EP0084921A1 - Pieux - Google Patents

Pieux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0084921A1
EP0084921A1 EP83300003A EP83300003A EP0084921A1 EP 0084921 A1 EP0084921 A1 EP 0084921A1 EP 83300003 A EP83300003 A EP 83300003A EP 83300003 A EP83300003 A EP 83300003A EP 0084921 A1 EP0084921 A1 EP 0084921A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mandrel
pile
cementitious mixture
ground
shoe
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP83300003A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0084921B1 (fr
Inventor
Wilfred George Kenneth Fleming
Ziemowit Jan Sliwinski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CEMENTATION FRANKIPILE Ltd
Original Assignee
CEMENTATION FRANKIPILE Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CEMENTATION FRANKIPILE Ltd filed Critical CEMENTATION FRANKIPILE Ltd
Priority to AT83300003T priority Critical patent/ATE16296T1/de
Publication of EP0084921A1 publication Critical patent/EP0084921A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0084921B1 publication Critical patent/EP0084921B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
    • E02D5/38—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to piles, and more particularly is concerned with piles which are of the driven cast-in-place type.
  • Interpile a tubular, perforated mandrel carrying at its lower end a detachable pile shoe is driven into the ground.
  • the dimensions of the pile shoe exceed those of the mandrel so that there is an annular gap between the outer surface of the mandrel and the earth wall[s] created by the driving of the pile shoe.
  • a fluid concrete mix is poured into a hopper which surrounds the mandrel as the mandrel is driven into the ground.
  • the gravity-fed concrete flows downwards, moving with the pile-shoe, and enters the interior of the mandrel via a large number of holes. Once the pile shoe and mandrel have reached the desired depth, they are left in place and the concrete is allowed to set.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method of forming piles which makes it possible to reduce the time required to form a pile, to reduce the mass of the machinery involved in producing the pile, and to reduce the possibility of the pile necking.
  • a method of forming a pile in the ground which comprises:
  • the mandrel is smaller in size than the pile and is surrounded by unset [i.e. fluid] cementitious material, the forces required to extract it at completion of driving a pile are small compared with the pulling forces which are required in conventional cast-in-place driven piling systems to withdraw the temporary casings which have been driven tightly into the soil.
  • One or more holes are provided at or close to the base of the mandrel, generally just above the pile shoe.
  • a cementitious mixture under pressure is supplied to the interior of the mandrel and passes downwardly under pressure to the hole[s] at the base of the mandrel and thence into the hole around he mandrel.
  • the supply of cementitious mixture in this way ensures that the hole around the mandrel is filled with fluid cementitious mixture as the hole is being generated.
  • the supply of concrete under pressure to the base of the mandrel also means that it enters the pile section just above the shoe position, and accordingly the frictional forces which in conventional piles oppose the downward flow of concrete into the pile do not occur.
  • an open ended concrete reservoir which may be constructed, for example, of steel, is provided at the ground surface and is arranged so that the mandrel passes therethrough as the pile is being formed. If desired, the concrete reservoir can be closed at its upper surface to function as a pressure box.
  • the mandrel can be of square, circular or any other desired cross-section.
  • the mandrel may be solid or tubular and conveniently is formed of steel or other high-strength material.
  • the mandrel may be formed by the co-operation of a plurality of unit lengths joined together, e.g. with flush joints.
  • the driving of the mandrel can be effected through a driving hammer which can be diesel- or hydraulically- driven or can be gravity-acting.
  • this can include a gland which, in use abuts the mandrel, and an air release valve. Downward pressure may be applied to maintain the position of the pressure box, e.g. through the weight of the driving rig for the mandrel.
  • the pile shoe also known as a driving shoe
  • the pile shoe may be flat or pointed at its driving end, and may be formed of steel or concrete.
  • the driving shoe may be circular, square or any other shape as viewed in a plane perpendicular to the direction of driving.
  • an extension sleeve may be attached to the upper end of the driving shoe to prevent displacement of soil around the driving shoe into the intended pile section.
  • the driving of the mandrel into the ground and the supply of cementitious material [e.g. concrete] to form the pile are concurrent. Also, the need for a temporary casing or tube is obviated so that the high extraction forces normally involved with driven cast-in-place piles are avoided. This means in turn that the pile driving machine or rig can be of simpler construction since its mast need not withstand the normally large forces involved in extracting the casing.
  • a prior art arrangement involves a tubular mandrel 1 equipped at its lower end with a pile shoe 2.
  • a fluid concrete mix is supplied under gravity to a hopper 3 located at the ground surface.
  • the fluid concrete mix 4 also travels downwardly in the direction of arrow 5.
  • frictional forces indicated by arrows 6 these forces oppose the downward flow of concrete, so that the longer and narrower the pile becomes then the less will be the vertical concrete pressure towards the base of the pile.
  • the concrete lateral pressure will also reduce in proportion, and the pile may neck.
  • a concrete pile is formed by a method in accordance with this invention using a tubular mandrel 30 of unitary construction and formed of high-strength steel.
  • the mandrel carries at its lower end a steel driving shoe 11 which, like the mandrel 30, is circular in cross-section.
  • the driving shoe 11 has a flat base 12. As can be seen from the drawing, the dimensions of the driving shoe exceed those of the mandrel 30 so that an annular space is formed around the mandrel as the assembly is driven downwardly into the ground.
  • the upper end of mandrel 30 is closed by a pressure-resisting plate 31.
  • an aperture 32 in the side wall of the mandrel which aperture carries a shock-absorbing pipe connection 33 which receives a pipe for the supply of a fluid concrete mix under pressure.
  • One or more holes 34 are provided in the lower part of the mandrel 30 adjacent to driving shoe 11.
  • a reservior 35 the walls of which are formed of steel is positioned at ground surface level.
  • a tubular extension 36 extends downwardly from the concrete reservoir for a few feet into the hole which is formed as the mandrel 30 is driven into the ground.
  • the driving rig for the mandrel [not shown] carries a hydraulic mechanism for driving hammer 20.
  • concrete is supplied under pressure through pipe connection 33 and passes downwardly through mandrel 30 to aperture 34.
  • the supply of concrete occurs simultaneously with the driving of the mandrel 30 downwards by action of driving hammer 20.
  • the concrete is at a pressure sufficient to maintain the column of fluid concrete at a positive pressure relative to the earth wall 21.
  • the reservoir 35 is of a height sufficient to support the head of concrete which is generated owing to the pressurised concrete supply. Because in this embodiment the concrete is supplied under pressure to the mandrel and enters the pile section just above the driving shoe 11, the frictional forces shown at 6 in Figure 1 which normally oppose the downward flow of concrete into a pile do not apply.
  • the direction of motion of concrete within the pile can be the reverse of that encountered with conventional gravity feed systems: in these circumstances, the wall friction is also reversed and the pressure of concrete at the base of the pile is enhanced during the driving of the pile. Also, the "hang-up" effect is of no consequence because concrete is always supplied at the right place to fill up the void created by downward motion of the pile shoe. If very high concrete supply pressures are used, the reservoir 35 may be modified so as to resemble a pressure box.
  • the mandrel 30 Once the mandrel 30 has reached the desired pile depth, it is withdrawn leaving the pile shoe in place. The driving rig is then removed and the concrete mixture is left to set. During removal of the mandrel, the concrete mixture can be maintained under positive pressure so as to ensure that the mixture moves into the void created as the mandrel is lifted ; in this way the concrete mixture is caused to permeate the whole volume of the pile.
  • Construction of piles in accordance with the present invention is especially advantageous in soft clays, water-bearing soils and other poor ground.
  • pore water pressures can be high and soil shear strength low during the driving of piles.
  • gravity-fed systems which do not use a temporary casing, these conditions are particularly favourable for soil to re-enter the pile section and to displace any fluid concrete which is still present.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the pile can be round, square, elongate or any other desired shape.
  • the mandrel may be twinned.
  • the continuity and general cross-sectional area of the pile can be tested if desired; in this way the concrete pressure used in the construction of subsequent piles can be adjusted to give the desired structure of full cross-sectional area.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
EP83300003A 1982-01-22 1983-01-04 Pieux Expired EP0084921B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83300003T ATE16296T1 (de) 1982-01-22 1983-01-04 Pfaehle.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB08201845A GB2113748B (en) 1982-01-22 1982-01-22 Piles
GB8201845 1982-01-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0084921A1 true EP0084921A1 (fr) 1983-08-03
EP0084921B1 EP0084921B1 (fr) 1985-10-30

Family

ID=10527817

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83300003A Expired EP0084921B1 (fr) 1982-01-22 1983-01-04 Pieux

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0084921B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE16296T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3361079D1 (fr)
GB (2) GB2113748B (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6773208B2 (en) 2002-12-17 2004-08-10 Dewitt Wayne Method for casting a partially reinforced concrete pile in the ground
NL1029126C2 (nl) * 2005-05-25 2006-11-28 Betonson B V Heipaal voorzien van wapeningsband.
NL1031876C2 (nl) * 2005-05-25 2007-01-04 Betonson B V Heipaal voorzien van wapeningsband.
US7726913B1 (en) 2007-08-15 2010-06-01 David Sjogren Method and apparatus for forming in ground piles

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109868815B (zh) * 2019-03-26 2024-02-02 中国石油大学(北京) 一种鞋式可海底自弃式自升式钻井平台桩靴和钻井平台
CN113605378A (zh) * 2021-08-13 2021-11-05 杭州通达集团有限公司 一种非拔除式半套管护壁钻孔灌注桩的施工方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3638433A (en) * 1969-03-28 1972-02-01 James L Sherard Method and apparatus for forming structures in the ground
US3851485A (en) * 1972-04-14 1974-12-03 J Steding Method and apparatus for installing concrete piles
US3925998A (en) * 1974-07-22 1975-12-16 Interpile Usa Inc Method for forming cast-in-place caseless concrete piles
US4152089A (en) * 1977-07-07 1979-05-01 Stannard George E Method and apparatus for forming a cast-in-place support column
GB1603425A (en) * 1978-05-30 1981-11-25 Bicc Ltd Piles

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1634470A1 (de) * 1965-11-04 1970-10-29 Mueller Ludwig Gruendungspfahl

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3638433A (en) * 1969-03-28 1972-02-01 James L Sherard Method and apparatus for forming structures in the ground
US3851485A (en) * 1972-04-14 1974-12-03 J Steding Method and apparatus for installing concrete piles
US3925998A (en) * 1974-07-22 1975-12-16 Interpile Usa Inc Method for forming cast-in-place caseless concrete piles
US4152089A (en) * 1977-07-07 1979-05-01 Stannard George E Method and apparatus for forming a cast-in-place support column
GB1603425A (en) * 1978-05-30 1981-11-25 Bicc Ltd Piles

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6773208B2 (en) 2002-12-17 2004-08-10 Dewitt Wayne Method for casting a partially reinforced concrete pile in the ground
NL1029126C2 (nl) * 2005-05-25 2006-11-28 Betonson B V Heipaal voorzien van wapeningsband.
NL1031876C2 (nl) * 2005-05-25 2007-01-04 Betonson B V Heipaal voorzien van wapeningsband.
US7726913B1 (en) 2007-08-15 2010-06-01 David Sjogren Method and apparatus for forming in ground piles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE16296T1 (de) 1985-11-15
GB2117432A (en) 1983-10-12
GB2113748B (en) 1985-07-10
GB8300058D0 (en) 1983-02-09
GB2113748A (en) 1983-08-10
DE3361079D1 (en) 1985-12-05
EP0084921B1 (fr) 1985-10-30

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