EP0096584A2 - Vergasungsverfahren - Google Patents

Vergasungsverfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0096584A2
EP0096584A2 EP83303287A EP83303287A EP0096584A2 EP 0096584 A2 EP0096584 A2 EP 0096584A2 EP 83303287 A EP83303287 A EP 83303287A EP 83303287 A EP83303287 A EP 83303287A EP 0096584 A2 EP0096584 A2 EP 0096584A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
wet
dried
process according
water
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP83303287A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0096584A3 (en
EP0096584B1 (de
Inventor
Robert A. Mccallister
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Foster Wheeler Energy Corp
Original Assignee
Foster Wheeler Energy Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Foster Wheeler Energy Corp filed Critical Foster Wheeler Energy Corp
Publication of EP0096584A2 publication Critical patent/EP0096584A2/de
Publication of EP0096584A3 publication Critical patent/EP0096584A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0096584B1 publication Critical patent/EP0096584B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10F—DRYING OR WORKING-UP OF PEAT
    • C10F5/00—Drying or de-watering peat
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
    • C10J2300/0906—Physical processes, e.g. shredding, comminuting, chopping, sorting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
    • C10J2300/0909—Drying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1846—Partial oxidation, i.e. injection of air or oxygen only

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the gasification of carbonaceous fuels containing bound water; for example low quality fuels such as sub-bituminous coal, lignite or peat.
  • the invention has particular application as a coal feed preparation process for a coal gasification plant.
  • the first type requires a dry feed and the coal is fed into the gasifier through some mechanical means, such as a screw feeder or a lock hopper system.
  • the second type uses a slurry feed.
  • An example of this type is the Texaco Coal Gasification Process (TCGP) which may be practiced according to the disclosure of, for example, U.S. Patent No: 3,544,291 to which reference is directed.
  • TCGP operates using either oxygen or air as the oxidizing medium for the coal feed.
  • the coal is fed as a water slurry with the water typically amounting to 50% or more of the total weight of the slurry.
  • the advantage of the water slurry is that it can be pumped at high pressure and eliminates the need for complicated lock hoppers or other feed systems.
  • the water content of the slurry is a function of the desired degree of pumpability of the slurry.
  • the water content of the slurry has an adverse impact on the thermal efficiency of the gasifier, the higher the water content of the slurry then the more water which must be vaporized in the gasifier, thus consuming more coal and more oxygen or air.
  • U .S. Patent No: 4,166,802 further describes the gasification of solid carbonaceous fuels which are introduced into the gasification zone in the form of a water slurry.
  • Slater et al indicate that a problem arises when the solid carbonaceous fuel is of low quality, such as sub-bituminous coal, lignite, or peat, because all of these fuels contain a considerable amount of combined or bound water, a most undesirable ingredient insofar as gasification of the fuel is concerned in that although bound water is present in the solid fuel it does not play any part in the formation of the slurry vehicle and consequently has no effect on the viscosity or pumpability of the slurry. It has an adverse effect on the gasification reaction as it introduces more water into the gasifier than is necessary to form the slurry and thus has an undesirable effect on the thermal efficiency of the generator.
  • Patent No: 4,166,802 describes a solution to this excess water problem whereby the solid fuel, in finely- divided form, is introduced into a quench zone with water.
  • the solid fuel and the water may be introduced separately into the quench zone or they are introduced together into the quench zone in the form of a slurry.
  • the slurry is contacted with a hot synthesis gas (comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen) which has been prepared by the partial oxidation of a solid carbonaceous fuel, preferably the stme type of fuel as in the slurry. .
  • the hot synthesis gas which leaves the partial oxidation zone at a temperature between about 1800° and 3200 0 F., is introduced substantially immediately into the quench zone and contact is made with the slurry, preferably by discharging the hot synthesis gas from a dip tube under the surface of the slurry.
  • the present invention is also directed to solving the problem of excess water in a partial oxidation coal gasification process when feeding a low quality solid carbonaceous fuel containing bound moisture, such as sub-bituminous coal, lignite, or peat.
  • the invention involves using the Carver-Greenfield dehydration process which is normally used to dehydrate sewage sludge.
  • the Carver-Greenfield process may be practiced according to the disclosures in, for example, U.S. Reissue Patent No: 26,352 and U.S. Patent No: 3,323,575 to which reference is directed.
  • the Carver-Greenfield process uses a multi-stage evaporation system combined with a drying oil to produce a dry solid product, typically containing about 0.5 to 3.O percent by weight water.
  • the Carver Greenfield process is applied to certain types of coal to produce a dry solid product which is then delivered to a coal slurry preparation apparatus where it is mixed with water and subjected to a wet grinding process to produce coal particles of the final size required for the gasification process.
  • the solids are slurried in a drying medium, typically a light gas oil, such as "ISOPAR", and then the slurry proceeds through the unit.
  • a drying medium typically a light gas oil, such as "ISOPAR"
  • the typical unit includes a number of stages to achieve the desired degree of dryness in the solid product. This typically would be three stages. Steam is required to operate the dryers. Alternatively, some other source of low level heat could be used.
  • the Carver-Greenfield process offers the flexibility of varying the temperature between the various stages and through this mechanism it is possible to recover and reuse the steam from each of the subsequent stages in the evaporation train. This re-utilization of process heat results in a much higher energy efficiency than could be achieved in a single stage unit.
  • a by-product of the Carver-Greenfield process is the water which is driven off from the lignite or other low quality fuel that is being dried.
  • This water is typically dirty and oily and, to prevent environmental pollution, would require treatment before disposal.
  • This dirty water is used to prepare the coal slurry.
  • the coal slurry containing the dirty water is fed into the gasifier which converts the environmentally harmful materials contained in the dirty water into useful products in the gasification process.
  • the quantity of bound water to be removed from the lignite or other type of feedstock is normally rather large and is close to the total water requirement of the coal slurry preparation system. Thus, make-up water to the system is minimal as compared with alternative means of drying.
  • a drying oil is used to assist the dehydration in the Carver-Greenfield drying process.
  • One of the final steps in the conventional Carver-Greenfield process is the separation of the drying oil from the dried product. Oil separation is normally desirable both to minimize oil loss and also to minimize the contamination of the dried product with the drying oil. Oil removal may also be necessary for economic reasons.
  • One advantage however, of the present invention is that it is not necessary to completely remove the drying oil from the dried fuel product.
  • the dried fuel product containing the drying oil can be satisfactorily processed in the coal slurry preparation system and then gasified into useful products.
  • the present invention allows the use of a relatively low cost wet feedstock as a feed for a coal gasification plant while still using a coal slurry preparation system.
  • a process for the gasification of a solid carbonaceous fuel containing significant quantities of bound moisture comprises:-
  • the process comprises:-
  • the sizes of the first and second portions can be controlled to supply amounts of wet and dried fuel to the gasification plant to provide a feedstock with a predetermined water content overall. In this way, the successful operation of the gasification plant can be ensured.
  • Wet lignite 10 containing about 45 to 50 percent by weight bound water is introduced into the dehydration apparatus 12 which collectively performs the Carver-Greenfield dehydration process as described, for example, in U.S. Reissue Patent No: 26,352 and U.S. Patent No: 3,323,575.
  • Wet lignite 10 is preferably crushed into particles having no cross-sectional dimension greater than about 1/2 inch (12.7 millimetres) prior to introduction into the dehydration apparatus 12.
  • Dried lignite 14 exits from the dehydration apparatus 12 after undergoing the Carver-Greenfield process and is conveyed to the coal slurry preparation apparatus 18.
  • Experimental test data proves that the Carver-Greenfield process removes most of the bound moisture in the lignite so that dried lignite 14 contains about 0.5 to 3.0 percent by weight bound water. This is a particular advantage of the present invention as compared to the process disclosed in U.S. Patent No: 4,166,802 which contains no experimental data to indicate that the bound moisture in the coal has been removed.
  • dried lignite 14 is a highly reactive material, it is preferably conveyed to coal slurry preparation apparatus 18 using an enclosed conveyor system blanketed with an inert gas, such as nitrogen.
  • dried lignite 14 is fed into a hopper and then into a milling apparatus where the lignite is subjected to a wet grinding process and is formed into a slurry preparation.
  • Dirty water 16 from the Carver-Greenfield process is preferably used for this purpose and additional make-up water 20 may be used as needed.
  • the wet grinding process produces particles of feed material which have no cross-sectional dimension greater than about 1/4 inch (6.35 millimetres).
  • 100 weight percent of the solid fuel will pass through a 14 mesh sieve and, more preferably, 100 weight percent of the solid fuel will pass through a 14 mesh sieve with not more than 30 weight percent passing through a 325 mesh sieve.
  • the resulting coal slurry 22 containing between about 50 to 75 percent solids by weight on a dry basis is then pumped to a conventional coal gasification plant (CGP) 24 such as described in, for example, U.S. Patent No: 3,544, 291, where the coal is partially oxidized using oxygen or air 26 to produce the desired conventional product gas 28.
  • CGP coal gasification plant
  • Low level heat 30, which may be in the form of steam or hot water, from the coal gasification plant is conveyed to the dehydration apparatus 12 where it is efficiently and economically used in carrying out the Carver-Greenfield dehydration process.
  • a second embodiment of the invention is illustrated in Figures 2 and 3. Again lignite is shown as the feedstock, but the process may also be used to treat any low grade solid carbonaceous fuel containing significant amounts of bound water, such as sub-bituminous coal and peat.
  • bound water such as sub-bituminous coal and peat.
  • one type of coal gasification process uses a dry feed rather than a water slurry feed.
  • the feedstock may contain whatever bound water was in the fuel when received at the plant. The bound water may have a detrimental effect on the gasifier operation.
  • Drying the fuel can be accomplished. However, this may impose a severe energy penalty. Some wet fuels may be successfully gasified whereas others may contain too much water to be satisfactorily gasified.
  • a fuel which would be in this category would be a lignite with a moisture content of about 45 to 50 percent by weight. Drying a portion of the lignite will provide a satisfactory feedstock. This procedure allows the feeding of a lignite blend with a satisfactory moisture content while restricting the amount of lignite actually dried, thereby saving on energy and capital investment.
  • a first portion of the wet lignite (containing about 35 to 50 percent by weight bound water) from the wet lignite storage unit 32 is introduced into the dehydration apparatus 34 which collectively performs the Carver-Greenfield dehydration process as described, for example, in U.S. Reissue Patent No: 26,352 and U.S. Patent No: 3,323,575.
  • the wet lignite is preferably crushed into particles having no cross-sectional dimensions greater than about 1/2 inch (12.7 millimetres) prior to introduction into the dehydration apparatus 34.
  • Dried lignite exits from the dehydration apparatus 34 after undergoing the Carver-Greenfield dehydration process and is conveyed to the dried lignite storage unit 36 or optionally to the coal gasifier 42 without going to storage. Since the dried lignite is a highly reactive material, it is preferably conveyed to the coal gasifier 42 using the dried lignite feed system 38 which includes an enclosed conveyor system blanketed with an inert gas, such as nitrogen.
  • the dried lignite feed system 38 includes a grinding process which produces particles of feed material which have no cross-sectional dimension greater than about 1/4 inch (6.35 millimetres).
  • 100 weight percent of the solid fuel will pass through a 14 mesh sieve and, more preferably, 100 weight percent of the solid fuel will pass through a 14 mesh sieve with not more than 30 weight percent passing through a 325 mesh sieve.
  • a second portion of wet lignite from the wet lignite storage unit 32 is conveyed to the coal gasifier 42 using the wet lignite feed system 40.
  • the wet lignite feed system 40 includes a grinding process which produces particles of feed material which have no cross-sectional dimension greater than about 1/4 inch. 6.35 millimetres).
  • 100 weight percent of the solid fuel will pass through a 14 mesh sieve and, more preferably, 100 weight percent of the solid fuel will pass through a 14 mesh sieve with not more than 30 weight percent passing through a 325 mesh sieve.
  • drying 35 percent by weight of the wet lignite and feeding this amount of the dried lignite along with 65 percent by weight of wet (undried) lignite results in a final overall moisture content of 30 percent by weight for the feedstock of the coal gasifier 42.
  • the blend of wet lignite and dried lignite provides a feedstock with a satisfactory overall water content so that the coal gasifier 42 can be successfully operated.
  • Coal gasifier 2 is a conventional coal gasification plant such as described in, for example, U.S. Patent No: 3,544,291 where the coal is partially oxidized using oxygen or air to produce the desired conventional product gas.
  • Low level heat, which may be in the form of steam or hot water, from the coal gasifier 42 may be conveyed to the dehydration apparatus 34 where it is efficiently and economically used in carrying out the Carver-Greenfield dehydration process.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
EP83303287A 1982-06-07 1983-06-07 Vergasungsverfahren Expired EP0096584B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US38594982A 1982-06-07 1982-06-07
US385949 1982-06-07

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0096584A2 true EP0096584A2 (de) 1983-12-21
EP0096584A3 EP0096584A3 (en) 1984-09-05
EP0096584B1 EP0096584B1 (de) 1987-03-18

Family

ID=23523557

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83303287A Expired EP0096584B1 (de) 1982-06-07 1983-06-07 Vergasungsverfahren

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0096584B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5956490A (de)
DE (1) DE3370352D1 (de)
ZA (1) ZA833688B (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0677567A1 (de) * 1991-09-19 1995-10-18 Texaco Development Corporation Teiloxydation von niederwertiger Kohle
CN103298918A (zh) * 2011-01-24 2013-09-11 川崎重工业株式会社 低品位煤浆液的制造方法、低品位煤浆液的制造装置及低品位煤的气化系统

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018211662A1 (ja) 2017-05-18 2018-11-22 ヤマハ株式会社 取付器具及びスピーカー装置
CN113969193B (zh) * 2021-10-26 2022-11-25 青岛维舍环保新能源科技有限公司 一种热能回收气化冶金一体化工艺

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3323575A (en) * 1966-04-05 1967-06-06 Greenfield Charles Apparatus and process for dehydrating waste solids concentrates
US3544291A (en) * 1968-04-22 1970-12-01 Texaco Inc Coal gasification process
GB1471949A (en) * 1974-06-19 1977-04-27 Shell Int Research Process for the upgrading of coal or the like
DE2521132A1 (de) * 1975-05-13 1976-11-25 Rheinische Braunkohlenw Ag Verfahren zum trocknen von einen hohen gehalt an gebundenem wasser aufweisenden festen brennstoffen und eintragen der wasserarmen produkte in einen umsetzungsreaktor unter druck
US4166802A (en) * 1978-04-20 1979-09-04 Texaco Inc. Gasification of low quality solid fuels
SE8001272L (sv) * 1980-02-18 1981-08-19 Stora Kopparbergs Bergslags Ab Sett att framstella elenergi i kombination med framstellning av torvbrensle

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0677567A1 (de) * 1991-09-19 1995-10-18 Texaco Development Corporation Teiloxydation von niederwertiger Kohle
CN103298918A (zh) * 2011-01-24 2013-09-11 川崎重工业株式会社 低品位煤浆液的制造方法、低品位煤浆液的制造装置及低品位煤的气化系统
CN103298918B (zh) * 2011-01-24 2016-01-13 川崎重工业株式会社 低品位煤浆液的制造方法、低品位煤浆液的制造装置及低品位煤的气化系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0096584A3 (en) 1984-09-05
DE3370352D1 (en) 1987-04-23
JPS5956490A (ja) 1984-03-31
EP0096584B1 (de) 1987-03-18
ZA833688B (en) 1985-02-27

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