EP0092548B1 - Composite insulator - Google Patents

Composite insulator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0092548B1
EP0092548B1 EP81903257A EP81903257A EP0092548B1 EP 0092548 B1 EP0092548 B1 EP 0092548B1 EP 81903257 A EP81903257 A EP 81903257A EP 81903257 A EP81903257 A EP 81903257A EP 0092548 B1 EP0092548 B1 EP 0092548B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
rod
glass fibers
glass
plastic
binder resin
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0092548A1 (en
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Martin Kuhl
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Ceramtec GmbH
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Ceramtec GmbH
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B17/00Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by their form
    • H01B17/32Single insulators consisting of two or more dissimilar insulating bodies
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/02Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances
    • H01B3/08Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances quartz; glass; glass wool; slag wool; vitreous enamels
    • H01B3/087Chemical composition of glass

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the use of glass fibers of a special composition in a composite insulator for high-voltage overhead lines, consisting of a glass fiber reinforced plastic rod, plastic shields arranged on the rod and fittings on the rod ends.
  • Such composite insulators, the z. B. are known from ES-OS-26 50 363, certain electrical requirements should meet.
  • the rod should be resistant to electrical breakdown.
  • the screens should be attached to the rod, which is also called a trunk, in such a way that no electrical breakdowns occur in the contact area.
  • the screens themselves should be dimensioned so thick that electrical breakdowns are avoided; They should also consist of a weather, UV and ozone resistant material that has a very high tracking resistance.
  • the glass fiber reinforced plastic rod In addition to the electrical strength, the glass fiber reinforced plastic rod must ensure considerable mechanical strength.
  • the mechanical strength results from the material composition, the type and location of the fibers and from the bond between glass fibers and plastic.
  • the object of the invention is to prevent the transverse fractures occurring in situ in composite insulators of the type described in the introduction.
  • the invention relates to a method for avoiding cross breaks in a composite insulator made of plastic for high-voltage overhead lines, the composite insulator consisting of a glass-fiber-reinforced plastic rod, the rod-encasing plastic shields and fittings at the rod ends and the glass fibers being arranged axially parallel, characterized in that glass fibers with the following composition can be used:
  • the glass fibers should expediently be processed with a thickness of 5 to 40 f.lm and in an endless length parallel to the axis of the rod.
  • a binder resin which is resistant to water attack is used as the binder resin surrounding the glass fibers. It is therefore preferable to use a binder resin that has no hydrolyzable molecules.
  • An epoxy resin of the glycidyl ether type is particularly suitable in this respect.
  • the insulator according to the invention In order to be able to manufacture the insulator according to the invention as economically as possible, it is useful moderate, use prefabricated insulating parts for the shield cover. In this way, isolators of any length can be produced; because the glass fiber reinforced plastic rod can also B. be produced in an endless drawing process. Rod surface and screens can be treated in a known manner with adhesives and - as usual - put together, for. B. by pouring, vulcanizing, gluing or the like.
  • the cause of the insulator cross breaks can be assumed to be the attack of aqueous nitric acid on boron-containing glass. If boron-containing glass is subjected to tensile stress and nitric acid at the same time, crack nuclei may form in the surface of the individual glass fibers, which spiral around the glass fiber. These crack nuclei are at least responsible for the transverse rod fracture in the laboratory. It is apparently not a chemical attack in the sense of swelling or dissolution, but rather a kind of stress corrosion cracking, which apparently does not occur with boron-free glass fibers or at higher strains or higher acid concentrations.
  • the test specimen shown in Fig. 1 consists of a glass fiber reinforced plastic rod 1 and the suspension fittings 2, to which a tensile force Z can be applied.
  • the z. B. can be a cut polyethylene bottle, which is pushed onto the rod and sealed with insulating tape.
  • FIG. 2 shows a functional relationship between tensile force Z and the breaking time of the test specimen according to FIG. 1.
  • Line 4 indicates the tensile force / time relationship (time that elapses until a rod breaks) of a glass fiber reinforced plastic rod that has no acid effect is exposed.
  • Line 5 illustrates the traction / time relationship when a 1 n HN0 3 (approximately 6.5% nitric acid) is filled into the acid reservoir 3 and glass fibers with a boron content are contained in the glass fiber reinforced plastic rod, calculated as B 2 0 3 is between 2 and 6%.
  • the break / time behavior of a glass fiber reinforced plastic rod, the glass fibers of which contain no boron is shown by line 6.
  • the diagram in FIG. 2 thus represents the break time difference between the glass fiber reinforced plastic rods of the previous composition (boron-containing glass) and those according to the invention ( boron-free glass).
  • Fig. 3 shows the composite insulator according to the invention. It consists of a glass fiber reinforced plastic rod 7, which consists of an epoxy resin of the glycidyl ether type and glass fibers from axially parallel endless fibers of the composition mentioned.
  • the insulator also consists of a shield cover made of individual prefabricated shields 8, which are pushed onto the rod and are mechanically and electrically connected to it.
  • Metallic suspension fittings 9 are also provided, which are attached to the ends of the composite insulator. This connection between rod 7 and. Armature 9 can be produced by known techniques such as wedging or pressing the rod.
  • shield cover Depending on the type of material of the shield cover, it can also be advantageous to prefabricate the shield cover and apply it in one operation.
  • Other materials for shielding sleeves can also require a complete encapsulation, pressing, extrusion or overmolding of the shielding sleeve in a one or more part form as the most economical solution.
  • silicone elastomers for the shield cover, which have already proven their worth as insulator materials.
  • ethylene-propylene-based elastomers may also be suitable as the screen material.
  • Other shielding materials such as cycloaliphatic epoxy resins or polytetrafluoroethylene can also be suitably used in the insulator according to the invention.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Insulators (AREA)
  • Insulating Bodies (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The connection insulator, made of plastic material, particularly for overhead high-voltage lines, is comprised of a plastic web (7) reinforced by glass fibers arranged in parallel to the longitudinal axis of the insulator. The fibers are made of glass, with a low content of boron or preferably free of boron. The reinforced web is surrounded with plastic insulating elements (8) and is provided with armatures (9) at its ends.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung von Glasfasern spezieller Zusammensetzung in einem Verbundisolator für Hochspannungsfreileitungen, bestehend aus einem glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoffstab, am Stab angeordneten Kunststoffschirmen und aus Armaturen an den Stabenden.The invention relates to the use of glass fibers of a special composition in a composite insulator for high-voltage overhead lines, consisting of a glass fiber reinforced plastic rod, plastic shields arranged on the rod and fittings on the rod ends.

Derartige Verbundisolatoren, die z. B. aus der ES-OS-26 50 363 bekannt sind, sollen bestimmten elektrischen Anforderungen genügen. Der Stab soll elektrisch durchschlagsfest sein. Zudem sollen die Schirme derart an dem Stab, der auch Strunk genannt wird, befestigt sein, daß im Kontaktbereich keine elektrischen Durchschläge auftreten. Die Schirme selbst sollen so dick dimensioniert sein, daß elektrische Durchschläge vermieden werden ; sie sollen außerdem aus einem witterungs-, UV- und ozonbeständigen Material bestehen, das eine sehr hohe Kriechstromfestigkeit aufweist.Such composite insulators, the z. B. are known from ES-OS-26 50 363, certain electrical requirements should meet. The rod should be resistant to electrical breakdown. In addition, the screens should be attached to the rod, which is also called a trunk, in such a way that no electrical breakdowns occur in the contact area. The screens themselves should be dimensioned so thick that electrical breakdowns are avoided; They should also consist of a weather, UV and ozone resistant material that has a very high tracking resistance.

Neben der elektrischen Festigkeit muß der glasfaserverstärke Kunststoffstab erhebliche mechanische Festigkeiten gewährleisten. Die mechanische Festigkeit ergibt sich aus der Materialzusammensetzung der Art und Lage der Fasern und aus dem Verbund zwischen Glasfasern und Kunststoff.In addition to the electrical strength, the glass fiber reinforced plastic rod must ensure considerable mechanical strength. The mechanical strength results from the material composition, the type and location of the fibers and from the bond between glass fibers and plastic.

Es ist bekannt, daß die elektrische und mechanische Festigkeit des glasfaserverstärkten Stabes eines Verbundisolators beim langzeitigen Einsatz, insbesondere in Freiluftleitungen, durch Einflüsse der Umwelt erheblich beeinträchtigt werden kann. Zur Verminderung der Einflüsse versucht man, den Stab mit den Schirmen derart zu ummanteln, daß Atmosphärilien nicht bis an den Stab dringen. Befriedigend ist dies bisher jedoch noch nicht gelungen, so daß Isolatorbrüche immer noch auftreten können.It is known that the electrical and mechanical strength of the glass-fiber-reinforced rod of a composite insulator can be considerably impaired by environmental influences during long-term use, especially in outdoor lines. To reduce the influences, one tries to cover the rod with the screens in such a way that atmospheres do not penetrate the rod. However, this has not yet been satisfactorily achieved, so that insulator breaks can still occur.

Ein anderer Vorschlag (DE-OS-26 50 363) geht davon aus. daß insbesondere der Wasserangriff aus den mit Glasfasern verstärkten Kunststoffstab für das Nachlassen der Festigkeit verantwortlich ist. Es werden deshalb Glasfasern eingesetzt, die zwar der üblichen Zusammensetzung entsprechen, die aber besonders alkaliarm sind, weil alkaliarme Gläser von Hause aus eine geringere Wasserlöslichkeit gewährleisten und das herausgelöste Alkali die Hydrolyse des Bindeharzes auslösen und beschleunigen kann. Zudem sollen die alkaliarmen Glasfasern mit einem unverseifbaren Bindeharz kombiniert werden, das gegen Wasserangriff beständig sein soll.Another proposal (DE-OS-26 50 363) assumes. that in particular the water attack from the glass fiber reinforced plastic rod is responsible for the loss of strength. Glass fibers are therefore used which correspond to the usual composition, but which are particularly low in alkali, because low-alkali glasses naturally guarantee lower water solubility and the alkali which is released can trigger and accelerate the hydrolysis of the binder resin. In addition, the low-alkali glass fibers are to be combined with an unsaponifiable binder resin, which should be resistant to water attack.

Trotz der beschriebenen Maßnahmen sind insbesondere bei Freileitungsverbundisolatoren Brüche aufgetreten, die zunächst unerklärbar waren und schon nach verhältnismäßig kurzer Betriebszeit bei relativ geringen mechanischen Belastungen auftraten. Die Bruchbilder der in Freileitungen gebrochenen Isolatoren unterscheiden sich optisch deutlich von Bruchbildern, die z. B. bei Zugversuchen im Laboratorium und auch bei langjährigen Langzeitfestigkeitsuntersuchungen in Freiluft-Prüffeldern auftreten : denn ein achsparallel mit endlosen Glasfasern verstärkter Kunststoffstab bricht unter mechanischer Belastung, indem sich das Bindeharz von den Glasfasern löst und die Glasfasern zerreißen. Dabei zersplittert der Stab in Längsrichtung. Die in situ auftretenden Brüche verlaufen dagegen nahezu senkrecht zur Stablängsachse, wobei die Bruchfläche glatt ausgebildet ist.In spite of the measures described, breaks occurred especially in the case of overhead line composite insulators, which were initially inexplicable and occurred after a relatively short operating time with relatively low mechanical loads. The fracture patterns of the insulators broken in overhead lines differ optically from fracture patterns, which, for. B. in tensile tests in the laboratory and also in long-term long-term strength tests in open-air test fields: because a plastic rod reinforced axially parallel with endless glass fibers breaks under mechanical stress by the binder resin detaching from the glass fibers and tearing the glass fibers. The rod splinters in the longitudinal direction. The fractures occurring in situ, on the other hand, run almost perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the rod, the fracture surface being smooth.

In überraschender Weise haben Versuche ergeben, daß die glatten, senkrecht zur Stablängsachse verlaufenden Brüche durch die Einwirkung von wässeriger Salpetersäure entstehen. Es ist seit langem bekannt, daß sich infolge eines elektrischen Lichtbogens bei Anwesenheit von Luft und Wasser aus dem Luftstickstoff Salpetersäure bildet. Offenbar geschieht dies auch durch eine elektrische Entladungstätigkeit auf der Isolatorschirmhülle bei Verschmutzung und Feuchtigkeit, wobei die Salpetersäure durch die Schirmhüllen hindurchdiffundiert oder über Spalten und Risse weitergeleitet wird, zum glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoffstab gelangt und dann den glatten Querbruch verursacht. Damit ist verständlich, daß die Stabquerbrüche bisher nicht bei Laborprüfungen auftraten und auch sonst in der Literatur über glasfaserverstärkte Kunststoffe unbekannt sind.Surprisingly, tests have shown that the smooth fractures running perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the rod result from the action of aqueous nitric acid. It has long been known that nitric acid forms from the atmospheric nitrogen as a result of an electric arc in the presence of air and water. Apparently, this also happens due to an electrical discharge activity on the insulator shield cover in the event of contamination and moisture, the nitric acid diffusing through the shield cover or being passed on through cracks and gaps, reaching the glass fiber-reinforced plastic rod and then causing the smooth transverse break. It is therefore understandable that the cross-bar fractures have not previously occurred in laboratory tests and are otherwise unknown in the literature on glass fiber reinforced plastics.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist, bei Verbundisolatoren der eingangs beschriebenen Art die in situ auftretenden Querbrüche zu verhindern.The object of the invention is to prevent the transverse fractures occurring in situ in composite insulators of the type described in the introduction.

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Vermeidung von Querbrüchen in einem Verbundisolator aus Kunststoff für Hochspannungsfreileitungen, wobei der Verbundisolator aus einem glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoffstab, den Stab umhüllenden Kunststoffschirmen und Armaturen an den Stabenden besteht und die Glasfasern achsparallel angeordnet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Glasfasern mit der folgenden Zusammensetzung verwendet werden :

Figure imgb0001
The invention relates to a method for avoiding cross breaks in a composite insulator made of plastic for high-voltage overhead lines, the composite insulator consisting of a glass-fiber-reinforced plastic rod, the rod-encasing plastic shields and fittings at the rod ends and the glass fibers being arranged axially parallel, characterized in that glass fibers with the following composition can be used:
Figure imgb0001

Die Glasfasern sollten zweckmäßigerweise mit einer Dicke von 5 bis 40 f.Lm und in einer endlosen Länge achsparallel zur Stabachse verarbeitet werden.The glass fibers should expediently be processed with a thickness of 5 to 40 f.lm and in an endless length parallel to the axis of the rod.

Als weitere erfindungsgemäße Kombination ist zur Erhöhung der elektrischen Durchschlagsfestigkeit des Stabes vorgesehen, daß als die Glasfasern umgebendes Bindeharz ein Bindeharz verwendet wird, das gegen Wasserangriff beständig ist. Vorzugsweise wird daher ein Bindeharz eingesetzt, das keine hydrolisierbaren Moleküle aufweist. Besonders geeignet ist insofern ein Epoxidharz des Glycidyläthenyps.As a further combination according to the invention, in order to increase the dielectric strength of the rod, it is provided that a binder resin which is resistant to water attack is used as the binder resin surrounding the glass fibers. It is therefore preferable to use a binder resin that has no hydrolyzable molecules. An epoxy resin of the glycidyl ether type is particularly suitable in this respect.

Um den Isolator nach der Erfindung möglichst wirtschaftlich herstellen zu können, ist es zweckmäßig, für die Schirmhülle vorgefertigte Isolierteile zu benutzen. Auf diese Weise können beliebig lange Isolatoren hergestellt werden ; denn auch der glasfaserverstärkte Kunststoffstab kann z. B. in einem Endlos-Ziehverfahren hergestellt werden. Staboberfläche und Schirme können in bekannter Weise mit Haftmitteln behandelt und - wie üblich - zusammengefügt werden, z. B. durch Angießen, Anvulkanisieren, Ankleben oder dergleichen.In order to be able to manufacture the insulator according to the invention as economically as possible, it is useful moderate, use prefabricated insulating parts for the shield cover. In this way, isolators of any length can be produced; because the glass fiber reinforced plastic rod can also B. be produced in an endless drawing process. Rod surface and screens can be treated in a known manner with adhesives and - as usual - put together, for. B. by pouring, vulcanizing, gluing or the like.

Dabei spielen die auftretenden radialen Verbindungsfugen zwischen den Schirmteilen keine dominante Rolle mehr, da der glasfaserverstärkte Kunststoffstab resistent gegen Salpetersäure sowie gegen Wasser ist.The radial connection joints between the shield parts no longer play a dominant role, since the glass fiber reinforced plastic rod is resistant to nitric acid and water.

Bei Kenntnis des beschriebenen, vor der Erfindung bekannten Sachverhalts könnten sich allenfalls ohne weiteres zwei denkbare Lösungswege des Problems ergeben. Zum einen könnte man versuchen zu verhindern, daß die wässerige Salpetersäure an den Kunststoffstab gelangt. Diese Möglichkeit erscheint derzeit nicht praktikabel, weil die Salpetersäure durch Kunststoff diffundiert und langfristig nicht gewährleistet werden kann, daß in der Schirmhülle oder zwischen Schirmhülle und den Armaturen keine Spalten auftreten. Zum anderen läge der Lösungsweg nahe, für den Isolatorstab Stoffe auszuwählen, die Salpetersäurefest sind.With knowledge of the described facts known before the invention, two conceivable possible solutions to the problem could arise at best. On the one hand, one could try to prevent the aqueous nitric acid from reaching the plastic rod. This option currently does not appear to be practical because the nitric acid diffuses through plastic and it cannot be guaranteed in the long term that there will be no gaps in the shield cover or between the shield cover and the fittings. On the other hand, the solution would be obvious to select substances for the insulator rod that are resistant to nitric acid.

Dieser Weg ist im Rahmen der Erfindung zunächst auch eingeschlagen worden. Versuche, bei denen Stabmaterial handelsüblicher Verbundisolatoren in Salpetersäure gelagert wurde, ergaben jedoch, daß weder die Glasfasern noch der Kunststoff des Stabmaterials durch wässerige Salpetersäure angegriffen werden, so daß man erwarten mußte, daß eine Stoffauswahl zu keiner Lösung führt. Es ist daher in hohem Maße überraschend, daß dennoch der Austausch des normalerweise verwendeten Glasfasertyps gegen die erfindungsgemäßen Glasfasern die Querbruchgefahr beseitigt. Woraus dieses Phänomen resultiert, ist bisher nicht bekannt geworden.This path was initially taken in the context of the invention. Experiments in which rod material of commercially available composite insulators were stored in nitric acid showed, however, that neither the glass fibers nor the plastic of the rod material were attacked by aqueous nitric acid, so that one had to expect that a selection of substances would lead to no solution. It is therefore highly surprising that the replacement of the type of glass fiber normally used with the glass fibers according to the invention eliminates the risk of transverse breakage. What this phenomenon results from has so far not been known.

Als Ursache der Isolatorquerbrüche kann der Angriff von wässriger Salpetersäure auf borhaltiges Glas angenommen werden. Setzt man borhaltiges Glas gleichzeitig einer Zugspannung und Salpetersäure aus, dann bilden sich möglicherweise in der Oberfläche der einzelnen Glasfasern Rißkeime aus, die spiralig um die Glasfaser herum laufen. Diese Rißkeime sind zumindest für den Stabquerbruch im Labor verantwortlich. Es handelt sich offenbar nicht um einen chemischen Angriff im Sinne einer Quellung oder Auflösung, sondern eher um eine Art Spannungsrißkorrosion, die offenbar bei borfreien Glasfasern nicht oder bei höheren Dehnungen oder höheren Säurekonzentrationen auftritt.The cause of the insulator cross breaks can be assumed to be the attack of aqueous nitric acid on boron-containing glass. If boron-containing glass is subjected to tensile stress and nitric acid at the same time, crack nuclei may form in the surface of the individual glass fibers, which spiral around the glass fiber. These crack nuclei are at least responsible for the transverse rod fracture in the laboratory. It is apparently not a chemical attack in the sense of swelling or dissolution, but rather a kind of stress corrosion cracking, which apparently does not occur with boron-free glass fibers or at higher strains or higher acid concentrations.

Bekannt ist zwar, daß bor- und borverbindungenfreie, alkaliarme Glasfasern mechanisch beanspruchte Kunststoffverbundisolierteile für Schwefelhexafluorid-Gas enthaltende Hochspannungs-Schaltanlagen ausreichend beständig machen (EP-A-0 028 281). Die Kenntnis dieser bekannten Wirkung der Glasfasern aus einem sogenannten R-Glas ist jedoch nicht ohne weiteres auf die Lösung der erfindungsgemäßen Aufgabe übertragbar, weil die Zersetzungsprodukte des SF6 im Einsatzgebiet der Freiluftverbundisolatoren nicht auftreten, so daß insoweit kein Zusammenhang gegeben ist.It is known that boron and boron compounds-free, low-alkali glass fibers make mechanically stressed plastic composite insulation parts for high-voltage switchgear containing sulfur hexafluoride gas sufficiently resistant (EP-A-0 028 281). However, knowledge of this known effect of the glass fibers from a so-called R glass is not readily transferable to the solution of the problem according to the invention because the decomposition products of the SF 6 do not occur in the field of outdoor composite insulators, so that there is no connection to this extent.

Die erfindungsgemäße Auswahl der erfindungsgemäßen Glasfasern lag auch deshalb nicht nahe, weil Fasern aus borhaltigen Gläsern, sogenannten E-Gläsern, wegen ihrer sehr guten elektrischen Widerstandsfähigkeit üblicherweise für elektrotechnische Bauteile verwendet werden und E-Glas durch wässerige Salpetersäure nicht angegriffen wird, so daß ein Austausch gegen andere Glasfasern vernünftigerweise nicht ohne weiteres in Betracht kommen kann. Zur Lösung der erfindungsgemäßen Aufgabe mußte diese Hemmschwelle überwunden werden, wobei die erfindungsgemäße Auswahl durch keine Anregung nahegelegt war.The selection of the glass fibers according to the invention was also not obvious because fibers made of boron-containing glasses, so-called E-glasses, are usually used for electrical engineering components because of their very good electrical resistance and E-glass is not attacked by aqueous nitric acid, so that an exchange against other glass fibers cannot reasonably be considered. In order to achieve the object according to the invention, this inhibition threshold had to be overcome, the selection according to the invention not being suggested by any suggestion.

Anhand der Zeichnung soll im folgenden die Erfindung näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen :

  • Figur 1 schematisch die Versuchsanordnung zur Prüfung der Querbruchfestigkeit,
  • Figur 2 ein Diagramm eines Prüfergebnisses,
  • Figur 3 einen Isolator gemäß der Erfindung.
The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. Show it :
  • FIG. 1 schematically, the test arrangement for testing the transverse breaking strength,
  • FIG. 2 shows a diagram of a test result,
  • Figure 3 shows an isolator according to the invention.

Der in Fig. 1 dargestellte Prüfling besteht aus einem glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoffstab 1 und den Aufhängearmaturen 2, an die eine Zugkraft Z angelegt werden kann. Auf der freien Länge des Stabes befindet sich ein Säurereservoir 3, das z. B. eine aufgeschnittene Polyäthylenflasche sein kann, die auf den Stab aufgeschoben und mit Isolierband abgedichtet ist.The test specimen shown in Fig. 1 consists of a glass fiber reinforced plastic rod 1 and the suspension fittings 2, to which a tensile force Z can be applied. On the free length of the rod is an acid reservoir 3, the z. B. can be a cut polyethylene bottle, which is pushed onto the rod and sealed with insulating tape.

Fig. 2 stellt einen funktionellen Zusammenhang zwischen Zugkraft Z und der Bruchzeit des Prüflings nach Fig. 1 dar. Die Linie 4 gibt den Zugkraft/Zeit-Zusammenhang (Zeit, die bis zum Bruch eines Stabes vergeht) eines glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoffstabes an, der keiner Säureeinwirkung ausgesetzt ist. Die Linie 5 verdeutlicht den Zugkraft/Zeit-Zusammenhang, wenn in das Säurereservoir 3 eine 1 n HN03 (Salpetersäure ca. 6,5 %-ig) eingefüllt wird und Glasfasern mit einem Borgehalt im glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoffstab enthalten sind, der berechnet als B203 zwischen 2 und 6 % liegt. Das Bruch/Zeit-Verhalten eines glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoffstabes, dessen Glasfasern kein Bor enthalten, zeigt die Linie 6. Das Diagramm in Fig. 2 stellt somit den Bruchzeitunterschied dar, der zwischen den glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoffstäben bisheriger Zusammensetzung (borhaltiges Glas) und denjenigen nach der Erfindung (borfreies Glas) besteht.FIG. 2 shows a functional relationship between tensile force Z and the breaking time of the test specimen according to FIG. 1. Line 4 indicates the tensile force / time relationship (time that elapses until a rod breaks) of a glass fiber reinforced plastic rod that has no acid effect is exposed. Line 5 illustrates the traction / time relationship when a 1 n HN0 3 (approximately 6.5% nitric acid) is filled into the acid reservoir 3 and glass fibers with a boron content are contained in the glass fiber reinforced plastic rod, calculated as B 2 0 3 is between 2 and 6%. The break / time behavior of a glass fiber reinforced plastic rod, the glass fibers of which contain no boron, is shown by line 6. The diagram in FIG. 2 thus represents the break time difference between the glass fiber reinforced plastic rods of the previous composition (boron-containing glass) and those according to the invention ( boron-free glass).

Die Verwendung von borhaltigem Glas in der Elektrotechnik und insbesondere auch in Form von Fasern in glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoffstäben bei Verbundisolatoren ist üblich (vgl. DE-OS-2746870, Seite 10). In der Elektrotechnik wird das sogenannte «E-GIas• verwendet, wobei « E für « Elektro » steht. Alle handelsüblichen Glasfasern, die unter der Bezeichnung « E-Glas » erhältlich sind, enthalten Bor in unterschiedlicher Menge. Deshalb kann sich für die Linie 5 in Fig. 2 ein gewisses Streuband ergeben, das auch auf unterschiedliche Borgehalte der E-Gläser zurückgeführt werden kann. Im Vergleich zum Verhalten von Stäben nach der Erfindung (Fig. 2, Linie 6) ist dieses Streuband jedoch unbedeutend.The use of boron-containing glass in electrical engineering and in particular also in the form of fibers in glass fiber reinforced plastic rods in composite insulators is common (cf. DE-OS-2746870, page 10). The so-called «E-GIas • is used in electrical engineering, where« E stands for «electrical». All commercially available glass fibers, which are available under the name «E-Glas», contain boron in different quantities. Therefore, line 5 in FIG result in a certain scatter band, which can also be attributed to different boron contents of the e-glasses. In comparison to the behavior of bars according to the invention (Fig. 2, line 6), this scatter band is insignificant.

Fig. 3 stellt den Verbundisolator gemäß Erfindung dar. Er besteht aus einem glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoffstab 7, der aus einem Epoxidharz des Glycidyläthertyps und Glasfasern aus achsparallel angeordneten endlosen Fasern des genannten Zusammensetzung. Der Isolator besteht außerdem aus einer Schirmhülle aus einzelnen vorgefertigten Schirmen 8, die auf den Stab aufgeschoben und mit ihm mechanisch und elektrisch fest verbunden sind. Ferner sind metallische Aufhängearmaturen 9 vorgesehen, die an den Enden des Verbundisolators befestigt sind. Diese Verbindung zwischen Stab 7 und. Armatur 9 kann nach bekannten Techniken wie Aufkeilen oder Umpressen des Stabes hergestellt werden.Fig. 3 shows the composite insulator according to the invention. It consists of a glass fiber reinforced plastic rod 7, which consists of an epoxy resin of the glycidyl ether type and glass fibers from axially parallel endless fibers of the composition mentioned. The insulator also consists of a shield cover made of individual prefabricated shields 8, which are pushed onto the rod and are mechanically and electrically connected to it. Metallic suspension fittings 9 are also provided, which are attached to the ends of the composite insulator. This connection between rod 7 and. Armature 9 can be produced by known techniques such as wedging or pressing the rod.

Je nach Art des Materials der Schirmhülle kann es jedoch auch vorteilhaft sein, die Schirmhülle vorzufertigen und in einem Arbeitsgang aufzubringen. Andere Werkstoffe für Schirmhüllen können auch ein komplettes Umgießen, Umpressen, Extrudieren oder Umspritzen der Schirmhülle in einer ein- oder mehrteiligen Form als wirtschaftlichste Lösung erfordern.Depending on the type of material of the shield cover, it can also be advantageous to prefabricate the shield cover and apply it in one operation. Other materials for shielding sleeves can also require a complete encapsulation, pressing, extrusion or overmolding of the shielding sleeve in a one or more part form as the most economical solution.

Vorteilhaft setzt man für die Schirmhülle Silikonelastomere ein, die sich als Isolatorwerkstoffe schon gut bewährt haben. Silkonelastomere verschiedener Konsistenz mit entsprechend dem Anwendungszweck eingearbeiteten Füllstoffen wie z. B. Quarzmehl oder Aluminiumoxid-Hydrat, der chemischen Struktur entsprechenden Pigmenten und Vernetzern lassen sich leicht verarbeiten. Für bestimmte Anwendungszwecke können als Schirmwerkstoff auch Elastomere der Basis Äthylen-Propylen geeignet sein. Andere Schirmwerkstoffe wie cycloaliphatische Epoxidharze oder Polytetrafluoräthylen können ebenfalls beim Isolator nach der Erfindung zweckmäßig Anwendung finden.It is advantageous to use silicone elastomers for the shield cover, which have already proven their worth as insulator materials. Silicone elastomers of various consistencies with fillers incorporated in accordance with the application, such as. B. quartz powder or aluminum oxide hydrate, the chemical structure corresponding pigments and crosslinkers can be easily processed. For certain applications, ethylene-propylene-based elastomers may also be suitable as the screen material. Other shielding materials such as cycloaliphatic epoxy resins or polytetrafluoroethylene can also be suitably used in the insulator according to the invention.

Claims (5)

1. Process for avoiding transverse fractures in a composite insulator from plastic, in particular for outdoor high voltage lines, the composite insulator consisting of a glass fiber reinforced plastic rod (7), plastic sheds (8) surrounding this rod and fittings (9) at the rod ends, wherein the glass fibers are arranged parallel to the axis, which process is a characterized in that glass fibers are used which have a chemical composition
Figure imgb0003
2. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that endless glass fibers having a thickness of 5 to 40 J.Lm are used.
3. Process according to claim 1 and/or 2, characterized in that the binder resin surrounding the glass fibers is a binder resin resistant against attack by water.
4. Process according to claim 3, characterized in that the binder resin contains no molecules which are hydrolyzable.
5. Process according to claim 3 and/or 4, characterized in that the binder resin is an epoxide resin of the glycidyl ether type.
EP81903257A 1981-11-04 1981-11-04 Composite insulator Expired EP0092548B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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AT81903257T ATE16326T1 (en) 1981-11-04 1981-11-04 COMPOSITE INSULATOR.

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PCT/EP1981/000175 WO1983001707A1 (en) 1981-11-04 1981-11-04 Connection insulator

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EP0092548A1 EP0092548A1 (en) 1983-11-02
EP0092548B1 true EP0092548B1 (en) 1985-10-30

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CN104992800A (en) * 2015-06-18 2015-10-21 西安高强绝缘电气有限责任公司 Manufacturing method of multi-core combined-type composite insulator core rod

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5986216A (en) * 1997-12-05 1999-11-16 Hubbell Incorporated Reinforced insulator
CN100452248C (en) * 2006-02-28 2009-01-14 陕西泰普瑞电工绝缘技术有限公司 Non-mold release agent composite insulator core rod
AT507991B1 (en) * 2009-03-06 2012-01-15 Kuvag Kunststoffverarbeitungs Ges M B H CREDITS ISOLATOR

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DE2650363C2 (en) * 1976-11-03 1985-10-10 Rosenthal Technik Ag, 8672 Selb Composite insulator for high voltage open air applications
CH640973A5 (en) * 1978-06-02 1984-01-31 Micafil Ag Method for producing an insulating rod, which is resistant to tension, compression and torsion and has attachment fittings, and a device for carrying out the method
CH640664A5 (en) * 1979-11-05 1984-01-13 Sprecher & Schuh Ag MECHANICAL STRENGTHENED GLASS FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC INSULATING PART.

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104992800A (en) * 2015-06-18 2015-10-21 西安高强绝缘电气有限责任公司 Manufacturing method of multi-core combined-type composite insulator core rod

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CA1212436A (en) 1986-10-07
WO1983001707A1 (en) 1983-05-11
JPS58501528A (en) 1983-09-08
ZA828103B (en) 1984-02-29
JPH0145684B2 (en) 1989-10-04
EP0092548A1 (en) 1983-11-02
DE3172780D1 (en) 1985-12-05

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