EP0094831A2 - Elektrophotographie - Google Patents

Elektrophotographie Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0094831A2
EP0094831A2 EP83302786A EP83302786A EP0094831A2 EP 0094831 A2 EP0094831 A2 EP 0094831A2 EP 83302786 A EP83302786 A EP 83302786A EP 83302786 A EP83302786 A EP 83302786A EP 0094831 A2 EP0094831 A2 EP 0094831A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
image
layer
electrophotographic
photographic
composite
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP83302786A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0094831A3 (de
Inventor
Victor Carey Humberstone
Dexter Robert Plummer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Comtech Research Unit Ltd
Original Assignee
Comtech Research Unit Ltd
PA Management Consultants Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Comtech Research Unit Ltd, PA Management Consultants Ltd filed Critical Comtech Research Unit Ltd
Publication of EP0094831A2 publication Critical patent/EP0094831A2/de
Publication of EP0094831A3 publication Critical patent/EP0094831A3/de
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording-members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat or to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/153—Charge-receiving layers combined with additional photo- or thermo-sensitive, but not photoconductive, layers, e.g. silver-salt layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G8/00—Layers covering the final reproduction, e.g. for protecting, for writing thereon

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electrophotography and, more particularly, is concerned with contact printing onto electrophotographic films, e.g. TEP and image migration materials.
  • micro-photographic recording An additional problem in micro-photographic recording is that it may be a requirement to expose, develop and view only a few images on any one occasion, further images being added at later times. While it is not in principle impossible to do so with conventional silver halide or diazo photography it is, in practice, difficult and hence costly to confine developing and fixing chemicals to the areas of individual images which may have dimensions of only a few mm, e.g., 2 mm x 4 mm.
  • TEP material By using a TEP material, it is possible more easily to process one image occupying only a part of the photographic material without adversely affecting adjacent areas of the material whether they be exposed or unexposed. However, difficulties arise in pre- printing these electrophotographic materials with a coordinate system.
  • the coordinate system will generally need to be printed with high accuracy and excellent definition over a large area.
  • silver halide or diazo photographic materials the obvious way to achieve this would be by way of contact printing.
  • contact printing onto electrophotographic materials there are serious difficulties involved in contact printing onto electrophotographic materials. These difficulties are associated with charge transfer or tribo-electric generation of charge while the master is in contact with, or is being separated from, the material being printed.
  • the developing is usually effected by application of toner particles which are then fused to form the image.
  • toner particles for example the material "XDM” sold by Xerox Corporation
  • developing is usually effected by heating.
  • the significance of the sequence of steps which results in the production of an image is that the imagewise exposure of the -,hotoconductive layer in the electrophotographic material allows the surface electrostatic charge to leak away, or (in migration image photography) to transfer to the dark particles, because the photoconductive material becomes temporarily conductive.
  • the present invention provides, in one aspect, a method of pre-printing information,e.g., coordinate information, onto a sheet of unexposed electrophotographic material, which comprises either: (a) depositing an image-forming layer on the electrophotographic material and generating the required pre-printed information as an image in said layer, or (b) securing an image-bearing layer to the electrophotographic material.
  • image-forming layer is used herein to mean a layer of a material which can be processed to produce a permanent image.
  • the invention is based on a superposition technique, in which the image containing coordinate marking (or other pre-printed information) is formed in a distinct layer adjacent to the electrophotographic layer which will ultimately receive individual images.
  • the image-forming layer will be referred to hereinafter as the "pre-print layer” and the layer or layers of the electrophotographic material which ultimately receives further images will be termed the "image layer”.
  • a composite photographic material which comprises an electrophotographic film having superposed on one surface thereof a secondary, image-bearing layer.
  • the image can be in the form of coordinate information.
  • a composite photographic material which comprises an electrophotographic film having superposed on one surface thereof a secondary, image-receiving layer which is such that a readable image can be formed and retained therein without affecting the electrophotographic film.
  • a composite photographic material which comprises an electrophotographic film having superposed on one surface thereof a secondary, image-receiving layer which is not an electrophotographic material.
  • the secondary layer can be a silver halide photographic layer; a diazo photographic layer; a zero order diffraction grating; an optically opaque film which can be etched through a photo-resist or electron beam-resist; or a layer of material able to receive opaque image elements through vacuum deposition of a material through a mask.
  • the mask and the deposited material may be suitably charged electrically so that the mask itself does not become coated.
  • the secondary, image-bearing or image-receiving layer in the composite material in accordance with this invention will be termed the "pre-print layer".
  • the image-receiving layer of the electrophotographic film will be referred to as the "image layer”.
  • a composite photographic material in accordance with this invention may be formed from a conventional electrophotographic material (substrate plus image layer) on which the secondary layer is formed; or it may be formed from a non-electrophotographic material, e.g. a silver halide emulsion (substrate plus pre-print layer) onto which the electrophotographic image layer is formed.
  • a conventional electrophotographic material substrate plus image layer
  • a non-electrophotographic material e.g. a silver halide emulsion (substrate plus pre-print layer) onto which the electrophotographic image layer is formed.
  • Figures I-IV each show schematic cross-sections through composite photographic materials of the invention.
  • a commercially available electrophotographic material (which may be TEP or a migration material) consists of a mechanically robust transparent substrate 1-see Fig. I-and a coating of active layers constituting the image layer 2.
  • the detail of these layers is not part of this invention so the whole assembly of the image layer is represented as a single layer 2.
  • layer 3 which is athin layer (thickness greater than 1 micrometre but less than 100 micrometres) of a low melting point transparent material.
  • This layer may be formed in situ or may be laminated on using existing sheet material, possibly with a distinct adhesive.
  • the exposed surface of layer 3 is formed into a phase grating, the depth and form of which are such as to minimise transmission in the zero order.
  • the pitch of the grating is sufficiently fine that the deflection of the first diffracted order is sufficient that little or no light from the illumination system to be used which has been diffracted out of the zero order enters the viewing system to be used.
  • the grating may conveniently be formed by an embossing process, the embossing tool having been manufactured by one of the methods described in our copending applications No.8118329 and No. 8122736 The material bearing the grating pattern may then be charged, exposed and processed as convenient, the grating pattern having no effect.
  • the coordinate information in the grating pattern is available, in transmission or reflection if the image layer is TEP, but only in reflection if the image layer is a migration material. It may be used to position the images formed in the image layer. If it is particularly inconvenient to use reflection with a migration material, then it may be possible to charge, expose and develop the zone of the migration material in which the pre-printed material lies.
  • a mechanically robust substrate 4 carries a photosensitive layer 5.
  • the combination of these two structures may be commercially available silver halide or diazo photographic material.
  • the preprint layer 5 may be exposed and processed in the usual manner for such material.
  • the layers constituting the electrophotographic structure (which may for example be TEP, migration material or the material for another electrophotographic process) are formed over layer 5 and are shown in Fig. II as layer 6, the image layer. No details of this structure are shown as such structures are well known and no one particular structure is part of this invention.
  • the image layer 6 is now ready to receive images by the usual techniques for the material.
  • the images formed in the image layer 6 may be positioned by use of a coordinate system which is at least part of the pre-print pattern previously produced in the pre-print layer 5.
  • a mechanically robust substrate 7 carries a layer or layers which constitute an electrophotographic material 8.
  • the layer 8 may be a structure including several layers, but the internal structure of such a layer is not part of this invention.
  • the combination of layers 7 and 8 may be purchased commercially for example as TEP material such as is available from Kodak or from James River Graphics, or it may be a migration material such as XDM from Xerox Corporation.
  • a thin layer 9 is deposited onto layer 8.
  • the method of deposition is not critical but practical methods include vacuum deposition, electroless plating and spraying a solution in a volatile solvent.
  • a layer 10 of etching resist is coated over layer 9.
  • the method of coating is not critical, but practical methods include spinning, roller coating and spraying.
  • the resist is exposed imagewise to radiation.
  • the radiation may be electromagnetic or particulate.
  • the exposure may be made to be an imagewise exposure by the use of a mask (i.e. contact printing) but it is equally practical, and especially so if the radiation is a stream of electrons, t ⁇ write the required pattern by controlled movement of the material and/or the beam.
  • etching the opaque layer 9 and possibly removing the remaining resist are applied.
  • the overall structure, which is now pre- printed is then available for the formation of images as required in the image layer, 8.
  • the pre-printed image in layer 9 may be used to position images in layer. 8 as required.
  • layer 11 is a mechanically robust substrate carrying layer 12 which is an electrophotographic material.
  • layers 11 and 12 may be obtained as a commercially available electrophotographic material as mentioned above. This is then coated with layer 13, a silver halide emulsion. The required pre-print pattern is produced by exposing, developing, fixing and washing layer 13. The material may be used in this form. As the insulation resistance of the gelatine of the photographic emulsion is lower than that of the photoconductive materials (in the dark), when surface charged in the usual manner most of the charge migrates to the interface between layers 12 and 13, and exposure and processing of the electrophotographic material proceeds in the usual manner, though the presence of the overlayer of photographic emulsion may cause a marginal degradation of properties.
  • the gelatine is chemically softened (for example by a proteolytic enzyme) allowing the dense silver particles to sink to the interface between layers 12 and 13.
  • the softened gelatine may then be washed away so that the image layer 12 is in its original condition except where the silver image is deposited.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
  • Combination Of More Than One Step In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
EP83302786A 1982-05-18 1983-05-17 Elektrophotographie Ceased EP0094831A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8214429 1982-05-18
GB8214429 1982-05-18

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0094831A2 true EP0094831A2 (de) 1983-11-23
EP0094831A3 EP0094831A3 (de) 1984-10-17

Family

ID=10530428

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83302786A Ceased EP0094831A3 (de) 1982-05-18 1983-05-17 Elektrophotographie

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0094831A3 (de)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1229846B (de) * 1962-12-11 1966-12-01 Elbe Kamera Gmbh Elektrofotografische Platte zur Erzeugung von Halbton-Bildern
US3907557A (en) * 1971-02-08 1975-09-23 Avery Products Corp Pressure-sensitive electrostatic imaging labels
EP0057305A1 (de) * 1981-02-04 1982-08-11 Photon Chroma Inc Elektrophotographisches Diapositif und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
BR8207753A (pt) * 1981-06-15 1983-05-31 Pa Management Consult Armazenamento e recuperacao de informacao

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0094831A3 (de) 1984-10-17

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4211834A (en) Method of using a o-quinone diazide sensitized phenol-formaldehyde resist as a deep ultraviolet light exposure mask
JP3105234B2 (ja) 半導体装置の製造方法
US4429027A (en) Photoimaging process
US4374911A (en) Photo method of making tri-level density photomask
CA1110093A (en) Information carriers, method of forming and copying said carriers
JPH0256668B2 (de)
US3248216A (en) Process and apparatus for half-tone electrophotography
EP0315121A3 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung positiver und negativer Bilder, wobei lichthärtbare elektrostatische Platten benutzt werden
US3515549A (en) Photoelectrosolographic article and method utilizing diazo material
US5011758A (en) Use of a liquid electrophotographic toner with an overcoated permanent master in electrostatic transfer
EP0094831A2 (de) Elektrophotographie
US3206600A (en) Image-formation on electro-photographic material
US3507592A (en) Method of fabricating photomasks
US4670364A (en) Photomask for electrophotography
GB1481623A (en) Method of producing photomasks and silver halide photographic material for use in this method
EP0094830B1 (de) Elektrophotographisches Abbildungsverfahren
US3278302A (en) Phosphorescent screen reflex
JP3191383B2 (ja) 印刷版の製造方法
US3666463A (en) Mask overlay comparison
US4565616A (en) Method for producing a photoelectroforming mandrel
EP0501657A1 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Farbfilters
CA1178329A (en) Method of electrophotographic imaging for proofing purposes
JPH0821992A (ja) 液晶ディスプレイのブラックマトリクス基板及びその製造方法
US3334000A (en) Method for simultaneous production of a plurality of microcircuit wafers
JPH0450942A (ja) レチクルおよびその製造方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19840830

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: COMTECH RESEARCH UNIT LIMITED

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19860124

D17Q First examination report despatched (deleted)
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN REFUSED

18R Application refused

Effective date: 19871129

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: HUMBERSTONE, VICTOR CAREY

Inventor name: PLUMMER, DEXTER ROBERT