EP0084663B1 - Damping device for buildings exposed to earthquakes - Google Patents

Damping device for buildings exposed to earthquakes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0084663B1
EP0084663B1 EP82111891A EP82111891A EP0084663B1 EP 0084663 B1 EP0084663 B1 EP 0084663B1 EP 82111891 A EP82111891 A EP 82111891A EP 82111891 A EP82111891 A EP 82111891A EP 0084663 B1 EP0084663 B1 EP 0084663B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
damping
installation according
ring
earthquake
damping installation
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EP82111891A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0084663A3 (en
EP0084663A2 (en
Inventor
Adrian Pocanschi
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Raff Bernt
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Raff Bernt
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
    • E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
    • E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
    • E04H9/0235—Anti-seismic devices with hydraulic or pneumatic damping

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a damping device for buildings prone to earthquakes, in which a vibration isolator is arranged between the foundation and the building and is mounted in a housing consisting of an upper and lower part (e.g. GB-A-1336 472).
  • the invention has for its object to eliminate the disadvantages mentioned and to improve the damping device of the type mentioned so that the replacement of the vibration isolator can be omitted during the entire life of the building.
  • the characterizing features of claim 1 are provided. In this way it is achieved that the vibration isolator is normally not at all or only insignificantly loaded when an earthquake does not take place. Since the load is eliminated, the insulator does not age, so that it does not have to be replaced.
  • the invention surprisingly does not require the person skilled in the art to provide special devices for absorbing the wind forces for the purpose of ensuring stability.
  • tall buildings can now also be insulated laterally by the invention because, due to the firm connection between the foundation and the superstructure, there is normally no danger of tipping over.
  • the housing 1 shows the housing with an upper part 1 and a lower part 2, which are connected to one another in the vertical wall by the spacing wedges 12 a to 12 h.
  • the vibration isolator 3 is arranged between the plate-shaped parts 1 and 2, which is an air spring or a rubber spring.
  • a container 4 is visible in the middle, which is filled with a viscous liquid 5 and closed at the top by a membrane 6.
  • the damping rod 7 In the middle of the housing you can see the damping rod 7, the end extended into the upper container 4 is provided with a wing head 11.
  • the lower end of the rod 7 is provided with a closing head 10 and articulated in a lowermost part 2 a of the lower part 2.
  • a neoprene seal 8 is provided in the upper part 1 below the wing head 11.
  • the rod 7 is encased in the area of the head 10 by a neon bumper 9, which is housed in the lowermost housing part 2 a.
  • the spacer wedges 12 d on the left and 12 h on the right which normally transmit the force from the upper part 1 to the lower part 2. They are connected to each other by the side locking ring 13.
  • the two ends 13 a, 13 b of the ring 13 penetrate the groove roller 14 rotatably attached to a wedge, see FIG. 3, and are anchored by the fastening means 15 a, 15 b.
  • a lever 16 is movably connected to the armature 21 and engages in the aforementioned grooved roller 14 via a support 23 at the other end. Within this grooved roller you can see the two ends 13 a and 13 b of the ring 13.
  • FIG. 2 shows the top view of the device according to FIG. 1 in section. It can be seen here that a larger number of spacer wedges 12 a to 12 h are arranged between the upper and lower part. This cut is also passed through the side locking ring 13, which holds the wedges in place.
  • the vibration isolator 3 is known per se. known rubber bearing or air cushion bearing and does not have to be described in detail because of its popularity.
  • Fig. 3 shows the aforementioned grooved roller 14, in the two grooves above and below the two ends 13 a and 13 b the side locking ring 13 are fastened with the fasteners 15 a, 15 b. It can be seen that the side grooves are arranged above and below the axis 24 of the roller 14. Since the ring 13 is under tension, the grooved roller 14 is subjected to rotation to the left, which it is prevented from due to the engagement of the lever 16 in the recesses 25 of the roller. As soon as the end of the lever 16 in FIG. 3 is acted down by the electromagnet 17 via the lever 16, the grooved roller is released, so that the side locking ring 13 breaks at the predetermined breaking point 26, whereupon the wedges 12 a to 12 h slide outwards.
  • the second possibility of triggering is initiated by the self-triggering of the side locking ring 13 when the transmitted force exceeds a certain value.
  • This additional security measure is ensured by the predetermined breaking point 26, which practically represents a reduction in the ring cross section. In this way, the ring breaks suddenly at this point under a certain previously known magnitude of force. Such a force is known to occur as a result of the earthquake vibration.
  • the inclination 27 of the wedges 12 according to FIG. 1 is kept so large that self-locking cannot occur.
  • the upper part 1 presses the lower part 2 with all of the force of gravity, the insulator 3 being loaded and compressed, so that it is squeezed outwards between the housing parts in both directions. Since this load occurs abruptly, the damping rod 7 is also installed. Since this rests with its head 10 on the housing part 2 a below, the wing head 11 is pressed upwards into the viscous liquid 5.
  • the neoprene seal 8 it cannot escape, only via the membrane 6 is there a possibility that the liquid will give way a little.
  • further damping takes place via the lower head 10 by means of the neoprene bumper 9. In this way, the shock is absorbed until the isolator takes on the full resting load.
  • the effect of the vibration isolator 3 can e.g. can be adjusted by the oil pressure.
  • the closed space shown in FIG. 1 can be provided via a line 19 with a valve, not shown, which is a safety valve which only opens when a very high load is reached. This ensures that further yielding can only take place when a certain pressure is exceeded. In this way it is possible to dampen the shock as required.
  • a certain pressure can still be maintained in the room 3 from the outset, so that a considerable force against the impact is present from the outset.
  • the wedges 12 a to 12 h can be replaced by particularly brittle parts. They can be cube-shaped elements that break on a horizontal quake. Brittle materials which are suitable for this purpose are known to the person skilled in the art. Therefore, no further details need to be given in this regard.
  • damping devices are required to isolate a building. The number depends on the load-bearing capacity and the degree of insulation - can be calculated - a furnishing unit.
  • the damping devices are to be inserted into the joints between the foundation and the superstructure, so that the lower housing or the shim comes to rest on the foundation, while the upper housing 1 is fastened to the superstructure.
  • the ring 13 is dimensioned so that it directs the maximum resulting wind load to the foundation and suddenly gives way when this load is exceeded.
  • the self-trigger mechanism switches on.
  • the movement of the foundation creates inertial forces. When these forces reach a predetermined value, the ring 13 gives way.
  • the role of the damping rod 17 also consists in that the deflections of the building which occur during the earthquake are limited, so that the overturning of the superstructure is prevented and the vibrations are dampened by the dynamic friction forces which arise in the liquid.
  • the upper building When the earthquake is over, the upper building can be opened in a known manner, e.g. raised by means of an air cushion and the damping device can be repaired again without the vibration isolator 3 having to be replaced even under these circumstances.
  • the mentioned connecting element between the upper part (1) and the lower part (2) can contain an explosive chamber with an explosive. This is connected to an electrical detonator that can be triggered in the manner mentioned. It is an explosive with an electrical detonator, which is installed, for example, in a fastening element 15 a. By in this case, the closing of the circuit triggers the explosion, which destroys the fastening element and releases the ring 13. Systems of this type are known in principle, so that they do not have to be described in detail.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)

Abstract

A damping installation for earthquake-endangered buildings providing for a vibration insulator between the foundation and the building.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Dämpfungseinrichtung für erdbebengefährdete Gebäude, bei der ein Schwingungsisolator zwischen dem Fundament und dem Gebäude angeordnet und in einem aus einem ober -und Unterteil bestehenden Gehäuse gelagert ist (z.B. GB-A-1336 472).The invention relates to a damping device for buildings prone to earthquakes, in which a vibration isolator is arranged between the foundation and the building and is mounted in a housing consisting of an upper and lower part (e.g. GB-A-1336 472).

Es gibt bereits verschiedene Einrichtungen dieser Art zur Durchführung der seismischen Isolierung. Unter anderem hat man hierbei das Konzept der Horizontal gleitenden oder räumlich schwimmenden Lagerung verfolgt, welches auch den Erfindungsgegenstand betrifft. Hierbei beruht die Grundidee darauf, daß der Oberbau als geschützter Gebäudebereich von dem Fundament getrennt und allseitig durch hochelastische Lagerkörper, z.B. vom Typ Neoprenlager, abgestützt wird. Die praktische Anwendung dieser Lager als Seismischer-Isolator ist jedoch aufgrund einiger ungelöster Probleme bisher begrenzt.Various devices of this type already exist for carrying out the seismic isolation. Among other things, the concept of horizontally sliding or floating floating storage has been pursued, which also relates to the subject matter of the invention. The basic idea here is that the superstructure, as a protected building area, is separated from the foundation and on all sides by highly elastic bearing elements, e.g. of the type neoprene bearing is supported. However, the practical application of these bearings as a seismic isolator has so far been limited due to some unsolved problems.

Im Laufe der Zeit veraltet des Isoliermaterial unter der ständigen großen Belastung des Gebäudes und verliert dadurch seine Dämpfungseigenschaft. Deshalb ist erforderlich, die Lager regelmäßig auszuwechseln. Hierzu hat man u.a. die Lager auf Keile gesetzt, und das Gebäude mit einer Luftkissen-Einrichtung ein wenig angehoben, damit das Lager zum Zwecke der Auswechslung entlastet wird (Earthquake engineering and structural dynamics, Vol. 3, 297-309 (1975)).Over time, the insulation material becomes obsolete under the constant heavy loads on the building and thereby loses its damping properties. It is therefore necessary to replace the bearings regularly. For this one has the bearings were placed on wedges and the building was raised a little with an air cushion device so that the bearing was relieved for the purpose of replacement (Earthquake engineering and structural dynamics, Vol. 3, 297-309 (1975)).

Zur Aufnahme der Windkräfte und zur Sicherung der Stabilität des Gebäudes ist nach dem Stand der Technik ferner erforderlich, besondere Anlagen vorzusehen.To absorb the wind forces and to ensure the stability of the building, it is also necessary according to the prior art to provide special systems.

Da keine vertikale, feste Verbindung zwischen den Fundamenten und dem Oberbau besteht, können bei hohen Gebäuden, wo die Gefahr des Kippens besteht, die bisher vorgeschlagenen Isolatoren nicht verwendet werden.Since there is no vertical, fixed connection between the foundations and the superstructure, the insulators previously proposed cannot be used in tall buildings where there is a risk of tipping.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die erwähnten Nachteile zu beseitigen und die Dämpfungseinrichtung der erwähnten Art so zu verbessern, daß das Auswechseln des Schwingungsisolators während der gesamten Lebensdauer des Gebäudes entfallen kann.The invention has for its object to eliminate the disadvantages mentioned and to improve the damping device of the type mentioned so that the replacement of the vibration isolator can be omitted during the entire life of the building.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe durch die Erfindung sind die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 vorgesehen. Auf diese Weise wird erreicht, daß der Schwingungsisolator im Normalfall, wenn ein Erdbeben nicht stattfindet, gar nicht oder nur unwesentlich belastet ist. Da die Belastung entfällt, altert der Isolator nicht, sodaß er auch nicht ausgewechselt werden muß.To solve this problem by the invention, the characterizing features of claim 1 are provided. In this way it is achieved that the vibration isolator is normally not at all or only insignificantly loaded when an earthquake does not take place. Since the load is eliminated, the insulator does not age, so that it does not have to be replaced.

Außerdem ist es durch die Erfindung für den Fachmann in überraschender Weise nicht erforderlich, besondere Vorrichtungen zur Aufnahme der Windkräfte zum Zwecke der Sicherung der Stabilität vorzusehen.In addition, the invention surprisingly does not require the person skilled in the art to provide special devices for absorbing the wind forces for the purpose of ensuring stability.

Ferner können durch die Erfindung nunmehr auch hohe Gebäude seitlich isoliert werden, weil durch die feste Verbindung zwischen dem Fundament und dem Oberbau im Normalfall die Gefahr des Umkippens nicht vorhanden ist.Furthermore, tall buildings can now also be insulated laterally by the invention because, due to the firm connection between the foundation and the superstructure, there is normally no danger of tipping over.

Weitere Vorteile und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nun folgenden Beschreibung einiger Ausführungsbeispiele unter Hinweis auf die Zeichnung. In dieser zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 Einen senkrechten Schitt durch die erfindungsgemäße Dämpfungseinrichtung mit Auslösemechanismus;
  • Fig. 2 einen Horizontalschnitt durch die Einrichtung nach Fig. 1 schematisch und
  • Fig. 3 eine Teilansicht auf eine Einzelheit der Vorrichtung nach den Fig. 1 und 2.
Further advantages and details of the invention result from the following description of some exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing. In this show:
  • 1 shows a vertical step through the damping device according to the invention with a trigger mechanism;
  • Fig. 2 shows a horizontal section through the device of FIG. 1 schematically and
  • 3 shows a partial view of a detail of the device according to FIGS. 1 and 2.

Fig. 1 zeigt das Gehäuse mit einem Oberteil 1 und einem Unterteil 2, welche durch die Distanz- keile 12 a bis 12 h in der senkrechten Wandung miteinander verbunden sind. Im Innern des Gehäuses ist der Schwingungsisolator 3 zwischen den plattenförmigen Teilen 1 und 2 angeordnet, der eine Luftfeder oder eine Gummifeder ist. Im oberen Teil des Gehäuses ist in der Mitte ein Behälter 4 sichtbar, der mit einer viskosen Flüssigkeit 5 gefüllt und oben durch eine Membran 6 geschlossen ist. In der Mitte des Gehäuses sieht man die Dämpfungsstange 7, deren bis in den oberen Behälter 4 verlängertes Ende mit einem Flügelkopf 11 versehen ist. Das untere Ende der Stange 7 ist mit einem Schließkopf 10 versehen und gelenkig in einem untersten Teil 2 a des Unterteils 2 angeordnet. Zur festen Verbindung der Stange 7 mit dem Gehäuse ist in dem Oberteil 1 eine Neoprendichtung 8 unterhalb des Flügelkopfes 11 vorgesehen. Im Unterteil ist die Stange 7 im Bereich des Kopfes 10 von einem Neonprenstoßfänger 9 ummantelt, der in dem untersten Gehäuseteil 2 a untergebracht ist.1 shows the housing with an upper part 1 and a lower part 2, which are connected to one another in the vertical wall by the spacing wedges 12 a to 12 h. Inside the housing, the vibration isolator 3 is arranged between the plate-shaped parts 1 and 2, which is an air spring or a rubber spring. In the upper part of the housing, a container 4 is visible in the middle, which is filled with a viscous liquid 5 and closed at the top by a membrane 6. In the middle of the housing you can see the damping rod 7, the end extended into the upper container 4 is provided with a wing head 11. The lower end of the rod 7 is provided with a closing head 10 and articulated in a lowermost part 2 a of the lower part 2. For the fixed connection of the rod 7 to the housing, a neoprene seal 8 is provided in the upper part 1 below the wing head 11. In the lower part, the rod 7 is encased in the area of the head 10 by a neon bumper 9, which is housed in the lowermost housing part 2 a.

Am äußeren Rande des Gehäuses sieht man in der Fig. 1 die Distanzkeile 12 d links und 12 h rechts, die die Kraft von dem Oberteil 1 auf das Unterteil 2 im Normalfäll übertragen. Sie sind durch den Seitenverschlußring 13 miteinander verbunden. Die beiden Enden 13 a, 13 b des Ringes 13 durschstoßen die an einen Keil drehbar befestigte Nutenrolle 14, siehe Fig. 3, und werden durch die Befestigungsmittel 15 a, 15 b verankert.On the outer edge of the housing one can see in FIG. 1 the spacer wedges 12 d on the left and 12 h on the right which normally transmit the force from the upper part 1 to the lower part 2. They are connected to each other by the side locking ring 13. The two ends 13 a, 13 b of the ring 13 penetrate the groove roller 14 rotatably attached to a wedge, see FIG. 3, and are anchored by the fastening means 15 a, 15 b.

Weiter rechts sieht man in Fig. 1 ein Gehäuse 22 zur Aufnahme eines Elektromagnetes 17, in dem ein bewegliches Anker 21 angeordnet ist, der unten durch eine Feder 20 in seiner dargestellten Lage gehalten wird. Ein Hebel 16 ist mit dem Anker 21 beweglich verbunden und greift über ein Auflager 23 am anderen Ende in die erwähnte Nutenrolle 14 ein. Innerhalb dieser Nutenrolle sieht man hier die beiden Enden 13 a und 13 b des Ringes 13.On the right in FIG. 1, one can see a housing 22 for receiving an electromagnet 17, in which a movable armature 21 is arranged, which is held below in its position by a spring 20. A lever 16 is movably connected to the armature 21 and engages in the aforementioned grooved roller 14 via a support 23 at the other end. Within this grooved roller you can see the two ends 13 a and 13 b of the ring 13.

Die Fig. 2 zeigt die Draufsicht auf die Einrichtung nach Fig. 1 im Schnitt. Man sieht hier, daß eine größere Anzahl von Distanzkeilen 12 a bis 12 h zwischen Ober- und Unterteil angeordnet sind. Dieser Schnitt ist ferner durch den Seitenverschlußring 13 geführt, der die Keile in ihrer Lage festhält.FIG. 2 shows the top view of the device according to FIG. 1 in section. It can be seen here that a larger number of spacer wedges 12 a to 12 h are arranged between the upper and lower part. This cut is also passed through the side locking ring 13, which holds the wedges in place.

Der Schwingungsisolator 3 ist als für sich be-. kanntes Gummilager oder Luftkissenlager ausgebildet und muß wegen seiner Bekanntheit nicht im einzelnen beschrieben werden. Fig. 3 zeigt die erwähnte Nutenrolle 14, in deren beiden Nuten oben und unten die beiden Enden 13 a und 13 b des Seitenverschlußringes 13 mit den Befestigungselementen 15 a, 15 b befestigt sind. Man sieht, daß die Seitennuten oberhalb und unterhalb der Achse 24 der Rolle 14 angeordnet sind. Da der Ring 13 unter Spannung steht, wird die Nutenrolle 14 auf Drehung nach links beansprucht, woran sie infolge des Eingriffs des Hebels 16 in die Ausnehmungen 25 der Rolle gehindert ist. Sobald das Ende des Hebels 16 in Fig. 3 nach unten durch den Elektromagneten 17 über den Hebel 16 beaufschlagt wird, ist die Nutenrolle freigegeben, sodaß der Seitenverschlußring 13 an der Sollbruchstelle 26 bricht, woraufhin die Keile 12 a bis 12 h nach außen rutschen.The vibration isolator 3 is known per se. known rubber bearing or air cushion bearing and does not have to be described in detail because of its popularity. Fig. 3 shows the aforementioned grooved roller 14, in the two grooves above and below the two ends 13 a and 13 b the side locking ring 13 are fastened with the fasteners 15 a, 15 b. It can be seen that the side grooves are arranged above and below the axis 24 of the roller 14. Since the ring 13 is under tension, the grooved roller 14 is subjected to rotation to the left, which it is prevented from due to the engagement of the lever 16 in the recesses 25 of the roller. As soon as the end of the lever 16 in FIG. 3 is acted down by the electromagnet 17 via the lever 16, the grooved roller is released, so that the side locking ring 13 breaks at the predetermined breaking point 26, whereupon the wedges 12 a to 12 h slide outwards.

Im nachfolgenden wird die Wirkungsweise des Erfindungsgegenstandes im einzelnen beschrieben:

  • Wie schon erwähnt, wird die Freigabe der Drehbewegung der Nutenrolle 14 durch das Auslöseglied 16 gewährleistet. Hierzu ist die erwähnte Sollbruchstelle 26 nicht unbedingt erforderlich. Das Auslöseglied hat die Form eines Getriebehebels, dessen Auflager 23 nach Fig. 1 an dem Unterteil abgestützt ist, dessen längerer Arm an der Rückstellfeder 20 angebracht ist. Der Elektromagnet 17 wird über das Anschlußkabel 18 genau in dem Augenblick mit Strom versorgt, in dem ein Erdbebenstoß auftritt.
The mode of operation of the subject matter of the invention is described in detail below:
  • As already mentioned, the release of the rotational movement of the grooved roller 14 is ensured by the trigger member 16. The predetermined breaking point 26 mentioned is not absolutely necessary for this. The trigger member has the form of a gear lever, the support 23 of FIG. 1 is supported on the lower part, the longer arm is attached to the return spring 20. The electromagnet 17 is supplied with power via the connecting cable 18 at exactly the moment in which an earthquake shock occurs.

Die zweite Auslösungsmöglichkeit wird von der Selbstauslösung des Seitenverschlußringes 13 eingeleitet, wenn die übertragene Kraft einen bestimmten Wert überschreitet. Diese zusätzliche Sicherungsmaßnahme wird durch die Sollbruchstelle 26 gewährleistet, die praktisch eine Verkleinerung des Ringquerschnittes darstellt. Auf diese Weise bricht der Ring schlagartig an dieser Stelle unter einer bestimmten im voraus bekannten Größe der Kraft. Eine solche Kraft tritt infolge der Erdbebenschwingung bekanntlich auf.The second possibility of triggering is initiated by the self-triggering of the side locking ring 13 when the transmitted force exceeds a certain value. This additional security measure is ensured by the predetermined breaking point 26, which practically represents a reduction in the ring cross section. In this way, the ring breaks suddenly at this point under a certain previously known magnitude of force. Such a force is known to occur as a result of the earthquake vibration.

Die Neigung 27 der Keile 12 gemäß Fig. 1 ist so groß gehalten, daß Selbsthemmung nicht eintreten kann. Sobald der Ring 13 gelöst ist, drückt das Oberteil 1 mit der gesamten Schwerkraft auf das Unterteil 2, wobei der Isolator 3 belastet und zusammengedrückt wird, sodaß er zwischen den Gehäuseteilen in beiden Richtungen nach außen gequetscht wird. Da diese Belastung stoßartig erfolgt, ist zusätzlich die Dämpfungsstange 7 eingebaut. Da diese unten mit ihrem Kopf 10 auf dem Gehäuseteil 2 a aufliegt, wird der Flügelkopf 11 nach oben in die viskose Flüssigkeit 5 hineingedrückt. Infolge der Neoprendichtung 8 kann diese nicht entweichen, lediglich über die Membran 6 besteht die Möglichkeit, daß die Flüssigkeit ein wenig nachgibt. Darüberhinaus erfolgt eine weitere Dämpfung über den unteren Kopf 10 durch den Neoprenstoßfänger 9. Auf diese Weise wird der Stoß aufgefangen, bis der Isolator die volle ruhende Last aübernimmt.The inclination 27 of the wedges 12 according to FIG. 1 is kept so large that self-locking cannot occur. As soon as the ring 13 is released, the upper part 1 presses the lower part 2 with all of the force of gravity, the insulator 3 being loaded and compressed, so that it is squeezed outwards between the housing parts in both directions. Since this load occurs abruptly, the damping rod 7 is also installed. Since this rests with its head 10 on the housing part 2 a below, the wing head 11 is pressed upwards into the viscous liquid 5. As a result of the neoprene seal 8, it cannot escape, only via the membrane 6 is there a possibility that the liquid will give way a little. In addition, further damping takes place via the lower head 10 by means of the neoprene bumper 9. In this way, the shock is absorbed until the isolator takes on the full resting load.

Die Wirkung des Schwingungsisolators 3 kann z.B. durch den Öldruck eingestellt werden. Hierzu kann der in Fig. 1 dargestellte geschlossene Raum über eine Leitung 19 mit einem nicht dargestellten Ventil versehen werden, das ein Sicherheitsventil ist, welches erst bei einer ganz bestimmten hohen Last öffnet. Dadurch wird erreicht, daß ein weiteres Nachgeben erst erfolgen kann, wenn ein bestimmter Druck überschritten wird. Auf diese Weise besteht die Möglichkeit, den Stoß in der erforderlichen Weise zu dämpfen. Hierzu kann auch noch von vornherein ein bestimmter Druck in dem Raum 3 ständig aufrechterhalten werden, damit von vornherein ein erhebliche Kraft gegen den Stoß vorhanden ist.The effect of the vibration isolator 3 can e.g. can be adjusted by the oil pressure. For this purpose, the closed space shown in FIG. 1 can be provided via a line 19 with a valve, not shown, which is a safety valve which only opens when a very high load is reached. This ensures that further yielding can only take place when a certain pressure is exceeded. In this way it is possible to dampen the shock as required. For this purpose, a certain pressure can still be maintained in the room 3 from the outset, so that a considerable force against the impact is present from the outset.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform können die Keile 12 a bis 12 h durch besonders spröde Teile ersetzt werden. Es kann sich um würfelförmige Elemente handeln, die bei einem horizontalen Erdstoß brechen. Dem Fachmann sind spröde Materialien bekannt, die sich hierzu eignen. Deshalb müssen nähere Angaben diesbezüglich nicht gemacht werden.According to a further embodiment, the wedges 12 a to 12 h can be replaced by particularly brittle parts. They can be cube-shaped elements that break on a horizontal quake. Brittle materials which are suitable for this purpose are known to the person skilled in the art. Therefore, no further details need to be given in this regard.

Zur Isolierung eines Bauwerkes sind eine bestimmte Anzahl dieser Dämpfungseinrichtung notwendig. Die Zahl hängt von der Tragfähigkeit und dem Isolierungsgrad - rechnerisch erfaßbar .- einer Einrichtungseinheit ab.A certain number of these damping devices are required to isolate a building. The number depends on the load-bearing capacity and the degree of insulation - can be calculated - a furnishing unit.

Die Dämpfungseinrichtungen sind in die Fugen zwischen dem Fundament und dem Oberbau einzusetzen, sodaß das Untergehäuse oder die Unterlegplatte auf dem Fundament zu liegen kommt, während das Obergehäuse 1 an dem Oberbau befestigt wird. Hierbei wird der Ring 13 so dimensioniert, daß er die maximal resultierende Windlast zum Fundament leitet und plötzlich nachgibt, wenn diese Last überschritten wird.The damping devices are to be inserted into the joints between the foundation and the superstructure, so that the lower housing or the shim comes to rest on the foundation, while the upper housing 1 is fastened to the superstructure. Here, the ring 13 is dimensioned so that it directs the maximum resulting wind load to the foundation and suddenly gives way when this load is exceeded.

Wenn das Erdbeben auftritt, fängt ein in der Umgebung des Gebäudes aufgestellter Empfänger die ersten diesbezüglichen Signale auf, wodurch der Stromkreis geschlossen wird.When the earthquake occurs, a receiver placed in the vicinity of the building picks up the first related signals, closing the circuit.

Wenn die Funktion des elektrischen Auslösemechanismus durch unbekannte Ursachen gestört oder verhindert wird, schaltet sich der Selbstauslösemechanismus ein. Die Bewegung des Fundaments ruft Trägheitskräfte hervor. Wenn diese Kräfte einem im voraus bestimmten Wert erreichen, gibt der Ring 13 nach.If the function of the electrical trigger mechanism is disturbed or prevented by unknown causes, the self-trigger mechanism switches on. The movement of the foundation creates inertial forces. When these forces reach a predetermined value, the ring 13 gives way.

Die Rolle der Dämpfungsstange 17 besteht ferner darin, daß die während des Erdbebens entstehenden Auslenkungen des Gebäudes begrenzt werden, sodaß das Umkippen des Oberbaus verhindert und die Schwingungen durch die in der Flüssigkeit entstehenden dynamischen Reibungskräfte gedämpft werden.The role of the damping rod 17 also consists in that the deflections of the building which occur during the earthquake are limited, so that the overturning of the superstructure is prevented and the vibrations are dampened by the dynamic friction forces which arise in the liquid.

Wenn das Erdbeben vorbei ist, kann das Obergebäude in bekannter Weise, z.B. mittels eines Luftkissens angehoben und die Dämpfungseinrichtung wieder instandgesetzt werden, ohne daß selbst unter diesen Umständen der Schwingungsisolator 3 ausgewechselt werden muß.When the earthquake is over, the upper building can be opened in a known manner, e.g. raised by means of an air cushion and the damping device can be repaired again without the vibration isolator 3 having to be replaced even under these circumstances.

Gemäß einer weiteren in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellten Ausführungsform kann das erwähnte Verbindungselement zwischen dem Oberteil (1) und dem Unterteil (2) eine Sprengkammer mit einem Sprengstoff enthalten. Dieser steht mit mit einem elektrischen Zünder in Verbindung, der in der erwähnten Weise ausgelöst werden kann. Dabei handelt es sich um einen Sprengstoff mit elektrischem Detonator, der zum Beispiel in ein Befestigungselement 15 a eingebaut ist. Durch das Schließen des Stromkreises wird in diesem Falle die Explosion ausgelöst, die das Befestigungselement zerstört und den Ring 13 löst. System dieser Art sind grundsätzlich bekannt, sodaß sie nicht im einzelnen beschrieben werden müssen.According to a further embodiment, not shown in the drawing, the mentioned connecting element between the upper part (1) and the lower part (2) can contain an explosive chamber with an explosive. This is connected to an electrical detonator that can be triggered in the manner mentioned. It is an explosive with an electrical detonator, which is installed, for example, in a fastening element 15 a. By in this case, the closing of the circuit triggers the explosion, which destroys the fastening element and releases the ring 13. Systems of this type are known in principle, so that they do not have to be described in detail.

Claims (11)

1. Damping installation for earthquake-endangered buildings where a vibration insulator is arranged between the foundation and the building having a top casing (1) and a bottom casing (2), characterized in that under normal conditions - i.e. excluding earthquakes, the gravity of the building is transmitted mainly through a rigid connection of the top casing (1) and the bottom casing (2) of minor load to the vibration insulator to the base and that the connection (12) between the top and the bottom section is loosened by an earthquake, thereby loading the vibration insulator.
2. Damping installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the detachable connection is formed by spacer wedges (12) in the vertical sections of the casing which, under normal conditions - are held in position by a closure ring (13) the ring having a plane of weakness breaking by the agency of an earthquake.
3. Damping installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the detachable connection is made up of brittle parts which break by the agency of an earthquake.
4. Damping installation according to claim 2 and 3, characterized in that a damping post (7) is arranged between the top section (1) and the. bottom section (2) featuring reinforcements above and below (10, 11) which each in itself are surrounded by damping material in the top as well as the bottom section.
5. Damping installation according to claim 4, characterized in that the upper reinforcement of the damping pots (7) is featured as wing head (11) arranged in a viscous liquid (5) in a container (4) in the top section (1).
6. Camping installation according to claim 5, characterized in that a neoprene damping (8) is arranged in a viscous liquid in the bottom section (4) of the container.
7. Damping installation according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that rupture of the ring (13) is .set off by an electro magnet (17) along a lever (16) the electrical impuls being transmitted by a seismograph.
8. Damping installation according to claim 7, characterized in that a roller (14) featured with grooves to receive the respective ends (13a, 13b) of the ring, is attached to where the lever (16) acts.
9. Damping installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the detachable connection between the top and bottom section (1, 2) contains a demolition chamber with an explosive responding to a known electrical detonator.
10. Damping installation according to claim 9, characterized in that the demolition chamber is installed to the ring (13).
EP82111891A 1981-12-23 1982-12-21 Damping device for buildings exposed to earthquakes Expired EP0084663B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82111891T ATE22954T1 (en) 1981-12-23 1982-12-21 DAMPING DEVICE FOR SEISMIC BUILDINGS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19813151011 DE3151011A1 (en) 1981-12-23 1981-12-23 DAMPING DEVICE FOR EARTHQUAKE HAZARDOUS BUILDING
DE3151011 1981-12-23

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0084663A2 EP0084663A2 (en) 1983-08-03
EP0084663A3 EP0084663A3 (en) 1984-05-16
EP0084663B1 true EP0084663B1 (en) 1986-10-15

Family

ID=6149519

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EP82111891A Expired EP0084663B1 (en) 1981-12-23 1982-12-21 Damping device for buildings exposed to earthquakes

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US (1) US4514942A (en)
EP (1) EP0084663B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE22954T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3151011A1 (en)
NZ (1) NZ202926A (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NZ202926A (en) 1986-06-11
EP0084663A3 (en) 1984-05-16
EP0084663A2 (en) 1983-08-03
US4514942A (en) 1985-05-07
DE3151011A1 (en) 1983-08-25
DE3273819D1 (en) 1986-11-20
ATE22954T1 (en) 1986-11-15

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