EP0094993B1

EP0094993B1 - Apparatus for preparing a nonwoven web

Info

Publication number: EP0094993B1
Application number: EP19820302610
Authority: EP
Inventors: Takao Sano; Masafumi Ogasawara; Seishio Ichikawa
Original assignee: Toray Industries Inc
Current assignee: Toray Industries Inc
Priority date: 1982-05-21
Filing date: 1982-05-21
Publication date: 1986-04-09
Also published as: EP0094993A1; DE3270369D1

Description

This invention relates to the preparation of non-woven webs from continuous filaments and more specifically to an apparatus used to move the filaments jetted together with a fluid from a nozzle to a collecting surface.
With apparatus of this kind it is desirable to provide as wide a spread of the filaments on the collecting surface as is consonant with achieving uniform thickness and weight per unit area of the resulting web.
Various forms of apparatus of this general type have been proposed, in which the filaments together with the fluid are caused to impinge on the surface of a plate lying at an inclination relative to the axis of the nozzle and to the collecting surface. As will be explained later in this description, a difficulty which may occur with this type of apparatus is a non-uniformity of the deposited web, particularly if the end of the plate lies at a considerable distance above the collecting surface.
In the apparatus shown in US-A-3736211 the plate referred to takes the form of a two-planar deflector, the first plane forming an acute angle of between 0 and 60° with the axis of the nozzle and the second plane forming an acute angle of between 20 and 85° with the extension of the first plane, the sum of the two angles being less than 90°.
FR-A-2384880 describes an apparatus in which the impinging surface of a rotating deflector plate forms an angle of 10-80°, preferably 30-70°, with the nozzle axis. A further deflector plate, which is curved in the direction of the collecting surface, and which terminates in a point, lies in the path of at least part of the filament stream leaving the first plate, in order to deflect back the filaments in differing degrees before they reach the collecting surface.
In FR-A-2404064 the surface on which the filaments and fluid from the nozzle impinge forms an angle of 30-60° with the nozzle axis. Here a second impinging surface is interposed in the stream of filaments from the first impinging surface to positively guide the stream of filaments and at least part of the fluid towards the collecting surface.
We have found that the form of apparatus using two deflector plates for the stream of filaments enables a wide and uniform spread of filaments to be achieved on the collecting surface, provided that certain design features are adhered to. The first of the features is that the first impinging surface for the filaments is to be in contact with the tip of the nozzle, a feature not to be found in any of the patents referred to above. Indeed in the apparatus of the present invention the tip portion of the nozzle and the first impinging surface may consist of a cylinder portion and a tongue portion joined to a part of the lower end of the cylinder portion, the tongue portion, which forms the first impinging surface, being symmetrical in a plane which includes the axis of the cylinder portion.
The second essential feature of the present invention is that the clearance angle (8₁) between the axis of the nozzle and the first impinging surface shall be in the range of from about 70° to about 80°.
As noted above the angle between the nozzle axis and the impinging surface of the apparatus of FR-A-2384880 may go up to 80°, though the preferred angle is 30-70°.
In the accompanying drawings:-

Figure 1 is a sectional view diagrammatically showing an example of the apparatus used for carrying out the invention;
Figure 2 is a transverse sectional view useful for explaining the first impinging plate shown in Figure 1 and
Figure 3 is a front view of the apparatus shown in Figure 2;
Figure 4 is a transverse sectional view, useful for explaining another embodiment of the first impinging plate;
Figure 5a is a schematic side view useful for explaining the state of disintegration and expansion of the filaments in a prior art arrangement and
Figure 5b is a front view of the apparatus shown in Figure 5a;
Figure 6a is a schematic view showing the state of-disintegration and expansion of the filaments when the second impinging plate is employed in accordance with the invention and
Figure 6b is a front view of the apparatus shown in Figure 6a;
Figures 7a, 7b and 7c are plan views showing alternative apparatus useful in practising the invention;
Figure 8 is a front view showing an example of the distance from the collecting surface to the nozzle when a large number of nozzles are . disposed in practising the invention;
Figure 9 is a model view in which a common single plate is shown disposed as the second impinging plate when a plurality of nozzles are disposed in practising the invention;
Figure 10 is a schematic view showing what happens when the first and second impinging plates are permitted to swing in practising the invention;
Figure 11 is a schematic view where only the first impinging plate is permitted to swing in practising the invention;
Figure 12 is a schematic view showing an example of the shape of the tip of the first impinging plate in practising of the invention;
Figures 13a, 13b and 13c illustrate the formation of the nonwoven webs on the collecting surface when a plurality of nozzles are arranged on a line;
Figure 14 is a schematic view showing the state of the dropping filaments on the collecting surface and useful for explaining the effect of the second impinging plate used in practising the invention;
Figure 15 is a schematic view showing the dropping state of the filaments on the collecting surface when the second impinging plate does not exist;
Figure 16 is a front view showing the principal portions of a nozzle useful in practising the invention;
Figure 17 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 16;
Figures 18a, 18b and 18c are sectional views taken along lines B-B, C-C and D-D of Figure 17, respectively; and
Figures 19 and 20 are sectional views, each showing a nozzle structure different from that in Figure 17.

Figure 1 is a sectional view diagrammatically illustrating an example of the apparatus used for carrying out the present invention. In Figure 1, reference numeral 1 represents a spinneret having a large number of spinning orifices, and a bundle of filaments 2 is formed by simultaneously discharging a molten polymer from the spinning orifices of the spinneret 1. Reference numeral 3 represents a spinning cylinder which covers the lower part of the spinneret and is disposed so as to cool and solidify the filaments 2 discharged from the spinneret 1. The inside of the spinning cylinder 3 and the spinneret 1 are shut off from the atmosphere except at a portion to draw the filaments 2 from the cylinder 3. A compressed fluid 7 is introduced into the spinning cylinder 3 from a compressed fluid inlet 4 that is disposed at a part of the inner circumferential wall of the spinning cylinder 3 and the compressed fluid is discharged from a nozzle 5 connected to the bottom tip of the spinning cylinder 3, together with the filaments 2. The filaments 2 are oriented by .the pulling force of the high velocity fluid between the compressed fluid inlet 4 of the spinning cylinder 3 and the opening of the nozzle 5.
In another embodiment, an ejector is disposed below the spinneret 1 without using the spinning cylinder 3 so that the ejector may be used as the fluid pulling device of the filaments extruded from the spinneret 1 (such is not shown in the drawing).
In Figure 1, the filament bundle 2' jetted from the opening at the tip of the nozzle 5 together with the high velocity fluid impinges against a first impinging plate 8 located in contact with the nozzle 5 and its jet direction is changed. The first impinging plate 8 is disposed at an angle 8₁ with respect to the axis of the nozzle 5.
A second impinging plate 9 is disposed downstream of the first impinging plate 8 with a gap (I) between them and the impinging surface 9' of the second impinging plate 9 is inclined at an angle 8₂ with respect to the axis of the nozzle 5. The moving direction of the filament bundle 2' and that of a part of the high velocity fluid are again changed by the second impinging plate 9 and they are thus guided towards the collecting surface 10.
As also shown in Figure 1, it is preferred that the filament bundle 2 is electrostatically charged by a corona discharger 6 or the like disposed upstream of the nozzle 5 before it is jetted from the nozzle 5, because more uniform disintegration and sufficient separation of the filaments can be effected and a higher grade nonwoven web can be produced by so doing. An electric charging device is shown in European Patent Publication Nos. 33,855 and 10,756. Preferably, the collecting surface 10 is an endless conveyor belt having air permeability such as a metal net, and suction is preferably effected from the lower side of the collecting surface via a suction device or the like (not shown) in order to stably accumulate and form the nonwoven webs on the collecting surface 10.
The quality (uniformity per unit area and thickness) of the web layer on the collecting surface 10 depends upon the condition of disintegration and separation of the filaments discharged from the first impinging plate 8, as described already, and is affected by the size and shape of the first impinging plate 8. According to the experiments carried out by the inventors of the present invention, the shape of the first impinging plate 8, the travelling length a of the filaments on the impinging surface 8' (see Figure 2) and the angle of inclination 8₁ of the impinging surface 8' with respect to the nozzle axis (see Figure 2) are found to be significant factors. Figures 2 and 3 show the relation between the nozzle 5 and the impinging plate 8, wherein Figure 2 is a sectional view and Figure 3 is a front view. In Figure 3, the degree of expansion a (alpha) of the filaments (with W₁ representing the width of expansion) becomes maximal when the angle of inclination 8₁ of the impinging surface 8' relative to the nozzle axis K placed in vertical direction is from about 70 to about 80 degrees more preferably from about 75 to about 80 degrees. It is preferred in this instance that a group of filaments that are disintegrated and expanded on and and along the impinging surface 8' radially expand in fan-like shape without causing mutual entanglement of the individual filaments forming the group of filaments. In this case, if the travelling length a of the group of filaments on the impinging surface 8' (distance between the position at which the nozzle axis K crosses the impinging surface and the tip of the impinging plate 8) is too long, the disintegrated filaments are likely to entangle with one another. Accordingly, the relation a/r£10 is preferably satisfied, where r represents the radius of the nozzle opening. Utilization efficiency of the fluid force is maximised by bringing the tip of the opening of the nozzle 5 and the impinging plate 8 into contact with each other as shown. Furthermore, the optimal shape which is explained in more detail hereinafter with Figures 17 to 20 is such that the back of the tip of the nozzle opening smoothly continues the impinging surface 8' with curvature R, as illustrated in Figure 4.
In other words, the first impinging plate 8 in the present invention effectively utilizes the diffused flow due to the impingement of the high velocity fluid jetted from the nozzle 5 for the purpose of disintegration and expansion of the filaments. It is therefore different from the impinging plate of the method, such as one disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 4026/1974, in which a fluid different from the fluid jetted from the nozzle is introduced in order to disintegrate and expand the filaments.
In collecting the filaments coming off the first impinging plate 8, if the distance from the impinging plate 8 to the collecting surface 10 (H representing the collecting distance which is a vertical distance and 1₁ representing the distance along the flow of the fibre) is too long such as shown in Figure 5a, the velocity of the high velocity fluid jetted from the nozzle 5 drops and the filament bundle conveyed by the fluid cannot be controlled in a satisfactory manner. Consequently, expansion W₁ of the filaments of the bundle 2' reaches saturation and satisfactory expansion cannot be obtained, as depicted in Figure 5b.
On the other hand, expansion due to the first impinging surface 8' becomes optimal when 8₁ shown in Figure 1 from about 70 to about 80 degrees, but at this angle of inclination there occurs the problem that the collecting distance becomes long irrespective of the degree of the collecting distance H. This results in the problem that the fluid cannot satisfactorily control the filament bundle conveyed onto the collecting surface.
The apparatus in accordance with the present invention seeks to guide the filaments to the collecting surface 10 whilst maintaining the shape of the filaments that have been sufficiently expanded. More definitely, as shown in Figures 1, 6a and 6b, the second impinging plate 9 is disposed downstream of the first impinging plate 8 with a gap between them and with an angle 8₂ with respect to the axis K of the nozzle. Preferably, the angle 8₂ is not large and is up to about 45 degrees. The high velocity fluid and the filament bundle 2' that are discharged from the first impinging surface 8' are expanded in fanlike shape and impinge against the impinging surface 9' of the second impinging plate 9 while the velocity of the fluid does not much drop. The filament bundle 2' is guided onto the collecting surface together with the fluid by the second impinging plate 9. The fluid performs a collecting action for the filaments until it reaches the collecting surface 10. Needless to say, part of the fluid jetted from the nozzle scatters into the atmosphere during its travel in which it impinges against the first and second impinging plates 8 and 9, but at least a part of the fluid is used for guiding the filament bundle to the collecting surface.
Accordingly, the distance H shown in Figure 6a and the effective collecting distance 1₂ of the second impinging plate 9 are selected so as to establish the best condition.
This point will be explained in further detail.
The fluid stream after impinging against the first impinging plate 8 leaves the same and is divided into a flow moving in the direction of extension of the impinging surface 8' and a flow peeling off from the former. The peeling flow is likely to occur in the upward direction with respect to the extension of the impinging surface 8'. Accordingly, the second impinging plate 9 is disposed downstream of the first impinging plate 8 so as to guide the fluid flow onto the extension surface of the second impinging surface 9'.
Since the filament bundle 2', that has been disintegrated and expanded by the first impinging plate 8, has greater specific gravity than the fluid (compressed air, in this case), it has a velocity component in the direction of the gravitational force (or towards the collecting surface 10, in this case). For this reason, if the first impinging surface 8' alone is employed, the velocity vector of the fluid does not coincide with the velocity vector of the disintegrated and expanded filament bundle especially in the direction of the gravitational force. Due to the synergistic effect with the peel phenomenon of the fluid, the fluid force can no longer restrict the filament bundle if the effective collecting distance 1₁ is long so that so-called "stalling" occurs and the filaments entangle with one another. In order to prevent this phenomenon and to guide the filament bundle reliably and stably to the collecting surface, the apparatus of the present invention converts the jetting direction of the fluid towards the collecting surface 10 (in the direction of the gravitational force, in this case) together with the filament bundle by means of the second impinging plate 9, thus to align the velocity vectors of the materials having mutually different specific gravity. Accordingly, the fluid force restricts the filament bundle up to the collecting surface 10 and consequently a uniform nonwoven web having an excellent disintegration condition and a large collection width W₂ can be obtained stably and reliably on the collecting surface 10 without causing the mutual entanglement of the filaments.
A wide nonwoven fabric can be produced on an industrial scale by use of the apparatus of the present invention in the following manner.
In the apparatus shown in Figure 1, a unit assembled by combining one each of the nozzle 5, the first impinging plate 8 and the second impinging plate 9 is hereby referred to as "one spinning set". A nonwoven fabric having a large width can be easily obtained by aligning a large number of the spinning sets across the width of the collecting surface 10. A plurality of lines, each consisting of a large number of the spinning sets thus aligned, may also be arranged.
It is also possible to eliminate non-uniformity of weight per unit area between the spinning sets by disposing a plurality of the spinning sets in a zigzag arrangement as shown in Figure 7a. The orientation of the filaments of the resulting non- woven fabric can be controlled by defining an angle between the advancing direction of the collecting surface 10 and the jetting direction of the filaments. This is effective for controlling the longitudinal and transverse strength of the resulting nonwoven web or the further treated non- woven web. Figure 7b shows an embodiment in which the spinning sets are disposed in a zigzag arrangement while Figure 7c shows an embodiment in which a plurality of spinning sets are linearly disposed so that the direction of each spinning set defines an angle with respect to the advancing direction of the conveyor. Dispositions of the spinning sets are not limited to these embodiments and the same concept also applies to other variations similar thereto.
Figure 8 shows an embodiment in which the distance H between the collecting surface 10 and the impinging surface 8' is different between the spinning sets in order to prevent the mutual interference of the fluid and filament bundle that are jetted from the adjacent spinning sets when a plurality of spinning sets are disposed.
When the spinning sets are arranged close to one another, the filaments 2 jetted from the first impinging plate 8 of a given spinning set would strike the second impinging plate 9 of the adjacent spinning set. In such a case, it is preferred that the second impinging plate 9 be a common single plate, as shown in Figure 9.
In a method of obtaining a wide web on the collecting surface 10, it is possible to construct the impinging plate 8 of the spinning set so as to be capable of swinging independently. In such a case, it is possible to construct the apparatus so that the first and second impinging plates 8 and 9 are capable of swinging as shown in Figure 10 or so that only the first impinging plate 8 is capable of swinging with the second impinging plate 9 being fixed.
In this case, both sides at the tip of the first impinging plate 8 facing the second impinging surface 9' preferably have a curvature, lest they come into contact with the second impinging plate during rotation. Furthermore, the curvature preferably has its centre at the axis of swinging of the first impinging plate 8 and the tip of the first impinging plate 8 is preferably a circle having the abovementioned curvature.
In Figures 10, 11 and 12, the axis of swinging of the first impinging surface 8' is in conformity with the axis of the nozzle and the arrow in these drawings represents the swinging direction of the first and second impinging plates (Figure 10) or that of the first impinging plate (Figures 11 and 12).
When a plurality of impinging units are juxtaposed in the multiple spinning set arrangement, the distribution of the filaments is corrugated in the transverse section of the non- woven web on the collecting surface 10 as shown in Figures 13b and 13c. If the pitch between the spinning sets is large the centre of the nonwoven web jetting direction becomes convex (Figure 13b) and if it is small, overlap of the filaments due to interference between the spinning sets becomes great and the portions between the spinning sets become convex (Figure 13c), forming ridges. In practice, however, the unevenness is not so extreme as is depicted in Figures 13b and 13c, which represent the uneven profile with exaggeration. The above-mentioned ridges can be eliminated by reciprocatingly rotating the first impinging plates 8 with the same phase and a uniform fibre web can be laminated and collected in the direction of width of the collecting surface 10. If the second impinging plate 9 is shaped as a common single plate for the adjacent spinning sets, the points of drop of the disintegrated filaments are aligned on the same line on the collecting surface 10 including the adjacent spinning sets, and the cross wrapping on the moving collecting surface 10 becomes uniform by reciprocally rotating the first impinging plate 8 (Figure 14).
On the contrary, in the method devoid of the second impinging plate 9 such as in Figure 15, disintegration of the filaments for each spinning set is inferior and the filaments drop on the collecting surface 10 in an arcuate profile. If a plurality of spinning sets are juxtaposed, therefore, the points of drop of the filaments describe a shape formed by connecting the above- mentioned arcuate profiles. Since this profile is reciprocatingly rotated with the same phase in the direction indicated by the arrow, uniform cross wrapping on the moving collecting surface becomes difficult.
The inventors of the present invention repeated a great deal of trials and errors to develop a jet nozzle for producing a nonwoven web, which nozzle was capable of more sufficiently disintegrating, dispersing and expanding the filaments in practising the present invention and during this work the inventors paid specific attention to the fact that the water jet nozzle used for a sprinkler forms a thin uniform water film in a fan-like shape. The inventors then attempted to use a filament bundle and a fluid (generally, compressed air) for conveying the filament bundle to be used for practising the present invention, in place of the water and, as a result, found unexpectedly that it was extremely effective for producing a nonwoven web having such a uniform thickness that could never be obtained by use of the conventional methods and devices. The present device is attained on the basis of this finding.
As described above, the present device is directed to provide a jet nozzle having a simple construction, which eliminates problems with the prior art and which provides a uniform nonwoven web. The construction of the present device is as follows.
A jet nozzle for practising the present invention may consist of a cylinder portion and a tongue portion connected to a part of the lower end of the cylinder portion with a communication hole in the cylinder portion for permitting the passage of the filament bundle and the filament conveying fluid therethrough; the upper end of the communication hole serving as an inlet for the continuous filament bundle and for the filament conveying fluid with the lower end being kept open; the rear surface portion of the communication hole exposed to the open atmosphere being shielded by the upper part of the tongue portion connected to the cylinder portion; the lower surface portion being shielded by the lower part of the tongue portion; and the front surface portion and the side surface portion being kept open to the surrounding atmosphere.
Hereinafter, the present device will be explained in further detail with reference to an embodiment thereof shown in the drawings.
Figure 16 is a front view showing the principal portions of a jet nozzle 5 for producing a non- woven web (hereinafter called simply a "nozzle") in accordance with an embodiment of the present device. Figure 17 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 16 and Figures 18a, 18b and 18c are sectional views taken along lines B-B, C-C and D-D of Figure 17, respectively.
In this embodiment, the nozzle 5 consists of a cylinder portion 12 and a tongue portion 13 (which corresponds to the first plate 8) connected to the lower end of the cylinder portion 12, and a communication hole 14 is bored in the cylinder portion 12 so that a continuous filament bundle or bundles and a filament conveying fluid (generally, compressed air is employed) can be passed therethrough. The upper end of the communication hole 14 of the cylinder 12 is connected to feed sources (not shown) for the continuous filaments and for the filament conveying fluid. In the lower part of the nozzle 5 shown in Figure 17, the lower side, the left side and the right side represent the lower surface portion, the front surface portion and the rear surface portion of the nozzle, respectively, and the lateral portions between the front and rear surface portions represent the lateral surface portions. In this case, the rear surface portion of the nozzle 5 is shielded by the upper part of the tongue portion 13 interconnected to the cylinder portion 12, the lower end portion of the nozzle 5 defines a gap in cooperation with the lower end of the cylinder portion 12 and is shielded by the lower portion of the tongue portion 13, and the front surface portion of the nozzle 5 and the lateral surface portions of the nozzle 5 are open to the atmosphere around them.
Accordingly, on the front surface of the tongue portion 13 is defined a smooth tongue surface 16 which is formed at the upper part of the tongue portion 13 continuing smoothly the inner wall 15 of the rear surface of the communication hole 14 is disposed inside the cylinder portion 12. At the portion where the tongue surface 16 comes into contact with the inner wall 15 of the communication hole 14, the tongue surface 16 defines a part of a cylinder whose tangential plane is parallel to the centre line of the nozzle 5 (or to the centre line of the communication hole 14) but it becomes a part of the curvature of a rotary ellipsoid as it departs away from the lower end of the communication hole 14 until it smoothly merges into a plane surface. In Figures 18a, 18b and 18c, the portion represented by o forms a part of a section through a cylinder, the portion P forms a part of the curvature of a rotary ellipsoid and the portion represented by reference numeral 12 forms a part of a plane surface, and all these portions are connected to one another by smooth curvatures.
In the above-mentioned nozzle 5 of the present device, the continuous filament bundle is jetted at a high speed from the communication hole 14 while entrained by the filament conveying fluid. Both continuous filament bundle and filament conveying fluid pass through the whole sectional plane of the communication hole 14 but the direction of movement is gradually changed and, while they are being gradually spread, they take a film form and are discharged from the tip of the tongue surface 16. In this process, the filament conveying fluid that conveys the continuous filament bundle conveys extremely smoothly the filament bundle while its line of flow is not at all disturbed. Hence, a separation and an expansion of filaments can be formed without causing entanglement of the filaments.
It is not yet clear why the nozzle of the present device provides more excellent effects in the disintegration, dispersion and expansion of the continuous filament bundle as compared with the prior art devices. It is assumed, hoever, that in these prior art devices the line of flow of the filament conveying fluid is somehow disturbed, presumably because the filament conveying fluid is accompanied by another fluid, and the continuous filaments and the filament conveying fluid are caused to impinge against the impinging plate that is disposed far from the end portion of the nozzle.
Figures 19 and 20 are sectional views, each showing the nozzle in accordance with another embodiment of the present device.
Figure 19 shows a nozzle 5 which is equipped with a recess 17 at the connecting portion between the cylinder portion 12 and the tongue portion 13, while Figure 20 shows a nozzle 5 which is equipped with a protuberance 18 at the connecting portion.
It is preferred that in the nozzle 5 of the present device, the cylinder portion 12 smoothly continues the tongue portion 13 as depicted in Figure 16. Due to machining or for other reasons, the variations shown in Figures 19 and 20 or the occurrence of a discontinuous portion on the tongue surface 16 may be observed from time to time. Accordingly, the method of determining whether or not such a nozzle 5 is useable will be explained.
First, if the appearance inspection confirms that the inner wall 15 and the tongue surface 16 are smoothly connected to each other and the curvature of the tongue surface 16 is also joined smoothly, the nozzle 5 is useable without any problem. If recesses or protuberances exist, disturbance would occur in the filament conveying fluid that is jetted at a high speed. The extent of the recesses or protuberances may be conveniently inspected by use of water.
When the service water is fed to the upper end of the communication hole 14 of the nozzle 5 via a hose, the water is discharged while forming a water film having the fanlike shape even after it leaves the tongue surface 16. If the fanlike water film is not satisfactory, the nozzle 5 should be rejected as defective. According to the results of inspection carried out by the present inventors, those nozzles can be used in which the depth (t) of the recess or the height (t') of the protuberance is up to 10% of the radius (T) of the communication hole 14.
In the embodiments shown in Figures 16 to 18, the shape of the side wall is formed by smoothly connecting parts of which the cross-sections are circular, ellipsoidal and straight, but it need not be complicated like that. In other words, in the sectional view of Figure 17, the shape of the tongue surface may be a mere flat plane or a part of the cylindrical inner surface. Even when a part of the tongue is curved it is preferred that the tip Q of the tongue surface 16 shown in Figures 18a to 18c is a flat plane.
Next, the tongue surface 16 has such width as to shield the rear surface portion of the nozzle 5 and to prevent an excessive gas stre.am from entering from the back. The overalrslze of the tongue surface 16 should be such that it can fully cover the communication hole 14 opposing the tongue surface 16 or is greater than that. The filament conveying fluib jetted from the communication hole 14 is likely to expand considerably when discharged into the atmosphere. Hence, disturbance would occur in the continuous filaments that are being conveyed, unless the tongue surface 16 is sufficiently wide to smoothly change the direction of, and to expand, all the filament conveying fluid that is being jetted from the communication hole 14.
Generally, the nozzle is produced as a unitary structure (but the cylinder portion 12 and the tongue portion 13 may naturally be detachable with respect to each other). Preferably, a columnar member having a diameter at least twice that of the communication hole is machined in order to fully satisfy the above-mentioned requirement.
The distance between the lower end of the hole 14 and the tip of the tongue surface 16 is preferably equal to the diameter of the communication hole 14 or is several times greater than that. For, if the distance is small, machining becomes difficult, while, if it is too large, the speed of the continuous filament bundle and that of the filament conveying fluid that are discharged from the tip of the tongue surface 16 while being expanded would drop.
In the nozzle of the present device, the angle of inclination 8₁ of the tip of the tongue surface 16 with respect to the centre line of the nozzle 5 (or to the centre line of the communication hole 14) must fall within a specific range. For, if it is too small, expansion of the filament bundle and filament conveying fluid is not sufficient and if it exceeds 90 degrees, expansion becomes excessive. It has been confirmed experimentally that a preferred range is from about 70 to about 80 degrees, more preferably from about 75 to about 80 degrees. However, a suitable range can be selected depending upon an intended application of the nozzle.
In the afore-mentioned embodiments, the sectional shape of the communication hole 14 is shown circular but it may be square, oval or polygonal.
As described above, the jet nozzle in accordance with the present device is capable of sufficiently disintegrating and expanding the filaments and then discharging them without disturbing the flow of the continuous filament bundle and that of the filament conveying fluid. Accordingly, the nozzle of the present device provides excellent action and effect such that a uniform web devoid of non-uniformity in both thickness and density can be obtained.
Synthetic organic fibres are preferably used as the continuous filaments for obtaining a non- woven web on the apparatus for preparing a nonwoven web according to the present invention. The continuous filaments of synthetic organic fibres are normally prepared at high speed in a bundle of 20, 50 or even about 200 individual filaments all spinning simultaneously from a multi-holed spinneret. The denier of each of the individual filaments is preferably in the range of about 0.1 to about 30, and the filaments are preferably prepared from poly(ethylene terephthalate).

Claims

1. An apparatus for preparing a non-woven web comprising a nozzle to jet continuous filaments together with a fluid, a first impinging surface on which the filaments and fluid impinge, a collecting surface to collect the filaments in dispersed state and form a non-woven web and a second impinging surface interposed in the stream of filaments moving from the first impinging surface to the collecting surface to positively guide the stream of filaments and at least a part of the fluid towards the collecting surface characterised in that the first impinging surface is in contact with the tip of the nozzle and that the clearance angle (8₁) between the axis of the nozzle and the first impinging surface is in the range of from about 70° to about 80°.

2. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein an angle of inclination of the second impinging surface relative to the nozzle axis is selected in a range of from about 0° to about 45°.

3. An apparatus according to either of the preceding claims wherein the tip of the nozzle and the first impinging surface are partially connected to each other.

4. An apparatus according to claim 3 wherein the tip portion of the nozzle and the first impinging surface consist of a cylinder portion and a tongue portion joined to a part of the lower end of the cylinder portion, the tongue portion, which forms the first impinging surface, being symmetrical on a plane which includes the axis of the cylinder portion.

5. An apparatus according to claim 4 wherein a communication hole is bored in the cylinder portion for permitting the passage of the continuous filaments and the filament conveying fluid therethrough; the upper end of the communication hole serves as an inlet for the continuous filaments and for the filament conveying fluid with the lower end being kept open; the rear surface portion of the communication hole exposed to the open atmosphere is shielded by the upper part of the tongue portion connected to the cylinder portion; the lower surface portion is shielded by the lower part of the tongue portion; and the front surface portion and the side surface portion are kept open to the surrounding atmosphere.

6. An apparatus according to claim 5 wherein the tongue surface has a tangential plane parallel to the axis of the nozzle on and in the proximity of the communication hole, the tangential plane progressively inclining with respect to the axis of the nozzle as it gradually leaves the communication hole.

7. An apparatus according to any one of claims 4 to 6 wherein the tip of the tongue portion is a plane.

8. An apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the collecting surface is the surface of a conveyor and the stream of filaments leaving the second impinging surface has a component of movement in the direction of the movement of the conveyor.