EP0094673B1 - Arrangement of hydrofoils for a catamaran - Google Patents
Arrangement of hydrofoils for a catamaran Download PDFInfo
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- EP0094673B1 EP0094673B1 EP83104824A EP83104824A EP0094673B1 EP 0094673 B1 EP0094673 B1 EP 0094673B1 EP 83104824 A EP83104824 A EP 83104824A EP 83104824 A EP83104824 A EP 83104824A EP 0094673 B1 EP0094673 B1 EP 0094673B1
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- Prior art keywords
- hydrofoils
- way
- catamaran
- hydrofoil
- wing
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
- B63B1/02—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
- B63B1/04—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with single hull
- B63B1/042—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with single hull the underpart of which being partly provided with channels or the like, e.g. catamaran shaped
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
- B63B1/16—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces
- B63B1/24—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces of hydrofoil type
- B63B1/248—Shape, hydrodynamic features, construction of the foil
Definitions
- the invention relates to a catamaran with two spaced apart and essentially parallel boat halves, which are preferably connected to one another by a deck that is in motion above water, and in the tunnel formed in this way in the underwater area between the boat halves transversely arranged wings are.
- catamarans In the field of small and medium-sized high-speed boats, catamarans often offer advantages in terms of high lateral stability and at the same time slenderness of the hull, which are necessary for good sea behavior, especially in rough seas.
- Well-known examples are racing catamarans for deep sea racing.
- European patent application EP-A-0 051 073 describes arrangements in which one or more wings are arranged lengthwise in or near the center of gravity. Asymmetric bodies of the catamaran with straight inner walls were chosen as particularly resistant. This arrangement already has some advantages that have been proven by towing tests. The disadvantage of this arrangement is that the wing and the boat halves are lifted higher and higher out of the water at higher speeds, while at the same time the dynamic buoyancy forces of the hull migrate aft. This leads either to high trim angles if the wing is too far in front of the center of gravity of the boat or, if the wing is too far behind the center of gravity, to positions that have the bow undercut. In addition, if the center of gravity is too far behind the first wing, the vehicle will constantly perform resistance-increasing pitching movements.
- the invention has for its object to provide a system of wings for a fast catamaran that eliminates the disadvantages of the previously known proposals and enables a functional, seaworthy overall system.
- a first wing seen in the longitudinal direction is arranged in or in the immediate vicinity of the center of gravity of the catamaran, that a second wing is arranged near the stern, that both wings have such angles that they are in
- the catamaran's glide is essentially parallel to the water level or has a small angle of attack so that the first wing has a larger projected area than the second wing, and that the projected areas of the wings and the distances of the wings from the center of gravity are selected so that the resultant the buoyancy forces generated by the wings when sliding in the center of gravity or, seen in the longitudinal direction, in the immediate vicinity attacks, both wings are arranged in height so that they act according to their profile depth in the so-called surface effect area, the surface hen bin describes the dynamic lift reduction of a wing when approaching the water surface.
- a wing tandem arrangement which has a self-trimming characteristic, so that for each change in the center of gravity of the catamaran, sufficient trim moments are generated by the wing arrangement which largely eliminate a change in the trim angle of the catamaran.
- This self-trimming is effective over the entire speed range of the vehicle without the need for active trimming or control devices.
- the self-trim is achieved in that at least two wings between the catamaran hulls at certain positions in length and height be arranged that both wings come near the surface of the water at design speed and thus work in the so-called surface effect.
- the lift of the wing is reduced and the lift becomes smaller the closer the wing approaches the surface.
- the lift of the wing depends on the height of the water level (h f ) above the wing and on the ratio between h f and the length of the wing profile (I c ).
- a wing figuratively speaking, begins to feel the surface when the ratio h f / l c reaches 1.0. As soon as the water column above the wing is smaller than this value, the lift quickly decreases until it only reaches about 50% of the original lift when the air enters and the suction side (top) is ventilated.
- the efficiency of a wing is best described by the ratio of drag to lift (D / L). This efficiency decreases slightly in the surface effect, nevertheless, an effective use of the wing in the surface effect is possible until the wing breaks through the surface and the top is completely ventilated.
- the position in which the wing is not yet ventilated is about 0.15 at h f / l c .
- the water level height above the wings should be chosen for good efficiency at h tl l c approx. 0.4.
- the wings are arranged so that they work at design speed in the surface effect area and at this speed carry a fixed proportion of the ship's weight. In this case, the wings always run at the same height below the water level. As soon as one of the wings is submerged due to weight shifting, swell or other influences, its buoyancy rises sharply, so that it tries to reach its old depth again without having to change the angle of attack. This results in a strong automatic stabilization effect.
- at least two wings are provided in a tandem arrangement, one wing shortly before the center of gravity and one wing far behind near the stern.
- the wings can have different profile depths, different angles of attack and different heights to the keel.
- an arrangement is preferably to be provided which has a wing with a greater profile depth just before the center of gravity and a smaller tandem wing near the rear of the vehicle.
- asymmetrical or even symmetrical catamaran hulls can prove to be cheap.
- the overall principle can also be fulfilled with more than two wings, since the vectorial sum of the lift forces can also be generated with several wings. But in these cases it is more difficult to let all these wings run undisturbed with the surface effect.
- it is advantageous that the wings are attached perpendicularly (90 °) to the tunnel walls of the catamaran, in order to avoid flow congestion.
- the invention thus creates a seaworthy platform consisting of two or more hulls, which, by using a hydrofoil tandem and its special arrangement, has an optimum of trim stability in all conceivable sea conditions due to its self-trimming properties. Since the use of hydrofoils only makes sense for fast multihulls anyway, especially for semi-planes and gliders, the device of the hydrofoils according to the invention is intended in particular to improve the performance of catamarans with a strong rise (Deep-V) and straight vertical walls within the tunnel formed by the hull .
- FIGS. 1 to 4 shows the arrangement of a wing tandem for a fully asymmetrical catamaran, in which the wings run at design speed in the surface effect.
- the two boat halves 1 of the catamaran are connected to one another by a deck 2 lying above the water level W in such a way that a tunnel 3 is formed between the boat halves with perpendicular, flat side walls 6 running essentially parallel to one another.
- the center of gravity of the catamaran's length is labeled G.
- the first and larger wing 4 is, seen in the longitudinal direction, near the center of gravity G, the second and smaller wing 5 is arranged near the tail.
- FIGS. 5-6 show which wing shapes are still possible in the surface effect when using the wing tandem.
- the wings can also be angled downward, for example slightly angled or angled in a V-shape.
- the hydrofoils can also be designed as not running from half of the boat to the other half of the boat, that is to say as stumps projecting from the halves of the boat.
- the first wing 4 is arranged relatively higher above the base or keel line in order to only partially lift the hull out of the water when driving and to keep the entire length of the ship under water.
- the wing is relatively larger and provided with a central support 7 in order to allow sufficient bending rigidity.
- the second wing 5 is arranged in the vicinity of the stern at such a height that it works at design speed in the surface effect area, just like the first wing, and forces the double hull of the ship to a trim angle which gives a favorable hull resistance.
- the wings are attached to the tunnel wall in such a way that an essentially 90 ° angle with the wall in cross section (FIG.
- the double fuselage is raised approximately 50% out of the water at the design speed and thus a decrease in resistance of approximately 30% is achieved.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Katamaran mit zwei in einem Abstand und im wesentlichen parallel zueinander angeordneten Bootshälften, die vorzugsweise durch ein Deck, das in Fahrt über Wasser liegt, miteinander verbunden sind, und in dessen derart ausgebildetem Tunnel im Unterwasserbereich zwischen den Bootshälften quer verlaufende Tragflügel angeordnet sind.The invention relates to a catamaran with two spaced apart and essentially parallel boat halves, which are preferably connected to one another by a deck that is in motion above water, and in the tunnel formed in this way in the underwater area between the boat halves transversely arranged wings are.
Auf dem Gebiet kleiner und mittelgroßer Hochgeschwindigkeitsboote eröffnen Katamarane häufig Vorteile hinsichtlich hoher Seitenstabilität bei gleichzeitiger Schlankheit der Bootskörper, die für gutes Seegangsverhalten, besonders bei rauher See, notwendig sind. Bekannte Beispiele sind Rennkatamarane für Hochseerennen.In the field of small and medium-sized high-speed boats, catamarans often offer advantages in terms of high lateral stability and at the same time slenderness of the hull, which are necessary for good sea behavior, especially in rough seas. Well-known examples are racing catamarans for deep sea racing.
Für Arbeits- und Gebrauchsboote konnten diese Vorteile bisher nicht genutzt werden, da der gegenüber Einrumpfbooten höhere Widerstand eine höhere Antriebsleistung erfordert und die dadurch bedingten erhöhten Betriebskosten eine kommerzielle Nutzung nicht zuläßt.So far, these advantages could not be used for work and utility boats, since the higher resistance compared to monohull boats requires a higher drive power and the resulting increased operating costs do not permit commercial use.
Um den Widerstand und damit den Energiebedarf zu senken, ist es bekannt, unter Katamaranen Tragflügel anzuordnen, die ein Teil des Schiffsgewichtes tragen, damit das Schiff höher aus dem Wasser heben, die benetzte Oberfläche verringern und damit den Reibungswiderstand senken. Gleichzeitig wird der Wellenwiderstand durch die geringere Verdrängung der Bootshälften verringert. Im einzelnen wurden bereits einige Wege und Methoden vorgeschlagen, die Tragflügel an Katamaranen einzusetzen. So zeigt die Britische Patentschrift GB-A-1 524 938 die Anordnung von drei Tragflügeln an einem Katamaran, wobei die Tragflügel in gleichen Abständen über die Länge des Katamarans verteilt angeordnet sind.In order to reduce the drag and thus the energy requirement, it is known to arrange under catamarans hydrofoils that carry part of the weight of the ship, so that the ship lifts higher out of the water, reduce the wetted surface and thus reduce the frictional resistance. At the same time, the wave resistance is reduced by the lower displacement of the boat halves. In detail, some ways and methods have already been proposed for using the wings on catamarans. British Patent Specification GB-A-1 524 938, for example, shows the arrangement of three wings on a catamaran, the wings being arranged at equal intervals over the length of the catamaran.
Keine der bekannten Anordnungen der Tragflügel erlaubt bis heute eine praktische Ausführung, da die Anordnung entweder nicht günstig ist oder viele Kontroll- oder Regelfunktionen benötigt, um den Katamaran trimmstabil zu halten oder starke Beschleunigungen im Seegang zu verhindern.To date, none of the known arrangements of the hydrofoils allows a practical implementation, since the arrangement is either not favorable or requires many control or regulating functions in order to keep the catamaran stable in terms of trim or to prevent strong accelerations in rough seas.
Die Europäische Patentanmeldung EP-A-0 051 073 beschreibt Anordnungen, bei denen ein oder mehrere Tragflügel in oder in der Nähe des Gewichtsschwerpunktes der Länge nach angeordnet sind. Hierbei wurden asymmetrische Körper des Katamarans mit geraden Innenwänden als besonders widerstandsgünstig gewählt. Diese Anordnung hat bereits einige Vorteile, die durch Schleppversuche bewiesen wurden. Der Nachteil auch dieser Anordnung ist, daß mit höheren Geschwindigkeiten der Tragflügel und die Bootshälften zunehmend höher aus dem Wasser gehoben werden, während gleichzeitig die dynamischen Auftriebskräfte des Bootskörpers nach achtern wandern. Dieses führt entweder zu hohen Trimmwinkeln, wenn der Tragflügel zu weit vor dem Längenschwerpunkt des Bootes liegt oder dann, wenn der Tragflügel zu weit hinter dem Längenschwerpunkt liegt, zu Positionen, die den Bug unterschneiden lassen. Darüber hinaus wird das Fahrzeug ständig widerstandserhöhende Nickbewegungen ausführen, wenn der Schwerpunkt zu weit hinter dem ersten Tragflügel liegt.European patent application EP-A-0 051 073 describes arrangements in which one or more wings are arranged lengthwise in or near the center of gravity. Asymmetric bodies of the catamaran with straight inner walls were chosen as particularly resistant. This arrangement already has some advantages that have been proven by towing tests. The disadvantage of this arrangement is that the wing and the boat halves are lifted higher and higher out of the water at higher speeds, while at the same time the dynamic buoyancy forces of the hull migrate aft. This leads either to high trim angles if the wing is too far in front of the center of gravity of the boat or, if the wing is too far behind the center of gravity, to positions that have the bow undercut. In addition, if the center of gravity is too far behind the first wing, the vehicle will constantly perform resistance-increasing pitching movements.
Veränderungen des Längenschwerpunktes durch Verschieben von Ladung, Bewegung von Personen und Verbrauch von Treibstoff führen immer zu Veränderungen des Längenschwerpunktes und damit zu einer negativen Veränderung der optimalen Entwurfsanordnung des Tragflügels, die darüber hinaus nur für eine Geschwindigkeit optimal sein kann.Changes in the center of gravity due to shifting cargo, movement of people and consumption of fuel always lead to changes in the center of gravity and thus to a negative change in the optimal design of the wing, which can also only be optimal for one speed.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein System von Tragflügeln für einen schnellen Katamaran zu schaffen, das die Nachteile der bisher bekannten Vorschläge eliminiert und ein funktionstüchtiges, seefähiges Gesamtsystem ermöglicht.The invention has for its object to provide a system of wings for a fast catamaran that eliminates the disadvantages of the previously known proposals and enables a functional, seaworthy overall system.
Diese Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst worden, daß ein erster Tragflügel in Längsrichtung gesehen in oder in unmittelbarer Nähe vor dem Gewichtsschwerpunkt des Katamarans angeordnet ist, daß ein zweiter Tragflügel in der Nähe des Hecks angeordnet ist, daß beide Tragflügel solche Anstellwinkel aufweisen, daß sie in Gleitfahrt des Katamarans im wesentlichen parallel zum Wasserspiegel stehen oder einen kleinen Anstellwinkel haben, daß der erste Tragflügel eine größere projizierte Fläche als der zweite Tragflügel aufweist, und daß die projizierten Flächen der Tragflügel und die Abstände der Tragflügel vom Gewichtsschwerpunkt so gewählt sind, daß die Resultierende der durch die Tragflügel erzeugten Auftriebskräfte bei Gleitfahrt im Gewichtsschwerpunkt oder, in Längsrichtung gesehen, in dessen unmittelbarer Nähe angreift, wobei beide Tragflügel der Höhe nach so angeordnet sind, daß sie entsprechend ihrer Profiltiefe im sogenannten Oberflächeneffektbereich wirken, wobei der Oberflächeneffekt die dynamische Auftriebsverminderung eines Tragflügels bei Annäherung an die Wasseroberfläche beschreibt.This object has been achieved in that a first wing seen in the longitudinal direction is arranged in or in the immediate vicinity of the center of gravity of the catamaran, that a second wing is arranged near the stern, that both wings have such angles that they are in The catamaran's glide is essentially parallel to the water level or has a small angle of attack so that the first wing has a larger projected area than the second wing, and that the projected areas of the wings and the distances of the wings from the center of gravity are selected so that the resultant the buoyancy forces generated by the wings when sliding in the center of gravity or, seen in the longitudinal direction, in the immediate vicinity attacks, both wings are arranged in height so that they act according to their profile depth in the so-called surface effect area, the surface heneffekt describes the dynamic lift reduction of a wing when approaching the water surface.
Mit der Erfindungslösung wird eine Tragflügeltandemanordnung geschaffen, die eine selbsttrimmende Charakteristik besitzt, so daß für jede Änderung des Längenschwerpunktes des Katamarans durch die Tragflügelanordnung genügend Trimmomente erzeugt werden, die eine Änderung des Trimmwinkels des Katamarans weitgehend eliminieren. Diese Selbsttrimmung ist über den gesamten Geschwindigkeitsbereich des Fahrzeugs wirksam, ohne daß aktive Trimm- oder Steuervorrichtungen benötigt werden.With the solution of the invention, a wing tandem arrangement is created which has a self-trimming characteristic, so that for each change in the center of gravity of the catamaran, sufficient trim moments are generated by the wing arrangement which largely eliminate a change in the trim angle of the catamaran. This self-trimming is effective over the entire speed range of the vehicle without the need for active trimming or control devices.
Im einzelnen wird die Selbsttrimmung dadurch erreicht, daß wenigstens zwei Tragflügel zwischen den Katamaranrümpfen an bestimmten Positionen der Länge und Höhe nach so angeordnet werden, daß beide Tragflügel bei Konstruktionsgeschwindigkeit in die Nähe der Wasseroberfläche kommen und damit im sogenannten Oberflächeneffekt arbeiten. Im Oberflächeneffektbereich ist der Auftrieb des Tragflügels reduziert und wird der Auftrieb umso kleiner, je weiter sich der Tragflügel der Oberfläche nähert.In particular, the self-trim is achieved in that at least two wings between the catamaran hulls at certain positions in length and height be arranged that both wings come near the surface of the water at design speed and thus work in the so-called surface effect. In the surface effect area, the lift of the wing is reduced and the lift becomes smaller the closer the wing approaches the surface.
Der Auftrieb des Tragflügels hängt ab von der Höhe des Wasserspiegels (hf) über dem Tragflügel und von dem Verhältnis zwischen hf und der Länge des Tragflügelprofiles (Ic). Ein Tragflügel fängt, bildlich gesprochen, an, die Oberfläche zu fühlen, wenn das Verhältnis hf/lc 1,0 erreicht. Sobald die Wassersäule über dem Tragflügel kleiner als dieser Wert ist, nimmt der Auftrieb schnell ab, bis er bei Lufteinbruch und Ventilation der Saugseite (Oberseite) nur noch etwa 50 % des ursprünglichen Auftriebs erreicht.The lift of the wing depends on the height of the water level (h f ) above the wing and on the ratio between h f and the length of the wing profile (I c ). A wing, figuratively speaking, begins to feel the surface when the ratio h f / l c reaches 1.0. As soon as the water column above the wing is smaller than this value, the lift quickly decreases until it only reaches about 50% of the original lift when the air enters and the suction side (top) is ventilated.
Der Wirkungsgrad eines Tragflügels wird am besten beschrieben durch das Verhältnis Widerstand zu Auftrieb (D/L). Im Oberflächeneffekt nimmt dieser Wirkungsgrad leicht ab, trotzdem ist ein wirkungsvoller Einsatz des Tragflügels im Oberflächeneffekt gut möglich, bis der Tragflügel die Oberfläche durchbricht und die Oberseite vollkommen ventiliert wird. Die Position, in der der Tragflügel noch nicht ventiliert wird, liegt bei hf/lc ca. 0,15. Die Wasserspiegelhöhe über den Tragflügeln soll des guten Wirkungsgrades wegen bei htllc ca. 0,4 gewählt werden.The efficiency of a wing is best described by the ratio of drag to lift (D / L). This efficiency decreases slightly in the surface effect, nevertheless, an effective use of the wing in the surface effect is possible until the wing breaks through the surface and the top is completely ventilated. The position in which the wing is not yet ventilated is about 0.15 at h f / l c . The water level height above the wings should be chosen for good efficiency at h tl l c approx. 0.4.
Die Tragflügel werden so angeordnet, daß sie bei Konstruktionsgeschwindigkeit im Oberflächeneffektbereich arbeiten und bei dieser Geschwindigkeit einen festgelegten Anteil des Schiffsgewichtes tragen. In diesem Fall laufen die Tragflügel in einer stets gleichen Höhe unterhalb des Wasserspiegels. Sowie einer der Tragflügel tiefer getaucht wird durch Gewichtsverlagerung, Seegang oder andere Einflüsse, steigt sein Auftrieb stark an, so daß er versucht, seine alte Tauchtiefe wieder zu erreichen, ohne daß dadurch der Anstellwinkel verändert werden muß. Daraus ergibt sich ein starker automatischer Stabilisierungseffekt. Zur optimalen Nutzung dieses Effekts sind wenigstens zwei Tragflügel in Tandemanordnung vorgesehen, ein Tragflügel kurz vor dem Längenschwerpunkt und ein Tragflügel weit hinten in der Nähe des Hecks.The wings are arranged so that they work at design speed in the surface effect area and at this speed carry a fixed proportion of the ship's weight. In this case, the wings always run at the same height below the water level. As soon as one of the wings is submerged due to weight shifting, swell or other influences, its buoyancy rises sharply, so that it tries to reach its old depth again without having to change the angle of attack. This results in a strong automatic stabilization effect. For optimal use of this effect, at least two wings are provided in a tandem arrangement, one wing shortly before the center of gravity and one wing far behind near the stern.
Die Tragflügel können unterschiedliche Profiltiefe, unterschiedliche Anstellwinkel sowie unterschiedliche Höhe zum Kiel besitzen. Für Hochgeschwindigkeitsboote ist vorzugsweise eine Anordnung vorzusehen, die einen Tragflügel mit größerer Profiltiefe kurz vor dem Längenschwerpunkt und einen kleineren Tandemflügel nahe dem Heck des Fahrzeugs aufweist.The wings can have different profile depths, different angles of attack and different heights to the keel. For high-speed boats, an arrangement is preferably to be provided which has a wing with a greater profile depth just before the center of gravity and a smaller tandem wing near the rear of the vehicle.
Extreme Vorwärtspositionen des vorderen Tragflügels sind zu vermeiden, da der Flügel aus dem Wasser schießen würde und harte Stöße unvermeidlich waren.Extreme forward positions of the front wing should be avoided as the wing would shoot out of the water and hard impacts were inevitable.
Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen beschrieben.Developments of the invention are described in the subclaims.
Für langsamere Schiffe, die mit Froudezahlen von FNO < 2,5 operieren, können asymmetrische oder sogar symmetrische Katamaran-Einzeirümpfe sich als günstig erweisen. Das Gesamtprinzip läßt sich auch mit mehr als zwei Tragflügeln erfüllen, da die vektorielle Summe der Auftriebskräfte auch mit mehreren Tragflügeln erzeugt werden kann. Doch ist es in diesen Fällen schwerer, alle diese Tragflügel ungestört im Oberflächeneffekt laufen zu lassen. Vorteilhaft ist es jedenfalls, daß die Tragflügel senkrecht (90°) zu den Tunnelwänden des Katamarans befestigt werden, um Strömungsstau zu vermeiden.For slower ships operating with Froude numbers of FNO <2.5, asymmetrical or even symmetrical catamaran hulls can prove to be cheap. The overall principle can also be fulfilled with more than two wings, since the vectorial sum of the lift forces can also be generated with several wings. But in these cases it is more difficult to let all these wings run undisturbed with the surface effect. In any case, it is advantageous that the wings are attached perpendicularly (90 °) to the tunnel walls of the catamaran, in order to avoid flow congestion.
Mit der Erfindung wird somit eine aus zwei oder mehreren Rümpfen bestehende seefähige Plattform geschaffen, die durch Verwendung eines Tragflügeltandems und dessen spezielle Anordnung bei allen denkbaren Seegangsbedingungen vermöge ihrer selbsttrimmenden Eigenschaften ein Optimum an Trimmstabilität aufweist. Da der Einsatz von Tragflügeln ohnehin nur für schnelle Mehrrumpfboote sinnvoll erscheint, insbesondere für Halbgleiter und Gleiter, soll die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung der Tragflügel insbesondere die Leistung von Katamaranen mit starker Aufkimmung (Deep-V) und geraden senkrechten Wänden innerhalb des durch die Bootskörper gebildeten Tunnels verbessern.The invention thus creates a seaworthy platform consisting of two or more hulls, which, by using a hydrofoil tandem and its special arrangement, has an optimum of trim stability in all conceivable sea conditions due to its self-trimming properties. Since the use of hydrofoils only makes sense for fast multihulls anyway, especially for semi-planes and gliders, the device of the hydrofoils according to the invention is intended in particular to improve the performance of catamarans with a strong rise (Deep-V) and straight vertical walls within the tunnel formed by the hull .
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung, aus denen sich weitere erfinderische Merkmale ergeben, sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1 einen mit Tragflügeln ausgerüsteten Katamaran in Ruhestellung,
- Fig. 2 den Katamaran gemäß Fig. 1 in Gleitfahrt-Stellung,
- Fig. 3 den Katamaran gemäß Fig. 1 in Unteransicht,
- Fig. 4 den Katamaran gemäß Fig. 1 in Vorderansicht
- Fig. 5 bis 8 Unteransichten entsprechend ausgerüsteter Katamarane mit verschiedenen Tragflügelformen und
- Fig. 9 bis 11 die Tragflügelanordnung an einem Katamaran mit vollsymmetrischen Halbgleiterbootsrümpfen in Seitenansicht, Unteransicht und Vorderansicht.
- 1 a catamaran equipped with wings in the rest position,
- 2 shows the catamaran according to FIG. 1 in the sliding position,
- 3 is a bottom view of the catamaran according to FIG. 1,
- Fig. 4 shows the catamaran of FIG. 1 in a front view
- Fig. 5 to 8 bottom views of appropriately equipped catamarans with different wing shapes and
- Fig. 9 to 11, the wing assembly on a catamaran with fully symmetrical semi-glider hulls in side view, bottom view and front view.
Das Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 1 bis 4 zeigt die Anordnung eine Tragflügeltandems für einen voll asymmetrischen Katamaran, bei dem die Tragflügel bei Konstruktionsgeschwindigkeit im Oberflächeneffekt laufen. Die beiden Bootshälften 1 des Katamarans sind durch ein über dem Wasserspiegel W liegendes Deck 2 derart miteinander verbunden, daß zwischen den Bootshälften ein Tunnel 3 mit zueinander im wesentlichen parallel verlaufenden lotrechten, ebenen Seitenwänden 6 gebildet ist.The embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 4 shows the arrangement of a wing tandem for a fully asymmetrical catamaran, in which the wings run at design speed in the surface effect. The two
Der Gewichtsschwerpunkt des Katamarans der Länge nach ist mit G bezeichnet. Der erste und größere Tragflügel 4 ist, in Längsrichtung gesehen, in der Nähe des Gewichtsschwerpunktes G angeordnet, der zweite und kleinere Tragflügel 5 ist in der Nähe des Hecks angeordnet.The center of gravity of the catamaran's length is labeled G. The first and larger wing 4 is, seen in the longitudinal direction, near the center of gravity G, the second and
Die Tragflügel sind so angebracht, daß sie bei Konstruktionsgeschwindigkeit parallel zum Wasserspiegel W laufen, während die Bootskörper im günstigen Trimmwinkel für Gleitboote yr = 3 - 6° angestellt sind. Das bedeutet, daß die Tragflügel in Ruheposition des Katamarans durchaus negative Anstellwinkel in Schiffslängsrichtung zur Horizontalen haben können und müssen.The hydrofoils are attached so that they run parallel to the water level W at design speed, while the hulls are set at a favorable trim angle for sliding boats yr = 3 - 6 °. This means that the wings in the resting position of the catamaran can and must have negative angles of attack in the longitudinal direction of the ship to the horizontal.
Geometrisch sind die beiden Tragflügel so angeordnet, daß sie bei Gleitfahrt des Katamarans die gleiche relative Tauchung hf/Ic = 0,5 - 0,2 einnehmen. Wenn eine Veränderung des Längenschwerpunktes G des Katamarans eintritt, wird der Tragflügel, dessen horizontale Entfernung zum Längenschwerpunkt abgenommen hat, tiefer tauchen und sofort einen größeren Auftrieb erzeugen und damit das Boot in die alte Trimmposition zwingen. Hiermit wird eine trimmstabile Plattform im gesamten Geschwindigkeitsbereich hergestellt (die Seitenstabilität ist ohnehin bei einem Mehrrumpfboot groß). Nickbewegungen (Porpoising), wie sie bei allen bekannten Ein- und Mehrrumpfbooten vorkommen, sind ganz weitgehend eliminiert.Geometrically, the two wings are arranged so that they assume the same relative immersion h f / I c = 0.5 - 0.2 when the catamaran is sliding. If a change in the center of gravity G of the catamaran occurs, the wing, whose horizontal distance to the center of gravity has decreased, will dive deeper and immediately generate greater lift, forcing the boat into the old trim position. This creates a trim-stable platform in the entire speed range (the lateral stability is great anyway in a multihull boat). Pitching movements (porpoising), as they occur in all known single and multi-hull boats, have been largely eliminated.
Die Ausführungsbeispiele nach Fig. 5 - 6 zeigen, welche Tragflügelformen bei der Anwendung des Tragflügeltandems im Oberflächeneffekt noch möglich sind. Darüber hinaus können die Tragflügel auch nach unten abgewinkelt, beispielsweise schwach V-förmig abgewinkelt oder angewinkelt, sein. Die Tragflügel können auch als nicht von Bootshälfte zu Bootshälfte durchlaufend, also als von den Bootshälften vorstehende Flügelstümpfe ausgebildet sein.The exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 5-6 show which wing shapes are still possible in the surface effect when using the wing tandem. In addition, the wings can also be angled downward, for example slightly angled or angled in a V-shape. The hydrofoils can also be designed as not running from half of the boat to the other half of the boat, that is to say as stumps projecting from the halves of the boat.
Fig. 9, 10, 11 zeigen einen Katamaran mit vollsymmetrischen Halbgleiterbootsrümpfen. Der erste Tragflügel 4 ist hier relativ höher über der Basis- oder Kiellinie angeordnet, um die Bootkörper bei Fahrt nur teilweise aus dem Wasser zu heben und im wesentlichen die volle Schiffslänge unter Wasser zu halten. Der Tragflügel ist relativ größer und mit einer Mittelstütze 7 versehen, um ausreichende Biegesteifigkeit zu erlauben. Der zweite Tragflügel 5 ist in der Nähe vor dem Heck in einer solchen Höhe angeordnet, daß er bei Konstruktionsgeschwindigkeit im Oberflächeneffektbereich arbeitet, genau so wie der erste Tragflügel, und dem Schiffsdoppelrumpf einen Trimmwinkel aufzwingt, der einen günstigen Schiffskörperwiderstand ergibt. Die Tragflügel sind so an der Tunnelwand befestigt, daß im wesentlichen ein Winkel von 90° mit der Wand im Querschnitt (Fig. 11) entsteht, um Strömungsaufstau zu verhindern. Wird der Tragflügel 4 auf einer Höhe über dem Kiel von ungefähr 1/4 bis 1/2 des Tiefganges angeordnet, so wird der Doppelrumpf bei Konstruktionsgeschwindigkeit etwa zu 50 % aus dem Wasser gehoben und damit eine Widerstandsabnahme von ungefähr 30 % erzielt.9, 10, 11 show a catamaran with fully symmetrical semi-glider hulls. The first wing 4 is arranged relatively higher above the base or keel line in order to only partially lift the hull out of the water when driving and to keep the entire length of the ship under water. The wing is relatively larger and provided with a
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA823455 | 1982-05-19 | ||
| ZA823455 | 1982-05-19 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0094673A2 EP0094673A2 (en) | 1983-11-23 |
| EP0094673A3 EP0094673A3 (en) | 1984-11-28 |
| EP0094673B1 true EP0094673B1 (en) | 1986-09-03 |
Family
ID=25576087
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP83104824A Expired EP0094673B1 (en) | 1982-05-19 | 1983-05-17 | Arrangement of hydrofoils for a catamaran |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4606291A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0094673B1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU553436B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1198938A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3365824D1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2121731B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19752170C2 (en) * | 1997-11-25 | 2001-04-26 | Klaus J Enzmann | Buoyancy device located in the bow area of a multi-hull watercraft |
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| DE3514195A1 (en) * | 1985-04-19 | 1986-10-23 | Hans Gerd Dipl.-Ing. 2874 Lemwerder Gerdsen | ELECTRIC WING ARRANGEMENT FOR A GLIDER CATAMARAN |
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| DE3730008C2 (en) * | 1987-09-08 | 1996-12-12 | Blohm Voss Ag | Watercraft with at least one guide fin far in front of a rear propeller |
| USRE33359E (en) * | 1987-03-17 | 1990-10-02 | Planing catamaran vessel | |
| US4802428A (en) * | 1987-03-17 | 1989-02-07 | Lang Thomas G | Planing catamaran vessel |
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| US5664910A (en) * | 1987-05-27 | 1997-09-09 | Light Wave, Ltd. | Boat activated wave generator |
| US4951591A (en) * | 1988-07-29 | 1990-08-28 | Coles Charles F | Powered boat hull |
| US4896621A (en) * | 1988-07-29 | 1990-01-30 | Coles Charles F | Method of modifying a boat hull to obtain enhanced lift and rough water stability |
| US5136961A (en) * | 1989-12-21 | 1992-08-11 | Follett Harold E | Hydroplaning hydrofoil/airfoil structures and amphibious and aquatic craft |
| US5311832A (en) * | 1991-12-20 | 1994-05-17 | Dynafoils, Inc. | Advanced marine vehicles for operation at high speeds in or above rough water |
| US5653189A (en) * | 1991-12-20 | 1997-08-05 | Dynafoils, Inc. | Hydrofoil craft |
| US5404830A (en) * | 1992-05-11 | 1995-04-11 | Ligozio; Peter A. | Finned boat hull |
| AU661942B2 (en) * | 1993-03-12 | 1995-08-10 | Hitachi Zosen Corporation | Twin-hull boat with hydrofoils |
| US5355827A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1994-10-18 | Dcd, Ltd. | Catamaran |
| US5448963A (en) * | 1994-09-13 | 1995-09-12 | Gallington; Roger W. | Hydrofoil supported planing watercraft |
| US6105527A (en) * | 1996-12-18 | 2000-08-22 | Light Wave Ltd. | Boat activated wake enhancement method and system |
| ZA983763B (en) * | 1997-05-06 | 1999-01-20 | Univ Stellenbosch | Hydrofoil supported water craft |
| US6058872A (en) * | 1998-10-22 | 2000-05-09 | Board Of Supervisors Of Louisiana State University And Agricultural And Mechanical College | Hybrid hull for high speed water transport |
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| AU2002254156B2 (en) * | 2001-03-12 | 2007-08-02 | Charles F. Coles | Powered boat hull |
| US6634310B2 (en) * | 2002-02-04 | 2003-10-21 | Donald E. Burg | High efficiency high speed ship |
| US20040161337A1 (en) * | 2003-02-14 | 2004-08-19 | Horacio Pineda | Water wheel |
| AU2007273960B2 (en) * | 2006-06-13 | 2011-12-01 | Cape Advanced Engineering (Proprietary) Limited | A hydrofoil-assisted multi-hulled watercraft |
| GB0621701D0 (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2006-12-06 | Makmarine Ltd | Improved multihull water craft |
| US7487736B2 (en) * | 2006-12-05 | 2009-02-10 | Carl Daley | Hybrid boat hull |
| AU2011214904B2 (en) * | 2010-02-11 | 2016-08-11 | Austal Ships Pty Ltd | Vessel configured for pitch reduction |
| IT1403578B1 (en) * | 2011-02-01 | 2013-10-31 | Brizzolara | VESSEL DEVICE |
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| GB2518341A (en) | 2012-11-02 | 2015-03-25 | Ian Duncan | Planing hydrofoils for marine craft |
| GB2509484B (en) * | 2012-11-02 | 2018-10-03 | Duncan Ian | Method of Operating Foil-assisted Catamaran Marine Craft |
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| US10272970B2 (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2019-04-30 | Charles E Watts | System for automatically modifying the lean of a catamaran during a turn |
| RU2600263C1 (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2016-10-20 | Александр Поликарпович Лялин | High-speed catamaran |
| GB201702625D0 (en) | 2017-02-17 | 2017-04-05 | Ben Ainslie Racing (Holdings) Ltd | Powerboat |
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| RU192130U1 (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-09-04 | Владимир Владимирович Ларькин | WATER CATAMARAN |
| RU192097U1 (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2019-09-03 | Владимир Владимирович Ларькин | GLOSSING CATAMARAN |
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-
1983
- 1983-05-09 US US06/492,703 patent/US4606291A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1983-05-10 AU AU14397/83A patent/AU553436B2/en not_active Expired
- 1983-05-12 CA CA000427969A patent/CA1198938A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-05-16 GB GB08313434A patent/GB2121731B/en not_active Expired
- 1983-05-17 DE DE8383104824T patent/DE3365824D1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-05-17 EP EP83104824A patent/EP0094673B1/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19752170C2 (en) * | 1997-11-25 | 2001-04-26 | Klaus J Enzmann | Buoyancy device located in the bow area of a multi-hull watercraft |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2121731A (en) | 1984-01-04 |
| EP0094673A3 (en) | 1984-11-28 |
| GB8313434D0 (en) | 1983-06-22 |
| AU553436B2 (en) | 1986-07-17 |
| DE3365824D1 (en) | 1986-10-09 |
| AU1439783A (en) | 1983-11-24 |
| EP0094673A2 (en) | 1983-11-23 |
| US4606291A (en) | 1986-08-19 |
| GB2121731B (en) | 1986-05-14 |
| CA1198938A (en) | 1986-01-07 |
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