EP0093631B1 - Safety abutment for the pivots of variable position stator vanes - Google Patents

Safety abutment for the pivots of variable position stator vanes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0093631B1
EP0093631B1 EP83400695A EP83400695A EP0093631B1 EP 0093631 B1 EP0093631 B1 EP 0093631B1 EP 83400695 A EP83400695 A EP 83400695A EP 83400695 A EP83400695 A EP 83400695A EP 0093631 B1 EP0093631 B1 EP 0093631B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pivot
arm
inner ring
attachment means
vanes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83400695A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0093631A1 (en
Inventor
Daniel Jean Marey
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
Original Assignee
Societe Nationale dEtude et de Construction de Moteurs dAviation SNECMA
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Publication of EP0093631A1 publication Critical patent/EP0093631A1/en
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Publication of EP0093631B1 publication Critical patent/EP0093631B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/10Final actuators
    • F01D17/12Final actuators arranged in stator parts
    • F01D17/14Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
    • F01D17/16Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes
    • F01D17/162Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes for axial flow, i.e. the vanes turning around axes which are essentially perpendicular to the rotor centre line

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a safety stop device in a stator formed of variable-pitch blades, each blade comprising a head pivot and a foot pivot, the head pivot cooperating with a bearing fixed in the motor casing, being driven by a device for adjusting the orientation of the blades, the foot pivot being movable in a bearing fixed in an inner ring of the motor, the safety stop device comprising stop elements provided in the inner ring to limit the deflections of the blade in the event of a rupture of one of the elements of the device for adjusting the orientation of the blades.
  • stator vanes with variable setting is given in French patent N ° 2205952 in which the preliminary compression stage and four upper compression stages are fitted with adjustable stator fins.
  • the pivots at the head of these fins are controlled by a ring and lever system which, from a single order, changes the orientation of the fins of each stage concerned.
  • the stator of the preliminary compression stage comprises fins of relatively large dimensions, which are further provided with a pivot at the foot allowing the bending forces to be taken up.
  • the invention aims to minimize the drawbacks resulting from a break in control and is suitable in particular for stator blades with variable setting controlled at the head and comprising a foot pivot.
  • a device of this kind is already known from US-A patent No. 3029067 which provides a stop consisting of a pin and cooperating with part of the blade to prevent unwanted rotation beyond a certain angular value.
  • the proposed device is not entirely satisfactory, in particular for the simplicity of construction and the shear strength at high torques.
  • the device according to the invention is remarkable in that it consists of an arm comprising means for fixing to the foot pivot and of abutment elements constituted by the side walls of a circumferential groove formed in the internal surface of the inner ring and against which the arm rests.
  • Fig. 1 shows in partial section part of a compressor stage comprising a stator 1 formed of a crown of vanes 2 with pivots at the top 3 and at the bottom 4 whose orientation is controlled at the top by a control system 5 located at outside the crankcase 6, and a rotor 7 formed of vanes 8, the feet of which are embedded in the rotor disc 9.
  • the head pivot 3 pivots in a bearing fixed in the upper ring or casing 6.
  • a connecting rod or control lever 10 is fixed by one of its ends to the pivot 3 and, by its other end, to a control device 11 of the crown of blades.
  • the foot pivot 4 is held in a bearing 12 fixed in the inner ring 13.
  • the stop device according to the invention (fig. 2,3, 5) consists of an arm 14 in the hands comprising means for fixing to the pivot 4 and stop elements 15, 16 fixed to the inner ring 13 and against which the arm 14 is supported, in the event of a break in the control mechanism 10-11 for example.
  • the cylindrical pivot 4 of the blade root carries at its end at least one flat 17, and preferably two parallel flat.
  • the pivot 4 cooperates with a bearing 12 consisting of a bush made of a self-lubricating material fixed in the lower ring 13 of the stage.
  • This ring is provided on its internal surface 18 with a circumferential groove 19 in which the end of the pivot 4 projects and, in particular, the part carrying the flats 17.
  • An arm 14 is fixed on the end of the pivot by fixing means formed by a central hole 20 of rectangular shape with two opposite curved sides corresponding to the shape of the end of the pivot.
  • the arm 14 has, in plan view (fig. 4) a diamond shape in which the two vertices 22, 23 located on the small diagonal, are rounded. The length of this diagonal is less than the width of the groove 19.
  • angles of the rhombus are determined so as to allow the orientation of the blades to be adjusted at a given angle.
  • the end of the opposite sides of the rhombus is placed against the abutment elements formed by the sides 15, 16 of the groove 19.
  • annular profile 21 for example in the form of a C, is fixed by any means known per se to the lower ring 13.
  • the foot pivot 4 carries in its axis a hexagonal blind hole 24, into which penetrates a stud 25 of comparable shape and dimensions, perpendicular to the plane of the arm 14 and integral with the latter.
  • An annular C 21 profile fixed on the inner ring ensures the sealing and possibly maintains the arm in cooperation with the pivot.
  • the fact of limiting the amplitude of the possible accidental movement of the blade makes it possible to limit the total length of the motor: in fact, the blades can no longer be placed in a flag, rope parallel to the wind bed, we can reduce the length of the motor by 5 mm per stage, resulting in a significant reduction in mass.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)

Description

L'invention concerne un dispositif de butée de sécurité dans un stator formé d'aubes à calage variable, chaque aube comportant un pivot en tête et un pivot en pied, le pivot de tête coopérant avec un palier fixé dans le carter du moteur, étant entraîné par un dispositif de réglage de l'orientation des aubes, le pivot de pied étant mobile dans un palier fixé dans un anneau intérieur du moteur, le dispositif de butée de sécurité comprenant des éléments de butée prévus dans l'anneau intérieur pour limiter les débattements de l'aube en cas de rupture de l'un des éléments du dispositif de réglage de l'orientation des aubes.The invention relates to a safety stop device in a stator formed of variable-pitch blades, each blade comprising a head pivot and a foot pivot, the head pivot cooperating with a bearing fixed in the motor casing, being driven by a device for adjusting the orientation of the blades, the foot pivot being movable in a bearing fixed in an inner ring of the motor, the safety stop device comprising stop elements provided in the inner ring to limit the deflections of the blade in the event of a rupture of one of the elements of the device for adjusting the orientation of the blades.

L'adaptation de l'orientation des ailettes de stator des différents étage de compresseur est particulièrement souhaitable lorsque l'on désire, pour les différents étages, à un régime donné, parexem- pie là plus grande pression possible tout en conservant une marge au pompage suffisante. En conséquence, les ailettes d'un ou de plusieurs étages de compression portent au moins un pivot, monté dans un palier, susceptible d'être entraîné par un dispositif de commande. Si un élément de liaison mécanique, par exemple un axe reliant deux leviers successifs du mécanisme de commande ou un axe reliant l'un de ces leviers à un élément fixe tel que le carter, ne remplit plus son office d'élément de liaison, pour une cause quelconque telle que rupture ou perte après desserrage d'un écrou de maintien, il peut se produire

  • - une mise en drapeau brutale des aubes, ce qui entraîne un pompage probable de l'étage tout entier;
  • - un flottement entretenu des aubes, ce qui entraîne la rupture quasi certaine de l'une d'entre elles et la destruction des étages du rotor suivant, voire des destructions secondaires encore plus graves.
The adaptation of the orientation of the stator fins of the different compressor stages is particularly desirable when it is desired, for the different stages, at a given speed, for example the greatest possible pressure while retaining a pumping margin. sufficient. Consequently, the fins of one or more compression stages carry at least one pivot, mounted in a bearing, capable of being driven by a control device. If a mechanical connecting element, for example an axis connecting two successive levers of the control mechanism or an axis connecting one of these levers to a fixed element such as the casing, no longer fulfills its function as a connecting element, for any cause such as breakage or loss after loosening a retaining nut, it may occur
  • - a brutal feathering of the blades, which leads to a probable pumping of the whole stage;
  • - A maintained floating of the blades, which causes the almost certain rupture of one of them and the destruction of the stages of the next rotor, even even more serious secondary destruction.

Un exemple d'aubes de stator à calage variable est donnédans le brevet français N° 2205952 dans lequel l'étage de compression préliminaire et quatre étages supérieurs de compression sont équipés d'ailettes de stator réglables. Les pivots disposés en tête de ces ailettes sont commandés par un système à anneaux et leviers qui, à partir d'une commande unique, modifie l'orientation des ailettes de chaque étage concerné. Le stator de t'étage de compression préliminaire comporte des ailettes de relativement grandes dimensions, qui sont munies en outre d'un pivot en pied permettant de reprendre les efforts de flexion.An example of stator vanes with variable setting is given in French patent N ° 2205952 in which the preliminary compression stage and four upper compression stages are fitted with adjustable stator fins. The pivots at the head of these fins are controlled by a ring and lever system which, from a single order, changes the orientation of the fins of each stage concerned. The stator of the preliminary compression stage comprises fins of relatively large dimensions, which are further provided with a pivot at the foot allowing the bending forces to be taken up.

L'invention vise à minimiser les inconvénients résultant d'une rupture de commande et est adaptée en particulier à des aubes de stator à calage variable commandées en tête et comportant un pivot de pied. Un dispositif de ce genre est déjà connu par le brevet US-A N° 3029067 qui prévoit une butée constituée d'un pion et coopérant avec une partie de l'aube pour empêcher une rotation indésirable au-delà d'une certaine valeur angulaire. Toutefois, le dispositif proposé ne donne pas entière satisfaction, notamment pour la simplicité de réalisation et la résistance en cisaillement aux couples élevés.The invention aims to minimize the drawbacks resulting from a break in control and is suitable in particular for stator blades with variable setting controlled at the head and comprising a foot pivot. A device of this kind is already known from US-A patent No. 3029067 which provides a stop consisting of a pin and cooperating with part of the blade to prevent unwanted rotation beyond a certain angular value. However, the proposed device is not entirely satisfactory, in particular for the simplicity of construction and the shear strength at high torques.

Le dispositif selon l'invention est remarquable en ce qu'il est constitué d'un bras comportant des moyens de fixation au pivot de pied et d'éléments de butée constitués par les parois latérales d'une rainure circonférentielle ménagée dans la surface interne de l'anneau intérieur et contre lesquelles vient s'appuyer le bras.The device according to the invention is remarkable in that it consists of an arm comprising means for fixing to the foot pivot and of abutment elements constituted by the side walls of a circumferential groove formed in the internal surface of the inner ring and against which the arm rests.

Les explications et figures données ci-après à titre d'exemple, permettront de comprendre comment l'invention peut être réalisée.

  • La fig. 1 représente la disposition d'une aube à deux pivots commandée en tête.
  • La fig. 2 est une vue en perspective éclatée et en coupe partielle d'un pivot comportant un dispositif de butée selon l'invention.
  • La fig. 3 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un pivot équipé d'un dispositif selon une première forme de réalisation de l'invention.
  • La fig. 4 est une vue selon IV de la fig. 3, sans la pièce 21.
  • La fig. 5 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un pivot équipé d'un dispositif selon une deuxième forme de réalisation.
The explanations and figures given below by way of example will make it possible to understand how the invention can be implemented.
  • Fig. 1 shows the arrangement of a blade with two pivots controlled at the head.
  • Fig. 2 is an exploded perspective view in partial section of a pivot comprising a stop device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a view in longitudinal section of a pivot fitted with a device according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a view along IV of FIG. 3, without part 21.
  • Fig. 5 is a view in longitudinal section of a pivot fitted with a device according to a second embodiment.

La fig. 1 montre en coupe partielle une partie d'un étage compresseur comportant un stator 1 formé d'une couronne d'aubes 2 à pivots en tête 3 et en pied 4 dont l'orientation est commandée en tête par un système de commande 5 situé à l'extérieur du carter moteur 6, et un rotor 7 formé d'aubes 8 dont les pieds sont encastrés dans le disque de rotor 9.Fig. 1 shows in partial section part of a compressor stage comprising a stator 1 formed of a crown of vanes 2 with pivots at the top 3 and at the bottom 4 whose orientation is controlled at the top by a control system 5 located at outside the crankcase 6, and a rotor 7 formed of vanes 8, the feet of which are embedded in the rotor disc 9.

Le pivot de tête 3 tourillonne dans un palier fixé dans l'anneau supérieur ou carter 6. Une bielle ou levier de commande 10 est fixé par une de ses extrémités au pivot 3 et, par son autre extrémité, à un dispositif de commande 11 de la couronne d'aubes.The head pivot 3 pivots in a bearing fixed in the upper ring or casing 6. A connecting rod or control lever 10 is fixed by one of its ends to the pivot 3 and, by its other end, to a control device 11 of the crown of blades.

Le pivot de pied 4 est maintenu dans un palier 12 fixé dans l'anneau intérieur 13.The foot pivot 4 is held in a bearing 12 fixed in the inner ring 13.

Le dispositif de butée selon l'invention (fig. 2,3, 5) est constitué d'au mains un bras 14 comportant des moyens de fixation au pivot 4 et d'éléments de butée 15, 16 fixés à l'anneau intérieur 13 et contre lesquels vient s'appuyer le bras 14, en cas de rupture du mécanisme de commande 10-11 par exemple.The stop device according to the invention (fig. 2,3, 5) consists of an arm 14 in the hands comprising means for fixing to the pivot 4 and stop elements 15, 16 fixed to the inner ring 13 and against which the arm 14 is supported, in the event of a break in the control mechanism 10-11 for example.

Selon la forme de réalisation représentée fig. 2, 3, 4, le pivot cylindrique 4 du pied de l'aube porte àson extrémité au moins un méplat 17, et de préférence deux méplats parallèles.According to the embodiment shown in fig. 2, 3, 4, the cylindrical pivot 4 of the blade root carries at its end at least one flat 17, and preferably two parallel flat.

Le pivot 4 coopère avec un palier 12 constitué d'une douille en un matériau autolubrifiant fixé dans l'anneau inférieur 13 de l'étage. Cet anneau est pourvu à sa surface interne 18 d'une rainure circonférentielle 19 dans laquelle fait saillie l'extrémité du pivot 4 et, en particulier, la partie portant les méplats 17. Un bras 14 vient se fixer sur l'extrémité du pivot par des moyens de fixation formés d'un trou central 20 de forme rectangulaire avec deux côtés opposés courbes correspondant à la forme de l'extrémité du pivot. Le bras 14 présente, vue en plan (fig. 4) une forme en losange dans lequel les deux sommets 22, 23 situés sur la petite diagonale, sont arrondis. La longueur de cette diagonale est inférieure à la largeur de la rainure 19. Les angles du losange sont déterminés de manière à permettre le réglage de l'orientation des aubes dans un angle donné. En cas de rupture de l'élément de commande, l'extrémité des côtés opposés du losange vient se placer contre les éléments de butée constitués par les côtés 15, 16 de la rainure 19.The pivot 4 cooperates with a bearing 12 consisting of a bush made of a self-lubricating material fixed in the lower ring 13 of the stage. This ring is provided on its internal surface 18 with a circumferential groove 19 in which the end of the pivot 4 projects and, in particular, the part carrying the flats 17. An arm 14 is fixed on the end of the pivot by fixing means formed by a central hole 20 of rectangular shape with two opposite curved sides corresponding to the shape of the end of the pivot. The arm 14 has, in plan view (fig. 4) a diamond shape in which the two vertices 22, 23 located on the small diagonal, are rounded. The length of this diagonal is less than the width of the groove 19. The angles of the rhombus are determined so as to allow the orientation of the blades to be adjusted at a given angle. In the event of the control element breaking, the end of the opposite sides of the rhombus is placed against the abutment elements formed by the sides 15, 16 of the groove 19.

Afin d'assurer l'étanchéité de la rainure 19 et/ou le maintien du bras, un profilé annulaire 21 par exemple en forme de C est fixé par tout moyen connu en soi sur l'anneau inférieur 13.In order to seal the groove 19 and / or maintain the arm, an annular profile 21, for example in the form of a C, is fixed by any means known per se to the lower ring 13.

Selon une deuxième forme de réalisation présentée sur la fig. 5, le pivot de pied 4 porte dans son axe un trou borgne hexagonal 24, dans lequel pénètre un téton 25 de forme et de dimensions comparables, perpendiculaire au plan du bras 14 et solidaire de celui-ci. Un profilé annulaire en C 21 fixé sur l'anneau intérieur assure l'étanchéité et maintien éventuellement le bras en coopération avec le pivot.According to a second embodiment presented in FIG. 5, the foot pivot 4 carries in its axis a hexagonal blind hole 24, into which penetrates a stud 25 of comparable shape and dimensions, perpendicular to the plane of the arm 14 and integral with the latter. An annular C 21 profile fixed on the inner ring ensures the sealing and possibly maintains the arm in cooperation with the pivot.

Selon d'autres formes de réalisation équivalentes non représentées

  • - ou le bras a la forme d'un triangle isocèle, correspondant à une partie tronquée du losange et comportant au milieu de sa base les moyens de fixation à l'extrémité du pivot,
  • - ou le bras a une forme rectangulaire, les moyens de fixation étant prévus au centre ou à une extrémité du rectangle,
  • - ou les éléments de butée 15,16 sont constitués pour un ou plusieurs bras par les parois d'un logement dans lequel débouche l'extrémité du pivot,
According to other equivalent embodiments not shown
  • - or the arm has the shape of an isosceles triangle, corresponding to a truncated part of the rhombus and comprising in the middle of its base the means of attachment to the end of the pivot,
  • - or the arm has a rectangular shape, the fixing means being provided in the center or at one end of the rectangle,
  • - or the abutment elements 15, 16 are formed for one or more arms by the walls of a housing into which the end of the pivot opens,

En cas de rupture de la commande, l'aube pivote brusquement sous l'action des forces aérodynamiques jusqu'à ce que la ou les extrémités du bras 14 viennent en butée contre les parois du logement ou gorge 19 de l'anneau.In the event of a break in the control, the blade suddenly pivots under the action of aerodynamic forces until the end or ends of the arm 14 abut against the walls of the housing or groove 19 of the ring.

Outre les avantages consistant en la suppression du pompage de l'étage et des ruptures d'aube, le fait de limiter l'amplitude du débattement accidentel possible de l'aube, permet de limiter la longueur totale du moteur: en effet, les aubes ne pouvant plus se placer en drapeau, corde parallèle au lit du vent, on peut réduire la longueur du moteur de 5 mm par étage, d'où une réduction de masse importante.In addition to the advantages of eliminating pumping of the stage and breakage of the blade, the fact of limiting the amplitude of the possible accidental movement of the blade, makes it possible to limit the total length of the motor: in fact, the blades can no longer be placed in a flag, rope parallel to the wind bed, we can reduce the length of the motor by 5 mm per stage, resulting in a significant reduction in mass.

Claims (6)

1. Safety abutment device in a stator compounded with variable pitch vanes, each vane comprising a tip pivot and a root pivot, the tip pivot cooperating with a bearing mounted in the engine housing, being actuated by a setting device of the incidence of the vanes, the root pivot being movable in a bearing mounted in the inner ring of the engine, the safety abutment device compounded with abutment members provided in the inner ring to limit the clearance of the vane in the event of the breaking of one of the members of the setting device of the incidence of the vanes, characterised in that the abutments members (15, 16) are formed by the side walls of a circonferential notch (19) managed in the inner surface (18) of the inner ring (13) and co-operate with an arm (14) comprising attachment means (20, 25) to the root pivot (4).
2. Device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the arm (14) has a diamond shape the centre of which supports the attachment means (20,25).
3. Device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the arm (14) has the shape of an isosceles triangle the middle of the base of which supports the attachment means (20, 25).
4. Device according to Claim 2 or 3, characterised in that the means for connecting the arm (14) are constituted by a rectangular hole (20) the two opposite sides of which are curved, said hole co-operating with the end of the cylindrical root pivot (4) which has two parallel flats (17).
5. Device according to Claim 2 or 3, characterised in that the attachment means are compounded with a hexagonal locking stud (25) per- pendicularto the plane ofthe arm (14) and integral with the tatter, said stud co-operating with a hexagonal blind hole (24) provided in the shaft of the root pivot (4).
6. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that it comprises a C-shaped piece (21} attached on the inner ring (13) to close the notch (19).
EP83400695A 1982-04-08 1983-04-06 Safety abutment for the pivots of variable position stator vanes Expired EP0093631B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8206117 1982-04-08
FR8206117A FR2524934B1 (en) 1982-04-08 1982-04-08 SAFETY STOP DEVICE FOR VARIABLE SETTING STATOR BLADE PIVOT

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0093631A1 EP0093631A1 (en) 1983-11-09
EP0093631B1 true EP0093631B1 (en) 1986-01-29

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EP83400695A Expired EP0093631B1 (en) 1982-04-08 1983-04-06 Safety abutment for the pivots of variable position stator vanes

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US (1) US4514141A (en)
EP (1) EP0093631B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS58206810A (en)
DE (1) DE3361967D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2524934B1 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
DE3361967D1 (en) 1986-03-13
JPS58206810A (en) 1983-12-02
EP0093631A1 (en) 1983-11-09
US4514141A (en) 1985-04-30
FR2524934B1 (en) 1986-12-26
FR2524934A1 (en) 1983-10-14
JPH029161B2 (en) 1990-02-28

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