EP0078208B1 - Device for fixing a bundle of tubes, especially for steam generators - Google Patents

Device for fixing a bundle of tubes, especially for steam generators Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0078208B1
EP0078208B1 EP82401940A EP82401940A EP0078208B1 EP 0078208 B1 EP0078208 B1 EP 0078208B1 EP 82401940 A EP82401940 A EP 82401940A EP 82401940 A EP82401940 A EP 82401940A EP 0078208 B1 EP0078208 B1 EP 0078208B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
fixing
rod
tubes
fixing element
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Expired
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EP82401940A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0078208A1 (en
Inventor
Yves Fournier
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Novatome SA
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Creusot Loire SA
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Application filed by Novatome SA, Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA, Creusot Loire SA filed Critical Novatome SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/007—Auxiliary supports for elements
    • F28F9/013—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies
    • F28F9/0132—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies formed by slats, tie-rods, articulated or expandable rods

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for fixing a bundle of tubes wound in a vertical helix according to several coaxial cylindrical layers.
  • the invention is particularly applicable to the bundle of tubes of a steam generator.
  • the device for fixing the tubes must also allow a certain flexibility of the assembly of the tubes so that the expansions and the vibrations which can occur in these tubes do not cause abnormally high stresses.
  • the known devices for fixing a bundle of tubes have the drawbacks mentioned above mainly when the bundle of tubes constitutes the secondary circuit of a sodium-water type steam generator.
  • the use of hot liquid sodium as a heat transfer fluid has the particularity of subjecting the structure of the steam generator to extremely violent thermal shocks due to the exceptionally high thermal conductivity of the liquid sodium.
  • the tubular bundle which constitutes the water-vapor circuit is thus subjected to dilations which can vary very suddenly over time as well as to differences in expansion between the various elements which constitute it.
  • the bundle of tubes can also be subjected to vibrations due to the high-speed circulation of the liquid sodium around the tubes and of the water vapor inside the tubes.
  • the fastening devices take on a very great importance and are difficult to carry out because of the multiple and almost contradictory functions which they must fulfill, namely the precise positioning of the tubes, the damping of their vibrations, while allowing their expansion in several directions and avoiding excessive matting and wear.
  • the present invention aims to overcome the drawbacks mentioned above.
  • the devices for fixing the tubes make only one connection which is approximately of the "ball joint" type.
  • the tube is required to keep a fixed position in space at the location of each fixing device, but it can have a certain rotational movement around this point. Consequently, the natural frequency of a portion of tube situated between two successive fixing devices is relatively low.
  • the excitation frequency which mainly results from the flow of sodium around the tube is relatively low, it is advantageous to fix the tube so that its natural frequency is as high as possible.
  • the present invention therefore aims, on the other hand, to create a tube fixing device which is such that the natural frequency of the tube is as high as possible.
  • the present invention therefore relates to a device for fixing a bundle of tubes wound in a helix in several coaxial cylindrical layers, comprising longitudinal rods provided with cylindrical notches intended to receive each portion of tube corresponding to the same cylindrical layer, said rods being thus arranged between each layer of tubes so as to form several flat radial plies, elements for fixing the tubes on these rods being interposed between two consecutive rods of the same flat radial ply, each fixing element essentially comprising a part capable to style two turns notched consecutively in the corresponding rod, the contact between the device and the corresponding tube being made on zones of the point quays tube.
  • each tube is held in the fastening device according to three point contact zones, two zones separated by a certain distance being located on the face of the tube towards the center of the beam, the third zone being diametrically opposite to the other two zones and situated in a middle position.
  • the fixing device re-embeds the tube, which gives a more rigid connection than the connection »ro tule ", which increases the natural frequency of the tube.
  • said screw intended to create the force for tracing the tube rests on the fixing element by a ball-type connection.
  • the cylindrical notches formed in the rod and in the fixing element have a radius of curvature slightly greater than that of the tubes.
  • fig. 4 which is a view along a radial plane of a steam generator, there is a set of tubes 3 arranged in two coaxial cylindrical layers 1.
  • This fig. 4 is only a partial view, the entire bundle of tubes 3 is actually formed of a plurality of coaxial cylindrical layers extending over a certain length, in known manner.
  • the tube fixing device is mainly composed of rods 4, 5, 6 arranged longitudinally, between each cylindrical layer of tubes, and constituting, in the whole of the cylindrical bundle, several flat and radial plies.
  • the tubes 3 are each arranged in a corresponding cylindrical notch of the different rods 4, 5, 6.
  • fastening elements 7, 8, 9 also comprising notches intended to come to adapt on the tubes, are arranged on the other side of the corresponding rods and assembled to them by an appropriate clamping means.
  • the fastening elements 7, 8, 9 on the other hand have on their face opposite to the face which rests on the tubes 3 a form of longitudinal female slide in which the rods 4, 5, 6 are positioned corresponding to the next cylindrical layer. In this way, all of the rods 4, 5, 6 form a rigid radial flat sheet since each rod is linked to the previous and to the next by means of the interposed fastening elements.
  • This general arrangement of the device for fixing a bundle of tubes is known per se.
  • the present invention does not reside in this general arrangement but resides in an improvement to this fixing device which makes the latter particularly reliable and effective.
  • FIGs. 1, 2 and 3 we will see in detail an exemplary embodiment which includes the improvements which are the subject of the present invention.
  • a means tightening 11 causes the force F which tends to bring the parts 8 and 4.
  • the tightening element here consists of a screw 11 whose head has a base 12 of spherical shape with radius R1 which comes to rest on a corresponding conical surface 13 of the fixing element 8. In this way, the screw 11 exerts on the fixing element 8 a force F which remains constant in intensity and in direction whatever the exact position occupied by the element fixing 8 and screw 11; the fixing element 8 thus behaves like a lifter which distributes the force F equally over the two turns of the tube 3.
  • the fastening element 8 has an exact position in the space which is imposed by the position of the rod 5 in which it is engaged, and the screw 11 must not itself impose a precise position to the fixing element 8 since this fixing element has its position imposed by the rod 5.
  • the connection of the ball-joint type 12 of the screw 11 with the fixing element 8 satisfies this condition and consequently establishes an assembly which is isostatic.
  • the attachment of the tubes 3 is only reliable if it is known in advance how to determine the exact position of the points of contact of the tube with its support elements.
  • the contact bridges between the tube and its support elements have been chosen diametrically opposite 14, 15, which is the most rational arrangement.
  • the bearing surfaces of the parts 4 and 8 with the tube 3 come into contact with the tube tangentially. In this way, the stress at the contact of the tube 3 decreases progressively between the center of the contact surface 14 or 15 and its periphery.
  • the rod 4 of the notches 16 of cylindrical shape intended to receive the tube 3 these notches 16 having a radius R2 slightly greater than the radius R of the tube 3, and on the other hand the notches formed on the fastening element 8 consist of flat surfaces 17 at the point of contact 14 on which are joined laterally, tangentially concave cylindrical surfaces 18, 19, of on both sides, and of radius R3 slightly greater than the radius R of the tube 3.
  • the centers of radii of curvature of the faces 18 and 19 are spaced by a distance d equal to the width d of the planar surface 17.
  • the planar surfaces 17 lie in a plane which is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tube bundle.
  • Another aspect of the invention resides in the position of the contact points 14 and 15 relative to a longitudinal direction of the tube 3, which is visible in particular in FIG. 3.
  • the tube fixing device in a section B-B.
  • the tube 3 is wound in the bundle and the radius of curvature R4 of this winding is very large.
  • the contact zone between the tube 3 and the fastening element 8 is not established on a generator of the surface 17 but on a central point platform area 14, and on the other hand, for the same reason, the contact zone between the tube 3 and the notch 16 of the rod 4 is not established on a generator but on two almost point zones 15 of the lateral parts of the rod 4.
  • each tube 3 is held in a fixing device according to three point contact zones 14-15, two zones 15 separated by a certain distance "e" being located on the face of the tube 3 towards the center of the beam, and the zone 14 being diametrically opposite to the zones 15 and situated in a central position.
  • this arrangement creates recessed support, increasing the natural bending frequencies of the tubes. Tests show that this device increases the natural frequency of the tube by approximately 20, which consequently increases the damping factor by approximately 50%, compared to a fixing device creating a support at two points which creates a type of connection. »Ball joint «.
  • we. may be provided to immobilize the clamping screws after the final mounting, for it may be provided on this screw notches periph- eral 21, and the workpiece 8, a cylin- dri q ue portion 22 deformable in the vicinity of the periphery of the screw head, this part 22 being intended to be matted in order to become embedded in the notches 21 of the head of the screw.
  • the invention can also be applied to any installation other than steam generators, in which a bundle of helically wound tubes must be fixed in good condition.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Supports For Pipes And Cables (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
  • Mutual Connection Of Rods And Tubes (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de fixation d'un faisceau de tubes enroulés en hélice verticale suivant plusieurs couches cylindriques coaxiales. L'invention est applicable notamment au faisceau de tubes d'un générateur de vapeur.The present invention relates to a device for fixing a bundle of tubes wound in a vertical helix according to several coaxial cylindrical layers. The invention is particularly applicable to the bundle of tubes of a steam generator.

Dans un faisceau de tubes enroulés en hélice verticale suivant plusieurs couches cylindriques coaxiales, il est nécessaire de disposer des éléments de support des tubes destinés au maintien en position de ces tubes de façon à maintenir un espace régulier entre deux spires consécutives d'une même couche et entre deux spires appartenant à deux couches consécutives, tout en limitant les possibilités de déplacement angulaire des couches les unes par rapport aux autres.In a bundle of tubes wound in a vertical helix in several coaxial cylindrical layers, it is necessary to have tube support elements intended to hold these tubes in position so as to maintain a regular space between two consecutive turns of the same layer and between two turns belonging to two consecutive layers, while limiting the possibilities of angular displacement of the layers with respect to each other.

Le dispositif de fixation des tubes doit permettre d'autre part une certaine souplesse de l'ensemble des tubes de façon que les dilatations et les vibrations qui peuvent se produire dans ces tubes ne provoquent pas des contraintes anormalement élevées.The device for fixing the tubes must also allow a certain flexibility of the assembly of the tubes so that the expansions and the vibrations which can occur in these tubes do not cause abnormally high stresses.

On connaît déjà des dispositifs de fixation de tubes tels que décrits précédemment, et en particulier un dispositif de fixation qui fait l'objet du brevet français 2304048 du 12 Mars 1975. On connaît également dans le brevet français no 2 162 251 un dispositif de fixation dans lequel la nappe de tubes est garnie de barres disposées transversalement par rapport aux tubes, et ceux- ci sont serrés par paires sur les barres au moyen de plots disposés entre les deux tubes d'une paire, lesdits plots ayant un profil en coin et le serrage d'un plot ayant pour effet d'écarter ou de rapprocher élatiquement les deux tubes l'un de l'autre. Cependant, des dispositifs connus ne présentent pas toutes les garanties de précision et de fiabilité en ce qui concerne la force de serrage de chaque tube et la localisation exacte du point de contact réel entre le dispositif de fixation et le tube, entrainant ainsi une précision insuffisante quant à la connaissance du comportement dynamique du tube ainsi que son degré de matage au niveau des dispositifs de fixation. En fait, les dispositifs connus pour la fixation d'un faisceau de tubes présentent les inconvénients précédemment cités principalement lorsque le faisceau de tubes constitue le circuit secondaire d'un générateur de vapeur du type sodium-eau. En effet, dans ce cas, l'utilisation de sodium liquide chaud en tant que fluide caloporteur présente la particularité de soumettre la structure du générateur de vapeur à des chocs thermiques extrêmement violents du fait de la conductibilité thermique exceptionnellement grande du sodium liquide. Le faisceau tubulaire qui constitue le circuit eau-vapeur est ainsi soumis à des dilatations pouvant varier très brutalement dans le temps ainsi qu'à des différences de dilatation entre les différents éléments qui le constituent. Le faisceau de tubes peut être d'autre part soumis à des vibrations du fait de la circulation à grande vitesse du sodium liquide autour des tubes et de la vapeur d'eau à l'intérieur des tubes. Dans ces conditions, les dispositifs de fixation prennent une importance très grande et sont délicats à réaliser du fait des fonctions multiples et presque contradictoires qu'ils doivent remplir, à savoir le positionnement précis des tubes, l'amortissement de leurs vibrations, tout en autorisant leur dilatation dans plusieurs directions et en évitant un matage et une usure trop importants.There are already known tube fixing devices as described above, and in particular a fixing device which is the subject of French patent 2304048 of March 12, 1975. Also known in French patent No. 2 162 251 is a fixing device wherein the ply of tubes is lined with bars arranged transversely to the tubes, and these are clamped in pairs on the bars by means of studs arranged between the two tubes of a pair, said studs having a wedge profile and the tightening of a stud having the effect of moving apart or bringing the two tubes together one from the other. However, known devices do not offer all the guarantees of precision and reliability with regard to the clamping force of each tube and the exact location of the real point of contact between the fixing device and the tube, thus resulting in insufficient precision. as for the knowledge of the dynamic behavior of the tube as well as its degree of matting at the level of the fixing devices. In fact, the known devices for fixing a bundle of tubes have the drawbacks mentioned above mainly when the bundle of tubes constitutes the secondary circuit of a sodium-water type steam generator. Indeed, in this case, the use of hot liquid sodium as a heat transfer fluid has the particularity of subjecting the structure of the steam generator to extremely violent thermal shocks due to the exceptionally high thermal conductivity of the liquid sodium. The tubular bundle which constitutes the water-vapor circuit is thus subjected to dilations which can vary very suddenly over time as well as to differences in expansion between the various elements which constitute it. The bundle of tubes can also be subjected to vibrations due to the high-speed circulation of the liquid sodium around the tubes and of the water vapor inside the tubes. Under these conditions, the fastening devices take on a very great importance and are difficult to carry out because of the multiple and almost contradictory functions which they must fulfill, namely the precise positioning of the tubes, the damping of their vibrations, while allowing their expansion in several directions and avoiding excessive matting and wear.

La présente invention vise à pallier les inconvénients précédemment cités.The present invention aims to overcome the drawbacks mentioned above.

D'autre part, dans les faisceaux tubulaires existants, les dispositifs de fixation des tubes ne réalisent qu'une liaison qui est approximativement du type »rotule«. Le tube est astreint à garder une position fixe dans l'espace à l'endroit de chaque dispositif de fixation, mais il peut avoir un certain mouvement de rotation autour de ce point. En conséquence, la fréquence propre d'une portion de tube située entre deux dispositifs de fixation successifs est relativement basse. Afin de limiter les vibrations dans les tubes, il est nécessaire d'éloigner la fréquence propre du tube de la fréquence d'excitation. Or, dans la pratique, comme la fréquence d'excitation qui provient principalement de l'écoulement du sodium autour du tube est relativement basse, il est avantageux de fixer le tube de façon que sa fréquence propre soit la plus élevée possible. La présente invention vise donc, d'autre part, à créer un dispositif de fixation de tube qui soit tel que la fréquence propre du tube soit la plus élevée possible.On the other hand, in existing tubular bundles, the devices for fixing the tubes make only one connection which is approximately of the "ball joint" type. The tube is required to keep a fixed position in space at the location of each fixing device, but it can have a certain rotational movement around this point. Consequently, the natural frequency of a portion of tube situated between two successive fixing devices is relatively low. In order to limit the vibrations in the tubes, it is necessary to move the natural frequency of the tube away from the excitation frequency. However, in practice, as the excitation frequency which mainly results from the flow of sodium around the tube is relatively low, it is advantageous to fix the tube so that its natural frequency is as high as possible. The present invention therefore aims, on the other hand, to create a tube fixing device which is such that the natural frequency of the tube is as high as possible.

La présente invention concerne donc un dispositif de fixation d'un faisceau de tubes enroulés en hélice suivant plusieurs couches cylindriques coaxiales, comprenant des tiges longitudinales munies d'encoches de forme cylindrique destinées à recevoir chaque portion de tube correspondant à la même couche cylindrique, lesdites tiges étant disposées ainsi entre chaque couche de tubes de façon à former plusieurs nappes radiales planes, des éléments de fixation des tubes sur ces tiges étant intercalés entre deux tiges consécutives d'une même nappe radiale plane, chaque élément de fixation comprenant essentiellement une pièce susceptible de coiffer deux spires encochées consécutivement dans la tige correspondante, le contact entre le dispositif et le tube correspondant étant rélisé sur des zones du tube quais ponctuelles.The present invention therefore relates to a device for fixing a bundle of tubes wound in a helix in several coaxial cylindrical layers, comprising longitudinal rods provided with cylindrical notches intended to receive each portion of tube corresponding to the same cylindrical layer, said rods being thus arranged between each layer of tubes so as to form several flat radial plies, elements for fixing the tubes on these rods being interposed between two consecutive rods of the same flat radial ply, each fixing element essentially comprising a part capable to style two turns notched consecutively in the corresponding rod, the contact between the device and the corresponding tube being made on zones of the point quays tube.

Selon une caractéristique essentielle de l'invention, chaque tube est maintenu dans le dispositif de fixation selon trois zones de contact quais ponctuelles, deux zones séparées d'une certaine distance étant situées sur la face du tube en direction du centre du faisceau, la troisième zone étant diamétralement opposée aux deux autres zones et située dans uns position médiane. Dans ces conditions, on remarque que le dispositif de fixation rélise un encastrement du tube, ce qui donne une liaison plus rigide que la liaison »rotule«, ce qui augmente la fréquence propre du tube.According to an essential characteristic of the invention, each tube is held in the fastening device according to three point contact zones, two zones separated by a certain distance being located on the face of the tube towards the center of the beam, the third zone being diametrically opposite to the other two zones and situated in a middle position. Under these conditions, we notice that the fixing device re-embeds the tube, which gives a more rigid connection than the connection »ro tule ", which increases the natural frequency of the tube.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, ladite vis destinée à créer l'effort de piçage du tube s'appuie sur l'élément de fixation par une liaison de type rotule.According to another characteristic of the invention, said screw intended to create the force for tracing the tube rests on the fixing element by a ball-type connection.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, les encoches de forme cylindrique ménagées dans la tige et dans l'élément de fixation ont un rayon de courbure légèrement supérieur à celui des tubes.According to another characteristic of the invention, the cylindrical notches formed in the rod and in the fixing element have a radius of curvature slightly greater than that of the tubes.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, après le vissage approprié de la vis de serrage, il est prévu une immobilisation en rotation de cette vis par un matage d'une partie de faible épaisseur de l'élément de fixation provoquant ainsi le sertissage de cette partie sur une zone périphérique crantée de la tête de la vis.According to another characteristic of the invention, after the appropriate tightening of the clamping screw, provision is made for immobilization in rotation of this screw by knocking down a thin part of the fixing element thus causing the crimping of this part on a peripheral notched zone of the head of the screw.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront lors de la description détaillée de l'exemple de réalisation qui va suivre, donné à titre illustratif mais non limitatif, en se référant aux figures annexées.

  • La fig. 1 représente une vue en coupe A-A de la fig. d'un dispositif de fixation conforme à l'invention.
  • La fig. 2 représente une vue de dessus du même dispositif de fixation.
  • La fig. 3 représente une coupe B-B de la fig. 1.
  • La fig. 4 représente une portion d'un ensemble d'éléments de fixation disposés en nappes radiales.
  • La fig. 5 est une vue suivant C-C de la fig. 4.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description of the embodiment which follows, given by way of illustration but not limitation, with reference to the appended figures.
  • Fig. 1 shows a sectional view AA of FIG. a fixing device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows a top view of the same fixing device.
  • Fig. 3 shows a section BB of FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 4 shows a portion of a set of fastening elements arranged in radial plies.
  • Fig. 5 is a view along CC of FIG. 4.

Sur la fig. 4 qui est une vue selon un plan radial d'un générateur de vapeur, on distingue un ensemble de tubes 3 disposés selon deux couches 1 cylindriques coaxiales. Cette fig. 4 n'est qu'une vue partielle, le faisceau entier de tubes 3 est formé en réalité d'une pluralité de couches cylindriques coaxiales s'étendant sur une certaine longueur, de façon connue. Le dispositif de fixation des tubes est composé principalement de tiges 4, 5, 6 disposées longitudinalement, entre chaque couche cylindrique de tubes, et constituant, dans l'ensemble du faisceau cylindrique, plusieurs nappes planes et radiales. Les tubes 3 sont disposés chacun dans une encoche cylindrique correspondante des différantes tiges 4, 5, 6. D'autre part, des éléments de fixation 7, 8, 9 comportant eux aussi des encoches destinées à venir d'adapter sur les tubes, sont disposés de l'autre côté des tiges correspondantes et assemblés à elles par un moyen de serrage approprié. Les éléments de fixation 7, 8, 9 ont d'autre part sur leur face opposée à la face qui s'appui sur les tubes 3 une forme de glissière femelle longitudinale dans laquelle viennent se positionner les tiges 4, 5, 6 correspondant à la couche cylindrique suivante. De cette façon l'ensemble des tiges 4, 5, 6 forme une nappe plane rigide radiale puisque chaque tige est liée à la précédente et à la suivante par l'intermédiaire des éléments de fixation interposés. Cette disposition générale du dispositif de fixation d'un faisceau de tubes est connue en soi. La présente invention ne réside pas dans cette disposition générale mais réside dans un perfectionnement à ce dispositif de fixation qui rend ce dernier particulièrement fiable et efficae.In fig. 4 which is a view along a radial plane of a steam generator, there is a set of tubes 3 arranged in two coaxial cylindrical layers 1. This fig. 4 is only a partial view, the entire bundle of tubes 3 is actually formed of a plurality of coaxial cylindrical layers extending over a certain length, in known manner. The tube fixing device is mainly composed of rods 4, 5, 6 arranged longitudinally, between each cylindrical layer of tubes, and constituting, in the whole of the cylindrical bundle, several flat and radial plies. The tubes 3 are each arranged in a corresponding cylindrical notch of the different rods 4, 5, 6. On the other hand, fastening elements 7, 8, 9 also comprising notches intended to come to adapt on the tubes, are arranged on the other side of the corresponding rods and assembled to them by an appropriate clamping means. The fastening elements 7, 8, 9 on the other hand have on their face opposite to the face which rests on the tubes 3 a form of longitudinal female slide in which the rods 4, 5, 6 are positioned corresponding to the next cylindrical layer. In this way, all of the rods 4, 5, 6 form a rigid radial flat sheet since each rod is linked to the previous and to the next by means of the interposed fastening elements. This general arrangement of the device for fixing a bundle of tubes is known per se. The present invention does not reside in this general arrangement but resides in an improvement to this fixing device which makes the latter particularly reliable and effective.

En se reportant maintenant aux fig. 1, 2 et 3 nous allons voir en détail un exemple de réalisation qui comporte les perfectionnements qui font l'objet de la présente invention.Referring now to Figs. 1, 2 and 3 we will see in detail an exemplary embodiment which includes the improvements which are the subject of the present invention.

Les conditions très spéciales dans lesquelles fonctionne un générateur de vapeur de type sodium-eau et qui ont été rappelées précédemment, sont telles qu'un dispositif de fixation de tubes qui, en d'autres circonstances, serait considéré comme une pièce secondaire est dans le cas présent une pièce importante qui relève d'une technologie délicate.The very special conditions in which a sodium-water type steam generator operates and which have been recalled previously, are such that a tube fixing device which, in other circumstances, would be considered as a secondary part is in the present case an important piece of delicate technology.

En se référant à la fig. 1, on distingue deux spires consécutives du tube 3 appartenant à la même couche cylindrique de faisceau de tubes, ce tube 3 étant pincé entre la tige 4 qui s'étend longitudinalement dans le faisceau tubulaire, et l'élément de fixation 8. Un moyen de serrage 11 provoque la force F qui tend à rapprocher les pièces 8 et 4. L'élément de serrage est ici constitué d'une vis 11 dont la tête comporte une embase 12 de forme sphérique de rayon R1 qui vient s'appuyer sur une surface conique correspondante 13 de l'élément de fixation 8. De cette façon, la vis 11 exerce sur l'élément de fixation 8 un effort F qui reste constant en intensité et en direction quelle que soit la position exacte qu'occupent l'élément de fixation 8 et la vis 11; l'élément de fixation 8 se comporte ainsi comme un palonnier qui répartit de façon égale la force F sur les deux spires du tube 3. En fait, comme l'élément de fixation 8 comporte une rainure 10 qui est engagée dans une tige 5 suivante, il s'ensuit que l'élément de fixation 8 a une position exacte dans l'espace qui est imposé par la position de la tige 5 dans laquelle il est engagé, et la vis 11 ne doit pas imposer elle-même une position précise à l'élément de fixation 8 puisque cet élément de fixation a sa position imposée par la tige 5. La liaison du type rotule 12 de la vis 11 avec l'élément de fixation 8 répond bien à cette condition et établit en conséquence un montage qui est isostatique. La fixation des tubes 3 n'est fiable que si l'on sait à l'avance déterminer la position exacte des points de contact du tube avec ses éléments de support. Dans notre cas, les ponts de contact entre le tube et ses éléments de support ont été choisis diamètralement opposés 14, 15, ce qui est la disposition la plus rationnelle. Pour éviter tout matage anormal du tube 3 au niveau des points de contact 14, 15, les surfaces d'appui des pièces 4 et 8 avec le tube 3 arrivent en contact avec le tube tangentiellement. De cette façon, la contrainte au niveau du contact du tube 3 décroît progressivement entre le centre de la surface de contact 14 ou 15 et sa périphérie. Pour réaliser ces contacts entre deux surfaces tangentes, il est réalisé d'une part dans la tige 4 des encoches 16 de form cylindrique destinées à recevoir le tube 3, ces encoches 16 ayant un rayon R2 légèrement supérieur au rayon R du tube 3, et d'autre part les encoches formées sur l'élément de fixation 8 sont constituées de surfaces planes 17 au niveau du point de contact 14 sur lesquelles viennent se raccorder latéralement, tangentiellement des surfaces cylindriques concaves 18, 19, de part et d'autre, et de rayon R3 légèrement supérieur au rayon R du tube 3. Afin de créer une continuité dans la courbure des encoches de l'élément de fixation 8, les centres de rayons de courbure des faces 18 et 19 sont espacés d'une distance d égale à la largeur d de la surface plane 17. On peut remarquer que les surfaces planes 17 se trouvent dans un plan qui est parallèle à l'axe longitudinal du faisceau tubulaire.Referring to fig. 1, there are two consecutive turns of the tube 3 belonging to the same cylindrical layer of tube bundle, this tube 3 being pinched between the rod 4 which extends longitudinally in the tube bundle, and the fixing element 8. A means tightening 11 causes the force F which tends to bring the parts 8 and 4. The tightening element here consists of a screw 11 whose head has a base 12 of spherical shape with radius R1 which comes to rest on a corresponding conical surface 13 of the fixing element 8. In this way, the screw 11 exerts on the fixing element 8 a force F which remains constant in intensity and in direction whatever the exact position occupied by the element fixing 8 and screw 11; the fixing element 8 thus behaves like a lifter which distributes the force F equally over the two turns of the tube 3. In fact, like the fixing element 8 has a groove 10 which is engaged in a rod 5 following , it follows that the fastening element 8 has an exact position in the space which is imposed by the position of the rod 5 in which it is engaged, and the screw 11 must not itself impose a precise position to the fixing element 8 since this fixing element has its position imposed by the rod 5. The connection of the ball-joint type 12 of the screw 11 with the fixing element 8 satisfies this condition and consequently establishes an assembly which is isostatic. The attachment of the tubes 3 is only reliable if it is known in advance how to determine the exact position of the points of contact of the tube with its support elements. In our case, the contact bridges between the tube and its support elements have been chosen diametrically opposite 14, 15, which is the most rational arrangement. To avoid any abnormal matting of the tube 3 at the contact points 14, 15, the bearing surfaces of the parts 4 and 8 with the tube 3 come into contact with the tube tangentially. In this way, the stress at the contact of the tube 3 decreases progressively between the center of the contact surface 14 or 15 and its periphery. To make these contacts between two tangent surfaces, it is made on the one hand in the rod 4 of the notches 16 of cylindrical shape intended to receive the tube 3, these notches 16 having a radius R2 slightly greater than the radius R of the tube 3, and on the other hand the notches formed on the fastening element 8 consist of flat surfaces 17 at the point of contact 14 on which are joined laterally, tangentially concave cylindrical surfaces 18, 19, of on both sides, and of radius R3 slightly greater than the radius R of the tube 3. In order to create continuity in the curvature of the notches of the fixing element 8, the centers of radii of curvature of the faces 18 and 19 are spaced by a distance d equal to the width d of the planar surface 17. It can be noted that the planar surfaces 17 lie in a plane which is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tube bundle.

Sur la fig. 2, on voit en vue extérieure le dispositif de fixation des tubes, ce dispositif repré-. senté est celui correspondant aux tubes 3 qui sont enroulés hélicoîdalement avec un pas à gauche. Dans les générateurs de vapeur de ce type, il est fréquent d'alterner des couches de tubes cylindriques coaxiales enroulées hélicoîdalement à droite et à gauche. Dans ce cas, les encoches ménagées dans les tiges 4, 5, 6 et les éléments de fixation 7, 8, 9 sont inclinés par rapport à l'axe longitudinal de la tige d'un angle positif ou négatif égal à l'angle correspondant de l'hélice à pas à gauche ou à droite.In fig. 2, we can see an external view of the tube fixing device, this device shown. felt is that corresponding to the tubes 3 which are wound helically with a step to the left. In steam generators of this type, it is frequent to alternate layers of coaxial cylindrical tubes wound helically to the right and to the left. In this case, the notches in the rods 4, 5, 6 and the fastening elements 7, 8, 9 are inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the rod by a positive or negative angle equal to the corresponding angle left or right pitch propeller.

Un autre aspect de l'invention réside dans la position des points de contact 14 et 15 par rapport à une direction longitudinale du tube 3,-ce qui est visible en particulier sur la fig.3. Sur cette fig. 3, on voit le dispositif de fixation des tubes, selon une coupe B-B. Le tube 3 est enroulé dans le faisceau et le rayon de courbure R4 de cet enroulement est très grand. De ce fait la zone de contact entre le tube 3 et l'élément de fixation 8 ne s'établit pas sur une génératrice de la surface 17 mais sur une zone quais ponctuelle centrale 14, et d'autre part, pour la même raison, la zone de contact entre le tube 3 et l'encoche 16 de la tige 4 ne s'établit pas sur une génératrice mais sur deux zones quasi ponctuelles 15 des parties latérales de la tige 4. Pour que la zone de contact 15 ne s'établisse pas sur une arête de la tige 4 qui resquerait de matier de façon excessive le tube 3, les extrémités 20 de l'encoche cylindrique 16 sont légèrement évasées. De cette manière, chaque tube 3 est maintenu dans und dispositif de fixation selon trois zones de contact quais ponctuelles 14-15, deux zones 15 séparées d'une certaine distance »e« étant situées sur la face du tube 3 en direction du centre du faisceau, et la zone 14 étant diamétralement opposée aux zones 15 et située dans une position médiane. De cette façon, quel que soient les mouvements ou les vibrations tu tube 3, les points de contact entre ce tube et les éléments de fixation restent relativement bien définis et localisés, et tous risques de matage excessif ou de déformation du tube sont écartés. D'autre part, cette disposition crée en encastrement à l'appui, augmentant les fréquences propres de flexion des tubes. Des essais montrent que ce dispositif accroît de 20 environ la fréquence propre du tube, ce qui accroît en conséquence de 50% environ le facteur d'amortissement, par rapport à un dispositif de fixation créant un appui en deux points qui crée une liaison de type »rotule«.Another aspect of the invention resides in the position of the contact points 14 and 15 relative to a longitudinal direction of the tube 3, which is visible in particular in FIG. 3. In this fig. 3, we see the tube fixing device, in a section B-B. The tube 3 is wound in the bundle and the radius of curvature R4 of this winding is very large. As a result, the contact zone between the tube 3 and the fastening element 8 is not established on a generator of the surface 17 but on a central point platform area 14, and on the other hand, for the same reason, the contact zone between the tube 3 and the notch 16 of the rod 4 is not established on a generator but on two almost point zones 15 of the lateral parts of the rod 4. So that the contact zone 15 does not not establish on an edge of the rod 4 which would rescue excessive material from the tube 3, the ends 20 of the cylindrical notch 16 are slightly flared. In this way, each tube 3 is held in a fixing device according to three point contact zones 14-15, two zones 15 separated by a certain distance "e" being located on the face of the tube 3 towards the center of the beam, and the zone 14 being diametrically opposite to the zones 15 and situated in a central position. In this way, whatever the movements or vibrations of the tube 3, the points of contact between this tube and the fastening elements remain relatively well defined and localized, and all risks of excessive matting or deformation of the tube are eliminated. On the other hand, this arrangement creates recessed support, increasing the natural bending frequencies of the tubes. Tests show that this device increases the natural frequency of the tube by approximately 20, which consequently increases the damping factor by approximately 50%, compared to a fixing device creating a support at two points which creates a type of connection. »Ball joint«.

Dans un souci de rendre le système le plus fiable possible, on. peut prévoir d'immobiliser la vis de serrage après le montage définitif, pour cela on peut prévoir sur cette vis des crans péri- pheriques 21, et sur la pièce 8, une partie cylin- drique déformable 22 située au voisinage de la périphérie de la tête de vis, cette partie 22 étant destinée à être matée en vue de s'incruster dans les crans 21 de la tête de la vis.In order to make the system as reliable as possible, we. may be provided to immobilize the clamping screws after the final mounting, for it may be provided on this screw notches periph- eral 21, and the workpiece 8, a cylin- dri q ue portion 22 deformable in the vicinity of the periphery of the screw head, this part 22 being intended to be matted in order to become embedded in the notches 21 of the head of the screw.

L'invention peut aussi s'appliquer à toute installation autre que des générateurs de vapeur, dans lesquelles un faisceau de tubes enroulés hélicoôdalement doit être fixé dans de bonnes condistions.The invention can also be applied to any installation other than steam generators, in which a bundle of helically wound tubes must be fixed in good condition.

Claims (9)

1. A device for fixing a nest of tubes (3) wound helically in several coaxial cylindrical layers, comprising:
- longitudinal rods (4) provided with recesses of a concave cylindrical shape (16), each intended to receive a part of the tube (3) corresponding to the same cylindrical layer, the said rods (4) being thus arranged between each layer so as to form several planar radial sheets,
- elements for fixing (8) the tubes on these rods, inserted between two successive rods of the same planar radial sheet, each fixing element comprising substantially a part capable of covering two whorls recessed successively in the corresponding rod, the contact between the device (4-8) and the corresponding tube (3) being produced on. virtually punctiform zones (14-15) of the tube, the device being characterised in that each tube (3) is maintained in the device for fixing (4-8) in three virtually punctiform contact zones (14-15), two zones (15) which are separated by a certain distance, being situated on the face of the tube (3) in the direction of the centre of the nest, the third zone (14) being diametrically opposite the two other zones (15) and situated in a median position.
2. A device for fixing according to claim 1, characterised in that the retention of the tubes between the rod and the corresponding fixing element is produced with the aid of a screw (11) screwed in the rod and resting on the fixing element through the intermediacy of a joint of a socket type (12).
3. A device for fixing according to claim 2, characterised in that the head of the screw (11) has a spherical shape (12) which rests on a coni cal surface (13) tangent to the spherical surface of the screw head so that the contact between the screw and the fixing element (8) is always produced only on a surface which is virtually limited to a circle, whatever the exact position of the fixing element.
4. A device for fixing according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the recesses of a cylindrical shape (16) of the rod (4) have a radius which is slightly greater than that of the tubes, so that the contact between the tube and the rod is always produced only on two virtually punctiform surfaces (15).
5. A device for fixing according to claim 4, characterised in that the said recesses (16) of a cylindrical shape provided in the rod (4) are flared close to the lateral parts (2) of the rod so that the two virtually punctiform contacts between the rod and the tube are not produced on the lateral ridge of the rod, but on a zone (15) which is slightly set back.
6. A device for fixing according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that, in order to cover the two successive whorls of the tube (3), the fixing element comprises two separated recesses, these recesses comprising a flat surface (17) for resting on the corresponding whorl, this flat surface being parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tube nest, so that the contact between the fixing element (8) and the tube is produced only at a virtually punctiform surface (14) opposite the two contact surfaces (15) of the tube with the rod (4).
7. A device for fixing according to claim 6, characterised in that the flat surface (17) for resting the fixing element (8) on the corresponding whorl of the tube (3) is extended on each side by concave cylindrical surfaces (18, 19), these concave surfaces being such that they can never come into contact with the corresponding tube.
8. A device for fixing according to claim 7, characterised in that the concave cylindrical surfaces (18, 19) forming the recesses of the fixing element (8) have a radius which is slightly greater than the raduis of the tube.
9. A device for fixing according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterised in that the head of the clamping screw (11) comprises peripheral notches (21) and the fixing element comprises, close to the periphery of the screw head, a dis- tortable cylindrical part (22) intended to be deformed with a view to becoming embedded in the notches (21) of the screw head to immobilise it after this screw is finally screwed when the nest assembly is fitted.
EP82401940A 1981-10-23 1982-10-22 Device for fixing a bundle of tubes, especially for steam generators Expired EP0078208B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8119981 1981-10-23
FR8119981A FR2515331A1 (en) 1981-10-23 1981-10-23 DEVICE FOR FIXING A BEAM OF TUBES, IN PARTICULAR FOR A STEAM GENERATOR

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0078208A1 EP0078208A1 (en) 1983-05-04
EP0078208B1 true EP0078208B1 (en) 1984-08-29

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82401940A Expired EP0078208B1 (en) 1981-10-23 1982-10-22 Device for fixing a bundle of tubes, especially for steam generators

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US4756278A (en)
EP (1) EP0078208B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS58160704A (en)
DE (1) DE3260636D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2515331A1 (en)

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FR2637970B1 (en) * 1988-10-18 1990-11-23 Stein Industrie DEVICE FOR SUSPENSION OF HORIZONTAL HEAT EXCHANGE TUBES ON A VERTICAL CARRIER TUBE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
GB8916375D0 (en) * 1989-07-18 1989-09-06 Radders Limited Heat exchangers
FR2652639A1 (en) * 1989-10-02 1991-04-05 Clark Maurice Magnetic anti-vibration elements for the tubes of heat exchanger tube bundles
US5012767A (en) * 1989-10-03 1991-05-07 Leighton Industries, Inc. Heat exchanger tube spacers
US5154139A (en) * 1990-05-14 1992-10-13 Norton Company Refractory tube block
US5136985A (en) * 1991-09-12 1992-08-11 Deltak Corporation Boiler tube support
US5762032A (en) * 1996-12-23 1998-06-09 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Field adjustable boltless stirrup
EP0895028B1 (en) * 1997-07-28 2002-03-06 Alstom Ceramic lining
US7624337B2 (en) * 2000-07-24 2009-11-24 Vmark, Inc. System and method for indexing, searching, identifying, and editing portions of electronic multimedia files
DE10036211A1 (en) * 2000-07-25 2002-02-07 Rolls Royce Deutschland Combustion chamber shingle for aviation gas turbine has plate-form base component with hole for threaded bolt with head fixed in recess by clamping connection formed by deformation of edge section of head recess or bolt head
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4756278A (en) 1988-07-12
DE3260636D1 (en) 1984-10-04
JPS58160704A (en) 1983-09-24
EP0078208A1 (en) 1983-05-04
FR2515331A1 (en) 1983-04-29
FR2515331B1 (en) 1983-12-02

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