EP0097134A1 - Photo-electrostatic method for glaze-decorating ceramic tiles, machine therefor, and end product obtained therefrom - Google Patents
Photo-electrostatic method for glaze-decorating ceramic tiles, machine therefor, and end product obtained therefrom Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0097134A1 EP0097134A1 EP83830121A EP83830121A EP0097134A1 EP 0097134 A1 EP0097134 A1 EP 0097134A1 EP 83830121 A EP83830121 A EP 83830121A EP 83830121 A EP83830121 A EP 83830121A EP 0097134 A1 EP0097134 A1 EP 0097134A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- image
- machine
- glaze
- transfer
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/04—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers
- B28B11/044—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers with glaze or engobe or enamel or varnish
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/14—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base
- G03G15/16—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer
- G03G15/1625—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer on a base other than paper
Definitions
- the invention relates to a photo-electrostatic method and machinery for applying decorative glaze to ceramic tiles, and to the end-product turned out by adoption of such a method -that is, a new method, partly inspired by the Xerox photocopy principle, which will enable printing of a decorative glaze onto ceramic tiles by utilising the appropriate machinery.
- the prior art in this field consists of a variety of tile glaze-decorating methods and relative devices which provide for projection of the glaze-medium in liquid state through stencils onto the surface requiring decoration; said projection being brought about either centrifugally by disc, or by free-fall, or by spray-gunning, or with a system of revolving delivery-receptacles, or by silkscreen process - this with either a flat screen, or a set of screens fitted to a revolving drum.
- Al such techniques are characterised by the use of glaze in liquid state.
- the invention described herein solves said problem through the adoption of a decorating-method which is to some extent inspired by xeroprinting, the application of xerography to photocopy reproduction developed by the Xerox company.
- the Xerox method makes provision for build-up of a positive charge in a selenium-coated conductor to some 6000 volts (this by inducing a 'corona' phenomenon) in order to render it light-sensitive. Light reflected by the white areas of the image to be reproduced will then hit the selenium correspondingly, so as to allow selective earthing-out of the positive charge, leaving behind a positively-charged area which will correspond to the image's dark parts.
- the conductor-image is then capable of attracting a special black powder which is negatively charged and consists of a carrier-medium (graphite, usually) and a thermoplastic resin pigment, this being strewn onto the blank copy-paper and fixed by heat-treatment, so as to obtain a permanent reproduction,
- An improved embodiment of the machine set forth as per the invention described herein envisages positioning of the transparency within a revolving glass cylinder which is caused to turn synchronously both with the image-transfer cylirder, and with the ongoing movement of the tile beneath, whilst the tile's position with respect to the image-transfer cylinder is adjustable, such synchronous movement provided for by a drive- and transmission associating all the machine's rotating parts one with the other,
- Advantages offered by the invention are these: a simplified glazing-procedure; elimination of glaze in the liquid state, and attendant problems; a more compact glaze-decoraticn plant; less maintenance; little or no waste/rejects; quick set-up for the single product scheduled; no large vacuum and cleaning installations; no glaze-encrusted equipment to clean and wash down; reduction in manpower and running-costs; a more faithful reproduction of the projected image; and finally, a cleaner and more clear-cut reproduction, perfectly centred on the decorated surface of the tile.
- 1 denotes a pair of belts carrying the single tiles 2 forward onto a cog-belt denoted 3 which propels them further forward onto guides 4 at the bottom side of the cylinders, these lying above said cog-belt 3, and between further lateral guides 5; 6 denoting the teeth fixed to belt 3 which drag each single tile along through the machine, as well as carrying a synchroniser block 7 for timing purposes, 8 denotes a pair of guides made fast to the upper part 9cF the machine framework, this in turn associated with the base 10 by way of uprights 11, said guides 8 accommodating the slide of a carriage 12 which reciprocates the transparency 13 providing one of the colours to be printed on tile 2, 14 is the vertically-disposed reflector of a lamp 15 mounted to upper-framework 9 which projects a beam of light through transparency 13 by way of the slot 16 located in a baffle denoted 17; ventilation is afforded by a tube 18.
- 19 denotes a transparent plate fitted to the frame 20 forming part of carriage 12, and providing the mount for said transparency 13, which is held in position by the weight of a further top transparent plate 21 hinged to said frame.
- 22 denotes a spring anchored at one end to the end of frame 20, and at the other to framework 9.
- 23 denotes the extremity of a cable fixed to the carriage 12 carrying transparency 13, and sliding within a flexible sheath 24 attached to the entry end of upper framework 9 and bent round and away so as to turn back in toward the machine and connect up with a longitudinal 25 disposed at centre and fixed to two cross-members 26.
- 31 denotes a horizontal slot in said longitudiral 25 extending the entire length of the latter and accommodating the slide of two bottom cross-pieces 32, 32' associated with the cycle timing-block 7.
- 33 is an adjustable sleeve fitted to the enry-end of said longitudinal and provided with a raked face 34 designed to draw the first cross-piece 32' offered by block 7 down into a recess 35 located below the level of slot 31 at that end thereof, such that the timing-block 7 itself dips forward and down so as to disengage its own trailing top-end 36 from the tooth 6 which would hitherto have been drawing it along together with tile 2.
- 37 denotes a transverse slot at the underside of said longitudinal 25 which underlies the first cross-piece 32' when in its drawn-back position, whilst 38 is a stop associating with said slot by virtue of its being fixed to the end of a flexible lath 39 fitted likewise to the underside of longitudinal 25.
- 40 represents an electromagnet which frees slot 37 whenever it is wished to avoid timing-block 7 beirg carried forward by tooth 6 -in short, when there is no tile 2 to be decorated.
- 41 denotes the opposite end of the cable aforesaid made fast in like manner to end 23, in this case to the trailing end of the timing-block 7.
- 42 denotes a transversely-disposed screen of optic fibres located beneath the slot 16 in baffle 17 and arranged in two staggered sets, borne up thus at either side by the two side-walls 43 of a box structure 44 mounted on base 10.
- a pair of opaque side-members 45 fixed to the upper part of box 44 converge downward toward the optic fibres, and have the function of gathering in those outer rays emanting from lamp 15 whose beam is intended exclusively for the fibres 42 themselves.
- 46 denotes the basic structure of a cylindrical conductcr designed to transfer the docorative image, whose transversely-set shaft 47 lies in a vertical plane passing through the centre-line of lamp 15 and fibres 42 alike, said shaft journalled at either end to side-walls 43 and thus free to rotate; the outer cylindrical surface 48 of said conductor coated with selenium glass, and the entire component thus embodied -being a conductor- connected to earth.
- 49 is a tungsten filament, taut and transversely disposed upward and away from cylinder 46-48, and boxed within an enclosure 50 fixed at either end to side-walls 43, this being the means by which a positive charge is imparted to cylindrical surface 48 by the corona effect aforementioned (see fig 6), which raises some 6000 volts between the filament itself and earth.
- 51 denotes a lamp having a reflector 52 with its throw-aperture 53 directed toward that bend of cylindrical surface 48 exposed to the beam emanating from optic fibres 42, provision being made for a shutter 54 attached to one end of a flexible strip 55 nounted to a support 56 suspended between side-walls 43.
- 57 is a further elctromagnet designed to attract strip 55 aforesaid in order to open up aperture 53 during the return travel of transparency 13 -this in order that the beam from lamp 51 may cancel out the positive charge induced into surface 48 by filament 49 - said electromagnet being operated by the action of a cam during said return travel.
- 58 denotes a hopper -likewise a conductor- mounted between side-walls 43 and insulated therefrom, and containing the glaze compound in dry state (denoted 59, and of whatever colour happens to be selected for this machine stage) into which a negative electrostatic charge of a few hundred volts is induced.
- the hopper incorporetes transversely-disposed rods 60 of prismatic shape, designed to agitate the dry glaze.
- 61 denotes a further agitator-rod, embodied cylindrically and located at the bottom end of the hopper alongside a further cylinder- the feed cylinder aforementioned - having an insulated body section 62 and a shaft 63 journalled to the sides 64 of the hopper 58 itself.
- the surface-speed of cylinder 62 is greater than that of cylinder 46-48 by an amount sufficient to compensate for non-conductive interspaces, 65 denotes strips of conductive material (figs 3, 5) disposed about the cylindrical surface area of feeder 62, which makes contact with image-transfer cylinder 46-48 at the bottom entry-side thereof.
- 66 and 67 denote sectors-to-a-circle of differing length, both conductive, annular in shape, and making-up one common circumference; said sectors fixed to the inside of one of said hopper-walls 64 and disposed thus coaxial with feed-cylinder 62, and furnished with radial conductors 68 directed toward the outer surface of said feed-cylinder Sector 66 is wired to a source of electrical energy supplying some few hundred volts positive charge -preferably of a lower potential than that of hopper 58- whilst sector 67 is wired to a negative source, and positioned nearest the image-transfer cylinder 46-48.
- 69 denotes the bottom-most point of hopper 58, which is radiused parallel with the cylindrical surface of feeder 62, and has its farthest extremity located within that area where the tow cylinders 62 and 46-48 turn away from one another following contact.
- 70 denotes a vertical baffle (likewise conductive) fitted to hopper 58 and disposed within a transverse plane dividing feed-cylinder 62, whose lower edge exhibits a bevel, and rides alongside the outer cylindrical surface of feeder 62 at distance such as will allow passage therebetween of a 'dusting' of glaze some few tenths-of-a-millimetre thick.
- 71 denotes further conductors ranged in alignment below the lower generatrix offered by cylinder 46-48 -that is, at the point of actual I image- transfer onto the tiie; said conductors fashioned from metal, directed toward the cylinder-generatrix, insulated from composite-chassis T aforedescribed, and wired so as to receive a positive eledrical charge. These conductors ride all-but-in-contact with the reverse face of the single tile 2.
- 74 represents a roller-brush turning around shaft 75 and suspended in rotation between side-walls 43 so as to lie parallel with cylinder 46,48 and act thereon at a point between filament 49 and lamp 72; the bristles of said brush performing a purely mechanical function:that of cleaning off residual glaze 59 from the surface of the image-transfer cylinder, 76 denotes a casing within which brush 74 is enclosed, together with a filter 77 and a fan 78 which provide for the removal of residual glaze.
- 79 denotes the hinge-pin about which chassis T is caused to pivot, the remaining end of the chassis itself resting upon springs 80, these providing suspension for same.
- 81 is a gearmotor which drives a shaft 82 journalled to base 10, whilst 83 and 84 are pulleys keyed onto said shaft 82 and further shaft 85, respectively, creating the loop for cog-belt 3 aforementioned.
- a further pulley 86 likewise keyed to shaft 82 transmits drive by way of a belt 87 to shafts 47 and 75, which drive the image-transfer cylinder 46-48 and roller-brush 74, respectively.
- a pulley 88 mounted onto return shaft 85 transmits to further shaft 89, this in turn driving a belt 90 whose function is that of turning feed-cylinder shaft 63, cylindrical agitator rod 61 and prismatic rods 60.
- Bracket-type fixtures 93 associated with uprights 92 and facing inwards afford support, by way of springs 94, to a pair of guides 95 directing the top branches of said belts 91, these being driven by a pair of drive pulleys 96 and returned by further, idle pulleys 97, the drive pulleys being keyed to a shaft 98 journalled at either end to base 10.
- 99 represents a motorvariator imparting motion to shaft 98 by way of a drive-belt 100.
- 101 denotes a chain located centrally in the machine at a point between said pair of belts 91, and provided with a detent 102 designed to slow up and position the single tile 2, said chain 101 turning at a lesser speed than that of belts 91.
- 103 denotes the drive-sprocket for chain 101, and 104 the idle return-sprocket.
- An electormagne- tically operated stop 105 halts the passage of the tiles upon triggering of a microswitch not shown.
- 106 denotes uprights issuing from the base 10 of the machine, whose function is that of supporting the box structure 44 within which all the glazing-equipment carried by the machine is housed, 107 denotes a transversely-disposed, hollow glass cylinder having solid ends 108 supported in rotation by trunnions 109, these fitted to respective appendages 110 extending upwards from the side-walls 43 of box 44.
- a transparency 111 bearing the image for one of the glaze colours to be applied to tile 2 isnounted onto a sector of the inside surface of glass-cylinder 107, whilst -likewise inside the cylinder- a vertically disposed reflector 112 and relative tube lamp 113 are associated with said trunnions 109 at either end.
- 114 is the baffle defining a slot 115, beneath which one has the two staggered sets of optic fibres 42 aforementioned, suspended between the two side-walls 43 of box-structure 44, as in the first embodiment described.
- 116 denotes appendages from guides 95 which carry conductors 71 aforedescribed.
- a pulley 117 keyed onto drive-shaft 98 turns ia cog-belt 118 passing around the following rotary components: the shaft 75 of roller-brush 74, shaft 47 of the image-transfer cylinder 46-48, pulley 119 turning one end 108 of glass-cylinder 107, the uppermost of the two prismatic agitator-rods 60, and further pulley 120 keyed to the sprocket 103 driving chain 101.
- Pulley120 and drive-sprocket 103 are of size such that the speed of said chain 101 will be less than that of the pair of cog-belts 91 -this in order to enable positioning of the single tiles 2 beneath cylinder 46-48 by means of the detent 102.
- Pulleys 117 and 119 are of relative diameter such that the surface speed of said glass-cylinder 107 will be equal to the travel-speed of belts 91. Provision is made for a screw-adjusted stretcher 122 acting on belt 118 at a point between pulleys 119 and 120, whilst a further stretcher 123 tensioned by means of a spring is located between pulleys 120 and 117: by working stretcher 122 back or forth at the turn of its screw, pulley 120 can be made to advance or retard with respect to pulley 119 so as to synchronise movement of the transparency 113 with that of the detent 102 offered by chain 101, this bringing about the correct timing between tile 2 and transparency 113.
- the obtic fibres 42 below project the image line by line onto the top side of transfer-cylinder 46, whose outer surface 48 is already invested with a uniform positive electric charge produced by the 'corona' phenomenon generated by filament 49.
- the clear areas of the transparency allow passage to the light which, as a result, cancel out the corresponding positively-charged areas on 48 of the cylinder passing beneath.
- the positively-charged area, or pattern remaining on surface 48 will correspond to the transparency's dark parts, whilst the boundary of the transparency either matches, or is proportioned to, that of the tile 2 itself.
- Crosspiece 32' forming part of the timing-block 7 now comes up against the recess 35 offered by longitudinal 25 and, thanks to the incline 34 incorporated thereinto, top-end 36 is freed from tooth 6 of the carrier belt 3, and the carriage 12 and timing-block 7 make their respective returns -to-original-position, at the same time triggering electromagnet 57 whose excitation permits light-emission from lamp 51 so as to render the transparency 13 without influence during its return.
- the dry glaze adheres to the 'dark' parts of surface 48, being positively-charged, though not to those areas already discharged. A remnant will return toward the hopper held by the positively-charged areas of feed-cylinder 62, whilst the particles 59 held by positive charge on surface 48 continue toward the second narrowed area, S', where a tile will be moving forward, in receipt of a positive charge from the conductors 71 beneath.
- the tiles 2 in the case of a glaze-decoration involving three distinct colours-and mounted the transparencies 111 into their three respective glass-cylinders 107, the tiles 2, already moistened and given their neutral glaze base-coat, can be fed onto the pair of carrier cog-blets 91.
- the tiles will in fact be appropriately spaced apart by stop 105 via triggering of a microswitch timed with the detent 102 offered by chain 101, such that the detent -travelling at a lesser speed than that of the belts 91 themselves- is enabled to position the single tiles correctly with respect to said glass-cylinder 107; transparency 111 mounted within the latter being synchronised with said stop 105 so as to pass over the slot 115 in baffle 114, the result of which is that the beam emitted from lamp 113 passes through the optic fibres 42 so as to project the image line by line onto surface 48 of the transfer-cylinder 46, this retaining a formed image which will correspond to the transparency's dark area.
- Pulley-diameters are such that the speed travelled by belts 91 matches the surface-speeds of both cylinders 107 and 46-48; also, the speed travelled by chain 101 -hence of detent 102- is less than that of belts 91, thus permitting correct alignment of the single tile 2 with respect to the image revolving on cyli nder 48. Fine adjustment of the tile-position thus obtained, giving perfect alignment both with the image on surface 48 and with the transparency 111 itself, is then had by working the screw-operated stretcher 122, so as to advance or retard pulley 120 (that driving chain 101) with respect to the two cylinders which bring about image-transfer: glass-cylinder 107, and transfer-cylinder 46-48.
- the microswitch which operates stop 105 might well be cam-controlled from the end 108 of glass-cylinder 107, or from the shaft 47 of image-transfer cylinder 46-48, or from the chain's 101 drive-sprocket 103, or even from the detent 102 offered by said chain, or, indeed, from any other moving part of the machine whose operation is sychronised with said cylinders 107 and 46-48.
Abstract
Description
- The invention relates to a photo-electrostatic method and machinery for applying decorative glaze to ceramic tiles, and to the end-product turned out by adoption of such a method -that is, a new method, partly inspired by the Xerox photocopy principle, which will enable printing of a decorative glaze onto ceramic tiles by utilising the appropriate machinery. Thus, the method itself, the machine, and the end-product obtained, constitute the collective subject which the application seeks to protect with letters patent, The prior art in this field consists of a variety of tile glaze-decorating methods and relative devices which provide for projection of the glaze-medium in liquid state through stencils onto the surface requiring decoration; said projection being brought about either centrifugally by disc, or by free-fall, or by spray-gunning, or with a system of revolving delivery-receptacles, or by silkscreen process - this with either a flat screen, or a set of screens fitted to a revolving drum. Al such techniques are characterised by the use of glaze in liquid state. Systems whereby glaze is applied to tiles by projection in the liquid state require -amongst other thins- a long production line per colour, which signifies capacious factory premises and a great deal of ancillary equipment to cover each single type of tile, not to mention all the necessary dust-vacuuming, cleaning and wash-down plant. In the case of silkscreening, a screenassembly per single colour is necessary, as well as one operative for each such assembly, and time in which to set up the screens themselves and keep a constant check on the glaze compound for correct consistency. Whatever the individual system employed, the liquid glaze medium requires preparation, and cannot always by utilised to the last drop. Finally, production methods involving the application of glaze in liquid state give rise to a large reject percentage.
- The prior art thus outlined standes in need of improvement -considerable improvement- especially with regard to the undesirability of applying glaze in liquid state, and by the same token, of overlarge plant used therefor, of vacuum and other cleaning installations, and wash-down facilities, and of uneconomical man-power requirements; such improvement bringing with it an end-product characterised by better finishing and enhanced definition.
- From the foregoing, one may discern the need for a solution to the technical problem of discovering a glaze-decoration method capable of applying the medium in its dry state, and a machine for carrying said method into effect -a machine such as willrationalise the production of glazed ceramic tiles by reducing space-requirements, man-power, wasted material, operating-time and costs, and rejects,
- The invention described herein solves said problem through the adoption of a decorating-method which is to some extent inspired by xeroprinting, the application of xerography to photocopy reproduction developed by the Xerox company. The Xerox method makes provision for build-up of a positive charge in a selenium-coated conductor to some 6000 volts (this by inducing a 'corona' phenomenon) in order to render it light-sensitive. Light reflected by the white areas of the image to be reproduced will then hit the selenium correspondingly, so as to allow selective earthing-out of the positive charge, leaving behind a positively-charged area which will correspond to the image's dark parts. Being thus positively charged, the conductor-image is then capable of attracting a special black powder which is negatively charged and consists of a carrier-medium (graphite, usually) and a thermoplastic resin pigment, this being strewn onto the blank copy-paper and fixed by heat-treatment, so as to obtain a permanent reproduction,
- The method to which the invention relates, wherein, in accordance with the Xerox principle, a cylindrical conductor having a selenium covering is charged to 6000V by the corona phenomenon, replaces the special black powder aforesaid with a normal glaze compound in dry state and having a negative charge; the image to be transferred onto the tile beirg provided by a transparency caused to reciprocate horizontally through a longitudinal path above said cylindrical conductor, whilst projection of the image onto the cylinder top-side is brought about by lamp and optic fibres; movement of the transparency being synchronised with that of the tile which travels horizontally beneath the cylinder and opposed thereto, reproduction of the image onto the cylinder during the transparency's return travel being precluded by application of light from an auxiliary source; the cylinder being caused to rotate and transfer said image downwards towards a first convergence produced by a feed-cylinder from which the negatively-charged dry glaze medium is imparted to the image-transfer cylinder and caused to adhere to the positively-charged dark areas of the latter; there being a second restriction located in opposition to the optic fibres and at the bottom side of said image-transfer cylinder where the tile itself, positively-charged by conductors position beneath, passes beneath in order to receive the glaze therefrom; said glaze adhering to the tile-surface by virtue both of the agency of a lamp which causes earthing-out of the positive charge, and of prior dampening of the tile-surface followed by application of a neutral base coat incorporating a bonding-agent, Multi-colour decoration involving three or four shades can be carried through by a set of machine-assemblies thus embodied, linked in series, with a final fix of the decoration being provided by a protective frit applied to the finished surface,
- An improved embodiment of the machine set forth as per the invention described herein envisages positioning of the transparency within a revolving glass cylinder which is caused to turn synchronously both with the image-transfer cylirder, and with the ongoing movement of the tile beneath, whilst the tile's position with respect to the image-transfer cylinder is adjustable, such synchronous movement provided for by a drive- and transmission associating all the machine's rotating parts one with the other,
- Advantages offered by the invention are these: a simplified glazing-procedure; elimination of glaze in the liquid state, and attendant problems; a more compact glaze-decoraticn plant; less maintenance; little or no waste/rejects; quick set-up for the single product scheduled; no large vacuum and cleaning installations; no glaze-encrusted equipment to clean and wash down; reduction in manpower and running-costs; a more faithful reproduction of the projected image; and finally, a cleaner and more clear-cut reproduction, perfectly centred on the decorated surface of the tile.
- There are two possible embodiments of the invention illustrated -purely by way of example- in the ten sheets of drawings depicting the machine which accompany this specification, wherein:
- Figure 1 is a side view of one possible embodiment, seen in cutaway;
- Figure 2 is a vertical cross-section of fig 1 taken through II-II, whose main purpose is that of illustrating the travel of both transparency and tile at that part of the machine;
- Figure 3 is a horizontal section taken along those parallel planes passing through the axes of the machine's rotary components;
- Figure 4 is a schematic view from one side of the machine which shows its transmission arrangement;
- Figure 5 is a large-scale section through fig 3, or fig 9, illustrating the fed-cylinder;
- Figure 6 illustrates the elctrostatic contact-zone between tile and cylinder;
- Figure 7 is the same view as that in fig 1, though of a machine in which the transparency is fitted up inside a revolving glass cylinder;
- Figure 8 is a vertical cross-section through VIII-VIII in fig 7;
- Figure 9 is a horizortal section as per fig 3, taken through the second embodiment as described herein;
- Figure 10 is a side view of the machine in its second described embodiment, which illustrates the transmission arrangement;
- Figure 11 is the same drawing as in fig 6, though referred to the second said embodmenent.
- With reference to the drawings, 1 denotes a pair of belts carrying the
single tiles 2 forward onto a cog-belt denoted 3 which propels them further forward onto guides 4 at the bottom side of the cylinders, these lying above said cog-belt 3, and between furtherlateral guides 5; 6 denoting the teeth fixed tobelt 3 which drag each single tile along through the machine, as well as carrying a synchroniser block 7 for timing purposes, 8 denotes a pair of guides made fast to the upper part 9cF the machine framework, this in turn associated with thebase 10 by way ofuprights 11, saidguides 8 accommodating the slide of acarriage 12 which reciprocates thetransparency 13 providing one of the colours to be printed ontile 2, 14 is the vertically-disposed reflector of alamp 15 mounted to upper-framework 9 which projects a beam of light throughtransparency 13 by way of the slot 16 located in a baffle denoted 17; ventilation is afforded by atube 18. 19 denotes a transparent plate fitted to theframe 20 forming part ofcarriage 12, and providing the mount for saidtransparency 13, which is held in position by the weight of a further toptransparent plate 21 hinged to said frame. 22 denotes a spring anchored at one end to the end offrame 20, and at the other to framework 9. 23 denotes the extremity of a cable fixed to thecarriage 12 carryingtransparency 13, and sliding within aflexible sheath 24 attached to the entry end ofupper framework 9 and bent round and away so as to turn back in toward the machine and connect up with a longitudinal 25 disposed at centre and fixed to twocross-members 26. The pair of guides 4, together withlateral guides 5, their respective pairs oflongitudinal supports 27 and 28 -both associated with flexibly-mounted exit cross-member 29- the entry-end cross-member 30 hinged tobase 10, and the twocross-members 26 affording support to longitudinal 25, all combine in making up the chassis denoted T which oscillates vertically and within the section of machine being described, whilst bearingceramic tile 2 and timing-block 7 along with it. 31 denotes a horizontal slot in said longitudiral 25 extending the entire length of the latter and accommodating the slide of twobottom cross-pieces 32, 32' associated with the cycle timing-block 7. 33 is an adjustable sleeve fitted to the enry-end of said longitudinal and provided with araked face 34 designed to draw the first cross-piece 32' offered by block 7 down into arecess 35 located below the level ofslot 31 at that end thereof, such that the timing-block 7 itself dips forward and down so as to disengage its own trailing top-end 36 from the tooth 6 which would hitherto have been drawing it along together withtile 2. 37 denotes a transverse slot at the underside of said longitudinal 25 which underlies the first cross-piece 32' when in its drawn-back position, whilst 38 is a stop associating with said slot by virtue of its being fixed to the end of aflexible lath 39 fitted likewise to the underside of longitudinal 25. 40 represents an electromagnet which freesslot 37 whenever it is wished to avoid timing-block 7 beirg carried forward by tooth 6 -in short, when there is notile 2 to be decorated. 41 denotes the opposite end of the cable aforesaid made fast in like manner to end 23, in this case to the trailing end of the timing-block 7. 42 denotes a transversely-disposed screen of optic fibres located beneath the slot 16 inbaffle 17 and arranged in two staggered sets, borne up thus at either side by the two side-walls 43 of abox structure 44 mounted onbase 10. A pair of opaque side-members 45 fixed to the upper part ofbox 44 converge downward toward the optic fibres, and have the function of gathering in those outer rays emanting fromlamp 15 whose beam is intended exclusively for thefibres 42 themselves. 46 denotes the basic structure of a cylindrical conductcr designed to transfer the docorative image, whose transversely-set shaft 47 lies in a vertical plane passing through the centre-line oflamp 15 andfibres 42 alike, said shaft journalled at either end to side-walls 43 and thus free to rotate; the outercylindrical surface 48 of said conductor coated with selenium glass, and the entire component thus embodied -being a conductor- connected to earth. 49 is a tungsten filament, taut and transversely disposed upward and away from cylinder 46-48, and boxed within anenclosure 50 fixed at either end to side-walls 43, this being the means by which a positive charge is imparted tocylindrical surface 48 by the corona effect aforementioned (see fig 6), which raises some 6000 volts between the filament itself and earth. 51 denotes a lamp having areflector 52 with its throw-aperture 53 directed toward that bend ofcylindrical surface 48 exposed to the beam emanating fromoptic fibres 42, provision being made for ashutter 54 attached to one end of aflexible strip 55 nounted to asupport 56 suspended between side-walls 43. 57 is a further elctromagnet designed to attractstrip 55 aforesaid in order to open upaperture 53 during the return travel of transparency 13 -this in order that the beam fromlamp 51 may cancel out the positive charge induced intosurface 48 by filament 49 - said electromagnet being operated by the action of a cam during said return travel. 58 denotes a hopper -likewise a conductor- mounted between side-walls 43 and insulated therefrom, and containing the glaze compound in dry state (denoted 59, and of whatever colour happens to be selected for this machine stage) into which a negative electrostatic charge of a few hundred volts is induced. The hopper incorporetes transversely-disposedrods 60 of prismatic shape, designed to agitate the dry glaze. 61 denotes a further agitator-rod, embodied cylindrically and located at the bottom end of the hopper alongside a further cylinder- the feed cylinder aforementioned - having aninsulated body section 62 and ashaft 63 journalled to thesides 64 of thehopper 58 itself. The surface-speed ofcylinder 62 is greater than that of cylinder 46-48 by an amount sufficient to compensate for non-conductive interspaces, 65 denotes strips of conductive material (figs 3, 5) disposed about the cylindrical surface area offeeder 62, which makes contact with image-transfer cylinder 46-48 at the bottom entry-side thereof. 66 and 67 denote sectors-to-a-circle of differing length, both conductive, annular in shape, and making-up one common circumference; said sectors fixed to the inside of one of said hopper-walls 64 and disposed thus coaxial with feed-cylinder 62, and furnished withradial conductors 68 directed toward the outer surface of said feed-cylinder Sector 66 is wired to a source of electrical energy supplying some few hundred volts positive charge -preferably of a lower potential than that of hopper 58- whilstsector 67 is wired to a negative source, and positioned nearest the image-transfer cylinder 46-48. 69 denotes the bottom-most point ofhopper 58, which is radiused parallel with the cylindrical surface offeeder 62, and has its farthest extremity located within that area where thetow cylinders 62 and 46-48 turn away from one another following contact. 70 denotes a vertical baffle (likewise conductive) fitted to hopper 58 and disposed within a transverse plane dividing feed-cylinder 62, whose lower edge exhibits a bevel, and rides alongside the outer cylindrical surface offeeder 62 at distance such as will allow passage therebetween of a 'dusting' of glaze some few tenths-of-a-millimetre thick. 71 denotes further conductors ranged in alignment below the lower generatrix offered by cylinder 46-48 -that is, at the point of actual I image- transfer onto the tiie; said conductors fashioned from metal, directed toward the cylinder-generatrix, insulated from composite-chassis T aforedescribed, and wired so as to receive a positive eledrical charge. These conductors ride all-but-in-contact with the reverse face of thesingle tile 2. Afurther lamp 72 having areflector 73 and positioned at the opposite side of the image-transfer cylinder to that ofcylinder 62, has its rays directed at the image-transfer line so as to cancel out the positive charge retained by that part of the cylindricalouter surface 48 already beyond the transfer-line and approaching the lamp itself. 74 represents a roller-brush turning aroundshaft 75 and suspended in rotation between side-walls 43 so as to lie parallel withcylinder filament 49 andlamp 72; the bristles of said brush performing a purely mechanical function:that of cleaning offresidual glaze 59 from the surface of the image-transfer cylinder, 76 denotes a casing within whichbrush 74 is enclosed, together with afilter 77 and afan 78 which provide for the removal of residual glaze. In fig 1, 79 denotes the hinge-pin about which chassis T is caused to pivot, the remaining end of the chassis itself resting uponsprings 80, these providing suspension for same. In fig 4, 81 is a gearmotor which drives a shaft 82 journalled tobase 10, whilst 83 and 84 are pulleys keyed onto said shaft 82 andfurther shaft 85, respectively, creating the loop for cog-belt 3 aforementioned. Afurther pulley 86 likewise keyed to shaft 82 transmits drive by way of abelt 87 toshafts brush 74, respectively. Apulley 88 mounted ontoreturn shaft 85 transmits tofurther shaft 89, this in turn driving abelt 90 whose function is that of turning feed-cylinder shaft 63,cylindrical agitator rod 61 andprismatic rods 60. It will be observed that the gearmotor 8l,being the only source of drive, guarantees synchronous movement of the machine's moving parts. S denotes the coming-together of feed-cylinder 62 and image-transfer cylinder 46-48, whilst S' represents a similar narrowing between the latter and thetile 2 to be docorated. In fig 7, 91 denotes a pair of cog- belts, these carrying tiles forward into the machine; 92 denotes a pair of uprights issuing frombase 10 to whichlateral guides 5 are made fast. Bracket-type fixtures 93 associated withuprights 92 and facing inwards afford support, by way ofsprings 94, to a pair ofguides 95 directing the top branches of saidbelts 91, these being driven by a pair ofdrive pulleys 96 and returned by further,idle pulleys 97, the drive pulleys being keyed to ashaft 98 journalled at either end tobase 10. 99 represents a motorvariator imparting motion toshaft 98 by way of a drive-belt 100. 101 denotes a chain located centrally in the machine at a point between said pair ofbelts 91, and provided with a detent 102 designed to slow up and position thesingle tile 2, saidchain 101 turning at a lesser speed than that ofbelts 91. 103 denotes the drive-sprocket forchain stop 105 halts the passage of the tiles upon triggering of a microswitch not shown. 106 denotes uprights issuing from thebase 10 of the machine, whose function is that of supporting thebox structure 44 within which all the glazing-equipment carried by the machine is housed, 107 denotes a transversely-disposed, hollow glass cylinder havingsolid ends 108 supported in rotation bytrunnions 109, these fitted torespective appendages 110 extending upwards from the side-walls 43 ofbox 44. Atransparency 111 bearing the image for one of the glaze colours to be applied totile 2 isnounted onto a sector of the inside surface of glass-cylinder 107, whilst -likewise inside the cylinder- a vertically disposedreflector 112 andrelative tube lamp 113 are associated with saidtrunnions 109 at either end. 114 is the baffle defining aslot 115, beneath which one has the two staggered sets ofoptic fibres 42 aforementioned, suspended between the two side-walls 43 of box-structure 44, as in the first embodiment described. In fig 8, 116 denotes appendages fromguides 95 which carryconductors 71 aforedescribed. Apulley 117 keyed onto drive-shaft 98 (see fig 10) turns ia cog-belt 118 passing around the following rotary components: theshaft 75 of roller-brush 74,shaft 47 of the image-transfer cylinder 46-48,pulley 119 turning oneend 108 of glass-cylinder 107, the uppermost of the two prismatic agitator-rods 60, andfurther pulley 120 keyed to thesprocket 103driving chain 101. Pulley120 and drive-sprocket 103 are of size such that the speed of saidchain 101 will be less than that of the pair of cog-belts 91 -this in order to enable positioning of thesingle tiles 2 beneath cylinder 46-48 by means of thedetent 102.Pulleys cylinder 107 will be equal to the travel-speed ofbelts 91. Provision is made for a screw-adjustedstretcher 122 acting onbelt 118 at a point betweenpulleys further stretcher 123 tensioned by means of a spring is located betweenpulleys 120 and 117: by workingstretcher 122 back or forth at the turn of its screw,pulley 120 can be made to advance or retard with respect topulley 119 so as to synchronise movement of thetransparency 113 with that of thedetent 102 offered bychain 101, this bringing about the correct timing betweentile 2 andtransparency 113. 124 denotes a pulley keyed to the shaft of the uppermost agitator-rod of the two denoted 60 (prismatic) so as to transmit drive to thelower agitator rod 60, the cylindrical agitator-rod 61, and theshaft 63 of feed-cylinder 62 -this by way of abelt 125 looped around same. Funtion of the machine, in the case of the embodiment as illustrated in figs 1 - 6, is as follows: having sorted the )gearmotor 81 and supplied electrical power to those parts of the machine requiring same in all stages of the line -e.g. three such units as described herein in the case of a glaze-decoration involving three distinct colours- and mounted the three transparencies into their respective slid- singcarriages 12, ti les may be fed onto thebelt 3 appropriately spaced apart, already moistended and given their neutral glaze base-coat. The leader-tile now triggerselectromagnet 40, which engages the trailing top-end 36 of the timing-block 7 with the tooth 6 offered bybelt 3 already propelling tile 02 forward into the machine; thus tooth 6 carries block 7 forward, and occasions movement of thecarri age 12 andtransparency 13 in the opposite direction by way of cable 41-23. As the transparency passes little-by-little beneath the beam emitted bylamp 15, theobtic fibres 42 below project the image line by line onto the top side of transfer-cylinder 46, whoseouter surface 48 is already invested with a uniform positive electric charge produced by the 'corona' phenomenon generated byfilament 49. The clear areas of the transparency allow passage to the light which, as a result, cancel out the corresponding positively-charged areas on 48 of the cylinder passing beneath. Thus,the positively-charged area, or pattern remaining onsurface 48 will correspond to the transparency's dark parts, whilst the boundary of the transparency either matches, or is proportioned to, that of thetile 2 itself. Crosspiece 32' forming part of the timing-block 7 now comes up against therecess 35 offered by longitudinal 25 and, thanks to theincline 34 incorporated thereinto, top-end 36 is freed from tooth 6 of thecarrier belt 3, and thecarriage 12 and timing-block 7 make their respective returns -to-original-position, at the sametime triggering electromagnet 57 whose excitation permits light-emission fromlamp 51 so as to render thetransparency 13 without influence during its return. With the formed image now round at the meeting-point of the twocylinders 62 and 46-48 -clearance at point S narrowing to some few tenths-of-a-millimetre- a dusting of negatively-charged glaze is carried into the narrowed area by the feed-cylinder 62 itself -this by virtue of the fact thatstrips 65 aforementioned are positively- charged by sectorial conductor denoted 66, and thus attract the negatively-charged dry glaze particles. Passing from thence into the negatively-charged sector denoted 67, strips 65 reverse polarity so as to throw the powdered glaze toward area S and onto the facing surface offered by image-transfer cylinder 46-48, still retaining the pattern received from thetransparency 13. The dry glaze adheres to the 'dark' parts ofsurface 48, being positively-charged, though not to those areas already discharged. A remnant will return toward the hopper held by the positively-charged areas of feed-cylinder 62, whilst theparticles 59 held by positive charge onsurface 48 continue toward the second narrowed area, S', where a tile will be moving forward, in receipt of a positive charge from theconductors 71 beneath. At this point,glaze 59 adhering to the dark areas of cylinder-surface 48 are attracted by the positively-charged tile, to whose surface they immediately 'take', according to the image imparted, since the light emitted bylamp 72 earths-out the positive charge carried bysurface 48, and in addition, the base-coat already applied to the tile itself incorporates a bonding agent, as mentioned at the outset. Once the final colour has been thus copied onto the tile, a fix provided by frits or a transparent glaze-compound will provide the protective final coat. Referring now to figs 7-11, funcion comes about thus: - havirg started up themotorvariator 99 and supplied electrical power to all parts of the machines making up the line -e.g. three such units as described herein, in the case of a glaze-decoration involving three distinct colours-and mounted thetransparencies 111 into their three respective glass-cylinders 107, thetiles 2, already moistened and given their neutral glaze base-coat, can be fed onto the pair of carrier cog-blets 91. The tiles will in fact be appropriately spaced apart bystop 105 via triggering of a microswitch timed with thedetent 102 offered bychain 101, such that the detent -travelling at a lesser speed than that of thebelts 91 themselves- is enabled to position the single tiles correctly with respect to said glass-cylinder 107;transparency 111 mounted within the latter being synchronised with saidstop 105 so as to pass over theslot 115 inbaffle 114, the result of which is that the beam emitted fromlamp 113 passes through theoptic fibres 42 so as to project the image line by line ontosurface 48 of the transfer-cylinder 46, this retaining a formed image which will correspond to the transparency's dark area. Once the border of the transparency passes overslot 115, any further image therefrom will be cancelled out automatically from cylinder 46-48 by light emitted fromlamp 51 which projects through theaperture 53 at that point opened up by excitation ofelectromagnet 57, this operated by a cam timed by glass-cylinder 107 itself, The actual image-transfer stages are similar in all respects to that described in the case of the embodiment in figs 1-6. Synchronous movement ofcylinders 107 and 46-48 withtile 2 is obtained by the transmission system which associateschain 101, glass-cylinder 107 and image-transfer cylinder 46-48 by way of a single drive-belt 118 looped around the self-same motor-variator output shaft 99 turningbelts 91. Pulley-diameters are such that the speed travelled bybelts 91 matches the surface-speeds of bothcylinders 107 and 46-48; also, the speed travelled by chain 101 -hence of detent 102- is less than that ofbelts 91, thus permitting correct alignment of thesingle tile 2 with respect to the image revolving oncyli nder 48. Fine adjustment of the tile-position thus obtained, giving perfect alignment both with the image onsurface 48 and with thetransparency 111 itself, is then had by working the screw-operatedstretcher 122, so as to advance or retard pulley 120 (that driving chain 101) with respect to the two cylinders which bring about image-transfer: glass-cylinder 107, and transfer-cylinder 46-48. When carrying the invention into effect, materials, dimensions, constructional and design details such as the shape ofhopper 58, the method of bringing about traverse ofcarriage 12 and timing-block 7 (substituting pulley-drive forsheath 24, for instance), may all differ from those disclosed, whilst remaining equivalent in terms of the art, and by no means straying from within the bounds of protection afforded to the invention by claims as appended. With this in mind, the microswitch which operates stop 105 might well be cam-controlled from theend 108 of glass-cylinder 107, or from theshaft 47 of image-transfer cylinder 46-48, or from the chain's 101 drive-sprocket 103, or even from thedetent 102 offered by said chain, or, indeed, from any other moving part of the machine whose operation is sychronised with saidcylinders 107 and 46-48.
Claims (14)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT83830121T ATE22740T1 (en) | 1982-06-15 | 1983-06-14 | PHOTO-ELECTROSTATIC METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR GLAZING CERAMIC TILES AND FINISHED PRODUCT PRODUCED HEREBY. |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT40074/82A IT1158234B (en) | 1982-06-15 | 1982-06-15 | Glaze decorating ceramic tiles photo-electrostatically |
IT4007482 | 1982-06-15 | ||
IT4005283 | 1983-05-27 | ||
IT40052/83A IT1195501B (en) | 1983-05-27 | 1983-05-27 | Glaze decorating ceramic tiles photo-electrostatically |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0097134A1 true EP0097134A1 (en) | 1983-12-28 |
EP0097134B1 EP0097134B1 (en) | 1986-10-08 |
Family
ID=26329078
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19830830121 Expired EP0097134B1 (en) | 1982-06-15 | 1983-06-14 | Photo-electrostatic method for glaze-decorating ceramic tiles, machine therefor, and end product obtained therefrom |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0097134B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3366755D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES523297A0 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2238985B (en) * | 1989-12-12 | 1994-03-09 | Royal Doulton | Image transfer systems |
DE4239541A1 (en) * | 1992-11-25 | 1994-05-26 | Cerdec Ag | Process for glazing non-metallic substrates |
EP0603530A2 (en) * | 1992-12-24 | 1994-06-29 | Motorola, Inc. | Fused optical layer and method of making |
EP0851306A1 (en) * | 1996-12-24 | 1998-07-01 | Agfa-Gevaert N.V. | A method for electrostatographically producing master images for decoration of ceramic objects |
US5966571A (en) * | 1996-12-24 | 1999-10-12 | Agfa-Gevaert, N.V. | Method for electrostatographically producing master images for decoration of ceramic objects |
EP1020266A2 (en) * | 1999-01-16 | 2000-07-19 | Villeroy & Boch Ag | Device for making ceramic articles |
WO2007096746A2 (en) * | 2006-02-21 | 2007-08-30 | System S.P.A. | Decorating with powder material |
ITMO20120223A1 (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2014-03-21 | System Spa | DECORATING MACHINE USING MATERIAL POWDER OR GRANULES |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20120308774A1 (en) * | 2011-05-13 | 2012-12-06 | Ceraloc Innovation Belgium Bvba | Method of producing a powder layer or a granular layer |
JP7169961B2 (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2022-11-11 | 日本碍子株式会社 | Transfer Jig, Method for Transferring Articles, and Method for Manufacturing Columnar Honeycomb Structure Having Outer Peripheral Coating |
CN111136772A (en) * | 2020-02-14 | 2020-05-12 | 淳安县立亿杯业有限公司 | Automatic glaze dipping machine for ceramic cup |
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GB658699A (en) * | 1948-04-17 | 1951-10-10 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Method of transferring a powder image to a transfer material |
GB892611A (en) * | 1957-07-10 | 1962-03-28 | Mason & Sons Ltd E N | Process and apparatus for copying by transfer |
FR1526998A (en) * | 1967-02-17 | 1968-05-31 | Equipment for industrial decoration of ceramic products by electrification | |
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GB1444368A (en) * | 1973-03-20 | 1976-07-28 | Ici Ltd | Colouration process |
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BE883252A (en) * | 1980-05-13 | 1980-11-13 | Neselco As | METHOD OF DRY SENSITIZATION OF AN INSULATING SURFACE AND POWDER FOR USE WITH THIS METHOD |
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1983
- 1983-06-14 EP EP19830830121 patent/EP0097134B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-06-14 DE DE8383830121T patent/DE3366755D1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-06-15 ES ES523297A patent/ES523297A0/en active Granted
Patent Citations (7)
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GB658699A (en) * | 1948-04-17 | 1951-10-10 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Method of transferring a powder image to a transfer material |
GB892611A (en) * | 1957-07-10 | 1962-03-28 | Mason & Sons Ltd E N | Process and apparatus for copying by transfer |
FR1526998A (en) * | 1967-02-17 | 1968-05-31 | Equipment for industrial decoration of ceramic products by electrification | |
GB1444368A (en) * | 1973-03-20 | 1976-07-28 | Ici Ltd | Colouration process |
US3917881A (en) * | 1974-04-01 | 1975-11-04 | Addressograph Multigraph | Electrostatic toner transfer |
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Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2238985B (en) * | 1989-12-12 | 1994-03-09 | Royal Doulton | Image transfer systems |
DE4239541A1 (en) * | 1992-11-25 | 1994-05-26 | Cerdec Ag | Process for glazing non-metallic substrates |
EP0603530A2 (en) * | 1992-12-24 | 1994-06-29 | Motorola, Inc. | Fused optical layer and method of making |
EP0603530A3 (en) * | 1992-12-24 | 1995-01-11 | Motorola Inc | Fused optical layer and method of making. |
EP0851306A1 (en) * | 1996-12-24 | 1998-07-01 | Agfa-Gevaert N.V. | A method for electrostatographically producing master images for decoration of ceramic objects |
US5966571A (en) * | 1996-12-24 | 1999-10-12 | Agfa-Gevaert, N.V. | Method for electrostatographically producing master images for decoration of ceramic objects |
EP1020266A3 (en) * | 1999-01-16 | 2002-07-31 | Villeroy & Boch Ag | Device for making ceramic articles |
DE19901533A1 (en) * | 1999-01-16 | 2000-07-27 | Villeroy & Boch | Device for the production of ceramic blanks |
EP1020266A2 (en) * | 1999-01-16 | 2000-07-19 | Villeroy & Boch Ag | Device for making ceramic articles |
DE19901533C2 (en) * | 1999-01-16 | 2003-04-10 | Villeroy & Boch | Device for the production of decorative or glaze ceramic blanks |
WO2007096746A2 (en) * | 2006-02-21 | 2007-08-30 | System S.P.A. | Decorating with powder material |
WO2007096746A3 (en) * | 2006-02-21 | 2008-05-29 | Mira Di Algeri Maris | Decorating with powder material |
JP2009527374A (en) * | 2006-02-21 | 2009-07-30 | システム ソチエタ ペル アツィオニ | Decoration with powder material |
US8337947B2 (en) | 2006-02-21 | 2012-12-25 | System S.P.A. | Decorating with powder material |
KR101395732B1 (en) * | 2006-02-21 | 2014-05-21 | 시스템 에스.피.에이. | Decorating with powder material |
ITMO20120223A1 (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2014-03-21 | System Spa | DECORATING MACHINE USING MATERIAL POWDER OR GRANULES |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES8504557A1 (en) | 1985-05-01 |
DE3366755D1 (en) | 1986-11-13 |
EP0097134B1 (en) | 1986-10-08 |
ES523297A0 (en) | 1985-05-01 |
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