EP0082881A1 - Douille et balle pour munitions - Google Patents

Douille et balle pour munitions

Info

Publication number
EP0082881A1
EP0082881A1 EP19820902558 EP82902558A EP0082881A1 EP 0082881 A1 EP0082881 A1 EP 0082881A1 EP 19820902558 EP19820902558 EP 19820902558 EP 82902558 A EP82902558 A EP 82902558A EP 0082881 A1 EP0082881 A1 EP 0082881A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bullet
case
invention defined
powder
casing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19820902558
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Joseph J. Palcher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0082881A1 publication Critical patent/EP0082881A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
    • F42B5/067—Mounting or locking missiles in cartridge cases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/26—Cartridge cases
    • F42B5/30—Cartridge cases of plastics, i.e. the cartridge-case tube is of plastics

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements in bullet casings and bullets for firearms.
  • the standard ammunition for rifles and handguns has consisted of a shell consisting of a case in tubular form.
  • a bullet commonly made of lead, is inserted into one end of the tubular case, and the other end of the case, which normally has a smaller inside diameter, houses a percussion responsive cap, or primer.
  • the propellent is disposed within the case between the primer and the bullet.
  • a dividing wall extends across the interior of the casing just forward of the primer, and communication between the primer and the explosive powder is afforded through an opening in that dividing wall. In rim fire ammunition, no dividing wall is necessary.
  • the case is ordinarily provided with conformations, usually an annular recess around the circumference of the casing toward its rear, which are eraployed to facilitate ejection of spent shells and sometimes in connectionwith loading of the shell into the firing chamber.
  • conformations usually an annular recess around the circumference of the casing toward its rear, which are eraployed to facilitate ejection of spent shells and sometimes in connectionwith loading of the shell into the firing chamber.
  • the requirement for simplicity in manufacture, long shelf life, dimensional stability, and other factors, lee co the almost universal adoption of brass as the casing material.
  • the configuration of the shell casing is fairly complex. It is generally tubular. It has a transverse dividing wall perforated with a circular central opening. The inner diameter at the rearward side is less than the inner diameter at the forward side of that transverse wall. Brass is sufficiently maleable and stable and corrosion resistant to have become the standard.
  • brass casings are expensive, both because the components of brass are a relatively scarce resource and because the cost of processing brass into the required shape is relatively expensive. They are sufficiently expensive so that it is customary to retrieve spent shell casings and to recase them in manufacture of the ammunition.
  • polymeric materials are substituted for the brass and, in some preferred embodiments, the bullet itself is partially formed of a polymeric material.
  • the transistion from brass to polymeric material is not merely one of substitution. It is advantageous to retain the basic casing structure so that plastic encased ammunition can be employed in existing firearms using existing loading and ejecting mechanisms and firing pins, and the like. It is equally advantageous, and the preferred embodiment does so, to retain the basic internal structure of the brass casing to take advantage of the availability of existing primers and bullets.
  • the brass shell is rigid and hard. Its side wall is very thin, and the whole is relatively inelastic.
  • Shell casings are fabricated with polymeric materials that exhibit high degrees of elongation without failure, relatively high degrees of flexibility, and different shapes.
  • the amount of the power load is controlled by controlling the wall thickness to adjust the size of the powder cavity.
  • the color of the casing material is varied to serve as a code to identify ammunition according to its characteristics.
  • the important features of the invention lie in the inclusion of means by which the bullet is limited to an appropriate degree of insertion in the casing, by which the primer is retained in place, and by the inclusion of an improved means for retaining the bullet within the casing.
  • the means by which the bullet and primer are located relative to the casing and retained in place is accomplished with a conformation integrally formed with the casing on its inner surface.
  • the preferred means for retaining the primer employs an inwardly extending flange at the rim of the casing about the cavity in which the primer is disposed. In preferred form, that flange is segmented around its periphery to facilitate distortion of the flange to permit insertion of the primer.
  • the flange regains its shape and serves to retain the primer.
  • a similar construction is employed at the forward rim of the casing for the purpose of retaining the bullet within the casing.
  • the flange extends inwardly at the rim of the casing and, in pre ferred form, is segmented to facilitate its distortion to permit insertion of the bullet.
  • Segmentation is not necessary, and, indeed, is not preferred in those circumstances in which the bullet locating conformation is accomplished by an annular ring formed on the inner surface of the casing along the length of the powder and shell cavity of the casing.
  • the bullet is provided with a complementary annular groove.
  • Such a ring serves both as a locater and a retaining element.
  • both the ring and the flange are employed.
  • a retention system that is particularly useful in the case of bullets made of relatively soft material is provided by arranging the inner surface of the casing at the forward end of the powder and bullet cavity with a number of inwardly ex tending projections. Those projections need be no more than pyrimidally shaped projections, or the like, or to have a form similar to screw threads, so that the bullet can be locked in place by twisting it after insertion.
  • the invention provides a bullet at least the outer peripheral portion of which, and the rear portion of which, are formed of a polymeric material whose characteristics are similar to those of the casing itself. That is, they are required to have high strength, be flame resistant, and to withstand elongation in considerable degree.
  • a bullet can be made entirely of plastic, although in most applications, it will be preferable to have a greater mass than is feasible to provide in an all plastic bullet.
  • the polymeric portions of the bullet will surround a metallic core that, in most cases, will extend forwardly of its plastic enclosure.
  • Another major advantage of the shell provided by the invention lies in the fact that the polymeric casing can be applied to ammunition of the form that has its casing necked down at the forward end. That configuration is common in ammunition for rifles where it is desired to employ a relatively large volume of explosive powder within the casing without unduly elongating the shell. Shells of that configuration are relatively common, and many existing firearms have ammunition chambers designed to accommodate such ammunition.
  • the invention provides a shell for such ammunition which comprises several portions which are fabricated independently and then bonded together to form a completed casing.
  • the preferred casing material is a polymer, a thermoplastic rather than a thermsetting polymer, which has a high strength and is heat and flame resistant. Unlike brass, it is flexible in some degree and exhibits resilience. Further, it is capable of a substantial degree of elongation without failure. Elongations of eighty percent or more are preferred. Suitable and preferred materials are polysulfone, polyimide-amide and polyethylene sulfone.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a shell casing and bullet assembly illustrating past practice
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a bullet and shell casing of one preferred embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken on line 3-3 of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a fragment of the forward portion and forward rim of the shell casing illustrated in Figure 2;
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a fragment of the primer end of the casing illustrated in Figure 2;
  • Figure 6 is a view in rear elevation of the primer and of the shell casing illustrated in Figures 2 and 5;
  • Figure 7 is an exploded view of the bullet and shell casing of another embodiment of the invention which is preferred in certain circumstances;
  • Figure 8 is a view, partly in elevation and partly in section, of a form of bullet that is alternative to the form illustrated in Figure 7;
  • Figure 9 is a composite drawing of two rifle shells, one in the upper portion of the figure and the other in the lower portion of the figure, which illustrate alternative forms of the invention that are preferred in certain circumstances;
  • Figure 10 is a composite drawing in cross-section taken on line 10-10 of Figure 9;
  • Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view of a rim fired cartridge having a plastic shell and a plastic covered, lead core bullet.
  • FIG. 1 A typical prior art handgun shell is shown in Figure 1.
  • the primer and the powder have been omitted. Only the casing and the bullet are shown.
  • the assembly which is generally designated 12, includes a bullet 14 which is partially inserted into the forward end of the tubular casing 16.
  • a transverse wall 18 divides the casing into two chambers.
  • the bullet and powder chamber 20 is at the forward end of the casing, and the primer chamber 22 opens to the rear of the casing.
  • There is a through opening 24 at the center of that dividing wall so that products of the explosion of the primer in the primer chamber, communicated to the powder in the powder and bullet chamber 20, ignite the powder.
  • the primer chamber has smaller inside diameter than does the powder and bullet chamber.
  • the wall of the latter is tapered toward the forward edge of the casing to provide draft for the removal of the tool with which the cavity is formed, and to make that outer edge of the casing wall less strong so that it can be distorted or upset slightly to pinch the shank of the bullet sufficiently to retain the bullet in place.
  • the rearward portion 26 of the bullet that portion that is disposed within the forward end of the casing, is formed with a peripheral groove midway along its length. That groove is relatively wide, and makes it possible to pinch the bullet in place with a minimum amount of case distortion. In large measure the bullet is held in place by friction. It is pressed into place and friction is relied on to keep it there.
  • the exterior of the case is cylindrical and must remain cylindrical so that the bullet may be removed from the firing chamber with minimum force.
  • a groove is formed around the peri phery of the shell near its rearward end.
  • that groove is V-shaped in cross-section and is identified by the reference numeral 28.
  • the assembly is symmetrical about its longitudinal axis so that there is no need to accomplish any rotational orientation about that axis in the insertion and firing of the shell.
  • the casing is formed of brass.
  • the bullet 14 is usually wholly or partially formed of lead.
  • the bullet is not recoverable, but it is very common to attempt to retrieve the brass case.
  • the case is the most expensive part of the loaded cartridge, and it is common prac tice to reload spent shells up to ten times or more.
  • the brass shell being maleable, expands to the chamber dimension in the thin wall area holding bullet, but can be reformed to size for reloading purposes.
  • the casing is made of hard brass. Its hoop strength is high. The bullet is forced from the case more easily when the casing is expanded from the pressure created by the burning powder.
  • the assembly 30 of Figure 2 includes a case 32 and a bullet 34.
  • the case 32 is generally cylindrical. It is provided with a transverse interior dividing wall 36 which separates the rearward chamber 38 from the forward powder and bullet chamber 40.
  • the wall 36 is provided with a central opening 42 to afford communication between the two chambers.
  • Peripheral groove 44 near the rearward end of the case is square in cross-section as distinguished from the V-shaped groove 28 of Figure 1, but the form of that groove is determined by the mechanisms of the gun that will employ it. Shape of that groove is not material except that, in the invention, wider range of shapes is permissible because of the fabrication procedures.
  • the invention can accommodate a wide range of bullet shapes.
  • the bullet selected for illustration in Figure 2 has a rearward end 46 which is similar in shape to the rearward portion of the bullet 14 of Figure 1.
  • the manner in which that bullet is held in place and is positioned is substantially different in Figure 2 than it is in Figure 1.
  • the casing 32 includes a means for li ⁇ rri ting the degree of insertion of the bullet into the casing.
  • that means comprises three elements.
  • the primary means for limiting the degree of insertion is afforded by a plurality of ribs that extend longitudinally along the interior wall of the rearward portion of the powder and bullet chamber 40. They are, in fact, limited to that region of the chamber in which the powder is housed. In this embodiment there are six ribs.
  • the degree of insertion of the bullet is limited also by an inwardly projecting flange 52 which is formed on the forward rim of the case, and integrally with the case body. That flange extends into a complementally shaped groove 54 which is formed around the periphery of the bullet 34.
  • the flange 52 fits into that groove and serves primarily to retain the bullet within the case, but secondarily, to limit the degree of inser tion.
  • the case is formed with a second inwardly extending peripheral groove. It is numbered 56 and it is located approximately midway between the forward surface of the several ribs and the flange 52.
  • the ring 56 is generally triangular in cross- section, and it extends and fits into the peripheral groove 58 that is formed in the surface of the bullet.
  • the ring 56 serves also as a means for retaining the bullet in place, as well as a means for limiting the degree of insertion. It is not essential that redundant insertion limitation and retention means be provided, but they are provided in this preferred embodiment.
  • Provision of such means, and to provide them redundantly, can be accomplished because the case is made flexible.
  • the degree of flexibility need not be very great.
  • the material is not merely pliant; it is elastomeric. It is free to expand under the force of the explosion to fill the firing chamber in the region around the case, thus to preclude entry of the combustion products into the space between the case and the chamber wall. Having the quality of resilience, it is possible to provide inwardly extending rings and flanges whose inside diameter is less than the diameter of some of the parts past those rings and flanges as the bullet is inserted into the case. Moreover, fabrication is entirely possible using relatively inexpensive tooling because the ability of the casing material to stretch permits removal of the tool, notwithstanding inclusion of inwardly directed rings and flanges.
  • the case of shells made in accordance with the invention are made of polymeric material which can be bent and stretched and has elasticity and renitence to urge it to original form.
  • the construction of the flange 52 and the ring 56 is shown on an enlarged scale in Figure 4. In this case, both the flange and the ring are continuous. In some instances, particularly when heavy powder loads are employed, it is preferred that the case material be less resilient. In that cir cumstance. the ring 56 is ordinarily omitted and the inwardly directed flange 52 is segmented around the periphery in that it is notched at spaced points around its periphery. The result is an inwardly directed set of teeth rather than a solid flange.
  • That toothed flange construction is employed in the embodiment of Figure 2 at the rearward end of the case, as best shown in Figures 5 and 6.
  • the diameter of the primer cavity Is substantially less than the diameter of the powder and bullet cavity. Since the outside diameter of the casing is substantially uniform throughout its length, it follows that the casing wall is heavier about the primer cavity.
  • the means for retaining the primer in position In the cavity is an inwardly directed flange which is segmented at spaced points throughout its circumference.
  • the flange is generally designated 60 in Figures 2 and 5, and several of the individual teeth that form that flange are designated 60, in the case of one, and 62, in the case of another.
  • the means for retaining the primer is a continuous annular flange formed about the rearward rim of the primer cavity.
  • the flange is triangular in cross-section.
  • the cross-sectional area is relatively small.
  • a means for limiting the degree of insertion of the bullet 64 Into the case 60 is an inwardly directed ring which is formed integrally with the inner wall of the case. It is identified by the reference numeral 70, and it is not unlike the ring 56 of Figure
  • each of the projections is generally pyramidal in shape.
  • reference numeral 72 This design, like that shown in Figure 2, may have any value in a relatively large range of hardnesses.
  • FIG. 7 An alternative showing in Figure 7 is intended to illustrate, along with the projections, a pseudo thread configuration into which the bullet can be effectively screwed by rotating it a few degrees relative to the case after the bullet has been inserted.
  • Cases made according to the invention are made of polymeric material.
  • the preferred material is a thermoplastic. It has high strength, can withstand high temperatures and is flame resistant, is flexible and can undergo a very substantial degree of elongation. Elongation up to eighty or 100 percent is preferred. Suitable materials are manufactured by a number of plastic material suppliers. Polysulfone, polyethylene sulfone and polyimide-amide are materials that have the requisite properties, and these three are the materials that are currently preferred.
  • Some embodiments of the invention employ structural forms that can be molded only with difficulty primarily because the tooling would be difficult to remove from the interior of the shell.
  • the preferred materials are thermo-plastics which can be welded together with a liquid solvent material or ultra-sonics.
  • the forward end 84 has an inside diameter which is substantially less than the inside diameter of the remainder of the forward cavity of the case. Molding the case in one piece would make It difficult to remove the molding tool from the interior of the cavity, but that difficulty is overcome by making the case in two sections.
  • the rearward section 86 of the case is not unlike the rearward portions of the case 32 in Figure 2, and 66 in Figure 7. At its forward end, however, the rearward section 86 has reduced diameter.
  • a shoulder is formed which mates with the rearward end 88 of the forward section 90.
  • the portion 88 serves as a sleeve which fits in the reduced diameter portion 92 of the section 86.
  • Sections 90 and 84 are integrally formed. They are joined by an intermediate section 94 where the element tapers down to smaller inside and outside diameter.
  • a ring 96 is formed around the periphery of the inner side of the section 94. That ring fits within a complementally formed groove that is formed around the periphery of the bullet 82 near its rearward end.
  • the bullet 100 at the lower side of Figure 9 is a little longer than bullet 82, and its forward end is differently shaped. At its rearward end, it has similar shape.
  • a groove 102 receives an inner ring 104 that is formed on the inner surface of the forward section 106 of the shell which is generally designated 108.
  • Section 106 corresponds to section 84 above. It has reduced diameter relative to the rearward portions of the case.
  • the case 108 is like the case 80 with two exceptions.
  • the thickness of the wall of the rearward section is much greater in the case of case 108, which means that the powder cavity is smaller. That feature illustrates that the powder load can be controlled by controlling the thickness of the casing wall.
  • the forward and rearward sections of the casing are joined by a sleeve 110 which is formed integrally with the forward section of the case at its rearward surface. That sleeve fits into a circumferential groove in the forward face of the rearward section 112 of case 108.
  • the sections of the case are welded together using a solvent material or ultra-sonics. The manner of interconnection can be understood more clearly by reference to Figure 10 where the reference numerals correspond to the numerals in Figure 9.
  • FIG 8 illustrates a preferred form in which that can be done.
  • the lead pellet 114 has its rearward portion encased in a plastic cup 116.
  • the sides and the bottom of the cup are integral, and at its forward rim it has an inwardly directed, segmented flange 118 which extends over the tapered forward part of the pellet 114 to ensure that the pellet is retained within the cup.
  • the exterior surface of the cup is scored, much as it would be if knurled.
  • the interaction between that scored surface and the forward end of casing 66 in Figure 7 is enough to ensure that the bullet will remain in place in such a shell.
  • Bullets of the kind shown in Figure 8 are substantially less costly than conventional, all lead bullets, and for that reason may be preferred by recreational users and in practice ammunition.
  • a rim fire cartridge is shown.
  • the shell 120 is made of plastic
  • the primer powder 122 is disposed at the bottom of the powder cavity in an annular groove formed in the rim.
  • the body 124 of powder occupies the remainder of the powder cavity.
  • the bullet has a lead core 126 and an outer plastic covering 128.
  • Oneplastic typical of those suitable for use in the invention, has the following physical qualities : Density 1.24 Mg/meter cubed

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)

Abstract

Cartouches améliorées pour fusils et armes de poings utilisant des douilles (32, 66, 80) composées de matériau polymère à haute résistance mécanique et résistant aux températures élevées et à la flamme, de préférence des thermoplastiques, qui sont flexibles, élastiques et peuvent supporter un allongement important. Des moyens (52, 56, 60, 68, 70, 72, 96) servant à situer et à retenir les amorces et les balles sont formés d'une seule pièce à l'intérieur de la douille. Une balle améliorée possède un plomb métallique intérieur (114) logé dans un alvéole en plastique (116).
EP19820902558 1981-07-06 1982-07-06 Douille et balle pour munitions Withdrawn EP0082881A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US28065681A 1981-07-06 1981-07-06
US280656 1981-07-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0082881A1 true EP0082881A1 (fr) 1983-07-06

Family

ID=23074033

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19820902558 Withdrawn EP0082881A1 (fr) 1981-07-06 1982-07-06 Douille et balle pour munitions

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0082881A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU8824682A (fr)
WO (1) WO1983000213A1 (fr)

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FR2557285B1 (fr) 1983-12-22 1986-12-19 France Etat Armement Culot obturateur en materiau non metallique
BE901403A (fr) * 1984-12-28 1985-06-28 Herstal Sa Procede pour l'obtention d'un joint etanche entre la douille et la balle d'une cartouche
AU595072B2 (en) * 1988-08-30 1990-03-22 Nagatoshi Maki Slug assembly for shotgun shotshell
FR2679993B1 (fr) * 1991-07-31 1995-02-24 Giat Ind Sa Munition, en particulier du type telescope.
US5708231A (en) * 1996-10-17 1998-01-13 Sigma Research, Inc. Delayed release cartridge for a firearm
US6041712A (en) * 1997-12-11 2000-03-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Non-lethal cartridge with spin-stabilized projectile
US8240252B2 (en) 2005-03-07 2012-08-14 Nikica Maljkovic Ammunition casing
US8312812B2 (en) 2007-05-08 2012-11-20 Safariland, Llc Reloadable training ammunition
US8316769B2 (en) 2008-07-02 2012-11-27 Safariland, Llc Single piece non-lethal projectile
US9188412B2 (en) 2011-07-28 2015-11-17 Mac, Llc Polymeric ammunition casing geometry
US9182204B2 (en) 2011-07-28 2015-11-10 Mac, Llc Subsonic ammunition casing
FR3005726B1 (fr) * 2013-05-15 2018-03-02 Etat Francais Represente Par Le Delegue General Pour L'armement Cartouche en forme de bouteille
WO2014203216A1 (fr) * 2013-06-20 2014-12-24 Atlantis Manufacturing Management Services Proprietary Limited Munition de type grenade
ES2728242T3 (es) 2014-01-13 2019-10-23 Mac Llc Vaina de munición polimérica
US9453714B2 (en) 2014-04-04 2016-09-27 Mac, Llc Method for producing subsonic ammunition casing
AU2018306431A1 (en) 2017-07-27 2020-02-20 Timberghost Tactical, Llc Small-arms ammunition with non-brass casing and non-lead projectile
BR102019018270A2 (pt) * 2019-09-02 2021-03-16 Wendell Alves Homem Cartucho em polímero com espoleta eletrônica integrada

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US185548A (en) * 1876-12-19 Improvement in cartridge-shells
US651558A (en) * 1899-12-28 1900-06-12 Union Metallic Cartridge Co Cartridge-shell.
US2083665A (en) * 1933-10-06 1937-06-15 Washington Inst Of Technology Ammunition and ordnance device
US2616371A (en) * 1950-04-08 1952-11-04 Remington Arms Co Inc Cartridge and method of manufacturing same
US3090073A (en) * 1953-06-25 1963-05-21 Int Rectifier Corp Fowl picking apparatus
GB732633A (en) * 1953-06-27 1955-06-29 Ringdal Lars Improvements in ammunition cartridges
US2862446A (en) * 1955-08-15 1958-12-02 Kupag Kumststoff Patent Verwal Cartridge
US3609904A (en) * 1969-05-07 1971-10-05 Remington Arms Co Inc Extractable plastic cartridge
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1983000213A1 (fr) 1983-01-20
AU8824682A (en) 1983-02-02

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