EP0074156A2 - Piston in an internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Piston in an internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0074156A2 EP0074156A2 EP82301515A EP82301515A EP0074156A2 EP 0074156 A2 EP0074156 A2 EP 0074156A2 EP 82301515 A EP82301515 A EP 82301515A EP 82301515 A EP82301515 A EP 82301515A EP 0074156 A2 EP0074156 A2 EP 0074156A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- liquid
- oil
- heat
- exchanger
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/16—Pistons having cooling means
- F02F3/18—Pistons having cooling means the means being a liquid or solid coolant, e.g. sodium, in a closed chamber in piston
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/16—Pistons having cooling means
- F02F3/20—Pistons having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston
- F02F3/22—Pistons having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston the fluid being liquid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
Definitions
- the present invention relates to pistons for internal combustion engines, and is particularly concerned with the cooling performance of such pistons.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-section view showing a known type of oil-cooled piston used in a large diesel engine.
- 01 is a piston rod
- 02 a cooling oil feed pipe
- 03 a piston cooling inner housing
- 04 is a piston crown. Cooling oil fed through a passageway 021 in the oil feed pipe 02 within the piston rod 01 enters through an oil passageway 031 within the inner housing 03 into a toroidal cooling chamber 041 formed by the piston crown 04 and the inner housing 03, and passes through a plurality of holes 042 which rise from the chamber 041 into another ring shaped chamber 043 formed partly in the inner housing and the junction of the crown and sides of the piston,where it continues the cooling process.
- FIG 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a known type of water-cooled piston. Whilst the structure is somewhat similar to that shown in Figure 1, because water is used as a cooling medium, it requires a more complex system.
- 101 is a piston rod
- 102 and 103 are cooling water inlet and outlet pipes, respectively, which consist of so-called telescopic tubes
- 104 is an inner housing
- 105 is a piston crown. Externally introduced cooling water passes through a double-tube arrangement (not shown) to the cooling water inlet pipe 102 in Figure 2, thence it passes through the inner housing to toroidal chambers 151 and 152.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid-cooled type piston whose cooling properties are as good as those of the water-cooled type, yet does not suffer from the problems of corrosion fatigue and the limited life of the telescopic tube packing.
- such a liquid cooled type piston is characterised in that the liquid is sealingly enclosed within a sealed cooling space provided within the piston so as to form a free surface, in that a heat-exchanger for effecting heat transfer between said liquid and oil supplied to the heat exchanger is associated with said sealed space, and in that the oil within said heat-exchanger is arranged to be fed and discharqed through oil passageways connected to the exterior of the piston.
- liquid preferably having a boiling point less than 200°C is introduced into a sealed space within the piston where it forms a free surface, whilst its main body is in contact with a heat-exchanger where heat is transferred between said liquid and oil, which is supplied throu q h oil passages from a source exterior to the piston.
- the present invention has wide application to medium and large size diesel engines, other internal combustion engines and reciprocating machines such as air compressors and the like.
- in this preferred embodiment 1 is a piston rod, 4 a piston crown fastened to the piston rod 1 by means of bolts 22, whilst 23 is a sealed space bounded by the cooling surface 4a of the piston crown 4 and the upper surface of the piston rod 1, and 3 is a heat-exchanger located above the piston rod 1.
- the heat-exchanger 3 is disposed so that its heat transfer surface is exposed in the sealed chamber 23, and it is fastened to the piston rod 1 by means of a bolt 24, Also, 2 is a coolant oil pipe, 21 a cooling oil inlet passageway formed within the cooling oil pipe 2 and 11 is a cooling oil outlet annulus formed by the periphery of the cooling oil pipe 2 and the axial bore of the piston rod 1, the cooling oil inlet passageway 21 and the outlet annulus 11 being connected to the heat-exchanger 3.
- a quantity of liquid A (preferably a neutral liquid such as water) having a boiling point of 200°C or lower at ambient pressure is sealed into the chamber 23 jointly with a quantity of air or inert gas (e.g. nitrogen, argon, helium, etc.) B above its free surface 20.
- a quantity of air or inert gas e.g. nitrogen, argon, helium, etc.
- the piston As the engine performs its rotary motion the piston is subjected to a vertical reciprocating motion, which causes the liquid A sealed within the chamber 23 to be violently agitated inside the piston. Consequently, the underside of the piston crown is continuouslv washed by the liquid A and heat is transferred in the process. Once the boiling point of the liquid A has been reached, the rate of heat transfer from the piston crown to the liquid increases by a factor of 10 or more.
- the heat received by the liquid A in the above-described manner is continuously transferred to a supply of cooling oil C in the heat-exchanger 3, and the heated oil is then discharged through the outlet passageway 11 into a crank case (not shown), or to the exterior of the engine.
- the coolant is sealed within the chamber, there is no possibility of combustion products mixing with the coolant, and moreover, if an inert qas is also sealed with the coolant, corrosion of the underside of the piston crown is eliminated.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
- Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to pistons for internal combustion engines, and is particularly concerned with the cooling performance of such pistons.
- Figure 1 is a cross-section view showing a known type of oil-cooled piston used in a large diesel engine. In this figure, 01 is a piston rod, 02 a cooling oil feed pipe, 03 a piston cooling inner housing and 04 is a piston crown. Cooling oil fed through a
passageway 021 in theoil feed pipe 02 within thepiston rod 01 enters through an oil passageway 031 within theinner housing 03 into atoroidal cooling chamber 041 formed by thepiston crown 04 and theinner housing 03, and passes through a plurality of holes 042 which rise from thechamber 041 into another ringshaped chamber 043 formed partly in the inner housing and the junction of the crown and sides of the piston,where it continues the cooling process. After the oil has cooled this region of the piston, it gathers at the centre of the piston crown and cools its upper surface, then drains through anoil passageway 032 within theinner housing 03, and is discharged via anoil discharge passageway 011 within the piston rod into a crank case (not shown) or to a system external to the engine. - However, this arrangement suffers from the following disadvantage :
- Although the oil-cooling system is satisfactory in that it provides a simple internal structure for the engine, oil has a lower heat transfer capability as compared to water, and hence in the case of a high output engine with a high thermal load, in order to sufficiently reduce the surface temperature of the piston crown,it is necessary to restrict the thickness of the crown. However, this causes the temperature of the sides of the cooling surface to rise and leads to a significant deterioration of the coolinq oil where carbonaceous materials may be deposited on the side of the cooling surface which can result in a reduction of the cooling effect.
- Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a known type of water-cooled piston. Whilst the structure is somewhat similar to that shown in Figure 1, because water is used as a cooling medium, it requires a more complex system. In this Figure 101 is a piston rod, 102 and 103 are cooling water inlet and outlet pipes, respectively, which consist of so-called telescopic tubes, 104 is an inner housing, and 105 is a piston crown. Externally introduced cooling water passes through a double-tube arrangement (not shown) to the cooling
water inlet pipe 102 in Figure 2, thence it passes through the inner housing totoroidal chambers 151 and 152. Thereafter it passes into anothertoroidal chamber 154 where it cools the outer regions of the piston crown and the piston ring grooves as it passes through a large number of cooling holes 153, which connect thetoroidal chambers passageway 142 within the inner housing, and is discharged via theoutlet pipe 103 and through a double-tube arranqement (not shown) exterior to the engine. - The disadvantages of this arrangement are as follows :
- Despite the improvement in the cooling effect due to the greater heat transfer capability of water as a cooling medium, the use of sliding telescopic tubes present sealing problems. Since it is not possible to seal such sliding tubes completely, the cooling water becomes contaminated with products of combustion which are gradually deposited on the inner surface of the cooling chambers, where it acts as an insulating medium. Furthermore, as these combustion products are dissolved in the cooling water, it gradually becomes acidic, and therefore, corrosion is liable to occur on cooling surfaces inside the piston. As a result, the fatigue strength of the piston may be reduced, which could lead to cracking or damage to the piston.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid-cooled type piston whose cooling properties are as good as those of the water-cooled type, yet does not suffer from the problems of corrosion fatigue and the limited life of the telescopic tube packing.
- According to this invention, such a liquid cooled type piston is characterised in that the liquid is sealingly enclosed within a sealed cooling space provided within the piston so as to form a free surface, in that a heat-exchanger for effecting heat transfer between said liquid and oil supplied to the heat exchanger is associated with said sealed space, and in that the oil within said heat-exchanger is arranged to be fed and discharqed through oil passageways connected to the exterior of the piston. Thus, in accordance with the invention, liquid, preferably having a boiling point less than 200°C is introduced into a sealed space within the piston where it forms a free surface, whilst its main body is in contact with a heat-exchanger where heat is transferred between said liquid and oil, which is supplied throuqh oil passages from a source exterior to the piston.
- The present invention has wide application to medium and large size diesel engines, other internal combustion engines and reciprocating machines such as air compressors and the like.
- In the following, one preferred embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which :-
- Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a known type of oil-cooled piston.
- Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a known type of water-cooled piston, and
- Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a piston accordinq to one preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- Referring to Figure 3, in this
preferred embodiment 1 is a piston rod, 4 a piston crown fastened to thepiston rod 1 by means ofbolts 22, whilst 23 is a sealed space bounded by thecooling surface 4a of the piston crown 4 and the upper surface of thepiston rod 1, and 3 is a heat-exchanger located above thepiston rod 1. The heat-exchanger 3 is disposed so that its heat transfer surface is exposed in the sealedchamber 23, and it is fastened to thepiston rod 1 by means of abolt 24, Also, 2 is a coolant oil pipe, 21 a cooling oil inlet passageway formed within thecooling oil pipe 2 and 11 is a cooling oil outlet annulus formed by the periphery of thecooling oil pipe 2 and the axial bore of thepiston rod 1, the coolingoil inlet passageway 21 and the outlet annulus 11 being connected to the heat-exchanger 3. - A quantity of liquid A (preferably a neutral liquid such as water) having a boiling point of 200°C or lower at ambient pressure is sealed into the
chamber 23 jointly with a quantity of air or inert gas (e.g. nitrogen, argon, helium, etc.) B above itsfree surface 20. - The operation of the piston as constructed in the above-described manner is as follows
- As the engine performs its rotary motion the piston is subjected to a vertical reciprocating motion, which causes the liquid A sealed within the
chamber 23 to be violently agitated inside the piston. Consequently, the underside of the piston crown is continuouslv washed by the liquid A and heat is transferred in the process. Once the boiling point of the liquid A has been reached, the rate of heat transfer from the piston crown to the liquid increases by a factor of 10 or more. - The heat received by the liquid A in the above-described manner is continuously transferred to a supply of cooling oil C in the heat-exchanger 3, and the heated oil is then discharged through the outlet passageway 11 into a crank case (not shown), or to the exterior of the engine.
- In the above-described case, the following advantaqes are obtained :-
- In the case of the piston according to the present invention, since the medium that directly cools the piston is a liquid having a boiling point of 200°C or lower, the convection heat transfer rate is high, and moreover, once the temperature of the liquid rises above boiling point, the heat transfer rate rises by a factor of 10 or more (called the "nucleate boiling region"). This ensures that the temperature of the sides of the sealed chamber within the piston does not greatly exceed the boiling point of the liquid.
- Furthermore, because in the case of the piston accordinq to the present invention, the coolant is sealed within the chamber, there is no possibility of combustion products mixing with the coolant, and moreover, if an inert qas is also sealed with the coolant, corrosion of the underside of the piston crown is eliminated.
- Still further, since the heat is eventually carried away by the oil, the previously described advantaqe of the oil-cooled type of piston is retained, in that the internal structure is simple and there is no danger of water leakage and the like; yet since the oil is not in direct contact with the high-temperature surface, there is little likelihood that the oil will deteriorate.
- Thereby, the reliability and life of a piston in the thermally loaded condition are greatly improved, whilst at the same time the reliability of the cooling system per se is also improved.
- The reason why a coolant having a boiling point of 200°C or less at ambient pressure is preferred is because the piston ring groove temperature is limited to about 2000C to provide satisfactory lubrication of the piston rings; the lubricating properties of lubricating oil are degraded if this limit is exceeded.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP139246/81 | 1981-09-05 | ||
JP13924681A JPS5841248A (en) | 1981-09-05 | 1981-09-05 | Piston |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0074156A2 true EP0074156A2 (en) | 1983-03-16 |
EP0074156A3 EP0074156A3 (en) | 1984-02-08 |
Family
ID=15240849
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP82301515A Withdrawn EP0074156A3 (en) | 1981-09-05 | 1982-03-23 | Piston in an internal combustion engine |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0074156A3 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5841248A (en) |
DK (1) | DK190082A (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0745181B1 (en) * | 1994-02-17 | 1997-09-03 | Ficht GmbH & Co. KG | Two-stroke engine |
DE19712090C1 (en) * | 1997-03-22 | 1998-04-02 | Man B & W Diesel Gmbh | Reciprocating piston engine, especially large diesel engine |
DE102004038945A1 (en) * | 2004-08-11 | 2006-02-23 | Mahle International Gmbh | Light metal piston with heat pipes |
DE102004056769A1 (en) * | 2004-11-24 | 2006-06-01 | Federal-Mogul Nürnberg GmbH | Piston for an internal combustion engine and combination of a piston with an oil injection assembly |
DE102009027148A1 (en) * | 2009-06-24 | 2010-12-30 | Federal-Mogul Nürnberg GmbH | Piston i.e. aluminum piston, for diesel engine, has cooling channel system comprising inlets and outlets for cooling medium, where inlets are provided at one cooling channel and outlets are provided at other cooling channel |
FR2962169A1 (en) * | 2010-07-01 | 2012-01-06 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Metal alloy piston for diesel type internal combustion engine to displace alternatively in direction and parallel direction to central axis of piston, has non-return valve allowing prevention of passage of liquid phase along direction |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
MX354585B (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2018-03-09 | Etagen Inc | Methods and systems for managing a clearance gap in a piston engine. |
US9103441B2 (en) * | 2012-01-09 | 2015-08-11 | Federal-Mogul Corporation | Piston pin for heat dissipation |
CN107642431A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-01-30 | 中国北方发动机研究所(天津) | Double oil inlet and oil return waveforms vibrate cooling oil chamber |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1678957A (en) * | 1925-01-29 | 1928-07-31 | Busch Sulzer Bros Diesel Engine Co | Piston cooling |
CH127857A (en) * | 1927-04-01 | 1928-09-17 | Otto Philipp | Device for cooling the piston of internal combustion engines. |
US2153501A (en) * | 1936-04-29 | 1939-04-04 | H B Motor Corp | Piston for internal combustion engines |
CH262378A (en) * | 1947-06-02 | 1949-06-30 | Sulzer Ag | Method for cooling pistons with throughflow cooling, in particular for internal combustion engines, and device for carrying out the method. |
FR2022607A1 (en) * | 1968-11-05 | 1970-07-31 | Ihc Holland Nv |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5315853U (en) * | 1976-07-20 | 1978-02-09 |
-
1981
- 1981-09-05 JP JP13924681A patent/JPS5841248A/en active Pending
-
1982
- 1982-03-23 EP EP82301515A patent/EP0074156A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1982-04-28 DK DK190082A patent/DK190082A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1678957A (en) * | 1925-01-29 | 1928-07-31 | Busch Sulzer Bros Diesel Engine Co | Piston cooling |
CH127857A (en) * | 1927-04-01 | 1928-09-17 | Otto Philipp | Device for cooling the piston of internal combustion engines. |
US2153501A (en) * | 1936-04-29 | 1939-04-04 | H B Motor Corp | Piston for internal combustion engines |
CH262378A (en) * | 1947-06-02 | 1949-06-30 | Sulzer Ag | Method for cooling pistons with throughflow cooling, in particular for internal combustion engines, and device for carrying out the method. |
FR2022607A1 (en) * | 1968-11-05 | 1970-07-31 | Ihc Holland Nv |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0745181B1 (en) * | 1994-02-17 | 1997-09-03 | Ficht GmbH & Co. KG | Two-stroke engine |
DE19712090C1 (en) * | 1997-03-22 | 1998-04-02 | Man B & W Diesel Gmbh | Reciprocating piston engine, especially large diesel engine |
DE102004038945A1 (en) * | 2004-08-11 | 2006-02-23 | Mahle International Gmbh | Light metal piston with heat pipes |
DE102004056769A1 (en) * | 2004-11-24 | 2006-06-01 | Federal-Mogul Nürnberg GmbH | Piston for an internal combustion engine and combination of a piston with an oil injection assembly |
US7735462B2 (en) | 2004-11-24 | 2010-06-15 | Federal-Mogul Nurnberg Gmbh | Piston for an internal combustion engine and combination a piston provided with an oil injection device |
DE102009027148A1 (en) * | 2009-06-24 | 2010-12-30 | Federal-Mogul Nürnberg GmbH | Piston i.e. aluminum piston, for diesel engine, has cooling channel system comprising inlets and outlets for cooling medium, where inlets are provided at one cooling channel and outlets are provided at other cooling channel |
DE102009027148B4 (en) * | 2009-06-24 | 2015-02-12 | Federal-Mogul Nürnberg GmbH | Piston for an internal combustion engine with cooling duct system |
FR2962169A1 (en) * | 2010-07-01 | 2012-01-06 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Metal alloy piston for diesel type internal combustion engine to displace alternatively in direction and parallel direction to central axis of piston, has non-return valve allowing prevention of passage of liquid phase along direction |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0074156A3 (en) | 1984-02-08 |
JPS5841248A (en) | 1983-03-10 |
DK190082A (en) | 1983-03-06 |
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Legal Events
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): CH DE FR GB LI NL SE |
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PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
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AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): CH DE FR GB LI NL SE |
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17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19840727 |
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STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
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18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19851119 |
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RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: TAKAISHI, TAKEO C/O NAGASAKI TECHNICAL INSTITUTE Inventor name: TATEISHI, MATAJIC/O NAGASAKI TECHNICAL INSTITUTE |