EP0096582A2 - Composite closure - Google Patents
Composite closure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0096582A2 EP0096582A2 EP83303282A EP83303282A EP0096582A2 EP 0096582 A2 EP0096582 A2 EP 0096582A2 EP 83303282 A EP83303282 A EP 83303282A EP 83303282 A EP83303282 A EP 83303282A EP 0096582 A2 EP0096582 A2 EP 0096582A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- closure
- ring member
- closure panel
- container
- panel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D51/00—Closures not otherwise provided for
- B65D51/14—Rigid discs or spherical members adapted to be held in sealing engagement with mouth of container, e.g. closure plates for preserving jars
- B65D51/145—Rigid discs or spherical members adapted to be held in sealing engagement with mouth of container, e.g. closure plates for preserving jars by means of an additional element connected directly to the container
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D41/00—Caps, e.g. crown caps or crown seals, i.e. members having parts arranged for engagement with the external periphery of a neck or wall defining a pouring opening or discharge aperture; Protective cap-like covers for closure members, e.g. decorative covers of metal foil or paper
Definitions
- closure in two pieces.
- Two-piece closures are well known, the typical example being the well known Mason jar wherein the closure panel and the gasket carried thereby is separate and apart from the ring member.
- Mason jar closure after the ring member has been removed it is necessary to pry the closure panel from the container finish with the result that normally the closure panel is bent and distorted so that it can no longer be used to form a seal.
- the closure 10 is particularly constructed for scalingly closing the container 12 and is of a composite construction including a ring member 20 and a closure panel 22.
- the ring member 20 is preferably formed of a moldable plastic material, such as polypropylene, while the closure panel 22 is primarily in the form of a metal sheet or disk.
- the molded ring member 20 includes a lower generally cylindrical skirt 24 which is joined to an upper retaining ring 26 by an intermediate corner portion 28.
- the exterior of the skirt 24 is provided with a plurality of axially extending, circumferentially spaced ribs or knurls 32 to facilitate the gripping of the ring member 20 to effect the manual twisting or rotation thereof relative to the container 12.
- the upper surface of the retaining ring 26 is provided with circumferentially spaced radiating nibs or knurls 34 which may engage top capper scaling belts to provide better traction in the application of the closure 10 to the container 10.
- the coating 38 has a low coefficient of friction as does the undersurface of the retaining ring 26. Thus, there may be relative rotation between the ring member 20 and the closure panel 22 with a minimum of frictional resistance.
- detent means 52 are illustrated in Figure 2 as being in the form of a plurality of circumferentially spaced detents or lugs 54, although the detent means 52 could be continuous.
- closure panel 22 will snap past the detent means 52 due to the rounded corner 50, but the free edge of the flange 48 will not freely pass the detent means 52 in the opposite direction so as to permit separation of the closure panel 22 from the ring member 20.
- detent means 52 are spaced axially from the free edge of the flange 48 so that the closure panel is free to move a restricted dis- t a nce in an axial direction relative to the ring member 20.
- the annular portion 26 of the closure panel will not be in firm engagement with the underside of the retaining ring 26, but will have a certain degree of play.
- the closure panel 22 will rotate or twist with the ring member 20 until the gasket 42 engages the end seal finish 18 at which time rotation of the closure member 22 will discontinue and the ring member 20 will be free to be twisted or rotated relative to the closure panel 22 without resistance until such time as the retaining ring 2 u moves axially into pressure engagement with the annular portion 46.
- the primary advantage of the composite closure 10 is during the time of removal of the closure.
- a removal twisting or rotational torque is applied to the ring member 20
- it will rotate relative to the container neck finish 14 and the closure panel 22 and, due to the relative camming action of the interengaged lugs or threads 16, 30, the ring member 20 will move axially relative to both the container neck finish 14 and the closure panel 22 until it reaches the position of Figure 3, wherein the detent means 52 engages the lower edge of the flange 48.
- closure panel 22 will be free to move axially with the ring member 20 in the complete removal of the closure 10.
- closure panel 22 separate and apart from the ring member 20 provides a further positive advantage.
- the closure panel is integral with the ring member and the Plastosol or other gasket forming material is fixed for rotation with the closure cap skirt, as the closure cap is tightened onto a container, there is a torsional force developed in the casket material and the closure skirt such that when the closure cap is fully applied and then released, there is an internal unwinding force which, as it relieves itself, loosens the closure cap relative to the container.
- closure panel and gasket material formed separate and apart frcm the ring member and by having a very low frictional connection between the closure panel and the ring member, it will be seen that this internal wind-up force within the closure cap is, for all practical purposes, eliminated even though the gasket material is not provided with a lubricant and has a tendency to adhere to the container finish as the closure cap is applied.
- closure panel 22 is automatically removed by the ring member 20 without distortion, the closure panel may effectively reseal the container 12 when the closure 10 is reapplied.
- metal panel 36 may be provided with a conventional vacuum operated button feature (not illustrated).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Closures For Containers (AREA)
- Thermally Insulated Containers For Foods (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates in general to new and useful improvements in closures for containers, such as glass jars, and more particularly to a closure which has a closure panel provided with a gasket for forming a seal with a container end finish and wherein the closure has a rotational or twist interlock with the container finish.
- When a closure is of a one-piece construction, as the closure is finally applied the gasket engages the container end finish and impedes the final twist of the closure relative to the container to the sealed position of the closure. Attempts have been made to reduce the frictional engagement between the gasket and the container end finish by incorporating in the gasket material a suitable lubricant. While this aids in the application of the closure, it is always possible that this lubricant can appear on the surface or throughout the product in the form of particles or film. This is particularly true when the product is a clear juice or wine.
- Further, even though a lubricant may be used in conjunction with the gasket material, when the product is vacuum packed and the closure panel is tightly retained in place on the container finish by the vacuum, durinc the initial removal of the closure not only is it necessary to apply a sufficient twisting torque to effect rotation of the closure, but also there must be a sufficient torque applied so as to effect the axial movement of the closure panel away from the container against the vacuum force until such time as the seal is broken.
- In accordance with this invention, it is proposed to form the closure in two pieces. Two-piece closures are well known, the typical example being the well known Mason jar wherein the closure panel and the gasket carried thereby is separate and apart from the ring member. However, with the conventional Mason jar closure, after the ring member has been removed it is necessary to pry the closure panel from the container finish with the result that normally the closure panel is bent and distorted so that it can no longer be used to form a seal.
- In accordance with this invention, it is pro pcsed to provide a two-piece closure which includes, as in the case of the Mason jar closure, a ring member and a closure panel which are separately formed and wherein the ring member is relatively rotatable with respect to the closure panel both in the application of the closure and the removal thereof. However, in accordance with this invention, there is provided an axial interlock between the ring member and the closure panel wherein there is a specifically provided for permissible axial movement between the ring member and the closure panel so that when the closure is being applied the frictional contact between relative rotatable surfaces of the ring member and the closure panel will not come into play until sub---stantially at the final'rotational increment in the application of the ring member. In a like manner, and most particularly, when the closure is to be removed, only a low initial torque is required to effect rotation or twisting of the ring member relative to the container, and there is no force resisting the axial movement of the ring member relative to the container. After the initial twisting or rotation of the ring member relative to the container, detent means on the ring member will engage the closure panel and apply an axial removing force thereon. This will occur, however, at a time wherein the ring member is free to rotate relative to the container and wherein the ring member has momentum so as to strike the closure panel and effect a driving axial removal force thereto.
- In accordance with this invention, for economy purposes, the ring member may be formed of a suitable readily moldable plastic material. The plastic material also has a low surface coefficient of friction, and therefore relative rotation between the ring member and the closure panel requires minimal torque. Polypropylene is presently being utilized as the plastic material from which the ring member is formed.
- It is conventional to coat metal with a suitable lacquer or the like, and the conventional coating on metal utilized in conjunction with closures is applied to the exterior of the closure panel. This coating reduces the frictional contact between the plastic ring member and the clcsure panel so as to reduce the torque required to rotate the ring member relative to the closure panel.
- With the above and other objects in view that will hereinafter appear, the nature of the invention will be more clearly understood by reference to the following detailed description, the appended claims, and the several views illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
-
- Figure 1 is a fragmentary top perspective view of the closure as applied to a conventional glass container.
- Figure 2 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken generally along the line 2-2 of Figure 1, and shows the specific constructional details of the closure and the relationship of the components thereof to each other and to the container neck finish.
- Figure 3 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view similar to Figure 2, and shows the ring member having imparted thereto a slight degree of twisting, with the same having moved axially relative to the closure panel and the container.
- Figure 4 is another fragmentary sectional view similar to Figure 2, and shows the ring member having been further rotated and having picked up and moved axially therewith the closure panel relative to the container and finish.
- Referring now to the drawings in detail, it will be seen that the closure is generally identified by the
numeral 10 and is applied to a conventional container generally identified by thenumeral 12. Thecontainer 12, as is best shown in Figure 2, is provided with aneck finish 14 which includes lugs orthreads 16 and which has a terminal orend seal finish 18. - The
closure 10 is particularly constructed for scalingly closing thecontainer 12 and is of a composite construction including aring member 20 and aclosure panel 22. Thering member 20 is preferably formed of a moldable plastic material, such as polypropylene, while theclosure panel 22 is primarily in the form of a metal sheet or disk. - The molded
ring member 20 includes a lower generallycylindrical skirt 24 which is joined to an upperretaining ring 26 by anintermediate corner portion 28. - The
skirt 24 has formed integrally with the interior surface thereof lugs orthreads 30 which are cooperable with the lugs orthreads 16 of the container neck finish so as to permit a twist type locking engace- rent. For example, each of the lugs orthreads - The exterior of the
skirt 24 is provided with a plurality of axially extending, circumferentially spaced ribs orknurls 32 to facilitate the gripping of thering member 20 to effect the manual twisting or rotation thereof relative to thecontainer 12. In addition, the upper surface of theretaining ring 26 is provided with circumferentially spaced radiating nibs orknurls 34 which may engage top capper scaling belts to provide better traction in the application of theclosure 10 to thecontainer 10. - The
closure panel 22 includes a sheet metal (preferably steel)panel member 36 which is provided with an external protective coating 38. The panel is configurated so as to define a peripheral, annular, downwardly opening channel 40 in which there is seated agasket 42 which is formed of a suitable sealing material. It is to be noted that in the formation of the channel 40, thepanel 36 is upwardly offset as at 44 so as to define an annular upper'portion 46. Thepanel 36 terminates in an outerperipheral depending flange 48 of a size to be snugly received within the upper portion of theskirt 24. Theflange 48 is joined to the annular upper portion 46 by acorner portion 50 which is generally received within thecorner portion 28. - It is to be understood that the coating 38 has a low coefficient of friction as does the undersurface of the
retaining ring 26.. Thus, there may be relative rotation between thering member 20 and theclosure panel 22 with a minimum of frictional resistance. - In order that the
closure member 22 may remain associated with thering member 20, the inner surface of theskirt 24 above the lugs orthreads 30 is provided withdetent means 52. Thedetent means 52 are illustrated in Figure 2 as being in the form of a plurality of circumferentially spaced detents orlugs 54, although the detent means 52 could be continuous. - It is understood that the
closure panel 22 will snap past the detent means 52 due to therounded corner 50, but the free edge of theflange 48 will not freely pass the detent means 52 in the opposite direction so as to permit separation of theclosure panel 22 from thering member 20. - It is also to be noted that the detent means 52 are spaced axially from the free edge of the
flange 48 so that the closure panel is free to move a restricted dis- tance in an axial direction relative to thering member 20. - As will be apparent, when the
closure panel 22 is assembled with thering member 20, theannular portion 26 of the closure panel will not be in firm engagement with the underside of theretaining ring 26, but will have a certain degree of play. Thus, as theclosure 10 is being applied to theneck finish 14 of thecontainer 12, theclosure panel 22 will rotate or twist with thering member 20 until thegasket 42 engages theend seal finish 18 at which time rotation of theclosure member 22 will discontinue and thering member 20 will be free to be twisted or rotated relative to theclosure panel 22 without resistance until such time as the retaining ring 2u moves axially into pressure engagement with the annular portion 46. At this time there will be some resistance to the further twisting or rotation of thering member 20 relative to theclosure panel 22, but because of the coefficient of friction of the mating surfaces of thering member 20 and theclosure panel 22, this resistance will be relatively light. - The primary advantage of the
composite closure 10 is during the time of removal of the closure. As will be seen from a comparison of Figures 2 and 3, when a removal twisting or rotational torque is applied to thering member 20, it will rotate relative to thecontainer neck finish 14 and theclosure panel 22 and, due to the relative camming action of the interengaged lugs orthreads ring member 20 will move axially relative to both thecontainer neck finish 14 and theclosure panel 22 until it reaches the position of Figure 3, wherein the detent means 52 engages the lower edge of theflange 48. - It will thus be apparent from the foregoing that since the
closure panel 22 is not rotated with thering member 20, it is not necessary initially to overcome the restraining torque engagement between thegasket 42 and theend sealing finish 18. - There is, however, a resistance to the
gasket 42 being axially separated from theend seal finish 18. This is particularly true when the container is vacuum packed and a vacuum acts on theclosure panel 22 to prevent axial movement thereof away from thecontainer neck finish 14. - With the
ring member 20 being rotated and having momentum at the time the detent means 52 engage the lower edge of theflange 48, it will be seen that only a slight additional torque is required to effect the axial movement of theclosure panel 22 away from theend seal surface 18. Thus, at no time does the required removal torque reach the magnitude of that involved in conjunction with similar but one-piece closures. - Once the separation of the
closure panel 22 from the end seal surface is effected, it will be seen that theclosure panel 22 will be free to move axially with thering member 20 in the complete removal of theclosure 10. - Because there is no true relative rotational movement between the
gasket 42 and thecontainer neck finish 14, the previously utilized lubricant in the casket material may be eliminated together with the deficiencies thereof. - The formation of the
closure panel 22 separate and apart from thering member 20 provides a further positive advantage. When the closure panel is integral with the ring member and the Plastosol or other gasket forming material is fixed for rotation with the closure cap skirt, as the closure cap is tightened onto a container, there is a torsional force developed in the casket material and the closure skirt such that when the closure cap is fully applied and then released, there is an internal unwinding force which, as it relieves itself, loosens the closure cap relative to the container. By having the closure panel and gasket material formed separate and apart frcm the ring member and by having a very low frictional connection between the closure panel and the ring member, it will be seen that this internal wind-up force within the closure cap is, for all practical purposes, eliminated even though the gasket material is not provided with a lubricant and has a tendency to adhere to the container finish as the closure cap is applied. - In addition, because the
closure panel 22 is automatically removed by thering member 20 without distortion, the closure panel may effectively reseal thecontainer 12 when theclosure 10 is reapplied. - It is also to be understood that the
metal panel 36 may be provided with a conventional vacuum operated button feature (not illustrated). - Although only a preferred embodiment of the closure has been specifically illustrated and described herein, it is to be understood that minor modifications may be made in the closure without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US38594682A | 1982-06-07 | 1982-06-07 | |
US385946 | 1982-06-07 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0096582A2 true EP0096582A2 (en) | 1983-12-21 |
EP0096582A3 EP0096582A3 (en) | 1984-12-05 |
Family
ID=23523543
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP83303282A Withdrawn EP0096582A3 (en) | 1982-06-07 | 1983-06-07 | Composite closure |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0096582A3 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5975224U (en) |
KR (1) | KR840005048A (en) |
AU (1) | AU1544683A (en) |
DK (1) | DK260283A (en) |
GB (1) | GB2122178B (en) |
HU (1) | HU187084B (en) |
NO (1) | NO832054L (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3515545A1 (en) * | 1984-12-14 | 1986-07-03 | Wallenfels, Dietrich, 6525 Westhofen | Closure cap |
EP0269920A1 (en) * | 1986-11-20 | 1988-06-08 | Anchor Hocking Corporation | An improved composite closure cap and package |
WO1997048622A1 (en) * | 1996-06-19 | 1997-12-24 | Valois S.A. | Metal fixing ring capable of being screwed for fixing a dispensing device on a container |
WO2000012406A1 (en) * | 1998-09-01 | 2000-03-09 | Jae Ick Jeong | Bottle cap for carbonated water |
WO2006009806A2 (en) | 2004-06-18 | 2006-01-26 | Silgan Closures, Llc | Composite closure with barrier end panel |
CN105377711A (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2016-03-02 | T·特里梅因 | A closure with a surface tension seal |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2620554B2 (en) * | 1988-03-04 | 1997-06-18 | 日本クラウンコルク株式会社 | Composite container lid |
DK199901665A (en) * | 1999-03-18 | 2000-09-19 | Johnsen Lars | Screw caps |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2298293A (en) * | 1940-12-10 | 1942-10-13 | American Can Co | Container |
GB1000164A (en) * | 1963-05-10 | 1965-08-04 | Metal Closures Ltd | Improvements in closure seals |
EP0080142A1 (en) * | 1981-11-19 | 1983-06-01 | Ernst & Co. Inh. Geiger & Neuenschwander | Threaded cap with internal cap and external cap |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB872981A (en) * | 1959-02-02 | 1961-07-19 | Kork N Seal Ltd | Improvements in or relating to caps for bottles and like containers and closure members for such caps |
JPS4110870Y1 (en) * | 1964-04-20 | 1966-05-21 | ||
US3784045A (en) * | 1971-10-26 | 1974-01-08 | Automatic Liquid Packaging | Permanently sealed containers and end caps therefor |
US3863797A (en) * | 1972-01-19 | 1975-02-04 | Bristol Myers Co | Safety closure-bottle assembly |
GB1427145A (en) * | 1972-09-04 | 1976-03-10 | United Glass Ltd | Closure for a vacuum package combustion apparatus for gas turbine engines |
US3866782A (en) * | 1973-12-10 | 1975-02-18 | Continental Can Co | Composite closure |
PL90846B1 (en) * | 1974-01-31 | 1977-01-31 | Politechnika Slaska Wincentegopo | |
US4280631A (en) * | 1980-03-10 | 1981-07-28 | Owens-Illinois, Inc. | Safety closure and container with snap cap liner |
JPS61504Y2 (en) * | 1980-07-09 | 1986-01-09 |
-
1983
- 1983-06-04 KR KR1019830002501A patent/KR840005048A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1983-06-06 GB GB08315486A patent/GB2122178B/en not_active Expired
- 1983-06-07 HU HU832027A patent/HU187084B/en unknown
- 1983-06-07 EP EP83303282A patent/EP0096582A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1983-06-07 NO NO832054A patent/NO832054L/en unknown
- 1983-06-07 DK DK260283A patent/DK260283A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1983-06-07 JP JP1983085907U patent/JPS5975224U/en active Granted
- 1983-06-07 AU AU15446/83A patent/AU1544683A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2298293A (en) * | 1940-12-10 | 1942-10-13 | American Can Co | Container |
GB1000164A (en) * | 1963-05-10 | 1965-08-04 | Metal Closures Ltd | Improvements in closure seals |
EP0080142A1 (en) * | 1981-11-19 | 1983-06-01 | Ernst & Co. Inh. Geiger & Neuenschwander | Threaded cap with internal cap and external cap |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3515545A1 (en) * | 1984-12-14 | 1986-07-03 | Wallenfels, Dietrich, 6525 Westhofen | Closure cap |
EP0269920A1 (en) * | 1986-11-20 | 1988-06-08 | Anchor Hocking Corporation | An improved composite closure cap and package |
WO1997048622A1 (en) * | 1996-06-19 | 1997-12-24 | Valois S.A. | Metal fixing ring capable of being screwed for fixing a dispensing device on a container |
FR2750115A1 (en) * | 1996-06-19 | 1997-12-26 | Valois | SCREWABLE METAL FIXING RING FOR FIXING A DISTRIBUTION MEMBER ON A CONTAINER |
WO2000012406A1 (en) * | 1998-09-01 | 2000-03-09 | Jae Ick Jeong | Bottle cap for carbonated water |
WO2006009806A2 (en) | 2004-06-18 | 2006-01-26 | Silgan Closures, Llc | Composite closure with barrier end panel |
WO2006009806A3 (en) * | 2004-06-18 | 2006-06-01 | Silgan Closures Llc | Composite closure with barrier end panel |
CN105377711A (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2016-03-02 | T·特里梅因 | A closure with a surface tension seal |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2122178A (en) | 1984-01-11 |
JPS5975224U (en) | 1984-05-22 |
DK260283A (en) | 1983-12-08 |
HU187084B (en) | 1985-11-28 |
AU1544683A (en) | 1983-12-15 |
GB8315486D0 (en) | 1983-07-13 |
EP0096582A3 (en) | 1984-12-05 |
KR840005048A (en) | 1984-11-03 |
DK260283D0 (en) | 1983-06-07 |
JPH049342Y2 (en) | 1992-03-09 |
NO832054L (en) | 1983-12-08 |
GB2122178B (en) | 1985-12-04 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): GB IT SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19831118 |
|
ITCL | It: translation for ep claims filed |
Representative=s name: STUDIO TORTA SOCIETA' SEMPLICE |
|
PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): GB IT SE |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19860303 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN |
|
18W | Application withdrawn |
Withdrawal date: 19860609 |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: LECINSKI, FRANK H., JR. |