EP0081644B1 - Gun cartridge for flat trajectory or high angle firing - Google Patents

Gun cartridge for flat trajectory or high angle firing Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0081644B1
EP0081644B1 EP82109259A EP82109259A EP0081644B1 EP 0081644 B1 EP0081644 B1 EP 0081644B1 EP 82109259 A EP82109259 A EP 82109259A EP 82109259 A EP82109259 A EP 82109259A EP 0081644 B1 EP0081644 B1 EP 0081644B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projectile
firing
ammunition
propulsive charge
steep
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
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EP82109259A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0081644A2 (en
EP0081644A3 (en
Inventor
Rudolf Dipl.-Ing. Romer
Wilfried Dipl.-Ing. Becker
Bernhard Dipl.-Ing. Bisping
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Rheinmetall Industrie AG
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Rheinmetall GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0081644A2 publication Critical patent/EP0081644A2/en
Publication of EP0081644A3 publication Critical patent/EP0081644A3/en
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Publication of EP0081644B1 publication Critical patent/EP0081644B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile

Definitions

  • the invention relates to ammunition with features of the preambles of claims 1 and 8.
  • Such ammunition is known from French Patent 401 144.
  • This ammunition cannot be used for machine guns because the two versions have different overall lengths and therefore cannot be used in the feed belt.
  • the projectile is the same in both embodiments, so that an increase in performance or optimization of the projectile is not possible for each type of use.
  • the often very narrow packing space, especially in armored vehicles, is not optimally used.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to improve an ammunition of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that it can be used in a machine gun, the range of uses of which is expanded and, in particular in the case of the high-fire version, a better target effect can be achieved while still achieving optimal use of the available packing space is.
  • an ammunition unit 30 has a propellant charge sleeve 32 which extends, essentially in the form of a circular cylinder, over its entire length with an essentially smooth peripheral surface 33 between an outer sleeve base 58 and a neck 34.
  • An explosive projectile 36 which extends from a bottom surface 39 to a tip surface 59, has a sealing strip 46 in the region of its peripheral surface 37.
  • An explosive charge 38 is arranged in an interior space (not designated in more detail). A contour 40 shown in broken lines will be explained in the further course.
  • a propellant charge 44 extending between an inner sleeve base surface 49 and the storey base 39 is arranged.
  • a circular cylindrical part of the explosive projectile 36 extends along a longitudinal axis A to an edge 48, in which the peripheral surface 37 and an oval surface 53 meet.
  • the propellant charge 44 is designed such that the energy released from it fires an essentially elongated trajectory of the explosive projectile 36 and consequently amounts to its final ballistic effect in the target.
  • the propellant charge 44 is divided by the dashed trace of an imaginary plane 73 'into a front part 44' and a rear part 44 ", which will be discussed in the further description.
  • a circular cylindrical propellant charge sleeve 62 extends from an outer propellant charge base surface 58 'to the front end surface 65 of a neck 64.
  • a payload projectile which is designed as a heavy explosive projectile 66, extends along the longitudinal axis A between a projectile base 73 and a tip surface 84. This results in an essentially circular-cylindrical body, which extends between the outer sleeve base surface 58 'and a front-side guide band 80 and to which a body of a ground proximity detonator 82, which is delimited by an oval surface 83, is connected on the tip side. This is divided into a front part 72 ′ and a rear part 72 ′′ by the dashed line of an imaginary plane 71.
  • the front part 72 ' corresponds to the explosive charge 38 of the ammunition unit 30 in Figure 2.
  • a rear-side part 64 of the explosive projectile 66 extends from a rear sealing band 78 to the floor 73 of the floor.
  • a region of smaller outer diameter extending between the latter and an annular surface 69 forming a step serves as a receptacle for an extendable stabilizer. It is shown as a winding tail unit 70, but it can also be designed as a folding tail unit known per se.
  • a propellant charge 76 arranged in the interior 74 of the propellant charge sleeve 62 extends axially between the inner case base surface 79 and the floor 73.
  • the ammunition units 30 and 60 have essentially the same external dimensions, so that they can advantageously be used in one and the same weapon.
  • a volume reserved for the front part 44 'of the propellant charge 44 of the ammunition unit 30 is taken up in the ammunition unit 60 by the rear part of the super-heavy explosive projectile 66 which is located between the Floor 73 and the imaginary level 39 'extends.
  • the ammunition unit 60 in the form shown is preferably suitable for use against targets behind cover.
  • the barrel of the weapon in question is raised in the upper angle group. In the case of a strongly curved trajectory of the super-heavy explosive projectile 66, this has a sufficiently long range.
  • the propellant charge 76 is designed in such a way that the energy released from it by firing brings the heavier explosive projectile 66 to the summit of its trajectory, and consequently does not have the final ballistic effect in the target.
  • an explosive charge 72 which is enlarged by the rear part 72 "(compared to the ammunition unit 30) with the associated projectile shell part, which is not described in more detail, achieves a particularly great target effect which can be adapted to the respective requirements by the choice of the detonator and / or its setting there is a high effectiveness, preferably against soft targets.
  • the heavier explosive projectile 66 is equipped with at least one shaped charge, each with a projectile-forming assignment, it can now be used against massed armored formations, now advantageously from a covered firing position of the weapon in question, the armor-piercing effect advantageously being achieved from above.
  • an ammunition unit 10 is provided with a bottle-shaped propellant charge sleeve 12, which extends with a rear, slightly conical part with the largest diameter between an outer case base 27 and a shoulder 14 as a transition into a neck 17 with a small diameter.
  • the ammunition unit 10 has an explosive projectile 18 with a peripheral surface 19, an explosive charge 20 and a sealing (or guide) band 26 on the rear.
  • the contours of the ammunition unit 10 are shown in FIG. 3 in the contours of the ammunition unit 30, (60).
  • an essentially circular cylindrical space 52 extends to an edge 51, in which a dashed track 53 'of the oval surface 53, (83) collides with track 50.
  • a further circumferential space 54 extends between the track 53 'and a track of the oval surface of the explosive projectile 18, which is not described in any more detail.
  • the spaces 52 and 54 result in a package volume deficit between the ammunition unit 10 and the ammunition unit 30, (60). In a broad sense, this deficit proves to be disadvantageous.
  • the ammunition unit 10 In comparison with continuously circular-cylindrical bodies of the same length, the ammunition unit 10 also has a deficit in its packing volume which is additionally increased by the tip space described above.
  • the resulting disadvantage becomes particularly apparent in connection with the observation of the interior of an armored vehicle, for example: it is used particularly poorly by the ammunition unit 10. This contrasts with optimal use of the ammunition units 30 and 60.
  • the invention proves to be particularly advantageous in connection with cannons, the tubes of which can be raised sufficiently.
  • automatic, i.e. machine guns are in the foreground in view of both their mobility and high cadence. They experience a significant expansion of their respective range of applications and make separate firearms of comparable range and caliber superfluous in the relevant area of use.
  • the ammunition units 30 and 60 are suitable for use in both smooth and drawn tubes. While slipping sealing tapes are to be provided in the latter, the advantages associated with the former result from the increased use of hot and high-energy propellant substances.
  • Performance-enhancing is also the use of an at least partially combustible propellant charge sleeve (claim 7) or a propellant charge, which, without a sleeve, is integrally connected to the payload projectile (claim 8), especially since in this case either little or no empties are produced.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

1. Cartridged ammunition constructed for flat trajectory firing and constructed for steep trajectory firing, characterized by the fact that the ammunition can be used in an automatic barrel weapon and that the overall length and external diameter of the ammunition (30) for flat firing is coordinated with the ammunition (60) for steep firing by providing, for the flat firing ammunition (30), (a) a longer propulsive charge casing (33), (b) a greater volume for the propulsive charge (44), (c) a greater distance from the projectile base (39) to the base of the propulsive charge casing (49), and (d) a shorter projectile (37), than in the steep firing version (60), and by providing in the steep firing version (60) (e) a shorter propulsive charge casing (62), (f) a smaller volume for the propulsive charge (76), (g) a shorter distance from the projectile base (73) to the base of the propulsive charge casing (79), and (h) a longer projectile (66), than in the flat firing version (30), the larger internal space of the projectile (66) in the steep firing version (60) containing in the shorter propulsive charge casing (62) an additional payload (72) in each construction (30, 60), that part of the projectile (36, 66) which extends from the casing is of approximately the same external diameter as the propulsive charge casings (33, 62) having the same diameter and said projectile diameter extends without change as far as a short ogivel surface (53, 83) at the nose of the projectile.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Munition mit Merkmalen der Oberbegriffe der Patentansprüche 1 und 8. Eine derartige Munition ist aus der französischen Patentschrift 401 144 bekannt. Diese Munition ist für Maschinenwaffen nicht einsetzbar, weil die beiden Ausführungsarten unterschiedliche Gesamtlänge haben und somit nicht in den Zuführgurt einsetzbar sind. Außerdem ist das Geschoß in beiden Ausführungsformen das gleiche, sodaß eine Leistungssteigerung bzw. Optimierung des Geschosses für jede Einsatzart nicht möglich ist. Schließlich wird durch die unterschiedliche Geschoßlänge der oft sehr enge Packungsraum, insbesondere in gepanzerten Fahrzeugen nicht optimal genutzt.The invention relates to ammunition with features of the preambles of claims 1 and 8. Such ammunition is known from French Patent 401 144. This ammunition cannot be used for machine guns because the two versions have different overall lengths and therefore cannot be used in the feed belt. In addition, the projectile is the same in both embodiments, so that an increase in performance or optimization of the projectile is not possible for each type of use. Finally, due to the different storey lengths, the often very narrow packing space, especially in armored vehicles, is not optimally used.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, eine Munition der eingangs genannten Art dahingehend zu verbessern, daß sie in einer Maschinenkanone einsetzbar ist, wobei deren Einsatzspektrum erweitert ist und insbesondere bei der Steilfeuerausführungsform eine bessere Zielwirkung erreichbar ist und dabei doch eine optimale Nutzung des verfügbaren Packungsraumes erreicht ist.The object of the invention is therefore to improve an ammunition of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that it can be used in a machine gun, the range of uses of which is expanded and, in particular in the case of the high-fire version, a better target effect can be achieved while still achieving optimal use of the available packing space is.

Die zur Lösung der gestellten Aufgabe wesentlichen notwendigen Merkmale der Erfindung sind in den Patentansprüchen 1 und 8 genannt. Die Unteransprüche nennen Ausführungsarten der Erfindung.The features of the invention that are essential for achieving the object are mentioned in claims 1 and 8. The subclaims list embodiments of the invention.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand der Zeichnung erläutert. Es zeigen, jeweils im längsaxialen Schnitt:

  • Figur 1: eine erste an sich bekannte Munitionseinheit 10 mit einer flaschenförmigen Treibladungshülse,
  • Figur 2: eine zweite Munitionseinheit 30 gemäß der Erfindung mit einer im wesentlichen, kreiszylindrischen Treibladungshülse,
  • Figur 3: die Munitionseinheit nach Figur 1 eingezeichnet in die Außenkonturen der Munitionseinheit nach Figur 2 und
  • Figur 4: eine dritte Munitionseinheit 60 gemäß der Erfindung als Weiterentwicklung der Munitionseinheit nach Figur 2.
The invention is explained below with reference to the drawing. They show, each in a longitudinal axial section:
  • FIG. 1: a first known ammunition unit 10 with a bottle-shaped propellant charge case,
  • FIG. 2: a second ammunition unit 30 according to the invention with an essentially circular cylindrical propellant charge case,
  • Figure 3: the ammunition unit according to Figure 1 drawn into the outer contours of the ammunition unit according to Figure 2 and
  • FIG. 4: a third ammunition unit 60 according to the invention as a further development of the ammunition unit according to FIG. 2.

Gemäß Figur 2 weist eine Munitionseinheit 30 eine Treibladungshülse 32 auf, welche sich, im wesentlichen kreiszylindrisch ausgebildet über ihre gesamte Länge mit im wesentlichen glatter Umfangsfläche 33 zwischen einem äußeren Hülsenboden 58 und einem Hals 34 erstreckt. Ein Sprenggeschoß 36, welches sich von einer Bodenfläche 39 bis zu einer Spitzenfläche 59 erstreckt, weist im Bereich seiner Umfangsfläche 37 ein Dichtungsband 46 auf. In einem nicht näher bezeichneten Innenraum ist eine Sprengladung 38 angeordnet. Eine gestrichelt eingezeichnete Kontur 40 wird im weiteren Verlauf erläutert. In einem Innenraum 42 der Treibladungshülse 32 ist eine sich zwischen einer inneren Hülsenbodenfläche 49 und dem Geschoßboden 39 erstreckende Treibladung 44 angeordnet. Ein kreiszylindrischer Teil des Sprenggeschosses 36 erstreckt sich entlang einer Längsachse A bis zu einer Kante 48, in welcher die Umfangsfläche 37 und eine Ogivalfläche 53 zusammenstoßen. Die Treibladung 44 ist derart ausgelegt, daß abfeuerungsweise aus ihr freiwerdende Energie eine im wesentlichen gestreckte Flugbahn des Sprenggeschosses 36 gewährleistet und folglich zu dessen endballistischer Wirkung im Ziel wesentlich beträgt. Die Treibladung 44 ist durch die gestrichelt eingezeichnete Spur einer gedachten Ebene 73' in einen vorderen 44' und einen hinteren Teil 44" unterteilt, worauf im weiteren Beschreibungsverlauf noch einzugehen ist. Bei einer Munitionseinheit 60 (siehe Figur 4) erstreckt sich eine kreiszylindrische Treibladungshülse 62 von einer äußeren Treibladungshülsenbodenfläche 58' bis zur vorderen Stirnfläche 65 eines Halses 64. Ein Nutzlastgeschoß, welches als überschweres Sprenggeschoß 66 ausgebildet ist, erstreckt sich entlang der Längsachse A zwischen einem Geschoßboden 73 und einer Spitzenfläche 84. Hierbei ergibt sich ein im wesentlichen kreiszylindrischer Körper, welcher sich zwischen der äußeren Hülsenbodenfläche 58' und einem vorderseitigen Führungsband 80 erstreckt und an welchen sich spitzenseitig ein durch eine Ogivalfläche 83 begrenzter Körper eines Bodenannäherungszünders 82 anschließt. Im nicht näher bezeichneten Innenraum des Sprenggeschosses 66 ist eine Sprengladung 72 angeordnet. Diese wird durch die gestrichelt eingezeichnete Spur einer gedachten Ebene 71 in einen vorderen Teil 72' und einen hinteren Teil 72" unterteilt. Dabei entspricht der vordere Teil 72' der Sprengladung 38 der Munitionseinheit 30 in Figur 2. Die gestrichelt eingezeichnete Spur einer gedachten Ebene 39' entspricht dem Geschoßboden 39 der Munitionseinheit 30 in Figur 2, worauf im weiteren Beschreibungsverlauf noch einzugehen ist. Ein heckseitiger Teil 64 des Sprenggeschosses 66 erstreckt sich von einem hinteren Dichtungsband 78 bis zum Geschoßboden 73. Ein sich zwischen letzterem und einer eine Stufe bildenden Kreisringfläche 69 erstreckender Bereich kleineren Außendurchmessers dient einem ausstellbaren Stabilisierungsleitwerk als Aufnahme. Es ist als Wickelleitwerk 70 dargestellt, doch kann es auch als ein an sich bekanntes Ausklappleitwerk ausgebildet sein. Eine im Innenraum 74 der Treibladungshülse 62 angeordnete Treibladung 76 erstreckt sich axial zwischen der inneren Hülsenbodenfläche 79 und dem Geschoßboden 73.According to FIG. 2, an ammunition unit 30 has a propellant charge sleeve 32 which extends, essentially in the form of a circular cylinder, over its entire length with an essentially smooth peripheral surface 33 between an outer sleeve base 58 and a neck 34. An explosive projectile 36, which extends from a bottom surface 39 to a tip surface 59, has a sealing strip 46 in the region of its peripheral surface 37. An explosive charge 38 is arranged in an interior space (not designated in more detail). A contour 40 shown in broken lines will be explained in the further course. In an interior 42 of the propellant charge sleeve 32, a propellant charge 44 extending between an inner sleeve base surface 49 and the storey base 39 is arranged. A circular cylindrical part of the explosive projectile 36 extends along a longitudinal axis A to an edge 48, in which the peripheral surface 37 and an oval surface 53 meet. The propellant charge 44 is designed such that the energy released from it fires an essentially elongated trajectory of the explosive projectile 36 and consequently amounts to its final ballistic effect in the target. The propellant charge 44 is divided by the dashed trace of an imaginary plane 73 'into a front part 44' and a rear part 44 ", which will be discussed in the further description. In the case of an ammunition unit 60 (see FIG. 4), a circular cylindrical propellant charge sleeve 62 extends from an outer propellant charge base surface 58 'to the front end surface 65 of a neck 64. A payload projectile, which is designed as a heavy explosive projectile 66, extends along the longitudinal axis A between a projectile base 73 and a tip surface 84. This results in an essentially circular-cylindrical body, which extends between the outer sleeve base surface 58 'and a front-side guide band 80 and to which a body of a ground proximity detonator 82, which is delimited by an oval surface 83, is connected on the tip side. This is divided into a front part 72 ′ and a rear part 72 ″ by the dashed line of an imaginary plane 71. The front part 72 'corresponds to the explosive charge 38 of the ammunition unit 30 in Figure 2. The dashed line of an imaginary plane 39' corresponds to the floor 39 of the ammunition unit 30 in Figure 2, which will be discussed in the further course of the description. A rear-side part 64 of the explosive projectile 66 extends from a rear sealing band 78 to the floor 73 of the floor. A region of smaller outer diameter extending between the latter and an annular surface 69 forming a step serves as a receptacle for an extendable stabilizer. It is shown as a winding tail unit 70, but it can also be designed as a folding tail unit known per se. A propellant charge 76 arranged in the interior 74 of the propellant charge sleeve 62 extends axially between the inner case base surface 79 and the floor 73.

Die Munitionseinheiten 30 (Figur 2) und 60 (Figur 4) weisen im wesentlichen gleiche Außenabmessungen auf, so daß sie vorteilhafterweise in einund derselben Waffe zu verwenden sind. Ein dem vorderen Teil 44' der Treibladung 44 der Munitionseinheit 30 vorbehaltenes Volumen wird bei der Munitionseinheit 60 vom rückseitigen Teil des überschweren Sprenggeschosses 66 eingenommen, welches sich zwischen dem Geschoßboden 73 und der gedachten Ebende 39' erstreckt. Hierdurch eignet sich die Munitionseinheit 60 in der dargestellten Form vorzugsweise zum Einsatz gegen Ziele hinter Deckungen. Das Rohr der betreffenden Waffe wird dabei in die obere Winkelgruppe eleviert. Bei einer stark gekrümmten Flugbahn des überschweren Sprenggeschosses 66 ergibt sich für dieses eine hinlänglich große Reichweite. Dabei ist einerseits die Treibladung 76 derart ausgelegt, daß die abfeuerungsweise aus ihr freiwerdende Energie das überschwere Sprenggeschoß 66 auf den Gipfelpunkt seiner Flugbahn bringt, und folglich nicht zur endballistischen Wirkung im Ziel beträgt. Andererseits erzielt eine um den hinteren Teil 72" (gegenüber der Munitionseinheit 30) vergrößerte Sprengladung 72 mit dem ihr zugeordneten, nicht näher bezeichneten Geschoßhüllenteil eine besonders große Zielwirkung, die durch die Wahl des Zünders und/oder dessen Einstellung jeweiligen Erfordernissen angepaßt werden kann. Hieraus ergibt sich eine hohe Wirksamkeit, vorzugsweise gegen weiche Ziele.The ammunition units 30 (FIG. 2) and 60 (FIG. 4) have essentially the same external dimensions, so that they can advantageously be used in one and the same weapon. A volume reserved for the front part 44 'of the propellant charge 44 of the ammunition unit 30 is taken up in the ammunition unit 60 by the rear part of the super-heavy explosive projectile 66 which is located between the Floor 73 and the imaginary level 39 'extends. As a result, the ammunition unit 60 in the form shown is preferably suitable for use against targets behind cover. The barrel of the weapon in question is raised in the upper angle group. In the case of a strongly curved trajectory of the super-heavy explosive projectile 66, this has a sufficiently long range. On the one hand, the propellant charge 76 is designed in such a way that the energy released from it by firing brings the heavier explosive projectile 66 to the summit of its trajectory, and consequently does not have the final ballistic effect in the target. On the other hand, an explosive charge 72 which is enlarged by the rear part 72 "(compared to the ammunition unit 30) with the associated projectile shell part, which is not described in more detail, achieves a particularly great target effect which can be adapted to the respective requirements by the choice of the detonator and / or its setting there is a high effectiveness, preferably against soft targets.

Wird das überschwere Sprenggeschoß 66 mit wenigstens einer jeweils eine projektilbildende Belegung aufweisenden Hohlladung ausgestattet, läßt es sich - nun vorteilhafterweise aus einer gedeckten Feuerstellung der betreffenden Waffe - gegen massierte Panzerverbände einsetzen, wobei die panzerbrechende Wirkung vorteilhafterweise von obenher erzielt wird.If the heavier explosive projectile 66 is equipped with at least one shaped charge, each with a projectile-forming assignment, it can now be used against massed armored formations, now advantageously from a covered firing position of the weapon in question, the armor-piercing effect advantageously being achieved from above.

Die sich aus einer Aubildung des Nutzlastgeschosses als Nebel-, Rauch-, oder Leuchtgeschoß ergebenden, das Einsatzspektrum einer Kanone betreffenden Vorteile werden ohne weiteres augenfällig.The advantages resulting from the formation of the payload projectile as a smoke, smoke or light projectile, which relate to the range of uses of a cannon, are readily apparent.

Von erheblicher Bedeutung ist die weitgehende Außenquerschnittsgleichheit der betreffenden Munitionseinheit 30 oder 60 über deren im wesentlichen gesamte Länge. Dies ausführlich zu erörtern, wird nun auf die Figuren 1 und 3 verwiesen.Of considerable importance is the fact that the ammunition unit 30 or 60 in question is largely identical in cross-section over its substantially entire length. To discuss this in detail, reference is now made to FIGS. 1 and 3.

Gemäß Figur 1 ist eine Munitionseinheit 10 mit einer flaschenförmigen Treibladungshülse 12 versehen, welches sich mit einem durchmessergrößten rückseitigen, leicht konischen Teil zwischen einem äußeren Hülsenboden 27 bis zu einer Schulter 14 als Übergang in einen durchmesserkleinsten Hals 17 erstreckt. Die Munitionseinheit 10 weist ein Sprenggeschoß 18 mit einer Umfangsfläche 19, einer Sprengladung 20 und einem rückseitigen Dichtungs- (oder Führungs-) band 26 auf.According to FIG. 1, an ammunition unit 10 is provided with a bottle-shaped propellant charge sleeve 12, which extends with a rear, slightly conical part with the largest diameter between an outer case base 27 and a shoulder 14 as a transition into a neck 17 with a small diameter. The ammunition unit 10 has an explosive projectile 18 with a peripheral surface 19, an explosive charge 20 and a sealing (or guide) band 26 on the rear.

Die Konturen der Munitionseinheit 10 sind in Figur 3 in die Konturen der Munitionseinheit 30,(60) eingezeichnet. Zwischen gestrichelten Spuren 50 der Umfangsfläche 37, 67 der Munitionseinheit 30 (60) und der Umfangsfläche 19 des Sprenggeschosses 18 der Munitionseinheit 10 erstreckt sich ein im wesentlichen kreisringzylindrischer Raum 52 bis zu einer Kante 51, in welcher eine gestrichelte Spur 53' der Ogivalfläche 53, (83) mit der Spur 50 zusammenstößt. Zwischen der Spur 53' und einer nicht näher bezeichneten Spur der Ogivalfläche des Sprenggeschosses 18 erstreckt sich ein weiterer Umfangsraum 54. Die Räume 52 und 54 ergeben ein Packungsvolumendefizit zwischen der Munitionseinheit 10 und der Munitionseinheit 30, (60). Dieses Defizit erweist sich im weiten Sinne als nachteilig. Es macht bei geringerer innenballistischer Leistung und Zielwirksamkeit der Munitionseinheit 10 für deren Lagerung und nachschub- wie einsätzmäßigen Transport den gleichen Raum erforderlich wie für die in der Wirksamkeit weitüberlegende Munitionseinheit 30, (60.). Um dies noch augenfälliger zu machen, wird auf die gestrichelten Linien 40 in Figur 2 verwiesen, welche den Spuren einer nicht näher bezeichneten Umfangsfläche der Treibladung 20 der Munitionseinheit 10 zugeordnet sind.The contours of the ammunition unit 10 are shown in FIG. 3 in the contours of the ammunition unit 30, (60). Between dashed tracks 50 of the peripheral surface 37, 67 of the ammunition unit 30 (60) and the peripheral surface 19 of the explosive projectile 18 of the ammunition unit 10, an essentially circular cylindrical space 52 extends to an edge 51, in which a dashed track 53 'of the oval surface 53, (83) collides with track 50. A further circumferential space 54 extends between the track 53 'and a track of the oval surface of the explosive projectile 18, which is not described in any more detail. The spaces 52 and 54 result in a package volume deficit between the ammunition unit 10 and the ammunition unit 30, (60). In a broad sense, this deficit proves to be disadvantageous. With lower internal ballistic performance and target effectiveness of the ammunition unit 10, it requires the same space for its storage and replenishment-like transport as for the ammunition unit 30, (60.), which is far superior in its effectiveness. In order to make this even more obvious, reference is made to the dashed lines 40 in FIG. 2, which are assigned to the traces of a circumferential surface of the propellant charge 20 of the ammunition unit 10, which is not specified in any more detail.

Bei den im wesentlichen kreiszylindrischen Munitionseinheiten 30 und 60 ergibt sich gegenüber durchgehend kreiszylindrischen Körpern gleicher Länge vorteilhafterweise nur ein Packungsvolumendefizit, wie es durch einen Spitzenraum zwischen den durch ihre Spuren 53', 55 und 56 dargestellten Flächen gegeben ist. Im Vergleich mit durchgehend kreiszylindrischen Körpern gleicher Länge, vergrößert sich bei der Munitionseinheit 10 deren Packungsvolumendefizit noch zusätzlich um den vorbeschriebenen Spitzenraum. Der sich hieraus ergebende Nachteil wird im Zusammenhang mit der Betrachtung des Innenraums eines - beispielsweise gepanzerten - Fahrzeugs besonders augenfällig: er wird durch die Munitionseinheit 10 besonders schlecht genutzt. Demgegenüber steht eine optimale Nutzung durch die Munitionseinheiten 30 und 60.In the case of the essentially circular-cylindrical ammunition units 30 and 60, compared to continuously circular-cylindrical bodies of the same length, there is advantageously only a package volume deficit, as is caused by a tip space between the surfaces represented by their tracks 53 ', 55 and 56. In comparison with continuously circular-cylindrical bodies of the same length, the ammunition unit 10 also has a deficit in its packing volume which is additionally increased by the tip space described above. The resulting disadvantage becomes particularly apparent in connection with the observation of the interior of an armored vehicle, for example: it is used particularly poorly by the ammunition unit 10. This contrasts with optimal use of the ammunition units 30 and 60.

Besonders vorteilhaft erweist sich die Erfindung im Zusammenhang mit Kanonen, deren Rohre ausreichend elevierbar sind. Hier stehen automatische, also Maschinenkanonen, angesichts sowohl ihrer Beweglichkeit wie auch hohen Kadenz im Vordergrund der Betrachtung. Sie erfahren eine bedeutende Erweiterung ihres jeweiligen Einsatzspektrums und machen im betreffenden Einsatzbereich Boden- Boden gesonderte Steilfeuerwaffen vergleichbarer Reichweite und Kaliber überflüssig.The invention proves to be particularly advantageous in connection with cannons, the tubes of which can be raised sufficiently. Here, automatic, i.e. machine guns, are in the foreground in view of both their mobility and high cadence. They experience a significant expansion of their respective range of applications and make separate firearms of comparable range and caliber superfluous in the relevant area of use.

Die Munitionseinheiten 30 und 60 sind sowohl für die Verwendung in glatten wie auch in gezogenen Rohren geeignet. Während bei der letztgenannten durchrutschende Dichtungsbänder vorzusehen sind, sind mit der erstgenannten die Vorteile verbunden, die sich aus der leistungssteigenden Verwendbarkeit heißer und energiereicher Treibladungsstoffe ergeben.The ammunition units 30 and 60 are suitable for use in both smooth and drawn tubes. While slipping sealing tapes are to be provided in the latter, the advantages associated with the former result from the increased use of hot and high-energy propellant substances.

Leistungssteigernd ist auch der Gebrauch einer wenigstens teilweise verbrennbaren Treibladungshülse (Anspruch 7) oder einer Treibladung, die, ganz ohne Hülse, mit dem Nutzlastgeschoß einstückig verbunden ist (Anspruch 8), zumal hierbei einsatzweise entweder wenig oder überhaupt kein Leergut anfällt.Performance-enhancing is also the use of an at least partially combustible propellant charge sleeve (claim 7) or a propellant charge, which, without a sleeve, is integrally connected to the payload projectile (claim 8), especially since in this case either little or no empties are produced.

Claims (8)

1. Cartridged ammunition constructed for flat trajectory firing and constructed for steep trajectory firing, characterized by the fact that the ammunition can be used in an automatic barrel weapon and that the overall length and external diameter of the ammunition (30) for flat firing is coordinated with the ammunition (60) for steep firing by providing, for the flat firing ammunition (30),
(a) a longer propulsive charge casing (33),
(b) a greater volume for the propulsive charge (44),
(c) a greater distance from the projectile base (39) to the base of the propulsive charge casing (49), and
(d) a shorter projectile (37), than in the steep firing version (60), and by providing in the steep firing version (60)
(e) a shorter propulsive charge casing (62),
(f) a smaller volume for the propulsive charge (76),
(g) a shorter distance from the projectile base (73) to the base of the propulsive charge casing (79), and
(h) a longer projectile (66), than in the flat firing version (30), the larger internal space of the projectile (66) in the steep firing version (60) containing in the shorter propulsive charge casing (62) an additional payload (72) in each construction (30,60), that part of the projectile (36,66) which extends from the casing is of approximately the same external diameter as the propulsive charge casings (33,62) having the same diameter and said projectile diameter extends without change as far as a short ogivel surface (53,83) at the nose of the projectile.
2. Ammunition in accordance with Claim 1, characterized by the fact that the projectile (66) containing the additional payload (payload projectile (66)) is constructed as an explosive projectile.
3. Ammunition in accordance with Claim 1, characterized by at least one hollow charge, in each of which the payload projectile (66) is provided with a projectile-forming layer.
4. Ammunition in accordance with Claim 1, characterized by the fact that the payload projectile (66) is constructed as a smoke, flare or fog projectile.
5. Ammunition in accordance with one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized by an extensible stabilizing tail unit taking the form of a wound tail unit (70) or a hinged tail unit on the payload projectile.
6. Ammunition in accordance with Claim 4 or 5, characterized by a parachute, preferably movable out of the rear of the payload projectile (66).
7. Ammunition in accordance with one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized by an at least partly combustible propulsive charge casing (32,62).
8. Cartridged ammunition in which the propulsive charge is connected in one piece and without a casing to the projectile, constructed for trajectory flat firing and constructed for steep trajectory firing, characterized by the fact that the ammunition can be used in an automatic barrel weapon and that the overall length and external diameter of the ammunition (30) for flat firing is coordinated with the ammunition (60) for steep firing by providing, for the flat firing ammunition,
(a) a longer propulsive charge and thus a greater volume for the propulsive charge (44),
(b) a greater distance from the projectile base (39) to the base of the propulsive charge, and
(c) a shorter projectile than in the steep firing version,
and by providing in the case of the steep firing version (60),
(d) a shorter propulsive charge and thus a smaller volume for the propulsive charge (76),
(e) a shorter distance between the projectile base (73) and the base of the propulsive charge, and
(f) a longer projectile (66), than in the flat firing version (30), the larger internal space of the projectile (66) in the steep firing version (60) containing in the shorter propulsive charge, an additional payload (72) in each construction (30,60), that part of the projectile (36,66) which is situated in front of the propulsive charge is of approximately the same external diameter as the propulsive charge having the same diameter, this projectile diameter extending without change as far as a short ogival surface (53,83) at the nose of the projectile.
EP82109259A 1981-12-10 1982-10-07 Gun cartridge for flat trajectory or high angle firing Expired EP0081644B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19813148829 DE3148829A1 (en) 1981-12-10 1981-12-10 AMMUNITION, PREFERRED FOR USE AGAINST COVERED TARGETS
DE3148829 1981-12-10

Publications (3)

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EP0081644A2 EP0081644A2 (en) 1983-06-22
EP0081644A3 EP0081644A3 (en) 1983-08-03
EP0081644B1 true EP0081644B1 (en) 1987-07-22

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82109259A Expired EP0081644B1 (en) 1981-12-10 1982-10-07 Gun cartridge for flat trajectory or high angle firing

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US (1) US4955938A (en)
EP (1) EP0081644B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS58102099A (en)
AU (1) AU556524B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1216465A (en)
DE (2) DE3148829A1 (en)
ES (1) ES518044A0 (en)

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DE29710983U1 (en) 1997-06-24 1998-10-22 Diehl Stiftung & Co., 90478 Nürnberg Swirl bullet
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DE19815295C2 (en) * 1998-04-06 2003-05-15 Rheinmetall W & M Gmbh Spin-stabilized artillery shell that can be fired from a gun barrel
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US6240850B1 (en) * 1999-06-14 2001-06-05 Christopher A. Holler Bullets for use in hitting targets at short range
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US9021961B1 (en) * 2012-03-20 2015-05-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Enhanced stability extended range (guidance adaptable) 40 mm projectile
US9395163B2 (en) * 2014-01-09 2016-07-19 Randy R. Fritz Hollow slug and casing
US9766050B2 (en) 2015-06-19 2017-09-19 Naeco, Llc Small caliber shaped charge ordnance

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0081644A2 (en) 1983-06-22
US4955938A (en) 1990-09-11
JPS58102099A (en) 1983-06-17
CA1216465A (en) 1987-01-13
ES8309002A1 (en) 1983-10-01
DE3148829A1 (en) 1983-06-16
AU556524B2 (en) 1986-11-06
JPH0321839B2 (en) 1991-03-25
EP0081644A3 (en) 1983-08-03
AU9069182A (en) 1983-06-16
ES518044A0 (en) 1983-10-01
DE3276836D1 (en) 1987-08-27

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