EP0078109A1 - Distributeur pour liquides - Google Patents

Distributeur pour liquides Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0078109A1
EP0078109A1 EP82305200A EP82305200A EP0078109A1 EP 0078109 A1 EP0078109 A1 EP 0078109A1 EP 82305200 A EP82305200 A EP 82305200A EP 82305200 A EP82305200 A EP 82305200A EP 0078109 A1 EP0078109 A1 EP 0078109A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzles
liquid
vessel
liquid dispenser
cap
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP82305200A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0078109B1 (fr
Inventor
Roger Abraham Bunce
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
University of Birmingham
Original Assignee
University of Birmingham
National Research Development Corp UK
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by University of Birmingham, National Research Development Corp UK filed Critical University of Birmingham
Publication of EP0078109A1 publication Critical patent/EP0078109A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0078109B1 publication Critical patent/EP0078109B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
    • A61J1/00—Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes
    • A61J1/14—Details; Accessories therefor
    • A61J1/20—Arrangements for transferring or mixing fluids, e.g. from vial to syringe
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D47/00—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices
    • B65D47/04—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps
    • B65D47/06—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages

Definitions

  • This invention relates to liquid dispensers, particularly to liquid dispensers integral with caps and most particularly to those for dispensing blood serum or plasma.
  • the serum or plasma must be separated from the red cells. This is usually achieved by centrifugation followed by removal of the blood tube cap and pipetting or pouring of the serum. This may produce dangerous aerosols and pouring from conventional vessels has been declared unsafe in the 'code of practice of the Prevention of infection in clinical Laboratories and Postmortem Rooms' (The Howie report).
  • a liquid dispenser comprises a first vessel to contain liquid to be dispensed, and a dispenser cap adapted to sealably fit over an open end of said first vessel, said cap having at least two nozzles of predetermined geometry, adapted to dispense, in use, a volume of liquid of predetermined properties from the first to a second vessel, such that dispensing of the liquid is terminated predeterminably.
  • the open terminations of the nozzles are spaced away from the base of the second vessel; and in one embodiment the spacing is achieved by a combination of nozzles protruding into the second vessel when the cap is arranged to rest on the lip of the second vessel.
  • the nczzles are preferably cylindrical tubes protruding from the cup, all to the same distance; arranged to extend substantially longitudinally of a common axis of the cap and the first vessel to which it is sealed.
  • the nozzles may extend both outward from and inward into the first vessel from the base of the cap transverse of the open end of the first vessel; and each nozzle may extend to equal distances inward and outward.
  • the nozzles may be made frusto-conical with the larger diameter inward of the said base.
  • the nozzles may be arranged to be concentric with one another.
  • the nozzles are three in number with axes which do not all lie in a single plane.
  • the nozzles may extend to different distances from the cap base; and may have internal diameters different one from another.
  • the cap may comprise two separate concentric portions, the nozzles being part of the inner portion, and the outer portion being arranged to secure the cap sealably to the first vessel.
  • the outer portions may be provided with a transverse frangible membrane isolating the nozzles from the interior of the first vessel, and which can be broken by relative displacement of the inner and outer portions to place the nozzles in communication with the interior of the first vessel.
  • the liquid dispenser may be arranged to be initially partially evacuated to enable liquid to be drawn into the first vessel for subsequent dispensing.
  • the first vessel and its cap may each be provided with a projecting member, the members co-acting as a safety catch device such that the cap can be readily fitted to the first vessel but cannot be removed therefrom accidentally.
  • the nozzles of the liquid dispenser may be arranged to be of such dimension that dispensing is terminated predeterminably whcn the liquid is human blood serum at usual ambient temperatures.
  • the nozzles are preferably circular cylindrical, of equal length outward from the cap base, and have an internal diameter in the range 2.5to 3.5 millimetre; while the internal length of the nozzles is not less than 8.8 millimetre.
  • the invention extends to a method of constructing a liquid dispenser which includes the step of arranging for a given liquid in given ambient temperature conditions and for given dimensions of the liquid dispenser the length of nozzles through which the liquid may be dispensed, such that when a desired quantity has been dispensed from the inverted liquid dispenser under gravity, and the liquid dispenser is removed away from the dispensed quantity of liquid, no further liquid will emerge from said nozzles until the liquid dispenser has been righted and reinverted.
  • the method is particularly applicable when the nozzles are cylindrical and circular in bore and the liquid is human blood serum.
  • Figure 1 shows a liquid dispenser in the form of a cap of resilient plastics material provided with a first nozzle 1 and a second nozzle 2 the distal ends 3 of the nozzles 1 and 2 are closed and the basal ends 4 are open.
  • An annular lip 5 projects upward from the base 6 and a second annular lip of smaller radius 7 projects co-axially in a like manner.
  • a third annular lip 8 projects downward from the base 6 and a fourth annular lip of larger radius 9 projects in a like manner.
  • the fourth annular lip 9 has a fast multistart femal thread moulded in its inner surface.
  • Figure 2 shows a cap 20 such as that described above with reference to figure 1 fitted to a blood tube 21, ie the first vessel, containing serum 22, a separating gel 23, and coagulated red cells 24 the remaining volume in the blood tube 21 being occupied by a volume of air 25.
  • Figure 3 shows in more detail how the third annular lip 8 forms a seal with the blood tube 21, the lengths of lips 8 and 9 are such that the cap 20 may be partially unscrewed without breaking the seal.
  • a sample container 30 is located with its rim between annular lips 5 and 7. In this embodiment the nozzles 1 and 2 are flush with the base 6 and are identically dimensioned.
  • Figure 4 shows a second embodiment having two nozzles 40 and 41 of identical dimensions which protrude both above and below a base 42.
  • Figure 5 shows a third embodiment having two concentric nozzles 50 and 5 1 protruding from a base 52.
  • Figure 6 shows a fourth embodiment having two nozzles 60 and 61 of idential lengths protruding both above and below a base 62.
  • the nozzles are frusto-conical having their larger diameter ends below the base 62.
  • Figure 7 shows a fifth embodiment having three nozzles 70, 71 and 72 of identical lengths and diameters protruding both above and below a base 73 the nozzles are arranged so that their axes do not fall in a single plane.
  • Figure 8 shows a sixth embodiment having two equidiameter nozzles 80 and 81 flush with a base 82.
  • Nozzle 80 is longer than nozzle 81 and accordingly protrudes above the base 82 to a greater distance.
  • Figure 9 shows a seventh embodiment having two nozzles 90 and 91 protruding both above and below a base 92.
  • the nozzles are equilength and nozzle 90 is of smaller diameter than nozzle 91...
  • Figure 10 shows a modification to the invention in which the dispensing cap is constructed from two parts.
  • a screw cap 100 having an axial orifice through which a resilient member 101 protrudes, being an interference fit with cap 100, and having two nozzles formed within itself as two cylindrical ducts 102.
  • the resilient member broadens out below the cap 100 to form a wad 103 which is seated on the neck 104 of the.blood tube 21 upon tightening of the screw cap 100.
  • Figure 11 shows another modification of the invention in which a screw cap 110 screws directly onto the blood tube 21; formed in the centre of the screw cap 110 is a deep recess 111 which may have weaknesses b l ilt into it at 112, for example a frangible membrane.
  • a cylindrical member 113 having two nozzles 114 and 115 is a close fit in the recess 111. Downward pressure on the cylindrical member 113 causes the recess 111 to rupture at weakness 112 and, the cylinder 113 to move from the broken line to the continuous line position and the nozzles to connect the inside of the blood tube 21 and the environment.
  • the invention is utlized in a sequence of operations hereinafter described: a blood sample is taken from a patient in a conventional manner and subsequently transferred to a blood tube containing a silica gel. The blood tube is then sealed with a screw cap containing two nozzles and spun in a centrifuge to separate-the red cells from the serum.
  • Figure 12 is a diagrammatic representation of such a spun blood tube 120, with a cap 121, and containing red cells 122 which have migrated to the bottom of the blood tube, separating the red cells from the less dense serum 123 is a separating gel 124 which forms a barrier between the red cells 122 and the serum 123.
  • the cap 121 has two nozzles 125 and 126 protruding therefrom, terminally sealed by tips 127 and 128.
  • the blood tube 120 is 14.5mm diameter and 94mm long.
  • the depth of the red cells 122 is 32mm, the separating gel 124 is 14mm and the serum is 32mm.
  • the air space above the serum has an initial depth of 16mm.
  • the tips 127 and 128 of the nozzles 125 and 126 are cut off with scissors, or cigar type of cutter.
  • the scissors may be of the type which retain the severed portion. This type of scissor minimises the risk of contamination of the human operator. Either cutting device could have a stop to gauge the length of nozzles.
  • An alternative, and at present less conventional, system is able to sample the patient's blood directly.
  • the blood tube containing gel 124 and having a resilient cap 121 affixed is supplied with its contents at apartial vacuum.
  • a double ended needle is inserted into the patient and then through the resilient cap 121 whereupon the partial vacuum causes a sample of blood to be drawn into the blood tube 120. Thereafter the needle is removed from the patient and cap and the cap and blood tube is centrifuged in the same manner as has been described above.
  • Figure 13 shows the blood tube 120 and cap 121 with unused, dry, open nozzles 125 and 126 after the nozzle tips have been removed.
  • Figure 14 shows a sample container 140 emplaced over the nozzles 125 and 126.
  • the blood tube and sample container assembly is subsequently manually inverted to the position shown in figure 15.
  • the serum 123 flows to the capped end of the blood tube 1 20 under the action of gravity.
  • the gel 124 is sufficiently viscous to stay in place and thereby retain the red blood cells 122 at the end of the blood tube 120 remote from the cap 121.
  • the mechanism of flow of serum 123 into the nozzles 125 and 126 depends upon whether the nozzles have previously been used, hereinafter referred to as the wet condition, or are unused, hereinafter referred to as the dry condition.
  • the mechanism for flow in the dry condition may be explained with reference to figure 16. Initially the serum 123 flows down only one nozzle 125 and an air bubble 160 is formed at the blood tube end of the other nozzle 126.
  • the upward force must overcome the surface tension force.
  • the bubble may be experimentally determined to be attached to the nozzle at its internal diameter, so the surface tension force is given by: 2 r . So for detachment to occur therefore After the first air bubble 160 has detached, serum 123 flows down the nozzle 125, thereby filling it, and continues to flow out of the nozzle and into the sample container 140 as shown in figure 17.
  • Serum continues to flow into the sample container 140 and air bubbles 170 continue to be formed and released from the nozzle 12o until the level of serum 123 in the sample container 140 reaches the lower end of the nozzle 126,whereafter serum is drawn into the nozzle 126 as shown in figure 18. This action prevents further bubbling and hence stops further flow of serum 123.
  • the blood tube and cap assembly are gently removed as shown in figure 19.
  • Surface tension between the serum 123 and the ends of the nozzles 125 and 126 is sufficient to prevent the serum flow out of the nozzles.
  • the blood tube and cap assembly when righted is shown in figure 20.
  • the serum 123 falls to be immediately above the gel 124, with the exception of that serum which remains in the nozzles 125 and 126.
  • This serum may be removed, as shown in figure 21, by unscrewing the cap 121 slightly in order to reduce the air pressure 210 and therefore cause the serum in at least one nozzle to be drawn into the blood tube.
  • the assembly is now ready to dispense a further volume of serum if required.
  • a wedge form 220 is moulded or glued to the outside of the blood tube 120 and a tab 221 extends from the cap 121.
  • the orientation of the wedge 220 allows the tab 221 to ride up its inclined surface during screwing on, but to be prevented from being completely removed accidentally.
  • the tab and wedge may be regarded as specific examples of coacting projecting members of a safety catch device.
  • FIG. 23 shows a blood tube and sample container assembly which has been inverted.
  • the calculations have been based on a liquid dispenser with dry nozzles.
  • a second dispensing is equally satisfactory, ie with wet nozzles, with the same prederminable termination. If the nozzles have previously been treated internally with a wetting agent a different calculation would have to be made, because the equilibrium position of the liquid may be different; that is, the liquid would enter the nozzles by a small distance.
  • the nozzles have to be longer than the theoretical predictions to overcome the wetability forces between the liquid to b e dispensed and the material of the dispenser. These are very difficult to predict and are dependent upon molecular cleanliness. This is well illustrated by the way rain drops follow irregular patterns down a window pane and is probably the main cause of any inconsistancy in dispensing especially with small diameter nozzles.
  • the optimum internal diameter of the nozzles should be between 3.0 and 3.4 mm. This is based on experimental evidence using standard nylon tubing. If 2.0 mm diameter was used dispensing was inconsistant and sometimes the dispenser had to be tapped on the bench to initiate pouring.
  • the theory predicts the minimum overall length of the nozzles from hydraulic considerations.
  • the distance the nozzle projects from the outer end face of the cap in relation to the receiving vessel determines the volume dispensed.
  • the nozzle may be sunk into the cap (Fig 4); however, for a given size of the dispensing vessel, this reduces the volume available for dispensing.
  • the delivery volume was 2 ml and the nozzles were made 20 mm long overall.
  • centrifuge technology When designing a serum dispenser it should be made compatable with centrifuge technology. Some types of centrifuge do not allow their buckets to swing freely, eg, the tubes are retained at 45 0 . In this case, long nozzles can undergo a permanent bending during centrifugation and need to be more solidly constructed than short nozzles. It is therefore desirable to minimise the length of the nozzles by using design techniques described.
  • the minimum spacing between the nozzles was found to be 7 mm for 4.76 mm 0/D 3.00 mm I/D nozzles.
  • liquid moves down one tube and up the other. If the nozzles are too close together liquid is sucked up with the air and pouring stops. Also, if the spacing is made smaller a web of serum forms between the tubes and when the dispenser is removed from the dispensing vessel this can be a source of contamination.
  • the material used in the construction of the Liquid Dispenser is not critical. Nylon and PTFE have been used to make the nozzles, polythene for the cap and glass or plastic for the vessel. Five liquids have been dispensed: human blood serum, reconstituted equine serum, water, methanol and oil. All worked well, but the oil was obviously dispensed much slower because of the greater viscosity. Varying the amount of liquid in the dispenser did not appear to affect dispensing.
  • the blood tube may be provided with a depth gauge in the form of rods 260 arranged in the same direction as the nozzles, as shown in Figure 26 to locate the nozzles a required distance from the bottom of container 30A.
  • the blood tube may be supported in relation to the rods 260 by a clamp 262.
  • nozzles pouring can be made more consistant by coating the inside of the nozzles with a dryed film of wetting agent such as BRIJ 35 (R.T.M.) (30% solution) having a dilution of 1000:1. If the diameter is increased above 3.4 mm there is a danger that the dispenser may continue to pour after it is lifted clear of the receiving vessel.
  • a dryed film of wetting agent such as BRIJ 35 (R.T.M.) (30% solution) having a dilution of 1000:1. If the diameter is increased above 3.4 mm there is a danger that the dispenser may continue to pour after it is lifted clear of the receiving vessel.
  • liquid dispensing will, in the main, be conducted at a substantially constant temperature of 22 o C.
  • a liquid dispenser according to the invention also operates satisfactorily at the latter temperature in terminating dispensing predeterminably.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Devices For Use In Laboratory Experiments (AREA)
EP19820305200 1981-10-23 1982-09-30 Distributeur pour liquides Expired EP0078109B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8132074 1981-10-23
GB8132074 1981-10-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0078109A1 true EP0078109A1 (fr) 1983-05-04
EP0078109B1 EP0078109B1 (fr) 1988-06-08

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ID=10525364

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19820305200 Expired EP0078109B1 (fr) 1981-10-23 1982-09-30 Distributeur pour liquides

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0078109B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5880541A (fr)
DE (1) DE3278622D1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2273132A (en) * 1992-12-01 1994-06-08 Leslie Martin Bamford Apparatus for extruding bait for fishing.
WO1999066855A1 (fr) * 1998-06-19 1999-12-29 Heraeus Kulzer Gmbh & Co. Kg Cartouche destinee a recevoir des materiaux dentaires pateux
EP1867972A1 (fr) * 2005-03-14 2007-12-19 Nipro Corporation Récipient d échantillonnage de liquide
WO2009027422A2 (fr) * 2007-08-28 2009-03-05 Ge Healthcare Limited Buse pour polariseur à polarisation nucléaire dynamique

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101194154A (zh) * 2005-06-08 2008-06-04 尼普洛株式会社 试样采取液容器

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR7861E (fr) * 1906-01-26 1907-11-14 Emile Dusart Bouchon mécanique de sureté, avec emploi du liège
FR409018A (fr) * 1909-11-11 1910-04-11 Gaston Buisson Bouchon verseur
GB103769A (en) * 1916-07-26 1917-02-08 William Edward Silverthorne Improvements in and relating to Pour Outs for Bottles and the like.
US1902892A (en) * 1931-08-29 1933-03-28 Jr Francis M Pottenger Bottle stopper and flask connecter
FR1122616A (fr) * 1955-02-24 1956-09-11 Perfectionnements apportés aux dispositifs pour le transvasement d'une substance liquide ou pulvérulente, notamment d'une substance thérapeutique
FR1380706A (fr) * 1963-10-23 1964-12-04 Dispositif pour le transvasement d'un fluide d'un récipient à un autre
CH416446A (de) * 1963-11-06 1966-06-30 Hoffmann Ag Geb Dosendeckel mit Ausgiesser
US3900123A (en) * 1974-02-04 1975-08-19 Teledyne Mid America Corp Child resistant closure for collapsible tube
US3939822A (en) * 1974-08-14 1976-02-24 Jack Markowitz Disposable blood collection and filtering device

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR7861E (fr) * 1906-01-26 1907-11-14 Emile Dusart Bouchon mécanique de sureté, avec emploi du liège
FR409018A (fr) * 1909-11-11 1910-04-11 Gaston Buisson Bouchon verseur
GB103769A (en) * 1916-07-26 1917-02-08 William Edward Silverthorne Improvements in and relating to Pour Outs for Bottles and the like.
US1902892A (en) * 1931-08-29 1933-03-28 Jr Francis M Pottenger Bottle stopper and flask connecter
FR1122616A (fr) * 1955-02-24 1956-09-11 Perfectionnements apportés aux dispositifs pour le transvasement d'une substance liquide ou pulvérulente, notamment d'une substance thérapeutique
FR1380706A (fr) * 1963-10-23 1964-12-04 Dispositif pour le transvasement d'un fluide d'un récipient à un autre
CH416446A (de) * 1963-11-06 1966-06-30 Hoffmann Ag Geb Dosendeckel mit Ausgiesser
US3900123A (en) * 1974-02-04 1975-08-19 Teledyne Mid America Corp Child resistant closure for collapsible tube
US3939822A (en) * 1974-08-14 1976-02-24 Jack Markowitz Disposable blood collection and filtering device

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2273132A (en) * 1992-12-01 1994-06-08 Leslie Martin Bamford Apparatus for extruding bait for fishing.
GB2273132B (en) * 1992-12-01 1995-12-06 Leslie Martin Bamford Apparatus for extruding bait for fishing
WO1999066855A1 (fr) * 1998-06-19 1999-12-29 Heraeus Kulzer Gmbh & Co. Kg Cartouche destinee a recevoir des materiaux dentaires pateux
EP1867972A1 (fr) * 2005-03-14 2007-12-19 Nipro Corporation Récipient d échantillonnage de liquide
EP1867972A4 (fr) * 2005-03-14 2009-04-08 Nipro Corp Récipient d échantillonnage de liquide
WO2009027422A2 (fr) * 2007-08-28 2009-03-05 Ge Healthcare Limited Buse pour polariseur à polarisation nucléaire dynamique
WO2009027422A3 (fr) * 2007-08-28 2009-09-03 Ge Healthcare Limited Buse pour polariseur à polarisation nucléaire dynamique
CN101790692A (zh) * 2007-08-28 2010-07-28 通用电气健康护理有限公司 用于动态核自旋极化(dnp)的极化器的管嘴
RU2475770C2 (ru) * 2007-08-28 2013-02-20 Джи-И Хелткер Лимитед Устройство и установочный кожух для растворения и выведения замороженного поляризованного образца и контейнер для содержания такого образца
AU2008292171B2 (en) * 2007-08-28 2014-06-05 Ge Healthcare Limited Improvements relating to nozzles for frozen polarized materials
CN104076308A (zh) * 2007-08-28 2014-10-01 通用电气健康护理有限公司 用于溶解冻结的极化样本的装置及其用途

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5880541A (ja) 1983-05-14
EP0078109B1 (fr) 1988-06-08
DE3278622D1 (en) 1988-07-14

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