EP0097069A1 - Method for the installation of a platform in the sea, platform superstructure for carrying out this method - Google Patents

Method for the installation of a platform in the sea, platform superstructure for carrying out this method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0097069A1
EP0097069A1 EP83400991A EP83400991A EP0097069A1 EP 0097069 A1 EP0097069 A1 EP 0097069A1 EP 83400991 A EP83400991 A EP 83400991A EP 83400991 A EP83400991 A EP 83400991A EP 0097069 A1 EP0097069 A1 EP 0097069A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
superstructure
floats
infrastructure
barge
platform
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP83400991A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0097069B1 (en
Inventor
Yves Pol Wautelet
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Technip Geoproduction SA
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Technip Geoproduction SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0097069A1 publication Critical patent/EP0097069A1/en
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Publication of EP0097069B1 publication Critical patent/EP0097069B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto

Definitions

  • the present invention essentially relates to a method of installing a fixed platform at sea.
  • the present invention aims to remedy the above drawbacks in particular by proposing a new method of installing a fixed platform, which method requires minimum work at sea, allows rapid reliable and safe positioning of the superstructure on the infrastructure of the platform, and therefore remains of a relatively low total cost and in any case clearly inferBur to conventional methods.
  • the essential object of the invention is a method of installing a fixed platform at sea. and of the type consisting in conveying a superstructure by barge for example towards the site of implantation of the platform and in installing this superstructure on an infrastructure resting on the bottom of the sea to thus erect said platform, characterized in that said superstructure having itself been made floating by removable temporary floats, it is conveyed and it is thus positioned in line with the infrastructure, then after having secured the superstructure of the infrastructure, said floats are removed from below the superstructure.
  • the superstructure conveyed by the barge initially comprises the aforementioned floats and the barge is optionally sunk or submerged to a sufficient depth near the infrastructure to then allow the aforementioned routing and positioning of the infrastructure law superstructure.
  • the superstructure conveyed by the barge does not initially comprise the above-mentioned floats, these being substituted for the barge only near the infrastructure.
  • the superstructure is maintained resting on its batteries, the barge is ballasted, and the floats are interposed between the barge and the underside of the superstructure.
  • the positioning in the horizontal plane of the superstructure in line with the infrastructure is carried out by hauling on hawsers, chains or the like connecting the infrastructure to the floats and / or to the superstructure .
  • the method of the invention is further characterized in that the positioning of the superstructure on the infrastructure in the vertical direction can be carried out by ballasting of the floats and / or by actuation of jacks integral with the superstructure, and / or by vertical traction on the infrastructure by means of at least one winch and cables for example.
  • the invention also relates to a superstructure of the platform for the execution of the above method, characterized in that it is provided with at least two removable floats.
  • each aforementioned float can be connected to the superstructure by means of a removable support forming, for example, a lattice structure.
  • floats have for example a parallelepiped shape surmounted by two projecting parts and possibly include stabilization flaps which can be adjustable.
  • floats and / or the superstructure are provided with winches, while piles or columns actuated by jacks, as known per se, can be provided on the superstructure in particular for mounting it on the infrastructure.
  • the invention further relates to a fixed platform at sea obtained by the method and using a superstructure meeting the above-mentioned characteristics.
  • a platform superstructure 1 is built on a site and rests on the ground 2 by means of rails 3 for example.
  • the superstructure 1 forms a lattice structure, but could be constituted otherwise, without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • Cylinders 4, of a type known per se and for example eight in number, are integral with the superstructure 1 and are capable of actuating columns or stacks 5 allowing the lowering or lifting of the superstructure 1.
  • the superstructure 1 is raised relative to the ground 2 by means of the jacks 4, so as to allow, in accordance with the invention, insertion and mounting under said superstructure , two floats 6 better visible in FIG. 9.
  • floats 6 have, according to a preferred embodiment, a substantially parallelepiped shape and are each surmounted, at their respective ends, by two projecting parts 6a.
  • the parts 6a advantageously give the bridge 1-floats 6 assembly a behavior close to that of a semi-submersible platform, as will be seen below.
  • the floats 6 can be made of any suitable material and, as seen in FIG. 9, can include various accessories such as removable and / or adjustable stabilization flaps 7.
  • the floats 6 are connected to the structure 1 via a support 8 preferably forming a lattice structure. These supports 8 are advantageously removable, as are consequently the floats 6 which can thus be described as temporary and removable floating elements.
  • the batteries 5 are raised using the jacks 4, so that the superstructure 1 rests on the ground 2 by means of the floats 6
  • the 1-float deck assembly 6 is loaded, by sliding on the rails 3, onto a barge 9, as shown in laftgure 3. After securing the assembly to the barge 9, the transoceanic towing from the construction site near the installation site is carried out.
  • the superstructure 1 on the barge 9 is removed, and said barge is ballasted, submerged or possibly sunk.
  • the superstructure 1 is launched and floats by means of the floats 6, as can be seen well on figure 4.
  • the superstructure 1 is then towed to the final installation site where an infrastructure 10 has been installed, with eight piers 11 for example, as clearly appears in FIG. 5 where we see said infrastructure which rests or is fixed on the bottom 12 of the sea 13 by any appropriate means.
  • hawsers, chains or the like 15 connect the floats 6 (or also the superstructure 1) to the infrastructure 10, and more particularly to the four central stacks 11a of this infrastructure.
  • the superstructure 1 can be positioned precisely in the horizontal plane above the infrastructure 10.
  • the floats 6 which support the superstructure 10 somewhat in the manner of a catamaran, squeeze between the 11 stacks of the infrastructure.
  • the superstructure 1 is thus correctly positioned in the horizontal plane above the infrastructure, it is necessary to remove the batteries 5 of the superstructure on the corresponding piles 11 of the infrastructure. To carry out this removal, it is possible to ballast the floats 6 as seen in FIG. 5 if we compare it to FIG. 4. It should be noted here, that a partial ballasting of these floats can be carried out before the removal of the superstructure 1, which advantageously gives it a semi-submersible behavior when towing.
  • the platform is practically carried out and is in the position illustrated in FIG. 8. It is possible, if necessary, to simultaneously actuate the jacks 4 to raise the superstructure 1 to its final level above the sea. During this lifting, the floats 6 advantageously assist the jacks 4, and then the floats 6 and the intermediate structure 8 can be removed, it being understood that they can be reused later.
  • the superstructure 1 conveyed by the transport barge 9 is not initially, that is to say on the manufacturing site, equipped with floats 6 according to the invention.
  • this superstructure 1 is transported alone up to the proximity of the infrastructure 10, in a protected site and in relatively shallow water. It is here that the floats 6 are substituted for the barge 9, in the following manner.
  • the superstructure 1 is held in abutment by its piles 5 on the bottom 12 of the sea, and this by actuation of the jacks 4.
  • the barge 9 is then ballasted as indicated by the arrow 14, and the floats 6 are interposed between the barge 9 and the underside of the superstructure 1.
  • the transfer operation on the floats being thus carried out, as can be seen in FIG. 11, it then suffices to raise the piles 5 by action on the jacks 4 and to tow the bridge or structure floating 1 towards the infrastructure 10 to position it horizontally and vertically as described in detail above.

Abstract

1. Method of installing a stationary platform off-shore and of the type consisting in forwarding a superstructure through floating to the platform set-up site, positioning this superstructure above an understructure resting already on the sea bottom and lowereing the superstructure to provide for its positioning onto the understructure and thus erecting the said platform, characterized in that the said superstructure being initially provided with removable provisional floats, it is conveyed with a barge to the proximity of the understructure, the barge is sunk or immersed to a depth sufficient for allowing the floating of the superstructure owing to its provisional floats, the superstructure is then conveyed through floating to above the understructure and then after lowering of the superstructure to bring it into engagement with the understructure and after assembling both structures together, the provisional floats are withdrawn from underneath the superstructure.

Description

La présente invention a essentiellement pour objet un procédé d'installation d'une plateforme fixe en mer.The present invention essentially relates to a method of installing a fixed platform at sea.

Elle vise également une superstructure de plateforme permettant l'exécution de ce procédé, ainsi que la plate-forme finalement obtenue.It also targets a platform superstructure allowing the execution of this process, as well as the platform finally obtained.

On sait que les plateformes fixes se composent, d'une manière générale, de deux ensembles, à savoir une infrastructure reposant sur le fond de la mer et une superstructure qui est supportée, au-dessus du niveau de la mer, par l'infrastructure. Pour réaliser l'assemblage en mer de ces deux ensembles sur un site d'implantation choisi, on a déjà proposé diverses solutions parmi lesquelles on citera les suivantes.We know that fixed platforms are generally made up of two sets, namely an infrastructure resting on the seabed and a superstructure which is supported, above sea level, by the infrastructure . In order to assemble these two assemblies at sea on a chosen site, various solutions have already been proposed, among which the following will be cited.

L'infrastructure et la superstructure, toutes deux construites sous forme modulaire, sont transportées sur des barge-grues jusqu'au site d'implantation où l'on assemble les divers modules pour ainsi ériger la plateforme. Comme on le comprend, cette manière de procéder exige un travail important sur site d'assemblage et de raccordement des divers modules, de sorte qu'au total le coût résultant de la main d'oeuvre et de l'important travail à effectuer en mer, est actuellement prohibitif.The infrastructure and superstructure, both built in modular form, are transported on crane barges to the site where the various modules are assembled, thereby erecting the platform. As can be understood, this way of proceeding requires significant work on site to assemble and connect the various modules, so that in total the cost resulting from the labor and the important work to be done at sea is currently prohibitive.

On a alors proposé d'acheminer la superstructure en un seul bloc sur une barge jusqu'au site d'implantation, à l'endroit où est fixée ltnfrastructure au fond de la mer. Plus précisément, on fait passer la barge entre les piles ou colonnes de l'infrastructure, puis on ballaste la barge pour positionner ainsi la superstructure au droit de l'infrastructure, ce après quoi on retire la barge et on procède bien entendu aux divers raccordements nécessaires des deux ensembles. Toutefois, cette manière de faire présente encore de nombreux inconvénients. En effet, il faut que la construction de l'ouvrage soit adaptée à la barge, et il y a de grosses difficultés de dépose de la superstructure sur l'infrastructure en raison des mouvements de houle impartis à la barge. En d'autres termes, le positionnement tant horizontal que vertical de la superstructure pose de gros problèmes en cas de houle, et il peut en résulter des risques d'imprécision d'assemblage, et même d'accidents lors de l'assemblage ou postérieurement à celui-ci.It was then proposed to route the superstructure in a single block on a barge to the site of implantation, at the place where the infrastructure is fixed to the sea bottom. More specifically, the barge is passed between the piers or columns of the infrastructure, then the barge is ballasted to position the superstructure in line with the infrastructure, after which the barge is removed and of course the various necessary connections of the two sets are made. However, this way of doing things still has many disadvantages. Indeed, it is necessary that the construction of the structure is adapted to the barge, and there are great difficulties in depositing the superstructure on the infrastructure due to the swell movements imparted to the barge. In other words, the horizontal and vertical positioning of the superstructure poses major problems in the event of swell, and this can result in risks of imprecision in assembly, and even accidents during assembly or later. to this one.

La présente invention a pour but de remédier notamment aux inconvénients ci-dessus en proposant un nouveau procédé d'installation d'une plateforme fixe, lequel procédé exige un travail minimum en mer, permet un positionnement rapide fiable et sûr de la superstructure sur l'infrastructure de la plateforme, et demeure par conséquent d'un coût total relativement faible et en tout cas nettement inférBur aux procédés classiques.The present invention aims to remedy the above drawbacks in particular by proposing a new method of installing a fixed platform, which method requires minimum work at sea, allows rapid reliable and safe positioning of the superstructure on the infrastructure of the platform, and therefore remains of a relatively low total cost and in any case clearly inferBur to conventional methods.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet essentiel un procédé d'installation d'une plateforme fixe en mer et du type consistant à acheminer une superstructure par barge par exemple vers le site d'implantation de la plateforme et à mettre en place cette superstructure sur une infrastructure reposant sur le fond de la mer pour ainsi ériger ladite plateforme, caractérisé en ce que ladite superstructure ayant elle-même été rendue flottante par des flotteurs provisoires amovibles, on l'achemine et on la positionne ainsi au droit de l'infrastructure, puis après avoir solidarisé la superstructure de l'infrastructure, on retire lesdits flotteurs du dessous de la superstructure.To this end, the essential object of the invention is a method of installing a fixed platform at sea. and of the type consisting in conveying a superstructure by barge for example towards the site of implantation of the platform and in installing this superstructure on an infrastructure resting on the bottom of the sea to thus erect said platform, characterized in that said superstructure having itself been made floating by removable temporary floats, it is conveyed and it is thus positioned in line with the infrastructure, then after having secured the superstructure of the infrastructure, said floats are removed from below the superstructure.

Ori comprend donc déjà que le transport océanique de la superstructure depuis le chantier de construction est effectué par une barge par exemple jusqu'à proximité du site de pose et, à ce moment là, ce sont les flotteurs qui, substitués à la barge, permettent un acheminement et un positionnement précis et rigoureux de la superstructure sur l'infrastructure.Ori therefore already understands that the oceanic transport of the superstructure from the construction site is carried out by a barge for example up to the vicinity of the installation site and, at that time, it is the floats which, substituted for the barge, allow precise and rigorous routing and positioning of the superstructure on the infrastructure.

Suivant une autre caractéristique de ce procédé, la superstructure acheminée par la barge comporte initialement les flotteurs précités et on coule éventuellement la barge ou on la submerge à une profondeur suffisante à proximité de l'infrastructure pour permettre ensuite l'acheminement et le positionnement précités de la superstructure au droit de l'infrastructure.According to another characteristic of this process, the superstructure conveyed by the barge initially comprises the aforementioned floats and the barge is optionally sunk or submerged to a sufficient depth near the infrastructure to then allow the aforementioned routing and positioning of the infrastructure law superstructure.

Suivant unevariante du procédé de l'invention, la superstructure acheminée par la barge ne comporte pas initialement les flotteurs précités, ceux-ci n'étant substitués à la barge qu'à proximité de l'infrastructure.According to a variant of the method of the invention, the superstructure conveyed by the barge does not initially comprise the above-mentioned floats, these being substituted for the barge only near the infrastructure.

Dans ce cas là, pour substituer les flotteurs à la barge de transport, on maintient la superstructure en appui sur ses piles, on ballaste la barge, et on interpose les flotteurs entre la barge et le dessous de la superstructure.In this case, to replace the floats for the transport barge, the superstructure is maintained resting on its batteries, the barge is ballasted, and the floats are interposed between the barge and the underside of the superstructure.

Suivant encore une autre caractéristique du procédé de l'invention, le positionnement dans le plan horizontal de la superstructure au droit de l'infrastructure est effectué par halage sur des aussières, chaînes ou analogues reliant l'infrastructure aux flotteurs et/ou à la superstructure.According to yet another characteristic of the method of the invention, the positioning in the horizontal plane of the superstructure in line with the infrastructure is carried out by hauling on hawsers, chains or the like connecting the infrastructure to the floats and / or to the superstructure .

Le procédé de l'invention est encore caractérisé en ce que le positionnement de la superstructure sur l'infrastructure dans le sens vertical peut être effectué par ballastage des flotteurs et/ou par actionnement de vérins solidaires de la superstructure, et/ou par traction verticale sur l'infrastructure au moyen d'au moins un treuil et de câbles par exemple.The method of the invention is further characterized in that the positioning of the superstructure on the infrastructure in the vertical direction can be carried out by ballasting of the floats and / or by actuation of jacks integral with the superstructure, and / or by vertical traction on the infrastructure by means of at least one winch and cables for example.

L'invention vise également une superstructure de la plateforme pour l'exécution du procédé ci-dessus, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est pourvue d'au moins deux flotteurs démontables.The invention also relates to a superstructure of the platform for the execution of the above method, characterized in that it is provided with at least two removable floats.

Cette superstructure est également caractérisée par le fait que chaque flotteur précité peut être relié à la superstructure par l'intermédiaire d'un support démontable formant par exemple une structure en treillis.This superstructure is also characterized in that each aforementioned float can be connected to the superstructure by means of a removable support forming, for example, a lattice structure.

On ajoutera encore ici que les flotteurs précités présentent par exemple une forme parallèlépipédique surmontée par deux parties en saillie et comportent éventuellement des volets de stabilisation pouvant être réglables.It will also be added here that the aforementioned floats have for example a parallelepiped shape surmounted by two projecting parts and possibly include stabilization flaps which can be adjustable.

Les flotteurs précités et/ou la superstructure sont munis de treuils, tandis que des piles ou colonnes actionnables par vérins, comme connus en soi, peuvent être prévues sur la superstructure pour notamment la monter sur l'infrastructure.The above-mentioned floats and / or the superstructure are provided with winches, while piles or columns actuated by jacks, as known per se, can be provided on the superstructure in particular for mounting it on the infrastructure.

On notera encore ici que l'invention vise en outre une plateforme fixe en mer obtenue par le procédé et à l'aide d'une superstructure répondant aux caractéristiques susmentionnées.It will also be noted here that the invention further relates to a fixed platform at sea obtained by the method and using a superstructure meeting the above-mentioned characteristics.

Mais d'autres avantages et particularités de l'invention apparaîtront mieux dans la description détaillée qui suit et se réfère aux dessins schématiques annexés, donnés uniquement à titre d'exemple, et dans lesquels :

  • La figure 1 est une vue schématique enéLévation d'une superstructure de plateforme fabriquée sur un chantier,
  • La figure 2 est une vue en élévation de cette superstructure sous laquelle on a fixé des flotteurs provisoires amovibles conformément à l'invention.
  • La figure 3 est une vue schématique de la superstructure en position de transport sur une barge.
  • La figure 4 est une vue schématique de la superstructure en position de flottaison et prête à être acheminée au droit d'une infrastructure.
  • La figure 5 est une vue schématique de la superstructure en position de dépose sur l'infrastructure.
  • Les figures 6 et 7 sont des vues en plan illustrant un exemple d'arrimage et de halage de la superstructure pour l'amener au droit de l'infrastructure dans le plan horizontal.
  • La figure 8 est une vue de l'ouvrage en position assemblée.
  • La figure 9 est une vue en perspective d'un flotteur, et
  • Les figures 10 et 11 illustrent schématiquement une variante du procédé selon l'invention.
However, other advantages and particularities of the invention will appear better in the detailed description which follows and which refers to the appended schematic drawings, given solely by way of example, and in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view in elevation of a platform superstructure manufactured on a site,
  • FIG. 2 is an elevation view of this superstructure under which removable temporary floats have been fixed in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the superstructure in the transport position on a barge.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of the superstructure in the floating position and ready to be routed to the right of an infrastructure.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the superstructure in the removal position on the infrastructure.
  • Figures 6 and 7 are plan views illustrating an example of securing and hauling the superstructure to bring it to the right of the infrastructure in the horizontal plane.
  • Figure 8 is a view of the work in the assembled position.
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a float, and
  • Figures 10 and 11 schematically illustrate a variant of the method according to the invention.

On décrira simultanément,en se reportant aux dessins annexés, la séquence des opérations d'installation de la superstructure, en même temps que les moyens selon l'invention pour procéder à cette installation.The sequence of installation operations for the superstructure will be described simultaneously with reference to the accompanying drawings, together with the means according to the invention for carrying out this installation.

Suivant un exemple de réalisation et en se reportant à la figure 1, une superstructure de plateforme 1 est construite sur un chantier et repose sur le sol 2 par l'intermédiaire de rails 3 par exemple. Suivant l'exemple représenté, la superstructure 1 forme une structure en treillis, mais pourrait être constituée autrement, et ce sans sortir du cadre de l'invention. Des vérins 4, d'un type connu en soi et par exemple au nombre de huit, sont solidaires de la superstructure 1 et sont susceptibles d'actionner des colonnes ou piles 5 permettant l'abaissement ou le soulèvement de la superstructure 1 .According to an exemplary embodiment and with reference to FIG. 1, a platform superstructure 1 is built on a site and rests on the ground 2 by means of rails 3 for example. According to the example shown, the superstructure 1 forms a lattice structure, but could be constituted otherwise, without departing from the scope of the invention. Cylinders 4, of a type known per se and for example eight in number, are integral with the superstructure 1 and are capable of actuating columns or stacks 5 allowing the lowering or lifting of the superstructure 1.

Ainsi, après construction et comme on le voit sur la figure 2, la superstructure 1 est soulevée par rapport au sol 2 au moyen des vérins 4, de façon à permettre, conformément à l'invention, l'insertion et le montage sous ladite superstructure, de deux flotteurs 6 mieux visibles sur la figure 9.Thus, after construction and as seen in FIG. 2, the superstructure 1 is raised relative to the ground 2 by means of the jacks 4, so as to allow, in accordance with the invention, insertion and mounting under said superstructure , two floats 6 better visible in FIG. 9.

Ces flotteurs 6 présentent, suivant une réalisation préférée, une forme sensiblement parallèlépipédique et sont chacun surmontés, à leurs extrémités respectives, de deux parties en saillie 6a. Lorsque les flotteurs 6 sont ballastés, les parties 6a confèrent avantageusement à l'ensemble pont 1-flotteurs 6 un comportement proche de celui d'une plateforme semi-submersible, comme on le verra plus loin. Les flotteurs 6 peuvent être réalisés en tout matériau approprié et, comme on le voit sur la figure 9, peuvent comporter divers accessoires tels que des volets amovibles et/ou réglables de stabilisation 7.These floats 6 have, according to a preferred embodiment, a substantially parallelepiped shape and are each surmounted, at their respective ends, by two projecting parts 6a. When the floats 6 are ballasted, the parts 6a advantageously give the bridge 1-floats 6 assembly a behavior close to that of a semi-submersible platform, as will be seen below. The floats 6 can be made of any suitable material and, as seen in FIG. 9, can include various accessories such as removable and / or adjustable stabilization flaps 7.

Revenant à la figure 2, on voit que les flotteurs 6 sont reliés à la structure 1 par l'intermédiaire d'un support 8 formant de préférence une structure en treillis. Ces supports 8 sont avantageusement démontables, de même que le sont par conséquent les flotteurs 6 que l'on peut ainsi qualifier d'éléments flottants provisoires et amovibles.Returning to FIG. 2, it can be seen that the floats 6 are connected to the structure 1 via a support 8 preferably forming a lattice structure. These supports 8 are advantageously removable, as are consequently the floats 6 which can thus be described as temporary and removable floating elements.

Le montage des fbtteurs 6 ayant été ainsi effectué, comme on le voit sur la figure 2, on relève les piles 5 à l'aide des vérins 4, de sorte que la superstructure 1 repose sur le sol 2 par l'intermédiaire des flotteurs 6. Et, l'ensemble pont 1-flotteurs 6 est chargé, par glissement sur les rails 3, sur une barge 9, comme cela est représenté sur laftgure 3. Après arrimage de l'ensemble sur la barge 9, le remorquage transocéanique depuis le chantier de construction jusqu'à proximité du site de pose, est effectué.The mounting of the fbtters 6 having been thus carried out, as can be seen in FIG. 2, the batteries 5 are raised using the jacks 4, so that the superstructure 1 rests on the ground 2 by means of the floats 6 And, the 1-float deck assembly 6 is loaded, by sliding on the rails 3, onto a barge 9, as shown in laftgure 3. After securing the assembly to the barge 9, the transoceanic towing from the construction site near the installation site is carried out.

A cet endroit, lorsque les conditions météorologiques sont favorables, l'arrimage de la superstructure 1 sur la barge 9 est enlevé, et ladite barge est ballastée, submergée ou éventuellement coulée. Ainsi,la superstructure 1 se trouve mise à l'eau et flotte par l'intermédiaire des flotteurs 6, comme on le voit bien sur la figure 4.At this location, when the weather conditions are favorable, the stowage of the superstructure 1 on the barge 9 is removed, and said barge is ballasted, submerged or possibly sunk. Thus, the superstructure 1 is launched and floats by means of the floats 6, as can be seen well on figure 4.

On notera qu'à ce stade, la barge de transport 9 peut bien sûr être renflouée après déplacement de la superstructure 1 sur ses flotteurs 6.It will be noted that at this stage, the transport barge 9 can of course be bailed out after displacement of the superstructure 1 on its floats 6.

La superstructure 1 est alors remorquée jusqu'au site d'implantation définitif où a été installée une infrastructure 10, à huit piles 11 par exemple, comme cela apparaît clairement sur la figure 5 où l'on voit ladite infrastructure qui repose ou est fixée sur le fond 12 de la mer 13 par tout moyen approprié.The superstructure 1 is then towed to the final installation site where an infrastructure 10 has been installed, with eight piers 11 for example, as clearly appears in FIG. 5 where we see said infrastructure which rests or is fixed on the bottom 12 of the sea 13 by any appropriate means.

C'est à ce stade que les flotteurs provisoires 6 selon l'invention trouvent leur pleine justification, car Is permettent un positionnement précis, fiable et rapide de la superstructure 1 au droit de l'infrastructure 10, et ce tant dans le plan horizontal que dansle plan vertical, comme on l'expliquera plus en détail ci-après.It is at this stage that the temporary floats 6 according to the invention find their full justification, because Is allow precise, reliable and rapid positioning of the superstructure 1 in line with the infrastructure 10, both in the horizontal plane and in the vertical plane, as will be explained in more detail below.

Comme on le voit sur les figures 6 et 7, des aussières, chaînes ou analogues 15 relient les flotteurs 6 (ou encore la superstructure 1), à l'infrastructure 10, et plus particulièrement aux quatre piles centrales 11a de cette infrastructure. Ainsi, par halage sur les aussières ou analogues 15, la superstructure 1 peut être positionnée précisément dans le plan horizontal au-dessus de l'infrastructure 10. Autrement dit, les flotteurs 6 qui supportent la superstructure 10, un peu à la manière d'un catamaran, se faufilent entre les piles 11 de l'infrastructure.As can be seen in FIGS. 6 and 7, hawsers, chains or the like 15 connect the floats 6 (or also the superstructure 1) to the infrastructure 10, and more particularly to the four central stacks 11a of this infrastructure. Thus, by hauling on the hawsers or the like 15, the superstructure 1 can be positioned precisely in the horizontal plane above the infrastructure 10. In other words, the floats 6 which support the superstructure 10, somewhat in the manner of a catamaran, squeeze between the 11 stacks of the infrastructure.

La superstructure 1 étant ainsi correctement positionnée dans le plan horizontal au-dessus de l'infrastructure, il convient de procéder à la dépose des piles 5 de la superstructure sur les piles correspondantes 11 de l'infrastructure. Pour procéder à cette dépose, on peut procéder au ballastage des flotteurs 6 comme on le voit sur la figure 5 si on la compare à la figure 4. Il est à noter ici, qu'un ballastage partiel de ces flotteurs peut être effectué avant la dépose de la superstructure 1, ce qui confère avantageusement à celle-ci un comportement d'engin semi-submersible lors du remorquage.The superstructure 1 is thus correctly positioned in the horizontal plane above the infrastructure, it is necessary to remove the batteries 5 of the superstructure on the corresponding piles 11 of the infrastructure. To carry out this removal, it is possible to ballast the floats 6 as seen in FIG. 5 if we compare it to FIG. 4. It should be noted here, that a partial ballasting of these floats can be carried out before the removal of the superstructure 1, which advantageously gives it a semi-submersible behavior when towing.

En plus du ballastage des flotteurs 6 pour la dépose sur l'infrastructure 10, on peut actionner les vérins 4 qui permettront aux piles 5 de coopérer avec les piles correspondantes 11 de l'infrastructure afin de permettre ainsi le blocage de la superstructure 1 dans le plan horizontal. Enfin, suivant une façon de procéder particulièrement avantageuse, on peut, pour réaliser la dépose, effectuer une traction verticale sur l'infrastructure 10 au moyen d'au moins un treuil (non représenté) et de câbles par exemple. Autrement dit, en actionnant le treuil, qui par exemple est monté sur l'un des flotteurs 6 et peut aussi servir pour le halage de la superstructure 1 comme expliqué précédemment, on fera plonger lesflotteurs 6 et donc la superstructure 1 qui viendra, par approches successives par exemple, se positionner sur les piles 11 de l'infrastructure.In addition to the ballasting of the floats 6 for depositing on the infrastructure 10, it is possible to actuate the jacks 4 which will allow the batteries 5 to cooperate with the corresponding batteries 11 of the infrastructure so as to allow the blocking of the superstructure 1 in the horizontal plane. Finally, according to a particularly advantageous procedure, it is possible, to carry out the removal, to carry out a vertical traction on the infrastructure 10 by means of at least one winch (not shown) and cables for example. In other words, by actuating the winch, which for example is mounted on one of the floats 6 and can also be used for hauling the superstructure 1 as explained previously, the floats 6 and therefore the superstructure 1 which will come, will be plunged by approaches successive for example, position themselves on the batteries 11 of the infrastructure.

L'opération de dépose ayant ainsi été réalisée par l'un et/ou l'autre des moyens précités, la plateforme est pratiquement réalisée et se trouve dans la position illustrée par la figure 8. On peut si nécessaire actionner simultanément les vérins 4 pour lever la superstructure 1 à son niveau définitif au-dessus de la mer. Pendant ce soulèvement, les flotteurs 6 assistent avantageusement les vérins 4, et ensuite les flotteurs 6 ainsi que la structure intermédiaire 8 peuvent être retirés, étant bien entendu qu'ils peuvent être réutilisables par la suite.The removal operation having thus been carried out by one and / or the other of the aforementioned means, the platform is practically carried out and is in the position illustrated in FIG. 8. It is possible, if necessary, to simultaneously actuate the jacks 4 to raise the superstructure 1 to its final level above the sea. During this lifting, the floats 6 advantageously assist the jacks 4, and then the floats 6 and the intermediate structure 8 can be removed, it being understood that they can be reused later.

On n'insistera pas ici sur toutes les opérations annexes qui consistent à enlever les aussières 15, à exécuter les liaisons nécessaires entre la superstructure 1 et l'infrastructure 10 après assemblage ou à retirer les vérins 4 et les longueurs excédentaires des piles 5. Toutes ces opérations sont annexes, et sont, d'une manière générale, connues en soi.We will not insist here on all the additional operations which consist in removing the hawsers 15, in carrying out the necessary connections between the superstructure 1 and the infrastructure 10 after assembly or in removing the jacks 4 and the excess lengths of the piers 5. All these operations are ancillary, and are generally known per se.

Par contre, il convient d'insister ici sur les nombreux avantages procurés par les flotteurs provisoires 6 dont les dimensions sont déterminées et optimisées afin notamment de permettre leur introduction entre les piles 11 de l'infrastructure 10, de réduire considérablement les mouvements de la superstructure 1 lors de son accostage sur l'infrastructure 10, ce qui ne serait pas le cas avec une barge de transport, et de participer à la dépose de la superstructure dans le plan vertical.On the other hand, it should be emphasized here on the numerous advantages provided by the temporary floats 6, the dimensions of which are determined and optimized in order in particular to allow their introduction between the piles 11 of the infrastructure 10, to considerably reduce the movements of the superstructure. 1 during its docking on the infrastructure 10, which would not be the case with a transport barge, and to participate in the removal of the superstructure in the vertical plane.

Suivant la variante illustrée sur les figures 10 et 11, la superstructure 1 acheminée par la barge de transport 9 n'est pas initialement, c'est-à-dire sur le chantier de fabrication, équipée des flotteurs 6 selon l'invention. Autrement dit, cette superstructure 1 est transportée seule jusqu'à proximité de l'infrastructure 10, dans un site protégé et en eau relativement peu profonde. C'est ici que l'on substitue les flotteurs 6 à la barge 9, de la façon suivante.According to the variant illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11, the superstructure 1 conveyed by the transport barge 9 is not initially, that is to say on the manufacturing site, equipped with floats 6 according to the invention. In other words, this superstructure 1 is transported alone up to the proximity of the infrastructure 10, in a protected site and in relatively shallow water. It is here that the floats 6 are substituted for the barge 9, in the following manner.

Comme on le voit sur la figure 10, la superstructure 1 est maintτue en appui par ses piles 5 sur le fond 12 de la mer, et ce par actionnement des vérins 4. La barge 9 est alors ballastée comme indiqué par la flèche 14, et on interpose les flotteurs 6 entre la barge 9 et le dessous de la superstructure 1. L'opération de transfert sur les flotteurs étant ainsi réalisée, comme on le voit sur la figure 11, il suffit alors de relever les piles 5 par action sur les vérins 4 et de remorquer le pont ou structure flottante 1 vers l'infrastructure 10 pour la positionner horizontalement et verticalement comme cela a été décrit en détail précédemment.As can be seen in FIG. 10, the superstructure 1 is held in abutment by its piles 5 on the bottom 12 of the sea, and this by actuation of the jacks 4. The barge 9 is then ballasted as indicated by the arrow 14, and the floats 6 are interposed between the barge 9 and the underside of the superstructure 1. The transfer operation on the floats being thus carried out, as can be seen in FIG. 11, it then suffices to raise the piles 5 by action on the jacks 4 and to tow the bridge or structure floating 1 towards the infrastructure 10 to position it horizontally and vertically as described in detail above.

On ajoutera ici qu'au lieu de substituter les flotteurs à la barge par appui de la superstructure sur ses piles 5 de part et d'autre de ladite barge, comme on l'a dit précédemment, on pourrait parfaitement procéder autrement, par exemple par glissement à terre de la superstructure 1, puis glissement de cette dernière sur les flotteurs. Dans cet ordre d'idées, on pourrait aussi créer deux bassins pour les flotteurs et construire et placer ces flotteurs dans les bassins pour ensuite construire la superstructure au-dessus des flotteurs, étant entendu que la mise à l'eau se ferait par ouverture des bassins sur la mer.We will add here that instead of replacing the floats for the barge by pressing the superstructure on its stacks 5 on either side of said barge, as we said previously, we could perfectly proceed otherwise, for example by sliding of the superstructure 1 on the ground, then sliding of the latter on the floats. In this order of ideas, we could also create two tanks for the floats and build and place these floats in the tanks and then build the superstructure above the floats, it being understood that the launching would be done by opening the pools on the sea.

Il résulte de ce qui précède que toutes les variantes possibles du procédé de l'invention permettent la construction d'une plateforme fixe en mer au moindre coût en raison notamment de l'utilisation de flotteurs provisoires amovibles et qui permettent une installation précise fiable et sûre de la plateforme sur un site d'implantation choisi.It follows from the above that all the possible variants of the process of the invention allow the construction of a fixed platform at sea at the lowest cost, in particular due to the use of removable temporary floats and which allow precise, reliable and safe installation. of the platform on a chosen site.

Bien entendu, la forme, les dimensions, les accessoires et même le nombre des flotteurs provisoires sous la superstructure peuvent être quelconques sans sortir du cadre de l'invention.Of course, the shape, dimensions, accessories and even the number of temporary floats under the superstructure can be any without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (11)

1. Procédé d'installation d'une plateforme fixe en mer et du type consistant à acheminer une superstructure par barge par exemple vers le site d'implantation de la plateforme et à mettre en place cette superstructure sur une infrastructure reposant sur le fond de la mer pour ainsi ériger ladite plateforme, caractérisé en ce que ladite superstructure ayant été elle-même rendue flottante par des flotteurs provisoires amovibles, on l'achemine et onla. positionne ainsi au droit de l'infrastructure, puis après avoir solidarisé la superstructure de l'infrastructure, on retire lesdits flotteurs du dessous de la superstructure.1. A method of installing a fixed platform at sea and of the type consisting in conveying a superstructure by barge for example to the site of installation of the platform and in installing this superstructure on an infrastructure resting on the bottom of the sea to thus erect said platform, characterized in that said superstructure having itself been made floating by removable temporary floats, it is routed and onla. thus positioned at the right of the infrastructure, then after having secured the superstructure of the infrastructure, said floats are removed from below the superstructure. 2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la superstructure acheminée par la barge comporte initialement les flotteurs précités et on coule éventuellement la barge ou on la submerge à une profondeur suffisante à proximité de l'infrastructure pour permettre ensuite l'acheminement par flottaison de la superstructure au droit de l'infrastructure.2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the superstructure conveyed by the barge initially comprises the aforementioned floats and optionally the barge is sunk or it is submerged to a sufficient depth near the infrastructure to then allow routing by buoyancy of the superstructure in front of the infrastructure. 3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la superstructure acheminée par la barge ne comporte pas initialement les flotteurs précités, ceux-ci n'étant substitués à la barge qu'à proximité de l'infrastructure.3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the superstructure conveyed by the barge does not initially comprise the above-mentioned floats, these being substituted for the barge only near the infrastructure. 4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que pour substituer les flotteurs à la barge de transport, on maintient la superstructure en appui sur ses piles, on ballaste la barge, et on interpose les flotteurs entre la barge et le dessous de la superstructure.4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that to replace the floats for the transport barge, the superstructure is kept in abutment on its piles, the barge is ballasted, and the floats are interposed between the barge and the underside of the superstructure. 5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le positionnement dans le plan horizontal de la superstructure au droit de l'infrastructure est effectué par halage sur des aussières, chaînes ou analogues reliant l'infrastructure aux flotteurs et/ou à la superstructure.5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the positioning in the horizontal plane of the superstructure in line with the infrastructure is carried out by hauling on hawsers, chains or the like connecting the infrastructure to the floats and / or to the superstructure. 6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le positionnement de la superstructure sur l'infrastructure dans le sens vertical est effectué par ballastage des flotteurs et/ou paractionnement de vérins solidaires de la superstructure, et/ou par traction verticale sur l'infrastructure au moyen d'au moins un treuil et de câbles par exemple.6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the positioning of the superstructure on the infrastructure in the vertical direction is carried out by ballasting of the floats and / or actuation of jacks integral with the superstructure, and / or by vertical traction on the infrastructure by means of at least one winch and cables for example. 7. Superstructure de plateforme pour l'exécution du procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est pourvue d'au moins deux flotteurs démontables.7. platform superstructure for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is provided with at least two removable floats. 8. Superstructure selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que chaque flotteur précité est relié à la superstructure par l'intermédiaire d'un support démontable formant par exemple une structure en treillis.8. Superstructure according to claim 7, characterized in that each aforementioned float is connected to the superstructure by means of a removable support forming for example a lattice structure. 9. Superstructure selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisée en ce que les flotteurs précités présentent par exemple une forme parallélépipédique surmontée par deux parties en saillie et comportent éventuellement des volets de stabilisation pouvant être réglables.9. Superstructure according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the aforementioned floats have for example a parallelepiped shape surmounted by two projecting parts and optionally comprise stabilizing flaps that can be adjustable. 10. Superstructure selon l'une des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisée en ce que les flotteurs précités sont munis de treuils, tandis que des piles ou colonnes actionnables par vérins, comme connu en soi, peuvent être prévues sur la superstructure pour notamment la monter sur l'infrastructure.10. Superstructure according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the above-mentioned floats are provided with winches, while piles or columns actuated by jacks, as known per se, can be provided on the superstructure in particular for mounting it on the infrastructure. 11. Plateforme fixe en mer, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est obtenue par le procédé et à l'aide d'une superstructure selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10.11. Fixed platform at sea, characterized in that it is obtained by the process and using a superstructure according to one of claims 1 to 10.
EP83400991A 1982-05-25 1983-05-17 Method for the installation of a platform in the sea, platform superstructure for carrying out this method Expired EP0097069B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8209036 1982-05-25
FR8209036A FR2527666A1 (en) 1982-05-25 1982-05-25 METHOD FOR INSTALLING A PLATFORM IN THE SEA, PLATFORM SUPERSTRUCTURE FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD, AND PLATFORM THUS OBTAINED

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EP0097069A1 true EP0097069A1 (en) 1983-12-28
EP0097069B1 EP0097069B1 (en) 1986-01-29

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EP (1) EP0097069B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3361991D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2527666A1 (en)
NO (1) NO831823L (en)
OA (1) OA07440A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4611952A (en) * 1983-11-14 1986-09-16 Institut Francais Du Petrole Method of fabricating the lines of a taut-line platform and of prepositioning them prior to final fixing
US6503023B2 (en) * 2000-05-12 2003-01-07 Abb Lummus Global, Inc. Temporary floatation stabilization device and method

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2598088A (en) * 1949-01-13 1952-05-27 Wilson Harvey Ashton Offshore platform structure and method of erecting same
US2657540A (en) * 1948-06-14 1953-11-03 John B Templeton Method of erecting and positioning marine structures
FR2416306A2 (en) * 1978-02-06 1979-08-31 Liautaud Jean Offshore platform in several sections - floats fully equipped and is lowered on to just-submerged support structure
FR2446894A1 (en) * 1979-01-16 1980-08-14 Doris Dev Richesse Sous Marine Mfg. offshore platform afloat during assemblage - installing elements successively on floats, lifting them each time to allow following element to be installed underneath
FR2476715A2 (en) * 1979-10-31 1981-08-28 Liautaud Jean Marine platform on top end of tower resting on sea-bed - where tower is towed to site via main and auxiliary floats, and main float is then lowered to sea-bed

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2657540A (en) * 1948-06-14 1953-11-03 John B Templeton Method of erecting and positioning marine structures
US2598088A (en) * 1949-01-13 1952-05-27 Wilson Harvey Ashton Offshore platform structure and method of erecting same
FR2416306A2 (en) * 1978-02-06 1979-08-31 Liautaud Jean Offshore platform in several sections - floats fully equipped and is lowered on to just-submerged support structure
FR2446894A1 (en) * 1979-01-16 1980-08-14 Doris Dev Richesse Sous Marine Mfg. offshore platform afloat during assemblage - installing elements successively on floats, lifting them each time to allow following element to be installed underneath
FR2476715A2 (en) * 1979-10-31 1981-08-28 Liautaud Jean Marine platform on top end of tower resting on sea-bed - where tower is towed to site via main and auxiliary floats, and main float is then lowered to sea-bed

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4611952A (en) * 1983-11-14 1986-09-16 Institut Francais Du Petrole Method of fabricating the lines of a taut-line platform and of prepositioning them prior to final fixing
US6503023B2 (en) * 2000-05-12 2003-01-07 Abb Lummus Global, Inc. Temporary floatation stabilization device and method
US7033115B2 (en) * 2000-05-12 2006-04-25 Deepwater Marine Technology L.L.C. Temporary floatation stabilization device and method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2527666A1 (en) 1983-12-02
NO831823L (en) 1983-11-28
EP0097069B1 (en) 1986-01-29
FR2527666B1 (en) 1985-04-19
OA07440A (en) 1984-11-30
DE3361991D1 (en) 1986-03-13

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