EP0084779A1 - Sheet piles, and bulk heads composed of such sheet piles - Google Patents

Sheet piles, and bulk heads composed of such sheet piles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0084779A1
EP0084779A1 EP83100092A EP83100092A EP0084779A1 EP 0084779 A1 EP0084779 A1 EP 0084779A1 EP 83100092 A EP83100092 A EP 83100092A EP 83100092 A EP83100092 A EP 83100092A EP 0084779 A1 EP0084779 A1 EP 0084779A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sheet pile
sheet
flange
piles
sheet piles
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Granted
Application number
EP83100092A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0084779B1 (en
Inventor
Dietrich Willuhn
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Kloeckner Werke AG
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Kloeckner Werke AG
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/02—Sheet piles or sheet pile bulkheads
    • E02D5/03—Prefabricated parts, e.g. composite sheet piles
    • E02D5/04—Prefabricated parts, e.g. composite sheet piles made of steel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to sheet piles, which consist of a square hollow profile, which is provided over its entire length with at least one flange which is an extension of an outside of the hollow profile and carries a hook-shaped approach, which abuts the adjacent sheet pile.
  • Sheet piles are known, which consist of a closed square hollow profile, which is provided over its entire length with at least one flange which is an extension of an outside of the hollow profile and carries a hook-shaped approach, which bears against the adjacent sheet pile in such a way (DE-PS 460 611) that it engages a comparable hook of the adjacent sheet pile and forms a kind of sheet pile lock with it.
  • Sheet piles composed of sheet piles of this type have the disadvantage that closed sheet piles alternate with chambers which do not form one-piece hollow bodies and which also require the exact interaction of four pairs of hooks, which leads to considerable costs and problems for the manufacture and assembly and also a requires high accuracy in both processes.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a significant improvement in sheet piling for deep ports where the sheet pile is able to absorb large forces and to achieve a secure bond between the sheet piles with simple means.
  • the invention achieves this object in that the flange of the sheet pile is p undwandbohle extends along an outer side of the adjacent S and this flange associated hooks on the inner side facing away from the sheet pile at least partially comprises the adjacent sheet pile.
  • the sheet piling according to the invention enables the sheet piling to be formed from a closed hollow profile sequence and therefore has considerable strength.
  • the sheet pile with the hook-shaped lugs is easy to manufacture and has great robustness, which has a positive effect both during installation and in the sheet pile that is already in place. Ramming the sheet piles is also relatively easy due to the robustness of the hollow sections.
  • sheet piles consisting of rectangular, one-piece hollow sections are used to build up a sheet pile.
  • the hollow profiles are followed by flanges 2, at the end of which the hooks 3 are provided.
  • the hook 3 consists of a vertical bend of the flange 2
  • the hook-shaped extension consists of two parts, of which the part 3 ′ is offset vertically inwards and the part 3 ′′ in parallel to flange 2 are provided.
  • the sheet pile consists of sheet piles 1b with an angled flange 2 of square and sheet piles 1a of parallelogram cross section.
  • the sheet piles 1a of parallelogram cross section are used in the angled areas of the sheet pile.
  • the course of the flanges 2 and hook 3 is shown schematically. Gaps are provided between the sheet piles 1,1a for reasons of clarity.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a sheet pile wall corresponding to FIG. 3.
  • only square sheet piles 1 are used for the construction, trapezoidal sheet piles 1c being used at the bends.
  • the inclination of the non-parallel side pairs of the sheet piles 1c to one another determines the relative inclination of the sheet pile parts to one another.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)

Abstract

1. An interfitting wall element having the cross sectional configuration of a closed, rectangular hollow box section, provided with a flange (2) forming an extension of one side wall of the hollow section and carrying at its end a hook-like extension (3) which engages with an adjacent wall element of identical construction, characterised in that the flange (2) of the wall element (1) extends along that side wall of the adjacent element (1) which is opposite the side wall of the adjacent hollow section carrying the flange (2) and in that the hook (3) on the flange (2) of the first element (1) at least partially embraces the hollow section of the adjacent wall element (1).

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf Spundwandbohlen, die aus einem viereckigen Hohlprofil bestehen, welches über seine ganze Länge mit mindestens einem Flansch versehen ist, der eine Verlängerung einer Außenseite des Hohlprofils ist und einen hakenförmigen Ansatz trägt, der an der benachbarten Spundwandbohle anliegt.The present invention relates to sheet piles, which consist of a square hollow profile, which is provided over its entire length with at least one flange which is an extension of an outside of the hollow profile and carries a hook-shaped approach, which abuts the adjacent sheet pile.

Es sind Spundwandbohlen bekannt, die aus einem geschlossenen viereckigen Hohlprofil bestehen, welches über seine ganze Länge mit mindestens einem Flansch versehen ist, der eine Verlängerung einer Außenseite des Hohlprofils ist und einen hakenförmigen Ansatz trägt, der an der benachbarten Spundwandbohle derart anliegt (DE-PS 460 611), daß er an einem vergleichbaren Haken der benachbarten Spundwandbohle angreift und mit diesem eine Art Spundwandschloß bildet. Aus derartigen Spundwandbohlen zusammengesetzte Spundwände weisen den Nachteil auf, daß geschlossene Spundwandbohlen mit Kammern abwechseln, die keine einstückigen Hohlkörper bilden und außerdem das genaueZusammenwirken von je vier Paaren von Haken erfordern, was für die Herstellung und die Montage zu erheblichen Kosten und Problemen führt und außerdem eine hohe Genauigkeit bei beiden Vorgängen erfordert.Sheet piles are known, which consist of a closed square hollow profile, which is provided over its entire length with at least one flange which is an extension of an outside of the hollow profile and carries a hook-shaped approach, which bears against the adjacent sheet pile in such a way (DE-PS 460 611) that it engages a comparable hook of the adjacent sheet pile and forms a kind of sheet pile lock with it. Sheet piles composed of sheet piles of this type have the disadvantage that closed sheet piles alternate with chambers which do not form one-piece hollow bodies and which also require the exact interaction of four pairs of hooks, which leads to considerable costs and problems for the manufacture and assembly and also a requires high accuracy in both processes.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine wesentliche Verbesserung der Spundwände auch für tiefgehende Häfen zu schaffen, bei denen die Spundwand in der Lage ist, große Kräfte aufzunehmen und einen sicheren Verbund zwischen den Spundwandbohlen mit einfachen Mitteln zu bewirken.The present invention has for its object to provide a significant improvement in sheet piling for deep ports where the sheet pile is able to absorb large forces and to achieve a secure bond between the sheet piles with simple means.

Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe dadurch, daß dieser Flansch der Spundwandbohle sich entlang einer Außenseite der benachbarten Spundwandbohle erstreckt und der diesem Flansch zugeordnete Haken die benachbarte Spundwandbohle an der der Spundwandbohle abgewandten Innenseite zumindest bereichsweise umfaßt.The invention achieves this object in that the flange of the sheet pile is p undwandbohle extends along an outer side of the adjacent S and this flange associated hooks on the inner side facing away from the sheet pile at least partially comprises the adjacent sheet pile.

Weiterbildungen der Spundwandbohle nach Patentanspruch 1 und daraus gebildeter Spundwände sind in den Ansprüchen 2 bis 10 beschrieben.Further developments of the sheet pile according to claim 1 and sheet piles formed therefrom are described in claims 2 to 10.

Die erfindungsgemäße Spundwandbohle ermöglicht die Bildung der Spundwand aus einer geschlossenen Hohlprofilfolge und hat daher eine erhebliche Festigkeit. Die Spundwandbohle mit den hakenförmigen Ansätzen ist einfach herzustellen und weist eine große Robustheit auf, die sich sowohl während des Einbaus als auch in der fertig eingesetzten Spundwand günstig auswirkt. Auch das Einrammen der Spundwandbohlen ist infolge der Robustheit der Hohlprofile relativ einfach.The sheet piling according to the invention enables the sheet piling to be formed from a closed hollow profile sequence and therefore has considerable strength. The sheet pile with the hook-shaped lugs is easy to manufacture and has great robustness, which has a positive effect both during installation and in the sheet pile that is already in place. Ramming the sheet piles is also relatively easy due to the robustness of the hollow sections.

Die Erfindung ist anhand der Figuren veranschaulicht.

  • Fig. 1 veranschaulicht eine erste Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Spundwandbohle im Querschnitt und im Verbund innerhalb einer Spundwand;
  • Fig. 2 zeigt eine andere Ausführungsform der Spundwandbohle, die entsprechend der Anordnung in Fig. 1 eingebaut ist;
  • Fig. 3 stellt eine Spundwand dar, bei welcher quadratische und parallelogrammförmigeBohlen zusammengesetzt sind;
  • Fig. 4 veranschaulicht eine Spundwand mit Richtungsänderung, bei der an den Stoßstellen der abgewinkelten Spundwandbohle trapezförmige Spundwandbohlen vorgesehen sind;
  • Fig. 5 zeigt die Ausführung einer abgewinkelten Spundwand unter Verwendung parallelogrammförmiger Spundwandbohlen.
The invention is illustrated with the aid of the figures.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a first embodiment of the sheet pile according to the invention in cross section and in combination within a sheet pile;
  • Fig. 2 shows another embodiment of the sheet pile, which is installed according to the arrangement in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 shows a sheet pile in which square and parallelogram-shaped planks are assembled;
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a sheet pile with change of direction, in which trapezoidal sheet piles are provided at the joints of the angled sheet pile;
  • Fig. 5 shows the execution of an angled sheet pile using parallelogram sheet piles.

Gemäß den Fig. 1 und 2 werden aus rechteckigen, einteiligen Hohlprofilen bestehende Spundwandbohlen zum Aufbau einer Spundwand verwendet. An die Hohlprofile schließen sich Flansche 2 an, an deren Ende die Haken 3 vorgesehen sind. Bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 1 besteht der Haken 3 aus einer senkrechten Abbiegung des Flansches 2, bei der Ausführungsform der Fig. 2 besteht der hakenförmige Ansatz aus zwei Teilen, von denen das Teil 3' senkrecht nach innen und das Teil 3" parallel versetzt zum Flansch 2 vorgesehen sind.1 and 2, sheet piles consisting of rectangular, one-piece hollow sections are used to build up a sheet pile. The hollow profiles are followed by flanges 2, at the end of which the hooks 3 are provided. In the embodiment according to FIG. 1, the hook 3 consists of a vertical bend of the flange 2, in the embodiment of FIG. 2 the hook-shaped extension consists of two parts, of which the part 3 ′ is offset vertically inwards and the part 3 ″ in parallel to flange 2 are provided.

Bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 3 besteht die Spundwand aus Spundwandbohlen 1b mit abgewinkeltem Flansch 2 von quadratischem und Spundwandbohlen 1a von parallelogrammförmigem Querschnitt. Die Spundwandbohlen 1a von parallelogrammförmigem Querschnitt sind in den abgewinkelten Bereichen der Spundwand eingesetzt. An der Stoßstelle der beiden parallelogrammförmigen Wandteile befindet sich wieder eine quadratische Spundwandbohle 1b. Der Verlauf der Flansche 2 und Haken 3 ist schematisch dargestellt. Zwischen den Spundwandbohlen 1,1a sind aus Gründen der übersichtlichen Darstellung Zwischenräume vorgesehen.In the embodiment according to FIG. 3, the sheet pile consists of sheet piles 1b with an angled flange 2 of square and sheet piles 1a of parallelogram cross section. The sheet piles 1a of parallelogram cross section are used in the angled areas of the sheet pile. At the joint of the two parallelogram-shaped wall parts there is again a square sheet pile 1b. The course of the flanges 2 and hook 3 is shown schematically. Gaps are provided between the sheet piles 1,1a for reasons of clarity.

Fig. 4 veranschaulicht eine der Fig. 3 im Verlauf entsprechende Spundwand. Hierbei werden jedoch zum Aufbau nur quadratische Spundwandbohlen 1 verwendet, wobei an den Abwinkelungen trapezförmige Spundwandbohlen 1c eingesetzt sind.FIG. 4 illustrates a sheet pile wall corresponding to FIG. 3. Here, however, only square sheet piles 1 are used for the construction, trapezoidal sheet piles 1c being used at the bends.

Die Neigung der nicht parallelen Seitenpaare der Spundwandbohlen 1c zueinander legt dabei die Relativneigung der Spundwandteile zueinander fest.The inclination of the non-parallel side pairs of the sheet piles 1c to one another determines the relative inclination of the sheet pile parts to one another.

Bei der Spundwand gemäß Fig. 5 werden nur Spundwandbohlen 1a aus parallelogrammförmigen Hohlkörpern verwendet, wobei alle Seiten der Parallelogramme gleich groß sind, also rautenförmige Querschnitte vorliegen.5, only sheet piles 1a made of parallelogram-shaped hollow bodies are used, all sides of the parallelograms being of the same size, that is to say diamond-shaped cross sections.

Claims (10)

1. Spundwandbohle, bestehend aus einem geschlossenen, viereckigen Hohlprofil, welches über seine ganze Länge mit mindestens einem Flansch versehen ist, der eine Verlängerung einer Außenseite des Hohlprofiles ist und einen hakenförmigen Ansatz trägt, der an der benachbarten Spundwandbohle anliegt,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß dieser Flansch (2) der Spundwandbohle (1,1a,1b,1c) sich entlang einer Außenseite der benachbarten Spundi wandbohle (1,1a,1b,1c) erstreckt und der diesem Flansch (2) zugeordnete Haken (3) die benachbarte Spundwandbohle (1,1a,1b,1c) an der der Spundwandbohle (1,1a,1b,1c) abgewandten Innenseite zumindest bereichsweise umfaßt.1. sheet pile, consisting of a closed, square hollow profile, which is provided over its entire length with at least one flange, which is an extension of an outer side of the hollow profile and carries a hook-shaped extension, which rests on the adjacent sheet pile,
characterized,
that this flange (2) of the sheet pile (1,1a, 1b, 1c) extends along an outside of the adjacent sheet pile (1,1a, 1b, 1c) and this flange (2) associated hook (3) the adjacent sheet pile (1,1a, 1b, 1c) on the inner side facing away from the sheet pile (1,1a, 1b, 1c) at least in some areas. 2. Spundwandbohle nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Haken (3) aus einem vom Flansch (2) am Flanschende abgewinkelten Teil (3') und einem weiteren Teil (3") besteht, das parallel versetzt zum Flansch (2) auf der dem Teil (3') abgewandten Seite des Flansches (2) verläuft.2. sheet pile according to claim 1, characterized in
that the hook (3) consists of a part (3 ') angled from the flange (2) at the flange end and a further part (3 ") which is offset parallel to the flange (2) on the side of the part (3') facing away Flange (2) runs. 3. Spundwandbohle nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Hohlprofil der Spundwandbohle (1b) als Rechteckrohr ausgebildet ist und die Haken (3) rechtwinklig zum zugehörigen Flansch (2) verlaufen.3. sheet pile according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in
that the hollow profile of the sheet pile (1b) is designed as a rectangular tube and the hooks (3) run at right angles to the associated flange (2). 4. Spundwandbohle nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Hohlprofil der Spundwandbohle (1a) parallelogrammförmig ist.4. sheet pile according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in
that the hollow profile of the sheet pile (1a) is parallelogram-shaped. 5. Spundwandbohle nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Hohlprofil der Spundwandbohle (1c) trapezförmig ist.5. sheet pile according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in
that the hollow profile of the sheet pile (1c) is trapezoidal. 6. Spundwandbohle nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Hohlprofil der Spundwandbohle (1) quadratisch ist.6. sheet pile according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in
that the hollow profile of the sheet pile (1) is square. 7. Spundwand aus Spundwandbohlen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 und 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet ,
daß bei einer Richtungsänderung im Verlauf einer geradlinigen Spundwand in den geradlinigen Bereichen rechteckförmige Spundwandbohlen (1b),in den geneigten Bereichen parallelogrammförmige Spundwandbohlen (1a) angeordnet sind.7. sheet pile made of sheet piles according to one of claims 1 to 4 and 6,
characterized ,
that in the case of a change in direction in the course of a straight sheet pile, rectangular sheet piles (1b) are arranged in the straight areas, parallelogram sheet piles (1a) are arranged in the inclined areas. 8. Spundwand aus Spundwandbohlen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 und 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet ,
daß bei einer Richtungsänderung einer Spundwand aus Spundwandbohlen (1a) von parallelogrammförmigem Querschnitt die Spundwandbohlen (1a) der beiden winkelmässig zueinander versetzten Spundwandteile in bezug auf die Stoßstelle spiegelbildlich zueinander verlaufen.8. sheet pile made of sheet piles according to one of claims 1 to 4 and 6,
characterized ,
that when a sheet pile wall changes direction Sheet piles (1a) of parallelogram cross-section, the sheet piles (1a) of the two sheet pile parts offset at an angle to each other with respect to each other with a mirror image. 9. Spundwand aus Spundwandbohlen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 und 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß an der Stoßstelle zweier umgekehrt zueinander geneigter Bereiche aus parallelogrammförmigen Spundwandbohlen (1a) eine rechteckförmige Spundwandbohle (1b) vorgesehen ist, wobei die Flansche (2) und Haken (3) an den parallelogrammförmigen Spundwandbohlen (1a) und den dazu benachbarten rechteckförmigen Spundwandbohlen (1b) entsprechend dem Verlauf der ganz oder teilweise umfaßten Seiten des Nachbarprofils abgewinkelt sind.9. sheet pile made of sheet piles according to one of claims 1 to 4 and 6,
characterized,
that a rectangular sheet pile wall (1b) is provided at the junction of two mutually inclined areas made of parallelogram sheet piles (1a), the flanges (2) and hooks (3) on the parallelogram sheet pile boards (1a) and the adjacent rectangular sheet pile sheets (1b ) are angled according to the course of the fully or partially covered sides of the neighboring profile. 10 Spundwand aus Spundwandbohlen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 und 5, 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß an der Abwinkelungsstelle zweier unter einem Winkel verlaufender Wandteile aus rechteckförmigen Spundwandbohlen (1b) eine trapezförmige Spundwandbohle (1c) eingesetzt ist.10 sheet pile made of sheet piles according to one of claims 1 to 3 and 5, 6,
characterized,
that a trapezoidal sheet pile plank (1c) is inserted at the bend point of two wall parts made of rectangular sheet piles (1b) and running at an angle.
EP83100092A 1982-01-21 1983-01-07 Sheet piles, and bulk heads composed of such sheet piles Expired EP0084779B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3201688 1982-01-21
DE3201688 1982-01-21
DE3205568A DE3205568C1 (en) 1982-01-21 1982-02-17 Sheet piles and sheet piling made from them
DE3205568 1982-02-17

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0084779A1 true EP0084779A1 (en) 1983-08-03
EP0084779B1 EP0084779B1 (en) 1985-05-08

Family

ID=25798983

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83100092A Expired EP0084779B1 (en) 1982-01-21 1983-01-07 Sheet piles, and bulk heads composed of such sheet piles

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0084779B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3205568C1 (en)
DK (1) DK150908C (en)
NO (1) NO830182L (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2307936A (en) * 1995-12-07 1997-06-11 Cooper Clarke Group Plc A lining unit for a waterway
GB2307935A (en) * 1995-12-07 1997-06-11 Cooper Clarke Group Plc A lining unit
GB2314575A (en) * 1996-06-26 1998-01-07 Harrison Chaplin Limited T Sheet piling
CN111173004A (en) * 2020-03-23 2020-05-19 南京市测绘勘察研究院股份有限公司 Special-shaped precast pile zipper type supporting structure and construction method thereof

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB208022A (en) * 1922-12-28 1923-12-13 Willem Coenraad Koehler Improvements in or relating to hollow sheet piles of reinforced concrete, metal or the like
FR769697A (en) * 1934-08-30
US2099542A (en) * 1936-01-31 1937-11-16 Stevens Edwin Fenton Interlocking steel sheet piling
FR2083998A5 (en) * 1970-03-04 1971-12-17 Voest Ag
FR2194290A5 (en) * 1972-07-24 1974-02-22 Vmw Ranshofen Berndorf Ag

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE460611C (en) * 1928-06-01 Willem Coenraad Koehler Hollow sheet pile

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR769697A (en) * 1934-08-30
GB208022A (en) * 1922-12-28 1923-12-13 Willem Coenraad Koehler Improvements in or relating to hollow sheet piles of reinforced concrete, metal or the like
US2099542A (en) * 1936-01-31 1937-11-16 Stevens Edwin Fenton Interlocking steel sheet piling
FR2083998A5 (en) * 1970-03-04 1971-12-17 Voest Ag
FR2194290A5 (en) * 1972-07-24 1974-02-22 Vmw Ranshofen Berndorf Ag

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2307936A (en) * 1995-12-07 1997-06-11 Cooper Clarke Group Plc A lining unit for a waterway
GB2307935A (en) * 1995-12-07 1997-06-11 Cooper Clarke Group Plc A lining unit
GB2307935B (en) * 1995-12-07 1997-11-19 Cooper Clarke Group Plc A lining unit
GB2307936B (en) * 1995-12-07 1998-07-22 Cooper Clarke Group Plc A lining unit
GB2314575A (en) * 1996-06-26 1998-01-07 Harrison Chaplin Limited T Sheet piling
GB2314575B (en) * 1996-06-26 2000-12-20 Harrison Chaplin Ltd T Sheet piling
CN111173004A (en) * 2020-03-23 2020-05-19 南京市测绘勘察研究院股份有限公司 Special-shaped precast pile zipper type supporting structure and construction method thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK150908C (en) 1987-12-28
DK22683D0 (en) 1983-01-20
NO830182L (en) 1983-07-22
DE3205568C1 (en) 1983-08-11
DK150908B (en) 1987-07-13
EP0084779B1 (en) 1985-05-08
DK22683A (en) 1983-07-22

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