Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas

Definitions

• the invention relates to a fuel for an internal combustion engine, consisting of the mixture of a fuel gas and an additive normally liquid under ambient conditions of temperature and pressure chosen from hydrocarbons, alcohols and mixtures of these products.
• the invention therefore essentially aims to design a fuel for an internal combustion engine, consisting of a mixture of fuel gas and an additive normally liquid under ambient conditions of temperature and pressure, chosen from hydrocarbons and / or alcohols and / or mixtures of these products.
• a fuel according to the invention is essentially characterized by the fact that the additive is present in the mixture at a rate of approximately 160 to 240 grams per meter gaseous fuel cube, this fuel being intended to be combined with atmospheric air as an oxidizer.
• the proportion of additive would be insufficient and the fuel would have ordinary characteristics; in other words, such a fuel would bring only few advantages compared to the fuels commonly used.
• the additive content was greater than approximately 240 grams per cubic meter of gaseous fuel, the performance of the new fuel would be exceptional, but this fuel would be too difficult to control (in particular vaporization temperature); the use of the mixture as fuel for an internal combustion engine would then be impossible in practice.
• the fuel of the invention combines the respective advantages of liquid fuels (ordinary petrol or super petrol) and liquefied gaseous fuels (liquefied petroleum gas LPG) without have the disadvantages s low cost, low pollution, higher calorific value, high octane number, reduced consumption, higher engine acceleration times, higher lubricating power at the exhaust valves, low deposits in the engine resulting in less maintenance, etc.
• the fuel gas is a mixture of propane, isobutane, normalbutane and optionally ethane and / or their unsaturated derivatives.
• the fuel gas is advantageous for the envisaged applications.
• the additive comprises, on the one hand, a hydrocarbon or a mixture of hydrocarbons and, on the other hand, an alcohol or a mixture of alcohols, and the proportion of the hydrocarbon (s) is much higher than that of the or spirits.
• the hydrocarbon (s) present in the additive are chosen from paraffinics, isoparaffins, cycloparaffins and aromatics of C 5 to C 8 (in particular isopentane, n-pentane, neopentane, hexane and isomers, heptane, octane) present in a proportion of 4 to 11% by volume in the liquefied fuel gas, depending on the properties sought.
• the alcohol or alcohols present in the additive are chosen from C 1 to C 4 alcohols (in particular methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl alcohols) present in an amount of less than 1.1% by volume in the liquefied fuel gas, depending on the desired properties.
• the fuel according to the invention is intended to burn with an oxidizer consisting of atmospheric air and consists of the mixture of a preferably liquefied fuel gas and an additive normally liquid under the conditions of temperature and pressure.
• the fuel gas advantageously consists of butane, propane, isobutane, normalbutane and optionally ethane and / or their unsaturated derivatives.
• gaseous fuels such as natural gas or LPG, can be used alone, or in combination with one another or with butane and / or propane.
• the additive must be liquid under ambient temperature and pressure conditions and it is chosen from hydrocarbons and / or alcohols.
• hydrocarbons which can be used in the context of the invention are straight or branched chain alkanes and C 5 to C 20 cycloalkanes, straight or branched chain alkenes and alkines and C to C 20 cycloalkenes and cycloalkines , monocyclic (benzene) and polycyclic aromatic derivatives (naphthalene, anthracene and phenanthrene), as well as C 7 to C 20 arenas (benzenes substituted by straight or branched chain radicals).
• hydrocarbon additives are straight or branched chain alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes and C 5 -C 8 cycloalkenes (paraffinic, isoparaffinic, cycloparaffinic and aromatic).
• the alcohols which can be retained are monoalcohols, dialcohols and polyalcohols C 1 to C 4 corresponding to the abovementioned hydrocarbons.
• the preferred alcohols are the mono-, di- and polyalcohols corresponding to the aforementioned C 1 to C 8 hydrocarbons, for example methanols, ethanols, propanols, butanols, pentanols, hexanols, heptanols, octanols, pentenols, hexenols, heptenols and octenols.
• the most advantageous alcohols are C 1 to C 4 alcohols.
• the additives which can be used in the context of the invention are unsubstituted compounds, comprising only hydrogen and carbon atoms, and optionally oxygen in the case of alcohols. As a result, in their combustion, these additives only provide by-products of carbon and hydrogen.
• an additive consisting of a chain of 5 to 20 carbon atoms is generally suitable.
• the chain contains less than 5 carbon atoms, the heat of combustion of the hydrocarbon derivative of the alcohol is very low and the additive cannot significantly improve the fuel gas.
• the quantity of liquid additive introduced into the fuel gas can vary: in general, the heat of combustion and the efficient heat transfer are all the more important as the quantity of additive is itself large.
• the amount of additive introduced into the fuel gas must be between 160 and 240 grams per cubic meter of gaseous fuel.
• the additive can advantageously be composed of a mixture of a first additive A 1 , itself consisting of a mixture of hydrocarbons - comprising aloanes C 5 to C 8 (in particular isopentane, n-pentane, neopentane, hexane and isomers, heptane, octane) present at a rate of 4 to 11% by volume in the liquefied fuel gas according to the desired properties -, and of a second additive A 2 , itself consisting of a mixture of alcohols - comprising C 1 to C 4 alcohols (in particular methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl alcohols) - present at a rate of less than 1.1% by volume in the fuel gas depending on the desired properties.
• a first additive A 1 itself consisting of a mixture of hydrocarbons - comprising aloanes C 5 to C 8 (in particular isopentane, n-pentane, neopentane, he
• additives A 1 and A 2 can be chosen as follows: Additive A 1 Additive A 2
• the fuel thus constituted has a very good octane index (engines having a compression ratio greater than 9.5) and a good performance index; it will preferably be used for industrial engines, rather than for the engines of private vehicles traveling a lot.
• composition - the additive A 1 comprises
• Such a fuel has a good actane index and a very good performance index; it will find use in supplying engines with a normal compression ratio ( ⁇ 9.5), fitted to vehicles commonly used in urban and road cycles.
• This fuel has a very good octane rating and a very good performance rating: it can therefore be used for all conceivable applications.
• the fuels according to the invention combine the respective qualities of liquid fuels (ordinary gasoline or gasoline) and gaseous fuels such as petroleum-liquefied gas LPG, without having the respective disadvantages.
• the fuel according to the invention has an octane number equivalent to that of conventional LPG fuel marketed in France, whose octane number is itself higher than that of liquid fuels.
• the fuel of the invention gives the engine a power substantially equivalent to that provided by liquid fuels, which is approximately 5 to 6% higher than that provided by a conventional LPG fuel.
• the new fuel allows engine accelerations comparable to those obtained with liquid fuels and much higher (of the order of + 15%) than those obtained by an engine powered by conventional LPG fuel.
• the fuel according to the invention further improves these antipollution characteristics, in particular as regards the level of carbon monoxide released.
• the new fuel has a lubricating power, at the exhaust valves, which is much higher than that of conventional LPG fuels, drier than liquid fuels.
• the fuel of the invention very clean, does not generate carbonaceous formations (deposit, varnish) and does not alter the qualities of engine oils during combustion.
• the engine oil changes can be much more spaced than in the case of an engine supplied with conventional liquid fuels.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=9274553

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (2)

Cited By (4)

Citations (9)

• 1982
  • 1982-06-02 FR FR8209587A patent/FR2528064B1/fr not_active Expired
• 1983
  • 1983-05-24 EP EP83401024A patent/EP0095972A1/de not_active Withdrawn

Patent Citations (9)

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