EP0084026A1 - Procede, dispositifs et application pour produire des emulsions par des sifflets a ultrasons. - Google Patents
Procede, dispositifs et application pour produire des emulsions par des sifflets a ultrasons.Info
- Publication number
- EP0084026A1 EP0084026A1 EP81902306A EP81902306A EP0084026A1 EP 0084026 A1 EP0084026 A1 EP 0084026A1 EP 81902306 A EP81902306 A EP 81902306A EP 81902306 A EP81902306 A EP 81902306A EP 0084026 A1 EP0084026 A1 EP 0084026A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- conduit
- liquid
- block
- conduits
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
- F23K5/02—Liquid fuel
- F23K5/08—Preparation of fuel
- F23K5/10—Mixing with other fluids
- F23K5/12—Preparing emulsions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F31/00—Mixers with shaking, oscillating, or vibrating mechanisms
- B01F31/80—Mixing by means of high-frequency vibrations above one kHz, e.g. ultrasonic vibrations
- B01F31/81—Mixing by means of high-frequency vibrations above one kHz, e.g. ultrasonic vibrations by vibrations generated inside a mixing device not coming from an external drive, e.g. by the flow of material causing a knife to vibrate or by vibrating nozzles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B17/00—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
- B05B17/04—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
- B05B17/06—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations
- B05B17/0692—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by a fluid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K5/00—Whistles
- G10K5/02—Ultrasonic whistles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and devices for producing emulsions by ultrasonic whistles.
- the technical sector of the invention is that of the construction of ultrasonic fluid mixing apparatuses for the purpose of obtaining emulsions or suspensions of a fluid, liquid or gaseous, in a liquid.
- ultrasonic fluid mixing apparatuses for the purpose of obtaining emulsions or suspensions of a fluid, liquid or gaseous, in a liquid.
- the finer the emulsion the larger the surface of the contact interface between the two fluids for the same unit volume, which has the effect of facilitating many chemical or combustion reactions.
- Devices have already been constructed composed of ultrasonic whistles of the Galton whistle type, or Hartmann whistles or whirlpool whistles, in which a fluid circulates at high speed in a nozzle or in a nozzle with converging or conical walls.
- ultrasonic devices composed of an assembly of identical elementary cells grouped by stacking along a common axis.
- These assemblies include active plates comprising cutouts which draw one or more elementary whistles, which plates are interposed between passive plates comprising only circular cutouts which determine channels by overlapping.
- Such ultrasound generators are described for example in patent FR 1,195,258 and certificate of addition No. 74,217 (J.P. BLANCHARD), in patent FR 1,377,577 (S.E.U.D.I.A.) and in patent FR. 1,489,704 (STIN).
- One objective of the present invention is to improve this type of generator apparatus 1 emulsions and in particular to facilitate the machining of parts used in the manufacture of these devices as well as replaces] used parts.
- Another objective is to provide emulsifying devices making it possible to vary the fineness of the emulsions within significant limits without varying the pressure of the fluids emulsified.
- the invention implements a method for producing an emulsion of a fluid, gaseous or liquid, and of a liquid according to which, in known manner, the fluid to be emulsified is injected, under pressure, into a conduit in which the liquid circulates under a pressure lower than that due to fluid, this injection taking place through ultrasonic whistles which open into said conduit through a slot.
- the objectives of the invention are achieved by a process according to which the size of the particles suspended in the emulsion is varied by 'varying the width of the slit, the pressure of the fluid and of the liquid remaining constant.
- a device comprises at least two parallel cylindrical conduits, a first conduit in which said fluid circulates under pressure and a second conduit in which said liquid circulates under a pressure lower than that of said fluid, which conduits communicate with each other by nozzles through which flows said fluid and which constitute ultrasonic whistles and said conduits communicate with each other by a corridor which extends over the entire length of the two conduits and which is delimited by two walls parallel to the generatrices of the two conduits which converge ⁇ gent towards each other going towards the second conduit where they are separated by a narrow slot and the device has, moreover, means for varying the width of said slot, so that said fluid which flows through said corridor producing ultrasound is divided into particles which are suspended in said liquid and by varying the width of the slot, the diameter of these particles is varied, the pressures of the fluid and of the liquid remaining constant.
- a device comprises a third cylindrical conduit disposed between the first and the second conduit comprising a longitudinal opening over its entire height by which it communicates with the second conduit and said corridor opens into said opening tangentially to the third. leads me, so that the fluid which leaves said passage through said narrow slot, swirls in this third conduit which acts as a resonance cavity, then escapes towards the second conduit through said opening by cutting the jet of fluid leaving said corridor.
- the body of a device comprises a first rectangular block, over the entire height of which is hollowed out a cavity which opens onto one of the side faces of said block and whose side walls comprise several cylindrical grooves parallel and said body comprises a second parallelepiped block which is assembled against said lateral face of the first block and which carries over its entire height at least one bevelled blade, made of a corrosion-resistant material, which engages in said cavity and which is machined with great precision along a horizontal profile yes cooperates with the horizontal section of said grooves and which delimits therewith at least three cylindrical conduits as well as a vertical opening which makes two conduits communicate with each other and a shaped corridor converging which leaves the first conduit and which opens into said opening through a slot.
- the beveled blades are each mounted on a movable block which slides between the side walls of said cavity which guide said movable block and each of said movable blocks has a threaded bore in which a micrometric screw is screwed which allows moving said block to vary the width of the slot.
- the invention results in novel means for producing industrially and continuously emulsions or suspensions of a fluid and a liquid.
- the suspended fluid can be a gas or a liquid immiscible with the other liquid.
- the methods and devices according to the invention have the advantage of making it possible to vary very easily the diameter of the particles in suspension, within a wide range, by using only mechanical displacement means, without having varying the pressure of the fluid or liquid.
- the inventors have discovered that the diameter of the particles in suspension varies as a function of the width of the slit according to a well-defined continuous law which can be established experimentally for each pair of fluid and liquid, which makes it possible to obtain a fineness d well defined emulsion.
- the fineness of the emulsion can be varied to find the emulsion which leads to the best results.
- Another advantage of the emulsifying devices according to the invention lies in the fact that the parts which constitute the walls of the ultrasonic whistles are inserts which can be machined separately with very high precision in a metal to be welded, which resists abrasion, for example of tungsten carbide, which is an expensive and difficult-to-machine metal, which makes it possible to reduce the expense of material and machining and to replace only the parts exposed to wear by the current of fluid to high speed which " circulates in the whistles.
- the structure of the apparatus according to the invention which comprises a single slot over the entire height of the apparatus, makes it possible to reduce the number of machining operations and above all obtain a slit including constructive-r - ⁇ r the edges are perfectly rectilinear and parallel and whose width is constant, which makes it possible to obtain over the entire height of the whistle ultrasonic frequencies which remain inside the same narrow band.
- the devices according to the invention can find applications in all cases where it is necessary or advantageous to produce an emulsion or a sus ⁇ pension of a fluid in a liquid.
- a liquid fuel for example before entering a burner or an internal combustion engine
- acid or basic bitumen emulsions used for road surfaces the production of edible oil emulsions and a gas, for example hydrogen, oxygen or water vapor, to purify the oil or to modify its composition, the saponification of the fatty substances which are first emulsified with steam, then mixed with alkaline solutions, etc.
- Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of an emulsifier block according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a horizontal section with a detachment according to II-II of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a view on a larger scale of a detail of FIG. 2.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the law of variation, at constant pressure, of the diameter of the emulsified particles, as a function of the width of the slot of a generator according to the invention.
- FIG. 5 represents an example of application of a device according to the invention as a fuel-saving corm on a boiler.
- Figure 1 is an exploded view of a foam concentrate device according to the invention.
- This device comprises a body made up of several parallelelse- ⁇ pedic blocks between them in a precisely adjusted way.
- the apparatus shown by way of example in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, comprises two parts symmetrical with respect to a median plane PP '. It is specified that a device according to the invention may not have two symmetrical halves as in the example illustrated.
- the apparatus shown in Figures 1 to 3 comprises a central block 1 over the entire height of which a cavity 2 is hollowed out.
- the cavity 2 opens onto one of the side faces 1a of the block 1.
- the side walls of the cavity 2 comprise, over their entire height, a pair of cylindrical grooves 3 and 4 and a pair of grooves 3a and 4a symmetrical with respect to the plane PP *.
- these grooves have the shape of open channels whose cross section is a portion of a circle.
- the grooves 3 and 3a have the shape of about 3/4 of a circle, while the cavities 4 and 4a have a cross section which draws an almost complete circle with the exception of an opening 5.
- the wall of the cavity 2 comprises an interchangeable wear part 6, 6a which is for example a strip of an abrasion resistant material, for example of tungsten carbide, which is fixed to the block 1 for example by a dovetail assembly visible in Figure 2 or by any other equivalent means.
- an interchangeable wear part 6, 6a which is for example a strip of an abrasion resistant material, for example of tungsten carbide, which is fixed to the block 1 for example by a dovetail assembly visible in Figure 2 or by any other equivalent means.
- the wall of the cavity 2 has for example the shape of an arc of a circle 7 symmetrical with respect to the plane PP '.
- This circular arc can be replaced by a flat wall perpendicular to the plane PP '.
- the cavity 2 is further delimited by two planes 8 and 8a, symmetrical with respect to the plane PP 'and perpendicular to the wall la, which serve to guide the sliding part 9 which engages in the cavity 2.
- the body of the device co ⁇ voorte a second rectangular block 10, which is fixed for example by bolts 11, or by any other equivalent means, against the face of the block 1.
- the block 10 carries on its face 10b, which is applied against the face, a piece Eobile-4 ⁇ which is a wearing part made of an extra-hard material, resistant to abrasion, for example tungsten carbide or ceramic or any other equivalent material.
- the part 9 is preferably divided into two independent parts 9a and 9b which are symmetrical with respect to the plane PP '.
- Each of the parts 9a and 9b has a threaded bore 12 and 12a, into which a micrometric screw 13 and 13a which screws through the block 10 and which carries a knurled head 14 and 14a allowing it to be maneuvered.
- the operation of the micrometric screws makes it possible to move the part 9 or the parts 9a and 9b inside the cavity 2.
- micrometric screws can be replaced by any other equivalent means making it possible to move the parts 9a and 9b in the cavity 2.
- the parts 9a and 9b each comprise a blade 15 and 15a cut in a bevel with curved sides and machined with very high precision of the order of 0.01 mm.
- the parts 9a and 9b each have a flat lateral face 16 and 16a which is machined with precision to come to engage with gentle friction between the planes 8 and 8a.
- the external flanks of the blades 15 and 15a each comprise a portion of an arc 17 and 17a of the order of a quarter circle having the same radius as the circular sections of the grooves 3 and 3a.
- the circular arcs 17 and 17a are extended to the point by a plane 18, 18a tangent to the circular arc.
- the profile in horizontal section has the shape of an arc 19, symmetrical with respect to the plane PP ', the concavity of which is directed towards the interior of the cavity 2.
- each of the planes 18 and 18a delimits, with the external face of the wearing parts 6 and 6a, a vertical corridor 20, 20a which leaves tangentially at the periphery of channels 3 and 3a.
- the external faces of the wearing parts 6 and 6a are substantially radial with respect to the circles 3 and 3a, while the planes 18 and 18a are tangential.
- the side walls of the corridors 20 and 20a converge towards one another and are separated at their end by a very narrow vertical slot 21, 21a, which extends over the entire height of the block 1.
- the figure 3 represents, on a larger scale, the relative position of a blade 15 relative to the cannelu ⁇ res 3 and 4 dug in the block 1.
- the corridor 20 delimited by two side walls, one fixed, constituted by the external face of the wearing part 6 and the other mobile, constituted by the plane 18.
- the fluid which arrives through the conduit 3 flows at supersonic speed through the slot 21, producing ultrasound.
- the path followed by the fluid which may be a gas or a liquid mixed with a carrier gas, has been represented by arrows.
- the two walls of the ultrasonic whistle are constituted by interchangeable wear parts and easy to machine with great precision, since they are separated from the body of the device.
- the geometry of the wear part 6 and the groove 4 are such that the jet leaving the slot 21 tangentially enters the channel 4 through the opening 5 and it rotates at high speed around the cavity to come out through the opening 5 and enter the central duct 25 which is delimited by arches 7 and 19.
- the cavity 4 constitutes a resonance chamber which has the effect of amplifying the vibrations, the period of which corresponds to the time that the jet takes to go around the cavity 4 and to intersect the jet leaving the slot 21. .--, .T -— r-- It can be seen in FIG. 3 that, depending on the position of the movable part 9a, the arc 17 has a slight detachment 22 relative to the wall of the groove 3. This unhinged ent has no influence on the operation because the tangential components of the speed of the fluid in the conduit 3 are small.
- the body of the apparatus further comprises a cover 23 which is also a parallelepipedal block which is fixed against the end face 1b of block 1, for example by a tail assembly dovetail 24 or by any other equivalent fixing means.
- the block 23 comprises a central vertical duct 26 which comes into alignment above the central duct
- the duct 26 is connected to a duct 27 for the arrival of pressurized liquid, for example a duct for liquid fuel in a particular application where an apparatus according to the invention is used for mixing liquid fuel to combustion air before entering a burner.
- the cover block 23 also includes two conduits 28 and 28a which are placed in alignment with the grooves 3 and 3a, with which they communicate. Conduits 28 and 28a are connected to arrivals
- 29 and 29a of compressed fluid which can be a ga ⁇ zous fluid or a liquid mixed with a carrier gas.
- the conduits 29 and 29a supply the combustion air. This fluid is under a higher pressure than that of the liquid admitted into line 27.
- the body of the device further comprises a fourth rectangular block 30 which serves as a base or bottom.
- This block is fixed to the end wall opposite to the wall 1b, for example by an aron-tail assembly of 31 or by any other equivalent means.
- the block 30 comprises a central duct 32 which is placed in alignment with the central duct 25 with which it communicates.
- the conduit 32 has the shape of a conical nozzle which converges towards a conduit 33 for emulsion outlet. This preferably, as seen in Figure 1, the conduit 32 has at the periphery of its upper edge, two circular cavities 34 and 34a which are positioned in alignment with the grooves 4 and 4a.
- the cover 23 may further comprise two conduits which pass right through it to end at the upper end of the grooves 4 and 4a and which make it possible to inject addition products, for example stabilizers for an emulsion.
- an apparatus according to FIG. 1, which comprises two fluid inlets 29 and 29a, makes it possible to inject therein, two different fluids and to obtain a double emulsion of two fluids in the same liquid.
- the operation of an apparatus according to the invention is as follows.
- the pressurized fluids which enter the apparatus through the conduits 29 and 29a pass through the conduits 3 and 3a, from where they exit at high speed by the ultrasonic whistles, constituted by the converging wall corridors 20 and 20a.
- the jets of fluid leaving the whistles swirl in the circular conduits 4 and 4a and arrive in the central conduit 25 where a liquid circulates which enters the device through the conduit 27.
- the pressure of the liquid is lower than that of the fluid , the pressure of which exceeds that of the liquid, for example by 5 bars.
- the fluid is sprayed by the ultrasonic jet into very fine particles which are suspended in the liquid.
- FIG. 4 represents diagrams which have been drawn up experimentally.
- the particle diameter is 2 ⁇ and the frequency of 7000 Hz.
- the diameter of particles is 0.1 ⁇ and the frequency of 9000 Hz.
- the diameter of the particles is 0.05 u and the frequency of 1400 Hz.
- the curve in solid lines corresponds to another set of measures.
- the variations in the diameter of the particles as a function of the width of the slit are substantially linear for slit widths between 0.1 mm and 1 mm which is the useful range, which makes it possible to vary the fineness of the emulsion very quickly by mechanical adjustments and to obtain a fineness of emulsion determined by acting on the micrometric screws 14 and 14a.
- the device according to FIGS. 1 and 2 which comprises two blades 15 and 15a which can be moved separately makes it possible to fix two different widths for the slots 21 and 21a and to obtain an emulsion comprising particles in suspension having two different dimensions.
- the devices according to the invention can be used for many industrial applications whose exhaustive enumeration is not possible.
- a liquid fuel for example fuel oil or petrol
- an oxidizing gas which mixture is produced in the form of a very fine emulsion by passage through a device according to the invention which is arranged upstream of a burner or on the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine.
- FIG. 5 represents an example of use of a device 35 according to the invention.
- Reference 36 represents a domestic boiler equipped with a burner 37 of liquid fuel.
- the device 35 is arranged upstream of the burner and the emulsion leaving the device 35 directly feeds the burner rod.
- Reference 38 represents an air compressor which sends compressed air, pj example under a pressure of 3 to 5 bars, towards the pipelines 29 and 29a for gas inlet into the device 35.
- the reference 39 represents a pump which sends the liquid fuel in the pipe 27 for the liquid inlet into the foam concentrate 35.
- a device according to the invention can find applications in all cases where it is advantageous to multiply the interfaces between two or more immiscible liquid phases or between gas phases and liquid phases in order to accelerate chemical reactions or interactions and / or physical between these phases.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT81902306T ATE12462T1 (de) | 1981-07-28 | 1981-07-28 | Verfahren, vorrichtung und anwendung zur herstellung von emulsionen mit ultraschallpfeifen. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1981/000106 WO1983000446A1 (fr) | 1981-07-28 | 1981-07-28 | Procede, dispositifs et application pour produire des emulsions par des sifflets a ultrasons |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0084026A1 true EP0084026A1 (fr) | 1983-07-27 |
EP0084026B1 EP0084026B1 (fr) | 1985-04-03 |
Family
ID=8164823
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP81902306A Expired EP0084026B1 (fr) | 1981-07-28 | 1981-07-28 | Procede, dispositifs et application pour produire des emulsions par des sifflets a ultrasons |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0084026B1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU7455481A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE3169678D1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1983000446A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4101303A1 (de) * | 1991-01-17 | 1992-07-30 | Guenter Poeschl | Anordnung zur druckzerstaeubung von fluessigem brennstoff und verfahren dafuer |
RU2268772C1 (ru) * | 2004-12-21 | 2006-01-27 | Закрытое Акционерное Общество "Вектор" | Способ тепломассоэнергообмена и устройство для его осуществления |
EP2260934B1 (fr) * | 2008-03-28 | 2016-02-17 | ARKRAY, Inc. | Procédé et système d'agitation de fluide |
WO2013119138A1 (fr) * | 2012-02-10 | 2013-08-15 | Норфолда Лимитед | Appareil de dégradation du pétrole dans un trou de forage |
RU2658057C1 (ru) * | 2017-09-11 | 2018-06-19 | Эль-Гадбан Илья Шакиб | Устройство для тепломассоэнергообмена |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR873523A (fr) * | 1940-05-20 | 1942-07-10 | Hermes Patentverwertungs Gmbh | Dispositif pour produire des oscillations sonores ou ultra-sonores dans les liquides |
US2532229A (en) * | 1946-02-21 | 1950-11-28 | Ultrasonic Corp | Acoustic device |
FR1377577A (fr) * | 1963-09-28 | 1964-11-06 | Utilisation De Dechets Ind Et | émulsions de fluides liquides dans des gaz soumis à des vibrations ultrasonores etréactions chimiques obtenues au moyen de ces émulsions |
FR1449728A (fr) * | 1965-06-09 | 1966-05-06 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Perfectionnements aux générateurs de sons et ultra-sons |
-
1981
- 1981-07-28 WO PCT/EP1981/000106 patent/WO1983000446A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1981-07-28 EP EP81902306A patent/EP0084026B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1981-07-28 AU AU74554/81A patent/AU7455481A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1981-07-28 DE DE8181902306T patent/DE3169678D1/de not_active Expired
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO8300446A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3169678D1 (en) | 1985-05-09 |
AU7455481A (en) | 1983-02-22 |
WO1983000446A1 (fr) | 1983-02-17 |
EP0084026B1 (fr) | 1985-04-03 |
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