EP0093009B1 - Fabrication d'un élément en feuille ayant un dispositif réfléchissant prévenant sa contrefaçon - Google Patents

Fabrication d'un élément en feuille ayant un dispositif réfléchissant prévenant sa contrefaçon Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0093009B1
EP0093009B1 EP83302342A EP83302342A EP0093009B1 EP 0093009 B1 EP0093009 B1 EP 0093009B1 EP 83302342 A EP83302342 A EP 83302342A EP 83302342 A EP83302342 A EP 83302342A EP 0093009 B1 EP0093009 B1 EP 0093009B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sheet element
foil material
foil
paper
web
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP83302342A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0093009A3 (en
EP0093009B2 (fr
EP0093009A2 (fr
Inventor
Peter Denis Lee
Robert John Furley
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GAO Gesellschaft fuer Automation und Organisation mbH
Original Assignee
Governor and Co of Bank of England
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=10529975&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0093009(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Governor and Co of Bank of England filed Critical Governor and Co of Bank of England
Publication of EP0093009A2 publication Critical patent/EP0093009A2/fr
Publication of EP0093009A3 publication Critical patent/EP0093009A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0093009B1 publication Critical patent/EP0093009B1/fr
Publication of EP0093009B2 publication Critical patent/EP0093009B2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
    • B41M3/14—Security printing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G21/00—Arrangements not provided for by groups G03G13/00 - G03G19/00, e.g. cleaning, elimination of residual charge
    • G03G21/04—Preventing copies being made of an original
    • G03G21/043—Preventing copies being made of an original by using an original which is not reproducible or only reproducible with a different appearence, e.g. originals with a photochromic layer or a colour background
    • B42D2033/10—
    • B42D2033/18—
    • B42D2033/20—
    • B42D2033/28—
    • B42D2035/02—
    • B42D2035/26—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/45—Associating two or more layers
    • B42D25/455—Associating two or more layers using heat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/475—Cutting cards

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sheet element having a reflective anti-counterfeiting device and manufacture thereof, and in particular to security and other valuable documents having a security band in the form of a continuous protective pattern.
  • metallic inks or coatings on the surface of documents.
  • metallic inks are not effective in practice because they are made from metallic platelets or particles which cannot be strictly orientated with respect to a plane surface so as to produce a specular reflection over a large area.
  • a contributing factor to this is the unevenness of most paper surfaces.
  • a copy of a metallic ink printed original might therefore resemble the original too closely to be detected as a counterfeit.
  • US-A-4066 280 teaches a method of a similar kind whereby part of the material on the document is printed in an ink containing a specularly reflective colouring material, for example, powdered aluminium.
  • a specularly reflective colouring material for example, powdered aluminium.
  • US-A-4066 280 also teaches a method whereby documents are printed with two overlapping imprints, one being in conventional colouring materials and the second being made in an ink including a specularly reflective colouring material.
  • the second imprint either overlaps or is overlapped by part of the first imprint.
  • the second imprint comprises a multiplicity of fine, closely spaced marks.
  • the present invention provides a method for the manufacture of a sheet element having a reflective anti-counterfeiting device, the method comprising the steps of (a) applying a continuous band of a foil material in the form of a continuous repetitive pattern to a portion of the surface of the sheet element; and (b) printing the sheet element, so as to overprint at least a part of the foil material.
  • the reflective anti-counterfeiting device is a foil material which may be metallised or metallic.
  • the foil material is metallic, the surface thereof may be additionally coated or printed with a security tint of a particular pattern and colouration, thereby giving further difficulty to a potential counterfeiter.
  • the foil material may be applied to the surface of the sheet element by a process of hot foil stamping or by a transfer process.
  • the application is carried out with an elongate length of the foil material to constitute a plurality of the sheet elements thereby to result in a relatively convenient and inexpensive manufacturing process.
  • the foil material is very thin when compared to the thickness of the sheet element and so the thickness of the sheet element is not substantially increased over that part of its surface on which the foil material is disposed.
  • FIG. 1 shows a security document, such as a bank note 1, which has been manufactured in accordance with the present invention.
  • the bank note 1 consists of a body of a sheet material having a particular shape, in the example shown the shape is rectangular, and a particular area, as desired.
  • the sheet material may be, for example, paper.
  • the bank note 1 has a continuous band 2 of a thin-layered foil material disposed on its surface across its width at a specific position along its length.
  • the foil material is a metallic foil or a similarly reflective film.
  • the foil material is in the form of a continuous, repetitive pattern, which is preferably complicated and characteristic of the particular bank note 1 to which the foil material is applied.
  • the width of the band 2 is preferably between 0.5 centimetres and 2.5 centimetres.
  • the continuous band 2 is overprinted with at least one security tint 3.
  • the security tint 3 is of a pattern and colouration which is a characteristic part of the particular bank note 1.
  • the security tint 3 extends over both the surface of the continuous band 2 and the surface of the bank note 1 adjacent thereto.
  • the bank note 1 is printed over other portions of its surface with the normal printings which make up the remainder of the design of the bank note 1.
  • bank note 1 or other security document When the bank note 1 or other security document is to be made of paper, a known method of manufacture of paper bank notes involves the production of a reel or web of paper which may either be printed in web-form or cut into a number of sheets which are printed with a number of prints individually. Each web or sheet is then cut up into a number of individual bank notes 1 or other security documents.
  • a continuous band 4 of the foil material is applied to a reel of paper 5 before the reel is sheeted or printed.
  • the reel 5 is unwound in the direction shown by the arrow A and the web of paper 6 is fed continuously through means 7 for applying the foil material.
  • Figure 2 only shows the arrangement of the apparatus for the application of one band 4 of foil material, although it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that a number of means 7 may be employed to apply a corresponding number of bands 4.
  • the web of paper 6 is then stored on a second reel 8 ready for subsequent printing or sheeting prior to printing.
  • the foil material may be applied by the method of hot foil stamping or by a similar method such as a transfer process.
  • a plurality of stamping stations each having a respective means 7 for applying bands 4, are arranged along a line transverse to the direction of feed A of the web of paper 6.
  • the foil material is applied to the web of paper 6 along the length of the web at specific positions along the width of the web, such that after sheeting and printing of the paper a band 2 of foil material is disposed on the surface of each bank note 1 at a particular position, as is shown in Figure 1.
  • the web of paper 6 passes between two rollers 20, 22.
  • One of the rollers 20 is a die or wheel having a patterned outer cylindrical surface 24.
  • a length of suitable foil 9 which is disposed on a suitable backing material 10 is fed between the web of paper 6 and the patterned die or wheel 20.
  • the die or wheel 20 When hot foil stamping is employed, the die or wheel 20 is maintained at an elevated temperature and the pressure applied by the die or wheel 20 to the foil 9, which is reflective, is such that the foil 9 is detached from the backing material 10 and is applied to the web of paper 6 in a pattern corresponding to that on the die or wheel 20.
  • the arrangement is similar to that used for hot foil stamping but the foil material is applied to the web of paper 6 only by the pressure of the die or wheel 20 and not by the action of both heat and pressure.
  • the transfer process may be used when the foil material to be applied to the web of paper is other than metallised.
  • the metallised foil material may be at least partly coated with a lacquer.
  • the lacquer can be applied either in a single or multicoloured pattern such that simulation of the metallised foil material, by employing commercially available materials, is rendered very difficult.
  • the particular pattern and colouration of the lacquer may be arranged to be characteristic of the particular bank note 1 or other security document to which the foil material is to be applied.
  • the foil material may be another specularly reflective material.
  • the foil material may be applied to not only one but both sides of the web of paper 6.
  • two patterned dies or wheels 20 may be employed, each being associated with a respective length of the foil 9 to be applied to the web of paper 6.
  • the paper is then passed, either in that form or via a sheeter in which the paper is cut into sheets of appropriate dimensions, to a security document printer.
  • the paper is then printed with a security tint 3 in a known manner and with other desired prints, which is very convenient in operation.
  • a security tint 3 in a known manner and with other desired prints, which is very convenient in operation.
  • the present invention has been described with particular reference to the application of foil material to the surface of paper for manufacture of security documents, such as bank notes, it will be apparent that the method of the present invention may be employed to apply a continuous patterned foil to any other suitable substrate, the band being subsequently overprinted to impart a characteristic visual appearance to the combination.
  • the present invention is not limited to the manufacture of security documents, but may be employed in other fields, such as, for example, the production of printed material wherein identification of the source of the material is desirable.
  • the process may be employed in the manufacture of genuine product labels to increase the difficulty of producing counterfeit labels to be attached to counterfeit goods. Printing is to be construed herein in its broadest sense to include any other forms of reproduction.
  • the substrate to which the foil material is to be applied may be composed of, for example, plastics material.
  • the invention has particular applicability to the production of credit cards, or the like.
  • a web of plastics material 6 is passed through means 7 for applying a patterned foil band 4.
  • the band 4 is preferably applied by hot foil stamping. After the band 4 has been applied, the band 4 and that surface of the plastics material which is adjacent the band 4 is subsequently overprinted with, for example, a security tint and then the printed surface may be covered by a protective transparent plastics layer.
  • Preferred embodiments of the present invention provide security documents which are convenient and relatively inexpensive to manufacture and provide good security against counterfeiting.
  • the application of the foil material may readily be incorporated into the known methods of manufacture of paper for security documents.
  • the application process is very quick and is of a continuous nature.
  • the process also readily ensures that the foil material is applied to the correct portion of the web of substrate.
  • a suitable choice of pattern avoids the necessity to align the foil material in machine direction registration with the documents to be printed on the substrate.
  • stamping such as hot foil stamping
  • the application of the foil material to the web of substrate by stamping provides a secure bond between the substrate and the foil material. This is particularly essential in the production of bank notes where the bank notes are likely to be roughly handled in use.
  • a foil having a minimal thickness, provides that when a number of security documents, such as bank notes, are arranged together in a pile, the thickness of the pile in that part of its area which corresponds to the foil material is not substantially increased and the pile has a uniform thickness. This feature is very important for documents intended for use in automatic printing, handling and distribution apparatuses.
  • a reflective foil which is overprinted on at least part of its surface with a security tint ensures good protection against counterfeiting by, for example, photoreproduction.

Landscapes

  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
  • Finance (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Printing Methods (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (13)

1. Procédé de fabrication d'un élément en feuille (6) comportant un dispositif réfléchissant prévenant sa contrefaçon constitué par un matériau en lame (2) caractérisé par:
(a) l'application d'une bande continue (4) du matériau en lame sous la forme d'un dessin répétitif continu sur une portion de la surface de l'élément en feuille; et
(b) l'impression de l'élément en feuille de sorte à surimprimer (3) au moins une partie du matériau en lame.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1 dans lequel le matériau en lame est composé d'un matériau métallique réfléchissant.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 dans lequel le matériau en lame est composé d'un matériau réfléchissant de mamière spéculaire.
4. Procédé selon la revendication 2 ou 3 dans lequel au moins une partie de la surface du matériau en lame est colorée avant l'impression de l'élément en feuille.
5. Procédé selon la revendication 4 dans lequel avant l'impression de l'élément en feuille la cou-leur sur la surface du matériau en lame se trouve en un dessin particulier.
6. Procédé selon la revendication 4 ou 5 dans lequel au moins une partie de la surface du matériau en lame est multicolorée avant l'impression de l'élément en feuille.
7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel la bande continue de matériau en lame est appliquée sur chaque face de l'élément en feuille.
8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel la bande continue est appliquée sur l'élément en feuille en passant une longueur allongée du métallique en lame et une longueur allongée de l'élément en feuille par une paire de rouleaux (20, 22) afin que le matériau en lame soit appliqué sur l'élément en feuille.
9. Procédé selon la revendication 8 dans lequel un des rouleaux (20) est chauffé et comporte une surface cylindrique à dessin et le matériau en lame est appliqué sur l'élément en feuille en un dessin correspondant à celui sur le rouleau.
10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes comprenant en outre l'étape de division de l'élément en feuille imprimé en une pluralité d'éléments en feuille individuels (1), chacun comportant sur lui une longueur respective de matériau en feuille.
11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel chaque élément en feuille est composé de papier.
12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel chaque élément en feuille est composé de matière plastique.
13. Bande allongée de papier pour utilisation dans le procédé de la revendication 1, comportant un dessin répétitif continu de matériau en lame s'étendant sur une surface du papier et longitudinalement à bande.
EP83302342A 1982-04-27 1983-04-25 Fabrication d'un élément en feuille ayant un dispositif réfléchissant prévenant sa contrefaçon Expired - Lifetime EP0093009B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8212096 1982-04-27
GB8212096 1982-04-27

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0093009A2 EP0093009A2 (fr) 1983-11-02
EP0093009A3 EP0093009A3 (en) 1985-07-17
EP0093009B1 true EP0093009B1 (fr) 1990-07-18
EP0093009B2 EP0093009B2 (fr) 1993-11-03

Family

ID=10529975

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83302342A Expired - Lifetime EP0093009B2 (fr) 1982-04-27 1983-04-25 Fabrication d'un élément en feuille ayant un dispositif réfléchissant prévenant sa contrefaçon

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0093009B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA1211771A (fr)
DE (1) DE3381739D1 (fr)
FI (1) FI76291C (fr)
GB (1) GB2119312B (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2549977A1 (fr) * 1983-07-25 1985-02-01 Kiso Kasei Sangyo Co Ltd Films composites pour proteger des documents contre la reproduction
EP0429782A1 (fr) * 1989-12-01 1991-06-05 Landis & Gyr Technology Innovation AG Dispositif pour modifier la protection contre la falsification d'un document de valeur
EP0509916A1 (fr) * 1991-04-18 1992-10-21 Banque De France Document fiduciaire ou de sécurité présentant un graphisme imprimé et des signes de sécurité
US5665194A (en) * 1992-02-12 1997-09-09 De La Rue Holographics Limited Image enhancement
EP0741370B1 (fr) * 1995-05-05 1998-08-19 Landis & Gyr Technology Innovation AG Procédé pour appliquer un élément de sécurité sur un substrat
US6346321B1 (en) 1999-05-04 2002-02-12 Wolff Walsrode Ag Film with protective feature, a method of producing it and also its use as packaging material
US6508489B2 (en) * 1993-10-13 2003-01-21 Leonhard Kurz Gmbh & Co. Value-bearing document with window

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
MY102798A (en) * 1987-12-04 1992-10-31 Portals Ltd Security paper for bank notes and the like
GB8912750D0 (en) * 1989-06-02 1989-07-19 Portals Ltd Security paper
GB8924111D0 (en) * 1989-10-26 1989-12-13 Amblehurst Ltd Optical device
JPH03152583A (ja) * 1989-11-09 1991-06-28 Kiso Kasei Sangyo Kk 複写防止用フイルム
GB9106128D0 (en) * 1991-03-22 1991-05-08 Amblehurst Ltd Article
AUPO484797A0 (en) 1997-01-29 1997-02-20 Securency Pty Ltd Printed matter producing reflective intaglio effect
FR2856339B1 (fr) † 2003-06-23 2006-05-26 Banque De France Bande de securisation de document, et document securise
KR101110767B1 (ko) 2003-07-14 2012-02-24 플렉스 프로덕츠, 인코포레이티드 노출 및/또는 은폐 패턴층을 갖는 보안 물품과 그 제조 방법
DE10342252A1 (de) * 2003-09-11 2005-04-07 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Foliensicherheitselement
AT500915B8 (de) * 2004-07-13 2007-02-15 Oebs Gmbh Verfahren zum prüfen eines sicherheitsdokumentes
CA2598007A1 (fr) 2006-08-29 2008-02-29 Jds Uniphase Corporation Article imprime avec un revetement a effet special
DE102013002137A1 (de) 2013-02-07 2014-08-07 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Optisch variables Flächenmuster

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1095286A (en) * 1963-07-08 1967-12-13 Portals Ltd Security device for use in security papers
GB1127043A (en) * 1967-01-26 1968-09-11 Portals Ltd Security papers
US3926021A (en) * 1974-01-02 1975-12-16 Monitron Ind Electronic combination lock and system
US4066280A (en) * 1976-06-08 1978-01-03 American Bank Note Company Documents of value printed to prevent counterfeiting
US4146664A (en) * 1976-07-26 1979-03-27 Addressograph-Multigraph Corporation Secure property device
US4175776A (en) * 1978-01-05 1979-11-27 New England Mutual Life Insurance Company Counterfeit resistant document
US4277514A (en) * 1978-03-07 1981-07-07 Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. Forgery resistant document with colored areas and method for thwarting reproduction of same
US4352706A (en) * 1981-08-31 1982-10-05 Miller Lee H Process for applying a metallic image in register to a document of value

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2549977A1 (fr) * 1983-07-25 1985-02-01 Kiso Kasei Sangyo Co Ltd Films composites pour proteger des documents contre la reproduction
EP0429782A1 (fr) * 1989-12-01 1991-06-05 Landis & Gyr Technology Innovation AG Dispositif pour modifier la protection contre la falsification d'un document de valeur
US5106125A (en) * 1989-12-01 1992-04-21 Landis & Gyr Betriebs Ag Arrangement to improve forgery protection of credit documents
EP0509916A1 (fr) * 1991-04-18 1992-10-21 Banque De France Document fiduciaire ou de sécurité présentant un graphisme imprimé et des signes de sécurité
FR2675428A1 (fr) * 1991-04-18 1992-10-23 Banque De France Document fiduciaire ou de securite presentant un graphisle imprime et des signes de securite.
US5665194A (en) * 1992-02-12 1997-09-09 De La Rue Holographics Limited Image enhancement
US6508489B2 (en) * 1993-10-13 2003-01-21 Leonhard Kurz Gmbh & Co. Value-bearing document with window
EP0741370B1 (fr) * 1995-05-05 1998-08-19 Landis & Gyr Technology Innovation AG Procédé pour appliquer un élément de sécurité sur un substrat
US6346321B1 (en) 1999-05-04 2002-02-12 Wolff Walsrode Ag Film with protective feature, a method of producing it and also its use as packaging material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0093009A3 (en) 1985-07-17
CA1211771A (fr) 1986-09-23
EP0093009B2 (fr) 1993-11-03
FI831418L (fi) 1983-10-28
GB2119312A (en) 1983-11-16
FI76291B (fi) 1988-06-30
DE3381739D1 (de) 1990-08-23
FI831418A0 (fi) 1983-04-26
GB8311172D0 (en) 1983-06-02
FI76291C (fi) 1988-10-10
EP0093009A2 (fr) 1983-11-02
GB2119312B (en) 1986-01-29

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