafnium and / or gadolinium are homogeneously alloyed.
  • the neutron poisons can also be plated on the partition walls 2 in the form of sheets or advantageously be in the form of powder or sheets between the two partial walls 13, 14.
  • the distance between the partitions 2, secured by the spacers 5, depends on the type and ion concentration of the fissile solution and also on the type and amount of fissile used. But it is generally between 3 and 7 cm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft Behälter zum kritikalitätssicheren Lagern von Spaltstofflösungen, insbesondere Plutoniumlösungen, bestehend aus mehreren Einzelbehältern, zwischen denen sich Neutronengifte befinden, wobei die Einzelbehälter miteinander verbunden sind.The present invention relates to containers for the critical storage of fissile solutions, in particular plutonium solutions, consisting of several individual containers, between which there are neutron poisons, the individual containers being connected to one another.

Um Spaltstofflösungen kritikalitätssicher handhaben bzw. aufbewahren zu können, müssen diese entweder in nur unterkritischer Menge oder aber in sicherer Geometrie gehandhabt bzw. gelagert werden. Eine Lagerung von Spaltstofflösungen in sicherer, unterkritischer Menge ist mit den bisher bekannten Lagerbehältern ausserordentlich unrationell und unwirtschaftlich, da die kritische Menge z.B. von Plutoniumnitratlösung mit einer Konzentration von 200 g Pu/I, die bei der Wiederaufarbeitung üblich ist, mit 2 kg, entsprechend 101 Lösung, nur sehr gering ist. Man muss zur Lagerung dieser Lösungen eine Vielzahl von kleinen Einzelbehältern verwenden, die ausserdem alle in sicheren Abständen voneinander aufgestellt werden müssen. Die Handhabung und Bedienung eines solchen Behälterlagers ist sehr aufwendig und umständlich. Ausserdem beansprucht die Vielzahl der Einzelbehälter eine relativ grosse Stellfläche bzw. Stellvolumen.In order to be able to handle and store fissile solutions in a critical manner, they have to be handled or stored either only in subcritical quantities or in a safe geometry. Storage of fissile solutions in a safe, subcritical amount is extremely inefficient and uneconomical with the previously known storage containers, since the critical amount e.g. of plutonium nitrate solution with a concentration of 200 g Pu / I, which is common in reprocessing, with 2 kg, corresponding to 101 solution, is only very low. A large number of small individual containers must be used to store these solutions, and all of them must also be set up at safe distances from one another. The handling and operation of such a container store is very complex and cumbersome. In addition, the large number of individual containers takes up a relatively large footprint or footprint.

Für die Lagerung von Spaltstofflösungen in sicherer Geometrie können entweder Flachtanks mit sicherer Schichtdicke, rohrförmige zylindrische Behältnisse mit sicherem Durchmesser oder aber Ringspaltbehälter zum Einsatz kommen. Will man mehrere Kubikmeter derartiger Spaltstofflösungen in geometrisch sicheren Behältern lagern, so ergeben sich unvertretbare grosse Bauhöhen und -längen und damit auch Gebäudegrössen, oder aber muss man die Spaltstofflösungen wiederum in mehreren geometrisch sicheren Behältnissen in sicheren Abständen nebeneinander lagern.Either flat tanks with a safe layer thickness, tubular cylindrical containers with a safe diameter or annular gap containers can be used for the storage of fissile solutions in a safe geometry. If you want to store several cubic meters of such fissile solutions in geometrically safe containers, this results in unacceptable large heights and lengths, and thus also building sizes, or you have to store the fissile solutions in several geometrically safe containers next to each other at safe distances.

Die Handhabung bzw. Lagerung der Spaltstofflösungen in Einzelbehältern in sicherer Menge ist wegen der Vielzahl der zu verwendenden Einzelbehälter nicht wirtschaftlich.The handling or storage of the fissile material solutions in individual containers in a safe quantity is not economical because of the large number of individual containers to be used.

Aus der FR-A-2 212 820 ist ein Lagerbehälter für Spaltstofflösungen bekannt, der aus mehreren, konzentrisch angeordneten ringförmigen Einzelbehältern besteht, zwischen denen sich ringförmige Isolierwände aus Neutronengift befinden, und die über Leitungen miteinander verbunden sind. Durch die relativ dicken Isolierwände sind diese Lagerbehälter ebenfalls recht platzaufwendig. Ausserdem stellen die Verbindungsleitungen zwischen den Einzeltanks gegebenenfalls überkritische Anordnungen dar, da ihre Länge mehr als der doppelte Ringspaltdurchmesser beträgt.From FR-A-2 212 820 a storage container for fuel solutions is known, which consists of several concentrically arranged individual annular containers, between which there are annular insulating walls made of neutron poison, and which are connected to one another via lines. Due to the relatively thick insulating walls, these storage containers are also quite space-consuming. In addition, the connecting lines between the individual tanks may represent supercritical arrangements, since their length is more than twice the annular gap diameter.

Es war daher Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, Behälter zum kritikalitätssicheren Lagern von Spaltstofflösungen zu schaffen, insbesondere von Plutoniumlösungen, der mittels Neutronengifte enthaltende Trennwände in mehrere Einzelbehälter aufgeteilt ist, wobei die Einzelbehälter miteinander verbunden sind, die eine handhabbare Grösse besitzen, ohne durch entsprechenden Raumbedarf unwirtschaftlich zu sein.It was therefore an object of the present invention to provide containers for the critical storage of fissile solutions, in particular plutonium solutions, which are divided into several individual containers by means of partition walls containing neutron poisons, the individual containers being connected to one another and having a manageable size without being economically unprofitable to be.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass die Aufteilung des Behälters in Einzelbehälter mittels durch Abstandshalter auf feste Distanz gebrachte Trennwände erfolgt, die sich nicht bis zum Behälterboden bzw. Behälterdeckel erstrecken und dass am Behälterboden und Behälterdeckel zu den Trennwänden versetzt angeordnete, Neutronengifte enthaltende Bleche angebracht sind, wobei sich die Trennwände und die Bleche an ihren Enden in vertikaler Richtung überlappen.The object is achieved according to the invention in that the division of the container into individual containers is carried out by means of partitions which are spaced at a fixed distance by spacers and which do not extend to the container bottom or container lid, and that plates containing neutron poisons which are arranged offset to the partition walls are attached to the container bottom and container lid are, the partitions and the sheets overlap at their ends in the vertical direction.

Die Kammern sind dadurch so angeordnet, dass beim Befüllen des Behälters die Spaltstofflösung von einem Einzelbehälter in die nächste laufen kann, ohne dass sich eine überkritische Anordnung ausbilden kann. Auf diese Weise kann der Lagerbehälter auf einfache Weise und gefahrlos vollständig mit der Spaltstofflösung befüllt werden.The chambers are so arranged that when the container is filled, the fuel solution can run from one individual container to the next without a supercritical arrangement being able to form. In this way, the storage container can be completely and safely filled with the fuel solution in a simple manner.

Um eine kritikalitätsichere Anordnung zu gewährleisten, bestehen die Trennwände zwischen den kammerartigen Einzelbehältern beispielsweise aus Edelstahlblechen, die homogen einlegiert Neutronengifte enthalten, oder vorzugsweise aus zwei Edelstahlblechen, zwischen die das Neutronengift eingebettet ist. Das Neutronengift kann jedoch auch auf die Trennwände aufplattiert sein. Der Abstand zwischen den Trennwänden ist so gewählt und wird durch den Einbau von Abstandshaltern entsprechend gesichert, dass das Gesamtsystem, mit einem Sicherheitsfaktor versehen, unterkritisch bleibt.In order to ensure a criticality-proof arrangement, the partitions between the chamber-like individual containers consist, for example, of stainless steel sheets, which contain neutron poisons homogeneously alloyed, or preferably of two stainless steel sheets, between which the neutron poison is embedded. However, the neutron poison can also be plated onto the partition walls. The distance between the partitions is selected and is secured by installing spacers so that the overall system, provided with a safety factor, remains subcritical.

Um die äussere Stabilität des Gesamtbehälters zu gewährleisten, ist dieser beispielsweise mit einem Stützmantel, z.B. aus Beton, versehen.In order to ensure the external stability of the entire container, this is, for example, with a support jacket, e.g. made of concrete.

Als besonders vorteilhaft hat es sich herausgestellt, wenn der Behälter zylinderförmig ausgebildet ist und die Trennwände ringförmig und konzentrisch im Behälter angeordnet sind.It has proven to be particularly advantageous if the container is cylindrical and the partition walls are arranged in a ring and concentrically in the container.

Zum Beispiel beträgt für einen solchen infiniten Mehrfachringspaltbehälter, bei dem als Vergiftungsmaterial auf den Trennwänden jeweils 2 mm starke Hafniumbleche Verwendung finden, die sichere Schichtdicke zwar auch nur 5 cm, man kann aber diese sogenannten Ringslabs infinit ineinander zu einem einzigen Behälter anordnen, was bei unvergifteten Ringslabs vollkommen ausgeschlossen ist. Auf diese Weise benötigt man für den mit 2 mm Hafniumblech als Vergiftungsmaterial ausgestatteten Mehrfachringspaltbehälter, der 5 m3 Plutoniumnitratlösung aufnehmen und dessen Aussendurchmesser 1,5 m betragen soll, nur eine Bauhöhe von 2,9 m, während diese für einen unvergifteten Ringspaltbehälter mit 1,5 m Aussendurchmesser noch bei über 30 m liegt.For example, for such an infinite multi-ring gap container, in which 2 mm thick hafnium sheets are used as poisoning material on the partition walls, the safe layer thickness is only 5 cm, but these so-called ringslabs can be arranged infinitely one inside the other to form a single container, which is the case with non-poisoned ones Ringslabs is completely excluded. In this way, for the multi-ring gap container equipped with 2 mm hafnium sheet as poisoning material, which should hold 5 m 3 of plutonium nitrate solution and whose outside diameter should be 1.5 m, only a construction height of 2.9 m is required, while for a non-poisoned ring gap container with 1, 5 m outside diameter is still over 30 m.

Neben dem Mehrfachringspaltbehälter können natürlich auch rechteckige und quadratische Behälter mit rechteckigen und quadratischen einzelbehältern Verwendung finden.In addition to the multi-ring gap container, rectangular and square containers with rectangular and square individual containers can of course also be used.

Als vorteilhaft hat es sich auch erwiesen, zwischen den Doppelwänden Feuchtigkeitsdetektoren anzuordnen, die Beschädigungen der Trennwände dadurch zuverlässig anzeigen. Vorteilhaft ist es auch, die Abstandshalter ebenfalls mit einem neutronenabsorbierenden Material zu vergiften.It has also proven to be advantageous to use a moisture detector between the double walls to arrange, reliably indicate the damage to the partitions. It is also advantageous to poison the spacers with a neutron-absorbing material.

Die Abbildungen bis 111 zeigen schematisch in beispielhafter Ausführungsform einen Lagerbehältergemäss der Erfindung.Figures to 111 schematically show a storage container according to the invention in an exemplary embodiment.

Abbildung zeigt einen zylindrischen Lagerbehälter im Längsschnitt. Der Behälter 1 wird durch ringförmige, konzentrisch in Abstand voneinander liegende Trennwände 2 in mehrere Einzelbehälter in Form von Ringspalten aufgeteilt. An seiner höchsten Stelle besitzt der Behälter 1 eine Befüllöffnung 8 und einen Entlüftungsstutzen 9. Der Behälter 1 ist ein einen äusseren Stützmantel 4, beispielsweise aus Beton, eingestellt. Die Trennwände 2 sind nicht bis zum Boden des Behälters 1 durchgezogen, so dass Öffnungen 10 verbleiben, die ein gleichmässiges Befüllen des Behälters gestatten. Durch am Behälterboden versetzt angebrachte Bleche 11 mit Neutronengiften wird jedoch auch dieser Bereich kritikalitätssicher gehalten. Durch Abstandshalter 5 - nur teilweise in der Abbildung angedeutet - werden die Trennwände 2 auf Distanz gehalten und sichere Schichtdicke der ringspaltförmigen Einzelbehälter 3 gewährleistet. Das Entleeren des Behälters 1 erfolgt über ein Entleerungsventil 6.The illustration shows a cylindrical storage container in longitudinal section. The container 1 is divided into several individual containers in the form of annular gaps by annular partition walls 2 which are concentrically spaced apart from one another. At its highest point, the container 1 has a filling opening 8 and a vent 9. The container 1 is an outer support jacket 4, for example made of concrete. The partitions 2 are not pulled to the bottom of the container 1, so that openings 10 remain which allow the container to be filled evenly. However, this area is also kept safe from criticality by plates 11 with neutron poisons which are offset on the container bottom. Spacers 5 - only partially indicated in the figure - keep the partitions 2 at a distance and ensure a safe layer thickness of the annular-gap-shaped individual containers 3. The container 1 is emptied via an emptying valve 6.

Der Behälter ist mit einem abnehmbaren Dekkel 7 versehen, um das Behälterinnere und die Trennwände 2 überwachen zu können. Die Integrität der Trennwände 2 lässt sich auch von aussen überwachen, beispielsweise durch Neutronenflussmessungen. Vorzugsweise verwendet man jedoch Feuchtigkeitsdetektoren, die dann besonders einfach in die Trennwände 2 eingebaut werden können, wenn diese aus zwei Schichten bestehen, zwischen denen sich das Neutronengift befindet.The container is provided with a removable cover 7 in order to be able to monitor the interior of the container and the partitions 2. The integrity of the partition walls 2 can also be monitored from the outside, for example by neutron flux measurements. However, moisture detectors are preferably used, which can be installed particularly easily in the partition walls 2 if they consist of two layers, between which the neutron poison is located.

Abbildung 11 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch einen Mehrfachringspaltbehälter und Abbildung 111 eine Trennwand in bevorzugter Ausführungsform, wobei das Neutronengift, beispielsweise in Form eines Bleches 12, zwischen den beiden Teilwänden 13,14 der Trennwand angebracht ist.Figure 11 shows a cross section through a multiple ring gap container and Figure 111 shows a partition in a preferred embodiment, the neutron poison, for example in the form of a sheet 12, being attached between the two part walls 13, 14 of the partition.

Die Trennwände 2 können beispielsweise aus Edelstahlblechen bestehen, denen homogen die Neutronengifte Bor, Kadmium, Hafnium und/ oder Gadolinium zulegiert sind. Die Neutronengifte können jedoch auch in Form von Blechen auf den Trennwänden 2 aufplattiert sein oder sich vorteilhafterweise in Form von Pulver oder Blechen zwischen den beiden Teilwänden 13,14 befinden.The partition walls 2 can consist, for example, of stainless steel sheets, to which the neutron poisons boron, cadmium, hafnium and / or gadolinium are homogeneously alloyed. However, the neutron poisons can also be plated on the partition walls 2 in the form of sheets or advantageously be in the form of powder or sheets between the two partial walls 13, 14.

Der Abstand der Trennwände 2 voneinander, gesichert durch die Abstandshalter 5, richtet sich nach der Art und der Ionenkonzentration der Spaltstofflösung und ausserdem nach der Art und der Menge des verwendeten Spaltstoffes. Es liegt aber im allgemeinen zwischen 3 und 7 cm.The distance between the partitions 2, secured by the spacers 5, depends on the type and ion concentration of the fissile solution and also on the type and amount of fissile used. But it is generally between 3 and 7 cm.

Claims (5)

1. A container for the storage of fission product solutions safe against critically in particular plutonium solutions, which is devided into several individual containers by means of nuclear poison-containing partition walls, the individual containers being connected to one another, characterised in that the division of the container (1) into individual containers (3) is effected by means of partition walls (2) which are brought to a fixed distance by means of spacers (5) and which do not extend to the base of the container or the cover (7) of the container, and in that nuclear poison-containing plates (11) which are offset to the partition walls (2) are arranged on the container base and the container cover, the partition walls (2) and the plates (11) overlapping in a vertical direction at their ends.
2. A container for the critically safe storage of fission product solutions according to Claim 1, characterised in that the container (1) is cylindrical in design and the partition walls (2) are arranged annularly and concentrically in the container (1).
3. A container according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the partition walls (2) are designed as double walls and the nuclear poison (12) is located between the two parts (13, 14) of the double walls.
4. A container according to Claims 1 and 3, characterised in that a moisture detector is arranged between the two parts (13, 14) of the double walls.
5. A container according to Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the spacers (5) are mixed with a nuclear poison.
EP83107999A 1982-08-26 1983-08-12 Storage container for solutions of fission products Expired EP0102562B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3231751 1982-08-26
DE3231751 1982-08-26

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EP0102562A1 EP0102562A1 (en) 1984-03-14
EP0102562B1 true EP0102562B1 (en) 1986-11-20

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JP (1) JPS5950393A (en)
DE (1) DE3367819D1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007144414A1 (en) * 2006-06-15 2007-12-21 Belgonucleaire Sa Criticality prevention devices and methods in nuclear fuel production
JP5703250B2 (en) * 2012-03-19 2015-04-15 株式会社東芝 Fissile material storage tank and fissile material storage method
JP6180748B2 (en) * 2013-02-06 2017-08-16 株式会社東芝 Sedimentation separation apparatus and sedimentation separation method for radioactive liquid waste
JP6289884B2 (en) * 2013-11-29 2018-03-07 株式会社東芝 Radioactive substance removal system and radioactive substance removal method
CN108962414B (en) * 2018-06-15 2021-09-17 中国核电工程有限公司 Plutonium solution storage tank
CN110739093B (en) * 2019-09-23 2022-11-18 中国核电工程有限公司 Critical safety control method for solution storage tank in nuclear fuel post-treatment

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DE1584978A1 (en) * 1966-08-30 1970-06-25 Pintsch Bamag Ag Process and device for the decontamination of radioactive waste water by decay
US3882313A (en) * 1972-11-07 1975-05-06 Westinghouse Electric Corp Concentric annular tanks

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JPS5950393A (en) 1984-03-23
DE3367819D1 (en) 1987-01-08
EP0102562A1 (en) 1984-03-14

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