EP0083141A2 - Dispositif pour l'étude du sol - Google Patents

Dispositif pour l'étude du sol Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0083141A2
EP0083141A2 EP82201654A EP82201654A EP0083141A2 EP 0083141 A2 EP0083141 A2 EP 0083141A2 EP 82201654 A EP82201654 A EP 82201654A EP 82201654 A EP82201654 A EP 82201654A EP 0083141 A2 EP0083141 A2 EP 0083141A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
soil
driving
sounding
head
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP82201654A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0083141B1 (fr
EP0083141A3 (en
Inventor
Arie Pieter Van Den Berg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CESSIONE;OSERCO B.V.
Original Assignee
INGENIEURSBUREAU A P VAN DEN BERG BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by INGENIEURSBUREAU A P VAN DEN BERG BV filed Critical INGENIEURSBUREAU A P VAN DEN BERG BV
Priority to AT82201654T priority Critical patent/ATE45778T1/de
Publication of EP0083141A2 publication Critical patent/EP0083141A2/fr
Publication of EP0083141A3 publication Critical patent/EP0083141A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0083141B1 publication Critical patent/EP0083141B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D1/00—Investigation of foundation soil in situ
    • E02D1/02—Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work
    • E02D1/022—Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work by investigating mechanical properties of the soil
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D11/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for both placing and removing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, or mould-pipes

Definitions

  • a tube is driven substantially vertically into the soil, which tube, at or near its lower extremity, is constructed either as a sounding tube, in which case it is provided with means for determining the resistance against displacement, e.g. in the form of a so-called sounding cone and/or sounding sleeve, or as a sampling tool by means of which a sample of the soil can be taken in order to be investigated in a laboratory.
  • a device which is generally arranged in a vehicle, comprising a yoke which is to be brought into engagement with the upper extremity of the tube, which yoke is coupled with the pistons of the two pressure medium cylinders which are arranged at both sides of the tube.
  • the yoke is moved upwards again, and another tube is connected to the former tube by means of a screw-thread connection, and then the tube is pressed further downwards.
  • the force required therefor can be derived from the pressure of the pressure medium (generally oil).
  • this force is generally determined by means of a transducer provided between the sounding tube and the yoke, and, on the other hand, force sensors are often arranged in the lower end part, which are adapted to produce an electrical signal which is a measure for the resistance met with, and which can be processed further at the surface.
  • a pulling head is mounted on the yoke, which is adapted to engage the tube in such a manner that, by means of said yoke, a pulling force can be exerted on the tube.
  • a pulling head can, for instance, comprise a conical inner wall and a plurality of balls arranged in several layers within a cage, the diameter of said balls in the different layers being such that, if a tube is inserted through said cage with balls, the conical wall surface uniformly presses said balls against the tube surface, so that the pulling force will be transferred onto the tube.
  • the device according to the invention is characterised in that the driving means for the tube grip around said tube substantially coaxially.
  • said driving means comprise a single cylinder having a piston and associated piston rod which are made hollow, and this in such a manner that the tube can be led through the interior thereof, said piston rod being connected to a head by means of which the pressing and pulling forces .can be transferred on the tube.
  • This unitary construction without a yoke provides a substantial simplification in respect of the known constructions with two cylinders, and,furthermore, leadsto substantially smaller dimensions, and, moreover, a pressure acting on the tube in an accurately axial direction is ensured.
  • the driving means comprise at least one unit consisting of a pair of mutually oppositely arranged driving wheels with a concave rim profile adapted to the shape of the tube to be driven, at least one of said wheels of such a unit being connected to a driving motor, in particular a hydraulic motor, and,in particular, several units can be superposed-along the tube, means being provided in each unit for driving the wheels towards one another so as to increase the clamping force.
  • the tube can be driven continuously itself, hnt it is also possible to drive thereby an auxiliary tube which is provided with means adapted to be brought into engagement with the tube to be driven into the soil, and corresponding to the means used in the first embodiment.
  • a special coupling element is used which is arranged in a horizontal sliding guide connected to the driving means, so as to allow this element to be slid away laterally for clearing the passage for a tube, and this element can be constructed as a pressing or pulling head respectively, said guide being adapted to allow the replacement of a pressing head by a pulling head and vice versa.
  • the pressure head can be provided with a rotatable fitting with two bores of a different diameter, the narrower one forming an abutment shoulder for the upper extremity of the upper tube section but allowing the inner rod to pass so as to bring said inner rod into engagement with a superposed force meter, whereas the wider bore also passes the sounding tube so that the latter itself will, then, engage said force meter.
  • the lateral friction in the soil along the sounding tube can be measured.
  • a special pulling head comprising a sleeve surrounding the tube in which a plurality of slightly upwardly inclined strips of metal or the like are arranged having,.at their free extremity, a concave rounding adapted to the tube periphery.
  • the extension tube sections are preferably provided with inner rods which are secured against falling out, this in contrast to the known constructions.
  • a pressing or pulling head resp. is to be used which is provided with recesses for passing a measuring cord. Furthermore it can be advisable to arrange the current source for.the measuring circuit in the lower part, and then, in particular, the inner rods of the sounding tubes sections can be used as a conductor for signal circuits, said inner rods being provided with coupling means adapted to interconnect adjacent rods electrically; the contact resistance between the various inner rod sections will, then, have no influence on the signal available at the transducers. The time-consuming and troublesome stringing of the sounding tubes on an electric cable is, then, superfluous.
  • modulated radiation can be used, and then, in the lower portion of the sounding tube, a radiation source, in particular a laser diode, and in the upper end portion of this tube a photo-diode or the like will be arranged.
  • the inner tube diameter is, preferably, chosen as large as is compatible with the strength of the tube so as to keep free a direct radiation path even in the case of bending of the tube. It is also possible to polish the inner wall so as to allow, if necessary, radiation transmission by reflection, but then care should be taken to avoid disturbing signal broadening by transit time differences, e.g. by a suitable choise of the modulation shape or by screening off undesired radiation directions near the photo-diode.
  • a memory in which the measurement results can be stored, which can be read out later after retraction of the sounding tubes, and a timing signal should, then,, be recorded, allowing to correlate the measurements with the insertion depths recorded at the surface.
  • a memory besides a usual electronic memory, also a small tape recorder with micro-cassettes can be used.
  • Such a tube can also be constructed as a soil sample cutter, an improvement being obtained by accommodating the usual hose,used for reducing the friction between the soil sample and the tube wall, in a chamber surrounding the sample space of the tube, said chamber being situated between the cutting mouth at the lower extremity of the tube and the exit slot between said chamber and the sample space, so that the hose provided in this chamber can be pulled straightly upwards through the slot, intrusion of soil particles into said chamber being hampered, and damaging the hose in the slot being avoided then, so that the use of a supporting liquid,as is required in the current soil sample cutters in which the hose is deflected by 180 0 in the slot,will be superfluous.
  • Such a device for driving a tube into the soil should be directed vertically as well as possible.
  • hydraulically actuated jacks can be used by means of which the carrier of the device, in particular a vehicle, can be supported.
  • an inclination sensor is used then, consisting of a housing filled with oil in which an electrically conductive body is resiliently supported, which body will contact electrical contacts provided around the circumference as soon as the housing is not directed exactly vertically, which body and contacts are included in a control circuit for the pressure medium supply.
  • Inclination meters to be provided in sounding tubes adapted to measure the inclination of the tube,so as to correlate the inclination with the depth measurement are known per se.
  • inclination meters have not yet been used.
  • the sensor according to the invention allows to direct the device in a fast and precise manner.
  • Fig. 1 a first embodiment of the device according to the invention is diagrammatically shown, which device is intended for pressing a tube 1 into the soil and, respectively,pulling it therefrom again, which tube is, in particular, a sounding tube.
  • This device comprises an annular cylinder space 2 defined between an outer wall 3 and a coaxial inner wall 4, the inner wall 4 defining a space 5 in which the tube 1 fits with some play.
  • annular piston 6 sealingly contracting the walls 3 and 4 by means of sealing rings ? is slidable.
  • This piston 6 is connected to a tubular piston rod 8 guided by means of seals 9 in a cap 10 closing the space 2.
  • a flange 11 is mounted on which a horizontal sliding guide 12 is provided in which a rim 13 of a pressing head 14 to be described below is horizontally slidable, so that, when sliding away this head, the inner space 5 of the inner wall 4 becomes accessible from above so as to insert a tube 1 into it, which tube can be an extension tube which can be screwed on another tube section 1 already pressed downwards.
  • the piston 6 is shown in its lowest position, and can be moved upwards by supplying a pressure medium, e.g. oil, the stroke length corresponding to the length of the tube sections from which the tube 1 is to be assembled.
  • a pressure medium e.g. oil
  • another tube section can be introduced into the space 5 and screwed on the preceding tube section, after which the head 14 can be slid back so that it can be brought into engagement with the upper extremity of the tube.
  • the pressure medium will be supplied to the upper side of the piston 6 so as to press the tube 1 further into the soil.
  • the cylinder wall 3 is mounted in a foot 15 which is immobilised in respect of the soil in a manner not shown.
  • This foot is, for instance, mounted on a sufficiently heavy vehicle, but can also be fixed by means of ground anchors or the like. The latter will be the case if the device is constructed as a portable one which is adapted for being used in inaccessible places (e.g. in a basement or the like).
  • Such a device requires little space, since only one cylinder without a bridge piece is used. Only the guide 12 is laterally protruding, but can be relatively short.
  • the pressure medium source can be mounted separately from the device, and can be coupled thereto by means of pressure hoses.
  • a pulling head 17 In order to retract a tube 1 pressed into the soil, the rim 16 of a pulling head 17 according to Fig. 2 can be slid into the guide 12.
  • a plurality of lips 13 made of hard steel or the like which are fixed at a slight upward inclination in the wall of the head 17, and are provided, at their free extremity, with a recess with a rounded boundary edge having a curvature which corresponds to that of the external surface of a tube 1.
  • the number of lips 18 depends on the width thereof, the depth of the recess, and the required force.
  • Fig. 3 a cross-section of a special embodiment of the pressure head 14 is shown, which serves, at the same time, as a force meter.
  • the tube 1 comprises an inner rod 20 which is guided slidably in the tube 1, and is, at the lower end, connected to a measuring cone or the like for determining the soil resistance.
  • Each extension tube section is provided with such a rod 20, and the end faces of adjacent rods 20 can contact each other.
  • each rod is provided with one or more rings 21 which can abut against a corresponding shoulder 22 in the tube section 1 in question so as to prevent falling out.
  • a piston 23 is situated, against which the rod 20 of the uppermost tube section will bear when the head is pressed on the tube section.
  • the space 24 above the piston 23 communicates, by means of a fitting 25, with a pressure meter or force transducer,not shown,for measuring the force acting on the rod 20.
  • the end face of the tube 1 bears on a shoulder 26 which is in a fixed position in respect of the head.
  • This shoulder forms a part of a rotatable insert 27, and is defined by a through bore 28 in said insert through which the rod 20 extends upwards.
  • a second wider bore 29 is formed in the insert. If the insert 27 is turned 90 0 by means of a handle 30, the wider bore 29 is positioned in alignment with the tube 1. This bore is wider than the tube 1 so that, then, the end face of the tube 1 will bear against the piston 23. This position will be used if, for instance, the adhesion force exerted on the tube 1 by the soil is to be measured.
  • Fig. 4 shows an other embodiment of the device of the invention for pressing a tube into the soil.
  • This device comprises at least one unit 31, but, if required, a plurality thereof can be superposed.
  • Each unit comprises a pair of wheels 32 and 33 with an outer rim of substantially semicircular cross-section, which wheels thus define a substantially circular cavity 34 in which a tube to be driven will fit.
  • the wheel rims can be roughened or can be provided with a friction covering in order to increase the grip on such a tube.
  • the wheel 33 is contained in a yoke 35 coupled to a pressure medium cylinder 36 by means of which this yoke can be pressed against the other wheel 32 so as to improve the grip on the interposed tube still more.
  • the shaft 37 of the wheel 32 is coupled to a hydraulic motor 38 adapted to drive the wheel 38. If a larger driving force is desired, also the shaft 39 of the wheel 33 can be coupled to a motor 40. The driving force can be increased still further by increasing the number of units 31.
  • Such a unit can, for instance, be used to drive a tube 1 directly so as to obtain a substantially continuous drive. Coupling extension tube sections can take place during driving. It is, however, also possible to use such a unit for driving a tube corresponding to the piston rod 6 of Fig. 1, adapted to connect thereto a pressing head 14 and/or a pulling head 17.
  • a pressure head 14 with a force meter instead of a pressure head 14 with a force meter according to Fig. 3, other force measuring apparatuses can be used, in particular measuring cones or the like with electrical force transducers.
  • a simple pressing head without measuring bodies can be used, but, then, said head should be provided with a recess for passing the measuring cord.
  • the measuring cord is to be stringed through all the tube sections to be used since the use of extension cords with contact plugs and sockets would lead to too high contact resistances.
  • pressing heads constructed in a different manner can be used instead which, if desired, can be constructed as a pulling head too.
  • Such measuring cords are, by their nature, troublesome.
  • the invention provides a number of possibilities allowing to work without such measuring cords.
  • a central rod 20 can be used instead of a measuring cord, which rod needs not to be slidable, and can be provided, at an extremity, with a fitting 41 in which the extremity of the rod 20' of an adjoining tube section will fit more or less tightly so as-to obtain an electrical connection, and the tube sections 1 themselves serve as a return conductor. It can, then, be advisable to arrange the current source 22 for the measuring circuit near the transducer 43 in the lower part of the tube 1, so as to ensure a sufficient voltage near the transducer 43 independent of the contact resistance in the couplings between the rods 20'.
  • the transducer 43 can be provided with a circuit which is adapted to transform the measurement results into suitable measurement signals, e.g. in digital form.
  • the transducer 43 can be connected to a radiation source 44, e.g. a laser diode, which can send directed radiation through the interior of the tube, and at the upper extremity of the tube 1 a radiation receiver, e.g. a photo-diode, will be arranged.
  • a radiation source 44 e.g. a laser diode
  • a radiation receiver e.g. a photo-diode
  • the tube 1 is, preferably, made as wide as is compatible with the strength of the tube, so as to maintain an unimpeded passage for the radiation even in the case of bending of the tube.
  • Fig. 5C shows still another solution in which the transducer 43 is coupled to a memory 45 in which the measurement results can be stored. After the tube is retracted again, the measurement results can be read out from said memory. Timing signals should be recorded then at the same time so as to allow to relate the measurements to the-insertion depth which is continuously recorded above ground, this also with the associated timing signals.
  • a memory can, for instance, be formed by a small tape recorder with micro-cassettes.
  • Such a tube 1 can also be constructed as a sample cutter for taking soil samples. It is usual to counteract disturbation of the soil samples by wall friction by enclosing the sample by a hose.
  • This hose is provided, in the known samplers, in an annular chamber surrounding the tube cavity into which the sample is inserted, and then the hose can enter the central bore at the lower end of this chamber through an annular slot, and the hose is closed there so that a penetrating sample pulls the hose along. Bending the hose around the edge of this slot, however, can lead to damage, and also soil particles can penetrate into this chamber. Therefore sometimes a so-called supporting liquid will be used which is supplied to the hose chamber and facilitates pulling the hose through the slot and, moreover, keeps soil particles out of this chamber. Furthermore this liquid acts as a lubricant for the hose.
  • such a cutting tube can be made in a simple manner as shown in Fig. 6, in which the hose chamber 46 is situated between the cutting mouth 4? at the extremity of the tube 1 and an exit slot 48 for the hose 49, so that the hose can be pulled substantially linearly from the chamber 46. Damaging the hose in the slot 48 is prevented then, and, moreover, penetration of soil particles is prevented. A supporting liquid can, then, be omitted, which considerably simplifies the construction of the over-all device.
  • the device In order to drive the tube 1 correctly vertically into the soil, the device should be directed vertically as well as possible.
  • a device mounted on a vehicle generally jack cylinders will be used having piston rods provided with foot plates which can be driven outwards by a pressure medium such as oil for relieving the springs of the vehicle, and,, by a separate pressure medium supply towards the different cylinders,the floor of the vehicle can be horizontally adjusted.
  • a special sensor shown in Fig. 7 is preferably used.
  • This sensor comprises a substantially cylindrical housing 50 filled with oil, in which a float 51 of insulating material is provided which, by means of a spring 52, is kept in the centre when the housing 50 is directed vertically.
  • electrical contacts 53 are provided adapted to contact the float 51 as soon as the housing 50 has been removed somewhat from the vertical orientation.
  • the spring 52 is, with these electrical contacts, included in a control circuit by means of which, in correspondence with the orientation of the float, the pressure medium supply towards the different jacks can be regulated. A fast, automatic and accurate orientation of the device can be obtained thereby.
  • the device according to the invention can also be used for driving a drainage tape into the ground by means of a protecting tube which is finally retracted again, leaving a a wedge-shaped driving end piece to which the tape is attached in the soil.
  • the embodiments allowing a continuous driving force to be exerted are particularly suitable for sounding purposes, as an interrupted movement of a sounding tube may influence the measurement results.
  • the driving motors 38 and 40 can, of course also be electric motors,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
EP82201654A 1981-12-26 1982-12-23 Dispositif pour l'étude du sol Expired EP0083141B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82201654T ATE45778T1 (de) 1981-12-26 1982-12-23 Vorrichtung fuer bodenuntersuchung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL8105859 1981-12-26
NL8105859A NL8105859A (nl) 1981-12-26 1981-12-26 Inrichting voor bodemonderzoek.

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0083141A2 true EP0083141A2 (fr) 1983-07-06
EP0083141A3 EP0083141A3 (en) 1985-01-09
EP0083141B1 EP0083141B1 (fr) 1989-08-23

Family

ID=19838618

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82201654A Expired EP0083141B1 (fr) 1981-12-26 1982-12-23 Dispositif pour l'étude du sol

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0083141B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS58135935A (fr)
AT (1) ATE45778T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1200118A (fr)
DE (1) DE3279902D1 (fr)
FI (1) FI824391L (fr)
HK (1) HK87792A (fr)
IN (1) IN161018B (fr)
NL (1) NL8105859A (fr)
NO (1) NO161229C (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2243173A (en) * 1990-03-27 1991-10-23 Seafloors Eng Inc Self-contained apparatus and method for determining the static and dynamic loading characteristics of a soil bed
US5127261A (en) * 1990-03-27 1992-07-07 Fugro-Mcclelland Leasing, Inc. Self-contained apparatus and method for determining the static and dynamic loading characteristics of a soil bed
CN101813576A (zh) * 2010-05-04 2010-08-25 张龙云 间歇式取土器
CN113358402A (zh) * 2021-06-04 2021-09-07 中国煤炭地质总局第一勘探局科教中心 一种用于工程地质勘探便于展开的土壤取样管

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115615741B (zh) * 2022-12-01 2023-03-10 江苏龙环环境科技有限公司 用于环保检测的可调式土壤取样装置及其使用方法

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2774240A (en) * 1951-04-09 1956-12-18 Fur Grundwasserbauten Ag Soil testing apparatus
US3331240A (en) * 1965-02-19 1967-07-18 Ingenjors Yonelloch Nilsson Fa Apparatus for driving a rod into the ground for determining soil qualities at different depths
US3379052A (en) * 1965-09-20 1968-04-23 Earle A. Howard Soil penetrometer
FR2018186A1 (en) * 1968-09-16 1970-05-29 Shell Int Research Measuring subsurface soil resistance
US3960448A (en) * 1975-06-09 1976-06-01 Trw Inc. Holographic instrument for measuring stress in a borehole wall
DE2545692A1 (de) * 1975-10-11 1977-04-14 Dornier System Gmbh Bohreinrichtung, insbesondere tiefbohreinrichtung
US4033186A (en) * 1976-08-06 1977-07-05 Don Bresie Method and apparatus for down hole pressure and temperature measurement

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2774240A (en) * 1951-04-09 1956-12-18 Fur Grundwasserbauten Ag Soil testing apparatus
US3331240A (en) * 1965-02-19 1967-07-18 Ingenjors Yonelloch Nilsson Fa Apparatus for driving a rod into the ground for determining soil qualities at different depths
US3379052A (en) * 1965-09-20 1968-04-23 Earle A. Howard Soil penetrometer
FR2018186A1 (en) * 1968-09-16 1970-05-29 Shell Int Research Measuring subsurface soil resistance
US3960448A (en) * 1975-06-09 1976-06-01 Trw Inc. Holographic instrument for measuring stress in a borehole wall
DE2545692A1 (de) * 1975-10-11 1977-04-14 Dornier System Gmbh Bohreinrichtung, insbesondere tiefbohreinrichtung
US4033186A (en) * 1976-08-06 1977-07-05 Don Bresie Method and apparatus for down hole pressure and temperature measurement

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2243173A (en) * 1990-03-27 1991-10-23 Seafloors Eng Inc Self-contained apparatus and method for determining the static and dynamic loading characteristics of a soil bed
US5125266A (en) * 1990-03-27 1992-06-30 Fugro-Mcclelland Leasing, Inc. Self-contained apparatus and method for determining the static and dynamic loading characteristics of a soil bed
US5127261A (en) * 1990-03-27 1992-07-07 Fugro-Mcclelland Leasing, Inc. Self-contained apparatus and method for determining the static and dynamic loading characteristics of a soil bed
GB2243173B (en) * 1990-03-27 1994-06-29 Seafloors Eng Inc Self-contained apparatus and method for determining the static and dynamic loading characteristics of a soil bed
US5339679A (en) * 1990-03-27 1994-08-23 Fugro-Mcclelland Leasing, Inc. Self-contained apparatus and method for determining the static and dynamic loading characteristics of a soil bed
CN101813576A (zh) * 2010-05-04 2010-08-25 张龙云 间歇式取土器
CN101813576B (zh) * 2010-05-04 2011-12-28 张龙云 间歇式取土器
CN113358402A (zh) * 2021-06-04 2021-09-07 中国煤炭地质总局第一勘探局科教中心 一种用于工程地质勘探便于展开的土壤取样管

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HK87792A (en) 1992-11-20
NO824323L (no) 1983-06-28
EP0083141B1 (fr) 1989-08-23
EP0083141A3 (en) 1985-01-09
FI824391L (fi) 1983-06-27
ATE45778T1 (de) 1989-09-15
CA1200118A (fr) 1986-02-04
FI824391A0 (fi) 1982-12-21
NL8105859A (nl) 1983-07-18
DE3279902D1 (en) 1989-09-28
JPS58135935A (ja) 1983-08-12
NO161229C (no) 1989-07-19
NO161229B (no) 1989-04-10
IN161018B (fr) 1987-09-12

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