EP0096037B1 - Hydraulic down-the-hole rock drill - Google Patents

Hydraulic down-the-hole rock drill Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0096037B1
EP0096037B1 EP82902170A EP82902170A EP0096037B1 EP 0096037 B1 EP0096037 B1 EP 0096037B1 EP 82902170 A EP82902170 A EP 82902170A EP 82902170 A EP82902170 A EP 82902170A EP 0096037 B1 EP0096037 B1 EP 0096037B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drill bit
hydraulic
drilling
drill
engine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82902170A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0096037A1 (en
Inventor
Karl-Erik Nyman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT82902170T priority Critical patent/ATE17516T1/de
Publication of EP0096037A1 publication Critical patent/EP0096037A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0096037B1 publication Critical patent/EP0096037B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
    • E21B4/06—Down-hole impacting means, e.g. hammers
    • E21B4/14—Fluid operated hammers

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to a hydraulically operated down-the-hole rock drill adapted for drilling deep, thick and rough holes in the rock and in firm ground.
  • Today so-called rotary drilling is mainly used when drilling holes of the type mentioned above, which means that a specially shaped drill bit is pressed down and similtaneously rotated into the ground. Due to the fact that the drill bit is provided with inserts of different shapes, the rock or earth material is crushed or ground.
  • the drill bit is mounted on a tubular drill string, the diameter of which is smaller than the diameter of the drill bit.
  • the drill string is given a rotational movement by means of a machine assembly placed above ground.
  • This machine assembly also comprises means for supporting the drill string.
  • the rock and earth material (called the cuttings) ground by the drill bit is transported to the ground level by flushing with water or any specially composed washing or flushing fluid, so-called drilling mud.
  • the flushing is performed by pressing the drilling mud by means of a pump through a centre hole in the drill string and through flush openings in the drill bit at the bottom of the bore hole, whereupon the drilling mud flows to the ground level on the outside of the drill string and thus carries away the cuttings.
  • the main parts of the cuttings are separated from the drilling mud, e.g. by settling the mud in basins, whereupon it is again pumped down through the drill string.
  • Rotary drilling of the above type is mainly used for soft sedimentary rock types.
  • the method is expensive since the drilling rate will be very low and the wear of the drill bit severe.
  • hammer drilling a completely different drilling method is used called hammer drilling, which means that an impact piston is brought to strike against the drill string and/or the drill bit at a high frequency and the drill string is simultaneously slowly rotated.
  • the machines used for this application are usually driven by compressed air, i.e. the impact piston is driven by compressed air.
  • the compressed air is normally also taking care of the flushing up of the cuttings.
  • this method uses a so-called sinker hammer, which means that the bore hammer with its impact piston is mounted on a tubular drill string and is sunk down into the bore hole by means of a rotary machine with essentially the same construction as the one described above for rotary drilling.
  • the cuttings must be removed from the hole, which with regard to deep holes always is performed by means of a drilling mud since the hydrostatic pressure in the hole is too great to use compressed air. It might be possible to use the drilling mud in order to drive a hydraulic hammer rock drill but this would be out of the question to a skilled person. No matter how careful the drilling mud is settled before it is recirculated, the drilling mud always contains great amounts of sand and abrasive particles which would rapidly abrade and destroy the valve mechanism of the hammer rock drill. Such a hammer rock drill must be driven with clean hydraulic oil and especially when one wishes to drive the hammer rock drill at high pressures, in the order of 150 bar, the hydraulic oil must be of a very high grade.
  • a method for drilling deep holes in the rock or the like where the hole is drilled by means of a drill bit attached to one end of a drill string and the cuttings obtained during drilling are removed from the hole by means of a drilling mud, which is forced down through the drill string and flushed through the drill bit and is pressed out of the hole, the energy of the drilling mud being in part used to drive a hydraulic engine placed close to the drill bit in the hole.
  • the method is characterized in that the output shaft of the engine is used to drive a hydraulic impact device which delivers a plurality of strokes to the drill bit, so-called hammer drilling.
  • the output shaft of the engine is adapted to drive a hydraulic pump to provide high pressure hydraulic fluid to the impact apparatus.
  • the hydraulic fluid is thus enclosed in a closed circuit and a very clean hydraulic oil of high grade may be used in order to guarantee a safe operation.
  • the hammer rock drill in accordance with the invention which has been sunk down may be brought to rotate by means of a machine unit placed at the ground level or alternatively, the output shaft of the hydraulic engine may also provide rotation of the drill bit.
  • the drill bit only carries the load of the hydraulic engine and the impact apparatus and is independent of the length of the drill string supplied in the hole, which easily can be provided by means of a pilot control.
  • the present invention also relates to an apparatus for drilling deep holes in the rock and the like, comprising a drill bit attached to the end of a drill string through which a drilling mud flows to transport the cuttings obtained at the drilling out of the hole, and a hydraulic engine which is adapted to be driven by a part of the energy of the dilling mud, the hydraulic engine being placed close to the drill bit.
  • the apparatus is characterized in that an impact apparatus is driven by the output shaft of the hydraulic engine and strikes against the drill bit.
  • Fig. 1 is a longitudinal view in section of one embodiment of the invention and Figs. 2 to 7 are corss-sectional views of the embodiment of Fig. 1 taken along the lines II-II, III-III, IV-IV, V-V, VI-VI and VII-VII.
  • the apparatus mainly consists of seven interconnected or integral units, which in Fig. 1 are denoted A-G.
  • Unit A consists of a tubular drill string of known construction, which is composed of separate pieces interconnected by means of tapered thread joints and extends to the ground level.
  • the drill string is rotated by means of a machine unit on the ground level, which also comprises devices of known construction for inserting and taking up the drill string of the bore hole.
  • the drill string is dimensioned to withstand not only any appearing torque or axial forces but even a comparatively high inside hydraulic pressure from the drilling mud.
  • Unit B consists of a feeding or pilot control unit by means of which it is assured that the drill bit is pressed against the bottom of the bore hole with an adequate force.
  • Unit C consists of a hydraulic engine of known construction, which during an acceptable time of life may be driven by means of the hydraulic energy of the drilling mud.
  • This drilling mud may be water or any other drilling mud or liquid and is mixed with soil particles.
  • the length of the hydraulic engine is great compared to its diameter.
  • Unit D consists of a hydraulic pump of known construction, but with a special construction.
  • the hydraulic pump emits clean high pressure hydraulic oil.
  • Unit E consists of an oil tank with an oil filter.
  • the length of the oil tank is great compared to its diameter and it is provided with passages in the wall of the tank for the drilling mud and the hydraulic oil.
  • Unit F consists of a hydraulically driven hammer rock drill, whose fundamental mode of action with regard to the impact mechanism does not differ from known constructions.
  • the hammer rock drill is adapted to be able to work as a sinkhammer downwards in the bore hole, and so it is i.e. provided with flushing passages for the drilling mud and an adapter for transferring of torque, axial forces and strokes directly to the drill bit.
  • Unit G consists of a drill bit of known construction including inserts or pins made of hard carbide steel as well as flushing passages for the drilling mud.
  • the apparatus of the invention comprises a drill string 1, which consists of a number of interconnected drill string sections.
  • the drill string 1 is the connecting link to the ground level.
  • the pilot unit (B) is connected to the drill string.
  • This consists of a top unit 2, a cylinder tube 3 and a base unit 4, all units being interconnected by means of thread joints.
  • the lower portion of the cylinder tube 3 is provided with four circumferentially spaced openings 5.
  • the base unit 4 is provided with a square passage 6.
  • a piston 7 is movably arranged inside the cylinder tube 3 and sealed hereagainst.
  • the piston is fixedly attached to a piston rod 8, which is tubular with a square outer shape.
  • the piston rod 8 runs with a small or loose fit in the square passage 6 of the base unit 4.
  • the upper portion of the piston rod is provided with a valve mechanism 9, consisting of a cylindrical tube with a valve opening 10. This cylindrical tube is closed at the top end and fits closely in a cylindrical hole 11 in the top unit 2.
  • Drilling mud is pressed through the boring tube 1, and the direction of the drilling mud appears from the solid line arrows in Fig. 1.
  • the drilling mud flows through the valve openings 10, through the piston rod 8, which is hollow and through a hydraulic engine 12.
  • the drilling mud presses the piston 7 downwards as the fluid pressure is lower in the cylinder tube 3 under the piston 7, which space communicates with the bore hole outside the cylinder tube.
  • the hydraulic engine 12 is provided with an inlet opening 13 and an outlet opening.14 for the drilling. mud and is also provided with an output shaft 15 which is rotated when the drilling mud flows through the engine.
  • the engine is of a well-known construction and will not be described more closely herein. Any engine may be used that can be driven by the drilling mud without being destroyed in a short period of time.
  • the output shaft 15 of the hydraulic engine is connected to the input shaft 17 of a hydraulic pump 16.
  • the hydraulic pump emits high pressure hydraulic oil (15-20 MPa) to a damping accumulator 19, which is comprised in the hammer rock drill 18.
  • the hydraulic oil is transferred to a slide mechanism 20 of the hammer rock drill, the construction of which implies that an impact piston 21 is given a rapid reciprocating impact movement.
  • the impact piston 21 strikes with its lower portion against an adapter 22, at which the drill bit 23 is firmly threaded.
  • the impact from the impact piston is thus transferred to the drill bit, which crushes soil or rock material in the bottom of the bore hole.
  • the hydraulic oil is returned from the slide mechanism 20 to an oil tank 24 and thence back to the hydraulic pump 16.
  • the path of the hydraulic oil appears from the dotted arrows in Fig. 1.
  • the drilling mud When the drilling mud has left the hydraulic engine 16 it is transported through passages 26 past the oil tank 24 and the hammer rock drill 18 to the adapter 22 and out through a flushing hole 25 in the drill bit 23.
  • the bottom of the bore hole is flushed from crushed material (cuttings), which is carried by the drilling mud upwards along the outside of the apparatus between the apparatus and the wall 27 of the bore hole up to the ground level, where the drilling mud is collected in separate basins in which the main part of the cuttings is separated from the drilling mud whereupon it is pumped down once again through the drill string.
  • the torque from a rotary machine (not shown) placed at the ground level is transferred through the drill string 1 and the pilot unit (B) through the square passage 6 and the square piston rod 8 to the other integral units C-F. From the hammer rock drill (F) the torque is transferred to the adapter and the drill bit 26 since the adapter is provided with splines 28.
  • the apparatus When the drilling is to be started the apparatus is connected by means of thread joints to a rotary machine placed on the ground level, whereupon the apparatus is sunk down into the bore hole until the drill bit reaches the ground level or the bottom of the bore hole.
  • the top unit 2 moves towards the valve mechanism 9, of which the outside cylindrical part is inserted into and cooperates with the upper cylindrical holes 11 of the top unit with a good fitting.
  • the inner channel, i.e. the cylindrical hole 11, of the drill string is sealed so that the drilling mud is prevented from passing further through the piston rod 8.
  • the drill string 1 is lifted a small distance until the top edge of the valve mechanism 9 exposes the cylindrical hole 11 in the top unit and gives free passage for the drilling mud.
  • the rotary machine starts to rotate the drilling string and thereby the apparatus as well as starts the pump placed at ground level for the drilling mud. Thereafter the hydraulic engine and the hydraulic pump set the impact piston into operation and the hammer rock drill is moved downwards as the drill bit crushes soil or rock material.
  • the drill string 1, the top unit 2 and the cylinder tube 3 rotate without moving vertically.
  • the feed pressure on the drill bit 26 only consists of the dead weight of the units C-G, the piston 7 and the piston rod 8, and the hydraulic differential pressure on the top of the piston 7.
  • the piston 7 will once again cover the openings 5 in the side of the cylinder tube 3 making the drilling mud to pass through the piston rod 8 to the hydraulic engine 12, and the impact piston starting to strike against the adapter and the drill bit.
  • the hydraulic pressure of the drilling mud is instantaneously raised.
  • the drill string 1 is lifted a small distance until the passage for the drilling mud is free, whereafter the drill string is vertically kept unmovable and is only rotated until the drill bit and thus the piston 7 once again reaches below the openings 5 and the cycle is repeated.
  • the step-by-step sinking of the drill string 1 into the bore hole a distance corresponding to the piston stroke may be done automatically for example by means of the mechanism of the rotary machine which performs the vertical movements of the drill string (feed unit).
  • This mechanism may be adapted to sink the drill string when the hydraulic pressure instantaneously decreases in the drilling mud and to stop when the pressure instantaneously increases in relation to preset values.
  • the drill string may also be fed with a constant preset feeding rate, the feeding rate being modified by the sensor signals disclosed above.
  • the apparatus provides a comparatively constant and limited pressure on the drill bit during drilling, which is desired for example in order to decrease the wear of the drill bit and the torque required. Moreover, it is prevented that the impact piston strikes against the drill bit when it is not resting on the bottom of the bore hole, which is essential in order not to damage the drill bit.
  • the pilot control makes it possible for the drill string to move vertically a limited distance during drilling if the pump forthe drilling mud is provided with an overflow valve, so that the drilling mud overflows at the pump on the ground level, if the pressure in the drilling mud exceeds a preset value.
  • This makes it possible for example to perform drilling with a drilling machine mounted on a raft which is moving vertically during high sea.
  • the hydraulic pump may be any known type of pump, e.g. a diaphragm pump.
  • the hydraulic engine and the hydraulic pump may be replaced by two mechanically interconnected hydraulic cylinders, one of which works as an engine and is driven by the drilling mud and the other works as a pump for the hydraulic oil.
  • a suitable ratio for the cross-sectional areas of the two hydraulic cylinders e.g. 3:1 the desired pressure for the hydraulic oil may be obtained.
  • the slide and valve mechanism of the hydraulic pistons may be interconnected for mutual movement.
  • the apparatus in accordance with the invention is intended for drilling very deep holes, e.g. drilling for oil. Especially at drilling for oil at sea, the costs of operation per day are very high. For this reason the apparatus in accordance with the invention only has to be constructed in such a way to safely manage to drill one complete bore hole, after which operation the apparatus may be discarded. However, if the apparatus stops working or gets stuck when the drilling of the hole has come half way, the costs for taking up the apparatus or possibly drilling a new sloping hole adjacent the apparatus that has got stuck may be very high. Due to the fact that the apparatus in accordance with the invention manages a bore rate which is approximately twice the bore rate of known drills for drilling oil, a substantial saving may be obtained when drilling such deep holes, especially when drilling for oil at sea.
  • the invention described above refers to a method and an appartus for making bore holes in the ground or rock where the drilling mud has the double function of driving a hydraulic hammer rock drill at the bottom of the bore hole on the one hand, and on the other hand to flush out crushed soil or rock material from the bore hole. Due to the invention it will now be technically possible to make bore holes of up to several thousand meters depth with a hammer rock drill where an impact piston strikes the drill bit which is simultaneously rotated. This means that the drilling capacity (drilling rate) with regard to known methods may be doubled and in some cases even tenfolded, i.e. depending on the hardness of the rock.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Fertilizing (AREA)
  • Jellies, Jams, And Syrups (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
  • Sanitary Device For Flush Toilet (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
EP82902170A 1981-07-13 1982-07-09 Hydraulic down-the-hole rock drill Expired EP0096037B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82902170T ATE17516T1 (de) 1981-07-13 1982-07-09 Hydraulische bohrloch-gesteinsbohrmaschine.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8104328 1981-07-13
SE8104328A SE8104328L (sv) 1981-07-13 1981-07-13 Hydraulisk senkborrmaskin

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0096037A1 EP0096037A1 (en) 1983-12-21
EP0096037B1 true EP0096037B1 (en) 1986-01-15

Family

ID=20344244

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82902170A Expired EP0096037B1 (en) 1981-07-13 1982-07-09 Hydraulic down-the-hole rock drill

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0096037B1 (no)
JP (1) JPS58501082A (no)
AT (1) ATE17516T1 (no)
CA (1) CA1201946A (no)
DE (1) DE3268535D1 (no)
DK (1) DK156518C (no)
FI (1) FI76865C (no)
NO (1) NO162352C (no)
SE (1) SE8104328L (no)
WO (1) WO1983000183A1 (no)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2535780A1 (fr) * 1982-11-04 1984-05-11 Boniface Andre Perfectionnement aux marteaux-fond de trou pour forage des sols
SE444127B (sv) * 1984-06-25 1986-03-24 Atlas Copco Ab Tryckvetskedriven senkborrmaskin
FR2597543B1 (fr) * 1986-04-17 1988-06-24 Soletanche Dispositif pour le forage immerge de fondations
NO169088C (no) * 1989-11-08 1992-05-06 Norske Stats Oljeselskap Trykkforsterker for montering ovenfor borkronen ved den nedre ende av et boreroer for dypboring, samt trykkforsterkergruppe omfattende et flertall slike trykkforsterkere
BR9107023A (pt) * 1990-11-19 1993-08-17 Norske Stats Oljeselskap Grupo conversor e conversor de pressao particulamente para emprego no mesmo
AU8934691A (en) * 1990-11-19 1992-06-11 Den Norske Stats Oljeselskap A.S. Pressure converter
FR2694332B1 (fr) * 1992-07-30 1994-10-14 Jacques Campguilhem Marteau piqueur fond de trou hydraulique.
AU2010200944B2 (en) * 2009-09-17 2018-02-22 Jfk Equipment Limited Drilling Apparatus
CN102418344B (zh) * 2011-06-17 2014-02-19 北京荣创科宏岩土工程有限公司 喷射器、钻头组合结构及组合钻具
EP3336301B1 (de) * 2016-12-19 2023-09-13 BAUER Maschinen GmbH Drehbohrwerkzeug und verfahren zum erstellen einer bohrung
CN112922530B (zh) * 2021-02-05 2022-03-29 吉林大学 一种定向钻进用空气反循环潜孔锤自回转钻具
CN114382406A (zh) * 2022-02-22 2022-04-22 山西开源益通矿业设备制造有限公司 定向冲击岩孔施工设备

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1101265A (fr) * 1954-03-18 1955-10-04 Procédé de forage et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé
GB764099A (en) * 1954-12-10 1956-12-19 Bataafsche Petroleum Improvements in or relating to well drilling assemblies
NL286163A (no) * 1961-11-30 1900-01-01
US3232362A (en) * 1963-11-12 1966-02-01 Cullen Well drilling apparatus
US3899033A (en) * 1974-01-03 1975-08-12 Huisen Allen T Van Pneumatic-kinetic drilling system
US3964558A (en) * 1974-11-13 1976-06-22 Texas Dynamatics, Inc. Fluid actuated downhole drilling device
US4256191A (en) * 1979-03-28 1981-03-17 Reed Tool Company Intermittent high-drag oil well drilling methods and apparatus
GB2055927A (en) * 1979-08-10 1981-03-11 Eng Enterpr Wellbore drilling tool

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK156518B (da) 1989-09-04
ATE17516T1 (de) 1986-02-15
NO830837L (no) 1983-03-10
EP0096037A1 (en) 1983-12-21
DE3268535D1 (en) 1986-02-27
CA1201946A (en) 1986-03-18
NO162352B (no) 1989-09-04
FI76865C (fi) 1988-12-12
FI832846A0 (fi) 1983-08-08
WO1983000183A1 (en) 1983-01-20
DK156518C (da) 1990-01-22
FI76865B (fi) 1988-08-31
JPS58501082A (ja) 1983-07-07
NO162352C (no) 1989-12-13
DK117283A (da) 1983-03-11
SE8104328L (sv) 1983-01-14
DK117283D0 (da) 1983-03-11
FI832846A (fi) 1983-08-08

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