EP0096308A2 - Fire-resistant layer - Google Patents

Fire-resistant layer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0096308A2
EP0096308A2 EP83105249A EP83105249A EP0096308A2 EP 0096308 A2 EP0096308 A2 EP 0096308A2 EP 83105249 A EP83105249 A EP 83105249A EP 83105249 A EP83105249 A EP 83105249A EP 0096308 A2 EP0096308 A2 EP 0096308A2
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EP
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Prior art keywords
membrane
fire
fire protection
sheet
flame
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Granted
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EP83105249A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0096308B1 (en
EP0096308A3 (en
Inventor
Karl Serwane
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Dr Wolman GmbH
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Serwane Karl
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Application filed by Serwane Karl filed Critical Serwane Karl
Priority to AT83105249T priority Critical patent/ATE23591T1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
    • E04B1/941—Building elements specially adapted therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tape protection sheet, in particular for covering Dacb.
  • Such sealing sheets are usually plastic films or bituminous sealing or roofing sheets, which are also referred to as "roofing felt", for example. But it is precisely for these geomembranes that insulating materials result in the dangerous wicking effect during the fire.
  • materials of fire class A according to DIN 41 0 2 such as perlite, mineral fibers or foam glass, cannot always be used as insulation materials.
  • insulation materials of fire class B according to DIN 41 o2. These insulation materials are intended to ensure temperature insulation, especially, of course, if there is no fire. All this applies in particular to roof coverings, as are common today in large-scale commercial buildings, for example for supermarkets.
  • the most important of these is the fulfillment of the latter requirement, ie to effectively prevent progressive fire events; but it has not yet been resolved either.
  • the invention is therefore particularly based on the task of eliminating the risk of burn-through and progressive fire events such as a widespread conflagration.
  • a fire protection membrane which consists of a sealing membrane of a known type, for example of the type mentioned above, on the at least one side of which an additional flame protection membrane is arranged.
  • a fire protection membrane which consists of a sealing membrane of a known type, for example of the type mentioned above, on the at least one side of which an additional flame protection membrane is arranged.
  • it is a two-layer fire protection membrane, consisting of a sealing membrane and a flame protection membrane.
  • the type of flame retardant membrane is essential.
  • such a flame retardant membrane is understood to be one which releases an incombustible liquid, such as water, in vapor form at elevated temperature; it can also separate fire-emitting gases such as nitrogen.
  • a fiberglass fleece impregnated with water glass, for example, is particularly suitable as a flame retardant membrane in the sense of the invention.
  • a fire protection membrane of this type is known, for example, from DE-OS 29 6o 796.
  • Fire protection membranes based on glass fiber fleece are generally suitable, in which crystalline water is embedded.
  • diatomaceous earth saturated with water can also be used as the base material for the flame retardant membrane.
  • Such water-containing substances only release their loosely bound water at around 100 ° C; there sometimes they foam up additionally.
  • water-containing ammonium phosphates as the base material for the flame-retardant membrane
  • fire-emitting gases for example nitrogen
  • DE-OS 28 07 697 called ammonium phosphate as an example, which also has a foam-forming effect.
  • resins for example urea-formaldehyde resin or the like, and carbohydrates or glue.
  • This substance composition forms a tightly coherent, porous, carbon-containing foam in the flame.
  • Such compositions of matter are also known from the following patents or documents relating to patent applications: DE-PS 962 824, DE-AS 10 61 011, DE-PS 10 65 116, DE-OS 16 44 780, DE-OS 17 94 343 and DE -OS 22 00 104. According to this state of the art it is also known to apply these substance compositions in pasty form to glass silk fabric or nonwovens; this results in flame retardant strips.
  • Such a fire protection membrane according to the invention can also be used for retrofitting conventional roof coverings; for this purpose the fire protection membrane according to the invention is placed with the flame retardant membrane on the top of the roof covering.
  • the fire protection sheet is completed by an insulation sheet which is arranged on at least one free side of the flame protection sheet. Any of the aforementioned insulation materials can be used as the base material for such an insulation sheet.
  • the insulation sheet has an additional heat in case of fire insulation 'between the flame path to the sealing sheet and the other free side of the insulation sheet, which is the roof side in the case of a roof.
  • a foaming flame-retardant membrane can still act between the sealing membrane and the insulating membrane as a barrier for any combustible gases from the membrane.
  • a further vapor barrier sheet can then be arranged on the remaining side of the insulation sheet.
  • a conventional propane gas burner was held at a distance of approx. 25 cm from above onto the cover film, i.e. the sealing membrane.
  • the outer cover film i.e. the sealing membrane
  • the insulating material i.e. the insulation sheet
  • the burn spot size was a maximum of 58 cm in diameter for all superstructures. While the temperatures in the firing center reached values in the range of 1000 ° C after approx. 2 to 3 minutes, they remained almost constant at this temperature over the test period.
  • the tested superstructures only continued to burn independently for a maximum of 12 to 13 minutes despite constant flaming and were only destroyed with a maximum diameter of 58 cm. At a distance of 3o or 45 cm, only temperatures of a maximum of 100 ° C were measured. The temperature of the trapezoidal sheets did not change compared to the ambient temperature.
  • the fire load is significantly reduced; flammable adhesives are not required; the combustible roof seal, i.e. the sealing membrane, is sealed off from the insulation material; if necessary, there is a vapor barrier without or with the lowest fire load underneath the insulation material, i.e. the insulation membrane.
  • the fire is practically completely hampered.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an element of the fire protection membrane according to the invention.
  • the sealing membrane is identified by reference number 1. She's broken her face in a part to make s o the area of the flame retardant web 2 visible.
  • the fleece structure of the flame retardant membrane 2 is indicated by irregular patterns.
  • the smooth nature of the sealing membrane 1, however, is indicated by a thin line hatching.
  • the sealing membrane 1 is arranged on the flame retardant membrane 2.
  • a one-piece connection between the sealing membrane and the flame retardant membrane can be achieved by simple water bonding; The elegant quality of water glass has long been known.
  • FIG. 2 shows a section of a fire protection membrane for a roof covering.
  • the sealing membrane 1 is hatched by oblique lines; the flame-retardant membrane 2 is also illustrated with its non-woven structure by irregular hatching.
  • Sealing membrane 1 and flame retardant membrane 2 are broken open in the foreground of the figure; as a result, the insulation sheet 3 arranged on the remaining side of the flame retardant sheet 2 is then visible, which in turn has broken open again in order to make the trapezoidal sheet visible as a supporting part.
  • the insulation sheet 3 is shown dotted to indicate its porous structure. Not shown is a possible vapor barrier film between the insulation sheet 3 and the trapezoidal sheet 4.
  • the reference number 5 denotes a retaining tab which is held against the trapezoidal sheet by screws; ordinary sheet metal screws are particularly suitable as screws. This mechanical anchoring safely absorbs the wind loads and combustible parts under the flame retardant membrane are no longer required. In addition, the fire load is reduced by saving on adhesive layers.
  • the roof covering shown in FIG. 2 can be brought onto the market in particular as a fully assembled roof covering element, that is to say as a multi-layer panel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)

Abstract

1. A fire-protection strip, in particular for a roof covering, with a flame-proof strip (2) which is disposed directly on at least one side of a sealing strip (1) and which at elevated temperature gives off a non-combustible fluid particularly in vapour form, characterized in that the fire-protection strip (2) is laid on the upper side of the roof or the like and the flame-proof strip faces the upper side.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Bandschutzbahn, insbesondere zur Dacbabdeckung.The invention relates to a tape protection sheet, in particular for covering Dacb.

Vorbeugender Brandschutz wird heute mit hohem Aufwand im Industrie-Bau betrieben. So sind Rauchabzugsanlagen, Feuerschutztüren und Sprinkler-Anlagen schon seit langem Stand der Technik. Jedoch insbesondere bei der Dacheindeckung und sonstiger Flächensicherung verzichtet man weitgehend auf vorbeugende Maßnahmen. Dies hat letztlich seinen Grund darin, daß bislang keine geeigneten Maßnahmen zur Verfügung stehen. So bringt der Einbau von nicht brennbaren Dämmstoffen keine wesentliche Verbesserung des Brandverhaltens. Im Gegenteil, je nach Baustoff kann z.B. bei einem Faser-Dämmstoff durch Dochtwirkung das Brandgeschehen noch verschlechtert werden. Hinzukommt, daß man gerade bei Dacheindeckungen üblicherweise nicht auf brennbare Baustoffe verzichten kann. So benötigt eine Dacheindeckung eine Dichtungsbahn zur Abdeckung gegen Witterungseinflüsse. Solche Dichtungsbahnen sind üblicherweise Kunststoff-Folien oder bituminöse Dichtungs- oder Dachbahnen, die z.B. auch als "Dachpappe" bezeichnet werden. Gerade für diese Dichtungsbahnen ergeben aber Dämmstoffe die gefährliche Dochtwirkung beim Brandgeschehen. Im Übrigen können als Dämmstoffe nicht immer Stoffe der Brandklasse A nach DIN 41 02, wie z.B. Perlit, Mineralfasern oder Schaumglas, eingesetzt werden. Aus Kosten- und Gewichtsgründen muß man sich oft auch mit Dämmstoffen der Brandklasse B nach DIN 41 o2 zufriedengeben. Diese Dämmstoffe sollen dabei die Temperatur-Isolierung gewährleisten, insbesondere natürlich, wenn kein Brandgeschehen vorliegt. Dies gilt alles im besonderem Maße für Dacheindeckungen, wie sie heute gerade bei großflächig angelegten Geschäftsbauten z.B. für Super-Märkte üblich sind.Preventive fire protection is currently carried out with great effort in industrial construction. So smoke extraction systems, fire protection doors and sprinkler systems have long been state of the art. However, preventive measures are largely dispensed with, particularly when covering roofs and other areas. Ultimately, the reason for this is that no suitable measures are available to date. The installation of non-combustible insulation materials does not significantly improve the fire behavior. On the contrary, depending on the building material, for example in the case of a fiber insulation material, the fire can be worsened by wicking. Added to this is the fact that one cannot usually do without combustible building materials, particularly with roof coverings. For example, a roof covering needs a sealing membrane to cover it against weather influences. Such sealing sheets are usually plastic films or bituminous sealing or roofing sheets, which are also referred to as "roofing felt", for example. But it is precisely for these geomembranes that insulating materials result in the dangerous wicking effect during the fire. Incidentally, materials of fire class A according to DIN 41 0 2, such as perlite, mineral fibers or foam glass, cannot always be used as insulation materials. For cost and weight reasons, you often have to be satisfied with insulation materials of fire class B according to DIN 41 o2. These insulation materials are intended to ensure temperature insulation, especially, of course, if there is no fire. All this applies in particular to roof coverings, as are common today in large-scale commercial buildings, for example for supermarkets.

Umso gefährlicher sind diese Bauten, als ihnen dachseitig der Brandschutz fehlt. Die besondere Gefahr solcher Flachdächer liegt darin, daß durch das Brandgeschehen die Tragekonstruktion bis zum Einsturz dem brennenden Teilbereich belastet wird. Auch ein Auflasten mit Kies oder anderen unbrennbaren Plattenbelägen wirkt sich nachteilig aus, zumal dadurch die Standzeiten im Brandfalle wesentlich verringert werden.These buildings are all the more dangerous since they lack fire protection on the roof. The particular danger of such flat roofs lies in the fact that the supporting structure is burdened by the fire up to the point of collapse of the burning sub-area. Loading with gravel or other incombustible slab coverings also has a disadvantageous effect, especially since this significantly reduces the service life in the event of a fire.

Somit erfolgt ein Durchbrand durch das eingestürzte Dach; infolge dessen können die Flammen aus dem inneren des Gebäudes die brennbaren Dachbaustoffe, insbesondere die Dichtungsbahn, erreichen und entzünden. Da es sich aber bei den Dachbaustoff, wie der Dichtungsbahn, im Prinzip um Produkte aus der Petro-Chemie handelt, wird der Dachbrand dann wie ein Ölbrand fortschreiten. Löschwasser ist dabei in der Regel nicht das geeignete Mittel, so daß nur spezielle Löschmittel von Spezialfeuerwehren eingesetzt werden können, was im Brandfalle eine weitere Verzögerung und Komplikation bedeutet.This causes a burn through the collapsed roof; As a result, the flames from inside the building can reach and ignite the combustible roofing materials, especially the waterproofing membrane. However, since the roofing material, such as the waterproofing membrane, is basically a petrochemical product, the roof fire will then proceed like an oil fire. Extinguishing water is usually not the appropriate means, so that only special extinguishing agents from special fire departments can be used, which means a further delay and complication in the event of a fire.

Daher lauten die grundlegenden Forderungen, die die Erfindung lösen will:

  • 1. Insgesamt eine wesentliche Verminderung der Brandlast;
  • 2. nach Möglichkeit keine Verwendung von brennbaren Klebemitteln;
  • 3. Abschottung zwischen brennbarer Dachdichtung und Dämmstoff;
  • 4. unterhalb des Dämmstoffes Dampfsperren, ohne, bzw. mit geringster Brandlast;
  • Verhinderung des fortschreitenden Brandgeschehens durch geeignete Maßnahmen.
Therefore, the basic requirements that the invention wants to solve are:
  • 1. Overall, a significant reduction in the fire load;
  • 2. If possible, no use of flammable adhesives;
  • 3. partitioning between combustible roof seal and insulation material;
  • 4. Vapor barriers below the insulation, without or with the lowest fire load;
  • Prevention of the progressive fire by appropriate measures.

Dabei ist gerade die Erfüllung der letztgenannten Forderung, also ein fortschreitendes Brandgeschehen wirksam zu verhindern, die wichtigste; aber auch gerade sie ist bislang noch nicht gelöst. Der Erfindung liegt demnach ganz besonders die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Gefahr des Durchbrandes und eines fortschreitenden Brandgeschehens wie eines umsichgreifenden Flächenbrandes, auszuschalten.The most important of these is the fulfillment of the latter requirement, ie to effectively prevent progressive fire events; but it has not yet been resolved either. The invention is therefore particularly based on the task of eliminating the risk of burn-through and progressive fire events such as a widespread conflagration.

Es hat sich nun überraschenderweise gezeigt, daß diese Kernforderung durch eine Brandschutzbahn erfüllt wird, die aus einer Dichtungsbahn bekannter Art besteht, z.B. solcher Art, wie sie oben genannt ist, auf deren wenigstens einer Seite eine zusätzliche Flammschutzbahn angeordnet ist. Es handelt sich somit im Prinzip um eine zweischichtige Brandschutzbahn, bestehend aus einer Dichtungsbahn und einer Flammschutzbahn. Wesentlich dabei ist die Art der Flammschutzbahn. Erfindungsgemäß wird unter einer solchen Flammschutzbahn eine solche verstanden, die bei erhöhter Temperatur eine unbrennbare Flüssigkeit, wie z.B. Wasser, in Dampfform abgibt; sie kann außerdem dabei noch brandstickende Gase, wie z.B. Stickstoff, abscheiden. Als Flammschutzbahn im Sinne der Erfindung ist z.B. ein mit Wasserglas getränktes Glasfaser-Vlies besonders geeignet. Eine Brandschutzbahn dieser Art ist z.B. aus der DE-OS 29 6o 796 bekannt. Allgemein sind Brandschutzbahnen auf Glasfaser-Vlies-Basis geeignet, in denen kristallin gebundenes Wasser eingebettet ist. So kommt auch z.B. mit Wasser gesättigtes Kieselgur als Grundmaterial für die Flammschutzbahn in Frage. Solche wasserhaltigen Stoffe geben ungefähr bei 100°C ihr nur locker gebundenes Wasser ab; dabei schäumen sie bisweilen noch zusätzlich auf. Bei wasserhaltigen Ammoniumphosphaten als Grundmaterial für die Flammschutzbahn kommt noch zusätzlich als Vorteil hinzu, daß brandstickende Gase, z.B.Stickstoff, freigesetzt werden. Es hat sich nun überraschenderweise gezeigt, daß durch diese kombinierte Brandschutzbahn ein Fortschreiten des Brandes auf der an sich brennbaren Dichtungsbahn vollkommen verhindert wird. Eigentlich sollte man glauben, daß insbesondere bei aufschäumenden Flammschutzbahnen diese durch die Dochtwirkung für die Dichtungsbahn das Brandgeschehen noch weiter verschlechtern. Das Gegenteil ist jedoch der Fall. So wird zum Beispiel in derIt has now surprisingly been found that this core requirement is met by a fire protection membrane which consists of a sealing membrane of a known type, for example of the type mentioned above, on the at least one side of which an additional flame protection membrane is arranged. In principle, it is a two-layer fire protection membrane, consisting of a sealing membrane and a flame protection membrane. The type of flame retardant membrane is essential. According to the invention, such a flame retardant membrane is understood to be one which releases an incombustible liquid, such as water, in vapor form at elevated temperature; it can also separate fire-emitting gases such as nitrogen. A fiberglass fleece impregnated with water glass, for example, is particularly suitable as a flame retardant membrane in the sense of the invention. A fire protection membrane of this type is known, for example, from DE-OS 29 6o 796. Fire protection membranes based on glass fiber fleece are generally suitable, in which crystalline water is embedded. For example, diatomaceous earth saturated with water can also be used as the base material for the flame retardant membrane. Such water-containing substances only release their loosely bound water at around 100 ° C; there sometimes they foam up additionally. In the case of water-containing ammonium phosphates as the base material for the flame-retardant membrane, there is an additional advantage that fire-emitting gases, for example nitrogen, are released. It has now surprisingly been found that this combined fire protection sheet completely prevents the fire from progressing on the combustible sealing sheet. One should actually believe that, especially in the case of foaming flame-retardant membranes, due to the wicking effect for the waterproofing membrane, they further worsen the fire. However, the opposite is the case. For example, in the

DE-OS 28 07 697 als Beispiel Ammoniumphosphat genannt, das auch schaumbildende Wirkung besitzt. Hinzu kommen noch Harze, zum Beispiel Harnstoff-Formaldehyd-Harz oder dergleichen und Kohlehydrate oder Leim. Diese Stoffzusammensetzung bildet in der Flamme einen fest zusammenhängenden, porigen, kohlenstoffhaltigen Schaum. Auch aus den folgenden Patentschriften bzw. Unterlagen zu Patentanmeldungen sind solche Stoffzusammensetzungen bekannt: DE-PS 962 824, DE-AS 10 61 011, DE-PS 10 65 116, DE-OS 16 44 780, DE-OS 17 94 343 und DE-OS 22 00 104. Nach diesem Stand der Technik ist es auch bekannt, diese Stoffzusammensetzungen in pastöser Form auf Glasseidengewebe oder-Vliese aufzubringen; dadurch erhält man Flammschutz-Streifen. Als wärmezersetzliche organische Stickstoffverbindungen zur Abgabe wärmestickender Gase werden in diesem Stand der Technik vor allem Verbindungen von der Art des Harnstoffe, Melamins oder Dicyandiamis genannt, d.h. solche die Stickstoff in amidartiger Form gebunden enthalten. Nach diesem Stand der Technik hat jedoch der Anteil an Wasser oder Lösungsmittel ausdrücklich lediglich für die Verarbeitung der Stoffzusammensetzungen Bedeutung und richtet sich nach dem Erfordernis, daß die Masse streichbar, spachtelfähig oder auch fließfähig sein muß. (siehe z.B. DE-OS 28 07 697 auf Blatt 6 in den Zeilen 13 bis 16). Somit ist nach dem Stand der Technik lediglich die rein aufschäumende Wirkung dieser Stoffe bekannt, gegebenenfalls noch zusammen mit der Abgabe von Stickstoff. Daß jedoch solche Flammschutzbahnen trotz der ihnen eigentlich zukommenden Dochtwirkung für die Dichtungsbahn das Brandgeschehen noch weiter verschlechtern, ist vor diesem Stand der Technik nicht zu verstehen.DE-OS 28 07 697 called ammonium phosphate as an example, which also has a foam-forming effect. There are also resins, for example urea-formaldehyde resin or the like, and carbohydrates or glue. This substance composition forms a tightly coherent, porous, carbon-containing foam in the flame. Such compositions of matter are also known from the following patents or documents relating to patent applications: DE-PS 962 824, DE-AS 10 61 011, DE-PS 10 65 116, DE-OS 16 44 780, DE-OS 17 94 343 and DE -OS 22 00 104. According to this state of the art it is also known to apply these substance compositions in pasty form to glass silk fabric or nonwovens; this results in flame retardant strips. As heat-decomposable organic nitrogen compounds for releasing heat-emitting gases, above all compounds of the type of urea, melamine or dicyandiamis are mentioned in this prior art, ie those which contain nitrogen bound in amide-like form. According to this state of the art, however, the proportion of water or solvent is expressly only of importance for the processing of the compositions of matter and depends on the requirement that the mass must be spreadable, fillable or also flowable. (see e.g. DE-OS 28 07 697 on sheet 6 in lines 13 to 16). Thus, according to the prior art, only the purely foaming effect of these substances is known, possibly together with the release of nitrogen. However, it cannot be understood from this state of the art that such flame-retardant membranes, despite the wicking effect they actually have for the sealing membrane, make the fire even worse.

Eine mögliche Erklärung hierfür ist, daB im Falle von aus dem der Flammschutzbahn verdampften Wasser sich dieses auf der Dichtungsbahn kondensiert. Es wirht daher infolge seiner hohen Verdunstungswärme als wärmeverzehrende Schicht, die die Entflammung der Dichtungsbahn verunmöglicht. Verstärkt wird dieser Effekt gegebenenfalls noch durch die brandstickenden Gase.A possible explanation for this is that in the case of water evaporated from the flame retardant membrane, it condenses on the sealing membrane. Due to its high evaporation heat, it therefore acts as a heat-consuming layer, which prevents the sealing membrane from igniting. This effect is possibly enhanced by the fire-emitting gases.

Offenbar wird auch Wasserdampf aus dem kälteren, noch nicht angeflammten Teilen der Dichtungsbahn in die angeflammten Teile der Dichtungsbahn mit höherer Temperatur gezogen; entsprechendes gilt für die brandstickenden Gase. Dadurch wird die brandhemmende Wirkung gerade dort konzentriert, wo sie am notwendigsten ist. Dies scheint auf den für Gase nach den einschlägigen physikalischen Gesetzen bewirkten Druck-Differenzen infolge Temperatur-Differenzen zu beruhen (Knudsen-Effekt bzw. Thermo-Diffusion).Evidently, water vapor is also drawn from the colder, not yet flamed parts of the sealing membrane into the flaming parts of the sealing membrane at a higher temperature; the same applies to the fire-emitting gases. As a result, the fire-retardant effect is concentrated precisely where it is most necessary. This seems to be based on the pressure differences caused by gases according to the relevant physical laws due to temperature differences (Knudsen effect or thermal diffusion).

Eine solche erfindungsgemäβe Brandschutzbahn kann auch zur Nachrüstung herkömmlicher Dacheindeckungen eingesetzt werden; dazu wird die erfindungsgemäβe Brandschutzbahn mit der Flammschutzbahn aufjdie Oberseite der Dacheindeckung gelegt.Such a fire protection membrane according to the invention can also be used for retrofitting conventional roof coverings; for this purpose the fire protection membrane according to the invention is placed with the flame retardant membrane on the top of the roof covering.

Damit ist die Nachrüstung schon bewirkt. Es reicht erfahrungsgemäß eine Flammschutzbahn von ca. 1 mm Stärke; zu dicke Flammschutzbahnen sind immer weniger geeignet.The retrofitting is already done. Experience has shown that a flame retardant membrane of approx. 1 mm thickness is sufficient; Flame retardants that are too thick are less and less suitable.

Vervollständigt wird die Brandschutzbahn von einer Dämmbahn, die auf wenigstens einer freiverbliebenen Seite der Flammschutzbahn angeordnet ist. Als Grundmaterial für eine solche Dämmbahn kann jeder der vorbezeichneten Dämmstoffe verwendet werden. Die Dämmbahn bietet im Brandfall zusätzlich eine Hitzeisolierung ' zwischen der Flammschutzbahn mit der Dichtungsbahn und der übrigen freien Seite der Dämmbahn, die im Falle eines Daches die Dachunterseite ist. Dabei kann eine aufschäumende Flammschutzbahn noch zwischen der Dichtungsbahn und der Dämmbahn als Sperrschicht für eventuell brennbare Gase von der Dichtungsbahn wirken.The fire protection sheet is completed by an insulation sheet which is arranged on at least one free side of the flame protection sheet. Any of the aforementioned insulation materials can be used as the base material for such an insulation sheet. The insulation sheet has an additional heat in case of fire insulation 'between the flame path to the sealing sheet and the other free side of the insulation sheet, which is the roof side in the case of a roof. A foaming flame-retardant membrane can still act between the sealing membrane and the insulating membrane as a barrier for any combustible gases from the membrane.

Zur zusätzlichen Sicherung kann dann auf der freiverbliebenen Seite der Dämmbahn noch eine weitere Dampfsperrbahn angeordnet sein.For additional security, a further vapor barrier sheet can then be arranged on the remaining side of the insulation sheet.

Im Falle eines selbsttragenden Daches kann eine solche Brandschutzbahn auf einem ansich bekannten verzinkten Trapez-Blech angeordnet sein. Im einzelnen wurden folgende Dachaufbauten getestet:

  • Aufbau I: Verzinktes Trapez-Blech, darauf Dampfsperre (Kunststoff beschichtete Aluminiumfolie) von 110 Mikrometern, darauf eine Mineralfaserplatte Brandschutzklasse A 1 von 100 Millimetern, darauf eine erfindungsgemäße Flammschutzbahn von 1 Millimeter und schließlich eine Abdeckfolie von 2 Millimetern;
  • Aufbau II: Wie Aufbau 1 jedoch öhne Dampfsperre;
  • Aufbau III: Trapez-Blech, Perlite-Platten von der Brandschutzklasse B 2, Flammschutzbahn wie bai Aufbau I und Abdeckfolie wie bei Aufbau I;
  • Aufbau IV: Wie Aufbau III jedoch mit Dampfsperre.
In the case of a self-supporting roof, such a fire protection sheet can be arranged on a galvanized trapezoidal sheet known per se. The following roof structures were tested in detail:
  • Structure I: Galvanized trapezoidal sheet, on it a vapor barrier (plastic-coated aluminum foil) of 110 micrometers, on it a mineral fiber board fire protection class A1 of 100 millimeters, on it a flame retardant membrane of 1 millimeter and finally a cover foil of 2 millimeters;
  • Setup II: Like setup 1 but without vapor barrier;
  • Structure III: trapezoidal sheet, Perlite sheets from the Fire protection class B 2, flame retardant membrane as in structure I and cover film as in structure I;
  • Structure IV: Like Structure III, but with a vapor barrier.

Von oben auf die Abdeckfolie, sprich Dichtungsbahn, wurde ein üblicher Propangasbrenner im Abstand von ca. 25 cm gehalten. Bei allen Aufbauten brannte die äußere Abdeckfolie, sprich Dichtungsbahn, unter dem Einfluß der Gasflamme kreisrund nach außen und verlosch aber nach maximal 13 Minuten in einem Abstand von ca. 25 bis 3o cm zum Gasbrenner von selbst. Das Isolier-Material, sprich die Dämmbahn, war zwar kegelförmig nach unten hin ausgeglüht; jedoch zeigte die Blechoberfläche keinerlei Veränderungen. Die Brandfleckgroße betrug im Durchmesser bei allen Aufbauten maximal nur 58 cm. Während die Temperaturen im Brennzentrum nach ca. 2 bis 3 Minuten Werte im Bereich von 1000°C erreichten, blieben sie dann über die Versuchszeit nahezu konstant auf dieser Temperatur. Im Abstand von 3o cm vom Brennfleck wurden nur noch Temperaturen von maximal 100°C gemessen. Bei Isoliermaterial der Brandschutzklasse B 2 ergaben sich im Abstand von 45 cm Entfernung Temperaturen von maximal 100°C. Die Blechtemperaturen wichen in allen Fällen nur unwesentlich von der Umgebungstemperatur ab.A conventional propane gas burner was held at a distance of approx. 25 cm from above onto the cover film, i.e. the sealing membrane. In all superstructures, the outer cover film, i.e. the sealing membrane, burned outwards under the influence of the gas flame and went out by itself after a maximum of 13 minutes at a distance of approx. 25 to 30 cm from the gas burner. The insulating material, i.e. the insulation sheet, was indeed cone-shaped glow downwards; however, the sheet surface showed no changes. The burn spot size was a maximum of 58 cm in diameter for all superstructures. While the temperatures in the firing center reached values in the range of 1000 ° C after approx. 2 to 3 minutes, they remained almost constant at this temperature over the test period. At a distance of 3o cm from the focal point, only temperatures of a maximum of 100 ° C were measured. With insulation material of fire protection class B 2, temperatures of max. 100 ° C arose at a distance of 45 cm. In all cases, the sheet temperatures deviated only slightly from the ambient temperature.

Zusammenfassend brannten also die geprüften Aufbauten trotz ständiger Beflammung nur maximal 12 bis 13 Minuten selbstständig weiter und wurden nur in einem Durchmesser von maximal 58 cm zerstört. In 3o bzw. 45 cm Entfernung wurden nur mehr Temperaturen von maximal 100°C gemessen. Die Temperatur der Trapez-Bleche ändertesich gegenüber der Umgebungstemperatur nicht.In summary, the tested superstructures only continued to burn independently for a maximum of 12 to 13 minutes despite constant flaming and were only destroyed with a maximum diameter of 58 cm. At a distance of 3o or 45 cm, only temperatures of a maximum of 100 ° C were measured. The temperature of the trapezoidal sheets did not change compared to the ambient temperature.

Eine selbstständige Brandweiterleitung an der Oberfläche der Isolierschicht, also insbesondere auf der Dichtungsbahn, oder den Sicken der Trapez-Bleche war nicht zu beobachten.An independent fire propagation on the surface of the insulating layer, in particular on the sealing membrane, or the beads of the trapezoidal sheets was not observed.

Damit sind aber alle ursprünglichen grundlegenden Forderungen erfüllt. Die Brandlast ist wesentlich vermindert; brennbare Klebemittel sind nicht erforderlich; die brennbare Dachdichtung, sprich die Dichtungsbahn, ist von dem Dämmstoff abgeschottet; gegebenenfalls liegt unterhalb des Dämmstoffes, sprich der Dämmbahn, eine Dampfsperre ohne, bzw. mit geringster Brandlast vor. Das Brandgeschehen ist praktisch vollkommen behindert.This fulfills all of the original basic requirements. The fire load is significantly reduced; flammable adhesives are not required; the combustible roof seal, i.e. the sealing membrane, is sealed off from the insulation material; if necessary, there is a vapor barrier without or with the lowest fire load underneath the insulation material, i.e. the insulation membrane. The fire is practically completely hampered.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in den Zeichnungen dargestellt. Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 die perspektivische Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Brandschutzbahn;
  • Figur 2 eine erfindungsgemäße, selbsttragende Dacheindeckung nach der Brandschutzbahn.
An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawings. Show it:
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a fire protection membrane according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 shows a self-supporting roof covering according to the invention after the fire protection membrane.

In Figur 1 ist in perspektivischer Ansicht ein Element der erfindungsgemäβen Brandschutzbahn dargestellt. Mit der Bezugsziffer 1 ist die Dichtungsbahn gekennzeichnet. Sie ist in einem Teil ihrer Fläche aufgebrochen, um so die Fläche der Flammschutzbahn 2 sichtbar zu machen. Die Vlies-Struktur der Flammschutzbahn2 ist durch unregelmäßige Musterung angedeutet. Die glatte Beschaffenheit der Dichtungsbahn 1 hingegen ist durch eine dünne Linienschraffur angedeutet.FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an element of the fire protection membrane according to the invention. The sealing membrane is identified by reference number 1. She's broken her face in a part to make s o the area of the flame retardant web 2 visible. The fleece structure of the flame retardant membrane 2 is indicated by irregular patterns. The smooth nature of the sealing membrane 1, however, is indicated by a thin line hatching.

Die Dichtungsbahn 1 ist auf der Flammschutzbahn 2 angeordnet. Im Falle von Wasserglas oder silikatischen Grundstoffen der Flammschutzbahn kann eine einstückige Verbindung zwischen der Dichtungsbahn und der Flammschutzbahn durch einfache Wasserklebung erzielt werden; so ist die Elebeeigenschaft von Wasserglas schon längst bekannt.The sealing membrane 1 is arranged on the flame retardant membrane 2. In the case of water glass or silicate base materials of the flame retardant membrane, a one-piece connection between the sealing membrane and the flame retardant membrane can be achieved by simple water bonding; The elegant quality of water glass has long been known.

In Figur 2 ist ein Ausschnitt einer Brandschutzbahn zu einer Dacheindeckung dargestellt. Wieder ist die Dichtungsbahn 1 durch schräge Linien schraffiert gezeichnet; die Flammschutzbahn 2 ist mit ihrer Vlies-Struktur ebenfalls durch unregelmäßige Schraffur wieder verdeutlicht. Dichtungsbahn 1 und Flammschutzbahn 2 sind im Vordergrund der Abbildung aufgebrochen; dadurch wird dann die auf der freiverbliebenen Seite der Flammschutzbahn 2 angeordnete Dämmbahn 3 sichtbar, die ihrerseits wieder aufgebrochen ist, um das Trapez-Blech als Trageteil sichtbar zu machen. Die Dämmbahn 3 ist punktiert dargestellt, um ihre poröse Struktur anzudeuten. Nicht dargestellt ist eine zwischen der Dämmbahn 3 und dem Trapezblech 4 mögliche Dampfsperr-Folie. Mit der Bezugsziffer 5 ist eine Haltelasche gekennzeichnet, die durch Schrauben gegen das Trapez-Blech gehalten wird; als Schrauben kommen insbesondere gewöhnliche Blechtreibschrauben in Frage. Durch diese mechanische Verankerung werden die Windlasten sicher aufgenommen und brennbare Teile unter der Flammschutzbahn nicht mehr benötigt. Außerdem wird die Brandlast durch Einsparung von Kleberschichten herabgemindert.FIG. 2 shows a section of a fire protection membrane for a roof covering. Again, the sealing membrane 1 is hatched by oblique lines; the flame-retardant membrane 2 is also illustrated with its non-woven structure by irregular hatching. Sealing membrane 1 and flame retardant membrane 2 are broken open in the foreground of the figure; as a result, the insulation sheet 3 arranged on the remaining side of the flame retardant sheet 2 is then visible, which in turn has broken open again in order to make the trapezoidal sheet visible as a supporting part. The insulation sheet 3 is shown dotted to indicate its porous structure. Not shown is a possible vapor barrier film between the insulation sheet 3 and the trapezoidal sheet 4. The reference number 5 denotes a retaining tab which is held against the trapezoidal sheet by screws; ordinary sheet metal screws are particularly suitable as screws. This mechanical anchoring safely absorbs the wind loads and combustible parts under the flame retardant membrane are no longer required. In addition, the fire load is reduced by saving on adhesive layers.

Die in Figur 2 dargestellte Dacheindeckung kann insbesondere als fertig zusammengesetztes Dacheindeckungselement, also als eine Mehrschichtplatte, auf den Markt gebracht werden.The roof covering shown in FIG. 2 can be brought onto the market in particular as a fully assembled roof covering element, that is to say as a multi-layer panel.

Liste der Bezugszeichen:List of reference numerals:

  • 1) Dichtungsbahn1) geomembrane
  • 2 Flammschutzbahn2 flame retardant membrane
  • 3 Dämmbahn3 insulation sheet
  • 4 Trapez-Blech4 trapezoidal sheet
  • 5 Haltelasche5 retaining tab
  • 6 Blechtreibschraube6 self-tapping screw

Claims (9)

1. Brandschutzbahn, insbesondere zur Dachabdeckung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf wenigstens einer Seite einer Dichtungsbahn (1) eine Flammschutzbahn (2) angeordnet ist.1. Fire protection membrane, in particular for roof covering, characterized in that a flame protection membrane (2) is arranged on at least one side of a sealing membrane (1). 2. Brandschutzbahn nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf wenigstens einer freiverbliebenen Seite der Flammschutzbahn (2) eine Dämmbahn (3) angeordnet ist.2. Fire protection sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that an insulation sheet (3) is arranged on at least one remaining free side of the flame protection sheet (2). 3. Brandschutzbahn nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf der freiverbliebenen Seite der Dämmbahn (3) eine Dampfsperrbahn angeordnet ist.3. Fire protection sheet according to claim 2, characterized in that a vapor barrier sheet is arranged on the remaining side of the insulation sheet (3). 4. Brandschutzbahn, bestehend aus einer insbesondere brennbaren Dichtungsbahn (1) mit einer Brandschutzlage nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Brandschutzlage als Flammschutzbahn (2) ausgebildet ist, die bei erhöhter Temperatur eine unbrennbare Flüssigkeit insbesondere in Dampfform abgibt.4. Fire protection membrane, consisting of a particularly flammable sealing membrane (1) with a fire protection layer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fire protection layer is designed as a flame protection membrane (2) which releases an incombustible liquid, in particular in vapor form, at elevated temperature. 5. Brandschutzbahn nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüchen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Flammschutzbahn (2) bei erhöhter Temperatur auch brandstickende Gase abgibt.5. Fire protection membrane according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flame protection membrane (2) also emits fire-emitting gases at elevated temperature. 6. Brandschutzbahn nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüchen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Flammschutzbahn (2) bei erhöhter Temperatur Wasserdampf abgibt.6. Fire protection membrane according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flame protection membrane (2) emits water vapor at an elevated temperature. 7. Brandschutzbahn nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüchen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Flammschutzbahn (2) bei erhöhter Temperatur Stickstoff abscheidet.7. Fire protection sheet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flame retardant sheet (2) deposits nitrogen at elevated temperature. 8. Brandschutzbahn nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüchen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Flammschutzbahn (2) kristallin, in Wasserglas oder in Kieselgur gebundenes Wasser enthält.8. Fire protection membrane according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flame retardant membrane (2) contains crystalline water bound in water glass or in diatomaceous earth. 9. Brandschutzbahn nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüchen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Flammschutzbahn (2) wasserhaltiges Ammoniumphosphat enthält.9. Fire protection membrane according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flame protection membrane (2) contains water-containing ammonium phosphate.
EP83105249A 1982-06-03 1983-05-27 Fire-resistant layer Expired EP0096308B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83105249T ATE23591T1 (en) 1982-06-03 1983-05-27 FIRE PROTECTION RAIL.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3220821A DE3220821C2 (en) 1982-06-03 1982-06-03 Fire-proof waterproofing membrane
DE3220821 1982-06-03

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0096308A2 true EP0096308A2 (en) 1983-12-21
EP0096308A3 EP0096308A3 (en) 1984-07-18
EP0096308B1 EP0096308B1 (en) 1986-11-12

Family

ID=6165143

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83105249A Expired EP0096308B1 (en) 1982-06-03 1983-05-27 Fire-resistant layer

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0096308B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE23591T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3220821C2 (en)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0279775A2 (en) * 1987-01-20 1988-08-24 Hugo Baltensperger Process for manufactoring a fire-retardent insulation material
EP0591691A1 (en) * 1992-09-08 1994-04-13 Roland-Werke Dachbaustoffe und Bauchemie GmbH & Co. KG Covering, particularly for roofs, and sealing membrane for such a covering
EP0854251A2 (en) * 1997-01-16 1998-07-22 Grünzweig + Hartmann AG Mineral wool roof insulating slab for flat roofs
WO2002097209A1 (en) * 2001-05-24 2002-12-05 Rockwool Limited Mineral wool barriers and their construction
DE19610532B4 (en) * 1995-03-22 2004-09-23 Rasontec N.V. By Rabobank Trust Co. Curacao N.V. Fire curtain
DE19655253B4 (en) * 1995-03-22 2008-04-03 Rasontec N.V. By Rabobank Trust Co. Curacao N.V. Fire-resistant curtain for public building - with coil core supported adjustably within guide which prevents inserted curtain edge being drawn out.

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3409897A1 (en) * 1984-03-17 1985-09-19 August Wilhelm Andernach Kg FIRE PROTECTION RAILWAY WITH STEAM BARRIER
DE3824598A1 (en) * 1988-07-19 1990-01-25 Gruenzweig & Hartmann INSERT FOR FIRE PROTECTION DOORS WITH PEBBLE SOL

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US3050424A (en) * 1957-11-08 1962-08-21 Thilmany Pulp & Paper Company Flameproof sheet
FR2145709A1 (en) * 1971-07-13 1973-02-23 Shimizu Keisuke
FR2152207A5 (en) * 1971-09-11 1973-04-20 Dynamit Nobel Ag
US3934066A (en) * 1973-07-18 1976-01-20 W. R. Grace & Co. Fire-resistant intumescent laminates
DE2349666B2 (en) * 1973-10-03 1978-01-05 Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf PLASTIC RAILWAY WITH A FIRE PROTECTION LAYER
US4122203A (en) * 1978-01-09 1978-10-24 Stahl Joel S Fire protective thermal barriers for foam plastics
US4289680A (en) * 1974-12-09 1981-09-15 Ishikawa Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Heat resistant and fire-proof synthetic resin material containing inorganic substances and process of producing same

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DE1752585U (en) * 1957-06-14 1957-09-19 Rudolf Stoecker FIRE ARROW.
GB1477658A (en) * 1974-10-08 1977-06-22 Ici Ltd Laminates
DE2655038A1 (en) * 1976-12-04 1978-06-08 Kalk Chemische Fabrik Gmbh Process for the production of flame-retardant, corrugated bitumen sheets
JPS56130341A (en) * 1980-03-19 1981-10-13 Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd Manufacture of refractory heat insulating material

Patent Citations (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3050424A (en) * 1957-11-08 1962-08-21 Thilmany Pulp & Paper Company Flameproof sheet
FR2145709A1 (en) * 1971-07-13 1973-02-23 Shimizu Keisuke
FR2152207A5 (en) * 1971-09-11 1973-04-20 Dynamit Nobel Ag
US3934066A (en) * 1973-07-18 1976-01-20 W. R. Grace & Co. Fire-resistant intumescent laminates
DE2349666B2 (en) * 1973-10-03 1978-01-05 Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf PLASTIC RAILWAY WITH A FIRE PROTECTION LAYER
US4289680A (en) * 1974-12-09 1981-09-15 Ishikawa Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Heat resistant and fire-proof synthetic resin material containing inorganic substances and process of producing same
US4122203A (en) * 1978-01-09 1978-10-24 Stahl Joel S Fire protective thermal barriers for foam plastics
DE2900535A1 (en) * 1978-01-09 1979-11-08 Joel S Stahl FIRE PROTECTION THERMAL INSULATION FOR FOAM PLASTICS AND PROCESS FOR THEIR PRODUCTION

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0279775A2 (en) * 1987-01-20 1988-08-24 Hugo Baltensperger Process for manufactoring a fire-retardent insulation material
EP0279775A3 (en) * 1987-01-20 1988-10-05 Hugo Baltensperger Fire-retardant insulation material, manufacturing process and use
EP0591691A1 (en) * 1992-09-08 1994-04-13 Roland-Werke Dachbaustoffe und Bauchemie GmbH & Co. KG Covering, particularly for roofs, and sealing membrane for such a covering
DE19610532B4 (en) * 1995-03-22 2004-09-23 Rasontec N.V. By Rabobank Trust Co. Curacao N.V. Fire curtain
DE19655253B4 (en) * 1995-03-22 2008-04-03 Rasontec N.V. By Rabobank Trust Co. Curacao N.V. Fire-resistant curtain for public building - with coil core supported adjustably within guide which prevents inserted curtain edge being drawn out.
EP0854251A2 (en) * 1997-01-16 1998-07-22 Grünzweig + Hartmann AG Mineral wool roof insulating slab for flat roofs
WO2002097209A1 (en) * 2001-05-24 2002-12-05 Rockwool Limited Mineral wool barriers and their construction
GB2393119A (en) * 2001-05-24 2004-03-24 Rockwool Ltd Mineral wool barriers and their construction
GB2393119B (en) * 2001-05-24 2005-02-23 Rockwool Ltd Mineral wool barriers and their construction

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0096308B1 (en) 1986-11-12
EP0096308A3 (en) 1984-07-18
DE3220821C2 (en) 1985-02-07
ATE23591T1 (en) 1986-11-15
DE3367642D1 (en) 1987-01-02
DE3220821A1 (en) 1983-12-08

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