EP0101831A2 - Advancing machine for driving tunnels and galleries - Google Patents

Advancing machine for driving tunnels and galleries Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0101831A2
EP0101831A2 EP83106407A EP83106407A EP0101831A2 EP 0101831 A2 EP0101831 A2 EP 0101831A2 EP 83106407 A EP83106407 A EP 83106407A EP 83106407 A EP83106407 A EP 83106407A EP 0101831 A2 EP0101831 A2 EP 0101831A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drill head
tunnel
axis
machine
cutting head
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP83106407A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0101831A3 (en
Inventor
Heinz Horst
Johannes Dr.-Ing. Henneke
Helmut Podelleck
Friedrich Paul
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vodafone GmbH
Original Assignee
Mannesmann AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mannesmann AG filed Critical Mannesmann AG
Publication of EP0101831A2 publication Critical patent/EP0101831A2/en
Publication of EP0101831A3 publication Critical patent/EP0101831A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/11—Making by using boring or cutting machines with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines
    • E21D9/112—Making by using boring or cutting machines with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines by means of one single rotary head or of concentric rotary heads
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
    • E21D9/0875—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a movable support arm carrying cutting tools for attacking the front face, e.g. a bucket
    • E21D9/0879—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a movable support arm carrying cutting tools for attacking the front face, e.g. a bucket the shield being provided with devices for lining the tunnel, e.g. shuttering
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/1086—Drives or transmissions specially adapted therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to tunneling machines for mechanically opening tunnels and sections using the full-cut method, consisting of a machine frame that can be braced in the tunnel or in the section and is gradually moved forward on which the drilling head equipped with tools is rotatably mounted and can be moved relative to the machine frame by a feed path against the face .
  • a practiced solution to the problem consists in excavating large tunnel cross sections in two stages in order to avoid geological difficulties.
  • H First, create a pilot tube from which the surrounding mountains can be consolidated if necessary. This pilot tube is then expanded to the final tunnel diameter in a second pass.
  • Such a method is very time-consuming and costly.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a tunneling machine of the type described above, with which it is possible to dig large tunnel or route cross sections in one step, even in geologically difficult, for. B. fragile and brittle mountains.
  • the invention proposes that the rotary plane of the drill head is inclined in the direction of advance, the axis of rotation of the drill head making an angle between 20 and 50, preferably 30 and 45 * , in a vertical plane with the longitudinal axis of the tunnel or line.
  • the entire area of the drill head is also conceivable to secure the entire area of the drill head with a full shield.
  • the drives for the drill head are preferably arranged closely behind the drill head, axially parallel to the drill head axis.
  • the proposal of the invention inevitably creates a tunnel or route cross-section which is elliptical in projection, such a cross-section is often desired, especially in the case of large tunnel cross-sections.
  • the opening of traffic tunnels is made easier with a tunnel boring machine of the type proposed here, because two adjacent traffic arteries are generally provided there, that is to say a greater width than the height of the tunnel is to be aimed for.
  • FIG. 1 An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and is described below. It shows a tunneling machine in a shield.
  • the machine essentially consists of the drilling head (2) equipped with tools (1), the gear housing (3) with the drive units (4).
  • the machine frame (5) is pressed with the drill head over the feed cylinder (6).
  • a bracing unit (7) serves as an abutment.
  • the machine can also be supported on the segments by hydraulic cylinders (9).
  • the area up to the face can be secured by a sign (10).
  • This shield (10) can be a rigid full shield. It can also be single shields, e.g. B. be pressed hydraulically.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

The invention deals with the problem of providing an advancing machine for mechanically driving tunnels and galleries by the full-section method which can advantageously be used in friable and crumbling rocks and for holing geological faults. Known machines are already equipped with extremely flat cutting heads (compared with earlier conical ones) in order to produce a suitably vertical front with the greatest possible stability of the rock mass. Difficulties nevertheless continue to occur due to the collapse of the front and of the roof. To solve the problem, the invention proposes to tilt the plane of rotation of the cutting head (2) of the advancing machine in the advancing direction, the axis of rotation of the cutting head (2) enclosing an angle of between 20 and 50, preferably 30 and 45 DEG in the vertical plane with the tunnel or gallery axis. Optionally, the region of the front slope formed by the inclined cutting head (2) can be secured by a screen (10) which supports the roof. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft Vortriebsmaschinen zum maschinellen Auffahren von Tunneln und Strecken im Vollschnittverfahren, bestehend aus einem im Tunnel bzw. in der Strecke verspannbaren und schrittweise vorwärtsbewegbaren Maschinenrahmen an dem der mit Werkzeugen bestückte Bohrkopf drehangetrieben gelagert und gegenüber dem Maschinenrahmen um einen Vorschubweg gegen die Ortsbrust bewegbar ist.The invention relates to tunneling machines for mechanically opening tunnels and sections using the full-cut method, consisting of a machine frame that can be braced in the tunnel or in the section and is gradually moved forward on which the drilling head equipped with tools is rotatably mounted and can be moved relative to the machine frame by a feed path against the face .

Ein großes technisches Problem beim Auffahren von Tunneln und Strekken, insbesondere großer Querschnitte besteht in der Durchörterung geologischer Störungen, d. h. in der Stabilität der Ortsbrust und des Hangenden bis zum Einbringen des Tunnelausbaus. Die Entwicklung der Vollschnitt-Vortriebsmaschinen im vergangenen Jahrzehnt hat daher international zu äußerst flachen - gegenüber früher konischen - Bohrköpfen geführt, die eine entsprechend vertikale Ortsbrust mit bisher größtmöglicher Stabilität des Gesteinsverbandes erstellen.A major technical problem when driving tunnels and routes, especially large cross-sections, is the exploration of geological faults, i. H. in the stability of the face and the slope until the tunnel is installed. The development of the full-cut tunneling machines in the past decade has therefore led to extremely flat - compared to earlier conical - boring heads that create a corresponding vertical face with the greatest possible stability of the rock formation.

Trotzdem treten in nachbrüchigem und gebrächem Gebirge nach wir vor Schwierigkeiten durch Kollabieren der Ortsbrust und des Hangenden auf, die häufig zum Stillstand des Maschinenvortriebs führen und vorübergehend einen manuellen Vortrieb erforderlich machen.Nevertheless, in fragile and unused mountains, we face difficulties due to the collapse of the face and the slope, which often lead to the machine jacking coming to a standstill and temporarily requiring manual jacking.

Eine praktizierte Lösung des Problemes besteht darin, zur Vermeidung geologischer Schwierigkeiten große Tunnelquerschnitte zweistufig aufzufahren, d. h. zunächst eine Pilotröhre zu erstellen, aus der heraus das umgebende Gebirge gegebenenfalls verfestigt werden kann. Diese Pilotröhre wird dann in einem zweiten Durchgang auf den Tunnel-Enddurchmesser erweitert. Ein derartiges Verfahren ist jedoch sehr zeit-und kostenaufwendig.A practiced solution to the problem consists in excavating large tunnel cross sections in two stages in order to avoid geological difficulties. H. First, create a pilot tube from which the surrounding mountains can be consolidated if necessary. This pilot tube is then expanded to the final tunnel diameter in a second pass. However, such a method is very time-consuming and costly.

Ausgehend von diesen Problemen liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vortriebsmaschine der eingangs geschilderten Art zu schaffen, mit der es möglich ist, große Tunnel- bzw. Streckenquerschnitte einstufig aufzufahren, und zwar auch im geologisch schwierigen, z. B. nachbrüchigen und gebrächen Gebirge.Based on these problems, the present invention has for its object to provide a tunneling machine of the type described above, with which it is possible to dig large tunnel or route cross sections in one step, even in geologically difficult, for. B. fragile and brittle mountains.

Zur Lösung der Aufgabe schlägt die Erfindung vor, daß die Drehebene des Bohrkopfes in Vortriebsrichtung geneigt ist, wobei die Drehachse des Bohrkopfes mit der Tunnel- bzw. Streckenlängsachse in senkrechter Ebene einen Winkel zwischen 20 und 50, vorzugsweise 30 und 45* schließt.To achieve the object, the invention proposes that the rotary plane of the drill head is inclined in the direction of advance, the axis of rotation of the drill head making an angle between 20 and 50, preferably 30 and 45 * , in a vertical plane with the longitudinal axis of the tunnel or line.

Durch die Neigung des Bohrkopfes in Vortriebsrichtung erhält die Ortsbrust bei einer derartigen Tunnelauffahrung die Neigung einer naturlichen Böschung, wie sie sich beim Auslaufen bzw. Hereinbrechen geologisch gestörter Gesteinspartien ergeben würde. Eine derartig geneigte Ortsbrust verhindert von vornherein zunächst einmal das Kollabieren der Ortsbrust sowie das nachfolgende Hereinbrechen des Hangenden.Due to the inclination of the drill head in the direction of advance, the face of such a tunnel is given the inclination of a natural slope, as would be the case if geologically disturbed rock parts were to run out or collapse. Such an inclined front face prevents from the outset the collapse of the front face and the subsequent collapse of the hanging wall.

Wenn nach einem weiteren Vorschlag der Erfindung vorgesehen ist, daß mindestens der durch den geneigten Bohrkopf gebildete Bereich der - Ortsbrust-Böschung durch einen das Hangende stützenden Schild gesichert ist, so läßt sich ein optimaler Schutz der Maschine bis zum Einbringen des endgültigen Ausbaus hinter dem Schild bzw. hinter der Maschine erzielen.If, according to a further proposal of the invention, it is provided that at least the area of the - face slope formed by the inclined boring head is secured by a shield supporting the hanging surface, then an optimal protection of the machine can be achieved until the final removal behind the shield or behind the machine.

Es ist nach einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung auch denkbar, den gesamten Bereich des Bohrkopfes durch ein Vollschild zu sichern. Die Antriebe für den Bohrkopf sind vorzugsweise dicht hinter dem Bohrkopf achsparallel zur Bohrkopfachse angeordnet.According to a further feature of the invention, it is also conceivable to secure the entire area of the drill head with a full shield. The drives for the drill head are preferably arranged closely behind the drill head, axially parallel to the drill head axis.

Zwar wird durch den Vorschlag der Erfindung zwangsläufig ein Tunnel- bzw. Streckenquerschnitt aufgefahren, der in der Projektion eliptisch ist, doch ist gerade bei großen Tunnelquerschnitten ein solcher Querschnitt häufig gewünscht. Z. B. das Auffahren von Verkehrstunneln wird mit einer Vortriebsmaschine der hier vorgeschlagenen Art erleichtert, weil in der Regel dort zwei nebeneinanderliegende Verkehrsadern vorgesehen sind, also eine größere Breite als Höhe des Tunnels anzustreben ist.Although the proposal of the invention inevitably creates a tunnel or route cross-section which is elliptical in projection, such a cross-section is often desired, especially in the case of large tunnel cross-sections. For example, the opening of traffic tunnels is made easier with a tunnel boring machine of the type proposed here, because two adjacent traffic arteries are generally provided there, that is to say a greater width than the height of the tunnel is to be aimed for.

Aber auch bei Tunneln und Strecken oder auch Wasserstollen, bei denen der eliptische Querschnitt ansich unwichtig ist, ist die durch die Erfindung erzielte Stabilisierung der Ortsbrust und des Hangenden außerordentlich vorteilhaft und darüberhinaus der eliptische Querschnitt nicht störend.But also in tunnels and routes or water tunnels where the elliptical cross-section is not important, the stabilization of the face and the slope achieved by the invention is extremely advantageous and, moreover, the elliptical cross-section is not disturbing.

Es ist zwar bereits bei Schildmaschinen für den Vortrieb in Weichgestein bzw. Lockerböden vorgeschlagen worden, leicht nach vorn geneigte Schneidköpfe zu verwenden, da in Lockerböden die Stabilität der Ortsbrust ein noch größeres Problem darstellt, derartige Schneidköpfe besitzen jedoch nur Schäl-Schlitze, durch die bei der Drehung bzw. beim Oszilieren des Schneidkopfes das Lockergestein hereinläuft. Allenfalls sind derartige Schneidköpfe mit starren Schneidmeißeln bzw. Schälmessern besetzt. Die Neigung derartiger Schneidköpfe liegt auch nur bei wenigen Grad.Although it has already been proposed in shield machines for propulsion in soft rock or loose soils, the use of cutting heads which are slightly inclined forward, since the stability of the face is an even greater problem in loose soils, such cutting heads, however, only have peeling slots through which the loose rock runs in when the cutting head rotates or oscillates. At most, such cutting heads are equipped with rigid cutting chisels or peeling knives. The inclination of such cutting heads is only a few degrees.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird nachfolgend beschrieben. Es zeigt eine Vortriebsmaschine in einem Schild. Die Maschine besteht im wesentlichen aus dem mit Werkzeugen (1) bestückten Bohrkopf (2), dem Getriebegehäuse (3) mit den Antriebseinheiten (4). Der Maschinenrahmen (5) wird mit dem Bohrkopf über die Vorschubzylinder (6) vorgedrückt. Als Widerlager dient eine Verspanneinheit (7). Bei einem Ausbau des Tunnels mit Tübbingen (8) kann die Maschine sich auch über Hydraulik-Zylinder (9) an den Tübbingen abstützen. Der Bereich bis zur Ortsbrust kann durch ein Schild (10) abgesichert werden. Dieses Schild (10) kann ein starres Vollschild sein. Es können auch Einzelschilde sein, die z. B. hydraulisch angedrückt werden.An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and is described below. It shows a tunneling machine in a shield. The machine essentially consists of the drilling head (2) equipped with tools (1), the gear housing (3) with the drive units (4). The machine frame (5) is pressed with the drill head over the feed cylinder (6). A bracing unit (7) serves as an abutment. When expanding the tunnel with segments (8), the machine can also be supported on the segments by hydraulic cylinders (9). The area up to the face can be secured by a sign (10). This shield (10) can be a rigid full shield. It can also be single shields, e.g. B. be pressed hydraulically.

Claims (4)

1. Vortriebsmaschine zum maschinellen Auffahren von Tunneln und Strecken im Vollschnittverfahren, bestehend aus einem im Tunnel bzw. in der Strecke verspannbaren und schrittweise vorwärtsbewegbaren Maschinenrahmen, an dem der mit Werkzeug bestückte Bohrkopf drehangetrieben gelagert und gegenüber dem Maschinenrahmen um einen Vorschubweg gegen die Ortsbrust bewegbar ist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Drehebene des Bohrkopfes (2) in Vortriebsrichtung geneigt ist, wobei die Drehachse des Bohrkopfes (2) mit der Tunnel- bzw. Streckenlängsachse in senkrechter Ebene einen Winkel zwischen 20 und 50, vorzugsweise 30 und 45* schließt.1.Binding machine for mechanically opening tunnels and sections using the full-cut method, consisting of a machine frame that can be braced in the tunnel or section and is moved forward step by step, on which the drill head equipped with tools is rotatably mounted and can be moved relative to the machine frame by a feed path against the face ,
characterized,
that the rotary plane of the drill head (2) is inclined in the direction of advance, the axis of rotation of the drill head (2) making an angle between 20 and 50, preferably 30 and 45 * , in a vertical plane with the tunnel or line longitudinal axis. 2. Vortriebsmaschine nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß mindestens der durch den geneigten Bohrkopf (2) gebildete Bereich der Ortsbrust-Böschung durch einen das Hangende stützenden Schild (10) gesichert ist.2. tunneling machine according to claim 1,
characterized,
that at least the area of the face embankment formed by the inclined drill head (2) is secured by a shield (10) supporting the hanging end. 3. Vortriebsmaschine nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der gesamte Bereich des Bohrkopfes durch ein Vollschild gesichert ist.3. tunneling machine according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the entire area of the drill head is secured by a full shield. 4. Vortriebsmaschine nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Antriebe (4) des Bohrkopfes dicht hinter dem Bohrkopf (2) achsparallel zur Bohrkopfachse angeordnet sind.4. heading machine according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the drives (4) of the drill head are arranged closely behind the drill head (2) axially parallel to the drill head axis.
EP83106407A 1982-07-31 1983-07-01 Advancing machine for driving tunnels and galleries Withdrawn EP0101831A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19823228696 DE3228696A1 (en) 1982-07-31 1982-07-31 DRIVING MACHINES FOR MACHINING TUNNELS AND ROUTES
DE3228696 1982-07-31

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0101831A2 true EP0101831A2 (en) 1984-03-07
EP0101831A3 EP0101831A3 (en) 1984-05-16

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EP83106407A Withdrawn EP0101831A3 (en) 1982-07-31 1983-07-01 Advancing machine for driving tunnels and galleries

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DE (1) DE3228696A1 (en)

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE945981C (en) * 1952-04-01 1956-07-19 Korfmann Gmbh Maschf Road tunneling machine, especially for brown coal civil engineering
US3486794A (en) * 1967-04-24 1969-12-30 John R Tabor Tunneling machine with inclined cutting wheel
DE1935068A1 (en) * 1968-07-10 1970-03-05 Smith Internat Inc Drive system for oscillating tunnel boring machine
DE1658761C3 (en) * 1963-09-13 1975-05-28 Smith Industries International, Inc., Los Angeles, Calif. (V.St.A.) Driving shield for tunnel construction
DE2327816B2 (en) * 1973-06-01 1975-11-13 Bade & Co Gmbh, 3160 Lehrte Device for removing soil from the pressure chamber of a tunnel advance shield
AT334856B (en) * 1973-12-07 1977-02-10 Atlas Copco Ab PROCEDURE FOR THE STEP-BY-STEP DRIVING OF A SITE BREAST IN THE UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THE PROCEDURE
DE2829053B2 (en) * 1978-07-01 1980-11-13 Bade & Theelen Gmbh, 3160 Lehrte Bearing for the cutting wheel of a driving shield that works with a pressurized air or liquid-supported face
DE2925505A1 (en) * 1979-06-25 1981-01-15 Holzmann Philipp Ag DRIVING SHIELD

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE945981C (en) * 1952-04-01 1956-07-19 Korfmann Gmbh Maschf Road tunneling machine, especially for brown coal civil engineering
DE1658761C3 (en) * 1963-09-13 1975-05-28 Smith Industries International, Inc., Los Angeles, Calif. (V.St.A.) Driving shield for tunnel construction
US3486794A (en) * 1967-04-24 1969-12-30 John R Tabor Tunneling machine with inclined cutting wheel
DE1935068A1 (en) * 1968-07-10 1970-03-05 Smith Internat Inc Drive system for oscillating tunnel boring machine
DE2327816B2 (en) * 1973-06-01 1975-11-13 Bade & Co Gmbh, 3160 Lehrte Device for removing soil from the pressure chamber of a tunnel advance shield
AT334856B (en) * 1973-12-07 1977-02-10 Atlas Copco Ab PROCEDURE FOR THE STEP-BY-STEP DRIVING OF A SITE BREAST IN THE UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THE PROCEDURE
DE2829053B2 (en) * 1978-07-01 1980-11-13 Bade & Theelen Gmbh, 3160 Lehrte Bearing for the cutting wheel of a driving shield that works with a pressurized air or liquid-supported face
DE2925505A1 (en) * 1979-06-25 1981-01-15 Holzmann Philipp Ag DRIVING SHIELD

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3228696A1 (en) 1984-02-09
EP0101831A3 (en) 1984-05-16

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Inventor name: HENNEKE, JOHANNES, DR.-ING.