EP0071124A2 - Forge-proof document and method for its production - Google Patents
Forge-proof document and method for its production Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0071124A2 EP0071124A2 EP82106441A EP82106441A EP0071124A2 EP 0071124 A2 EP0071124 A2 EP 0071124A2 EP 82106441 A EP82106441 A EP 82106441A EP 82106441 A EP82106441 A EP 82106441A EP 0071124 A2 EP0071124 A2 EP 0071124A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- document according
- information carrier
- alkyleneimine
- poly
- film
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
- B42D25/405—Marking
- B42D25/415—Marking using chemicals
- B42D25/42—Marking using chemicals by photographic processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
- B42D25/45—Associating two or more layers
- B42D25/455—Associating two or more layers using heat
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
- B42D25/45—Associating two or more layers
- B42D25/46—Associating two or more layers using pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
- B42D25/45—Associating two or more layers
- B42D25/465—Associating two or more layers using chemicals or adhesives
- B42D25/47—Associating two or more layers using chemicals or adhesives using adhesives
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C11/00—Auxiliary processes in photography
- G03C11/08—Varnishing, e.g. application of protective layers on finished photographic prints
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- B42D2033/04—
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- B42D2033/14—
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- B42D2033/28—
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- B42D2033/30—
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- B42D2035/08—
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S283/00—Printed matter
- Y10S283/904—Credit card
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/916—Fraud or tamper detecting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
- Y10T428/24843—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] with heat sealable or heat releasable adhesive layer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
- Y10T428/24893—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including particulate material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a photographic information carrier which is laminated on one or both sides with plastic films, and to a method for producing the tamper-proof document.
- Forgery-proof documents are becoming increasingly important. You will e.g. used in the form of credit cards from banks, retail stores, oil companies, airlines or credit companies to facilitate cashless payments. Such documents contain information that relates to the owner as well as the body issuing the document and that is in both interests to be protected against counterfeiting. There has been no shortage of attempts to provide information carriers of the type mentioned above in a forgery-proof manner.
- the laminating film is used in places prepared in such a way that it does not adhere to the prepared areas on the paper surface of the foils.
- An attempt to subsequently peel off the laminating film then has the consequence that, when the unprepared areas are reached, the tear breaks away from the paper surface due to the lower resistance and tears the paper surface (DE-OS 2 511 367).
- a printed information carrier consisting of a paper card and a foil border, a so-called “composite ticking”, is welded between two transparent foils.
- the film border provides for an edge seal that encompasses the edges of the paper card, which makes it difficult to split the welded card (DE-OS 2 756 691).
- GB-PS 1 518 946 it is known to weld a photographic paper as an information carrier into a pair of transparent laminated foils by applying pressure and temperature.
- Commercially available films are used for this purpose, which consist of an outer polyethylene terephthalate layer and an inner polyethylene layer.
- a disadvantage of the known lamination processes is that the foils used for this purpose only incompletely bond to the surface of the information carrier during welding and thus only one provide conditional protection against counterfeiting. Edge welding also does not mean a significant improvement under these circumstances, since it can be easily removed and replaced again.
- the known lamination processes also have the disadvantage that the laminated film can be separated from the paper backing by heating or by chemical means.
- the invention has for its object to provide a tamper-proof document with an information carrier in the form of a photographically and printing technology prepared photographic material in which the entire surface of the information carrier is inextricably linked with a transparent film material and the information attached to the information carrier without destroying the Information carriers are no longer accessible and are therefore reliably protected against subsequent changes.
- the invention relates to a forgery-proof document consisting of an information carrier laminated with information on one or both sides with at least one transparent film and formed from a photographic material, the document being characterized in that the film has an adhesive layer, the poly-1, Contains 2-alkyleneimine, is connected to the surface of the information carrier.
- the polyalkyleneimine resins used in the adhesive layer according to the invention are in principle polymerization products of ethyleneimine and its C and N substitution products.
- the reactions leading to such polymerization products, which can contain oxygen, sulfur or phosphorus as heteroatoms in addition to nitrogen, are described in "Methods of Organic Chemistry (Houben-Weyl)" Volume XIV / 2, pages 568-579.
- Details of polymerized C-alkyl and N-alkyl derivatives of ethyleneimine can be found in German Patents 888 170 and 914 325. Further attention is drawn to G.D. Jones, J. Org. Chem. 9, 484 (1944); L.D. Klapp, Am. Soc. 70, 184 (1948); Y. Minoura, M. Takebayashi and C.C. Price, Am. Soc. 81: 4689 (1959); H. Bestian, Ang. Ch. 62, 451 (1950).
- polyalkyleneimine resins have been found to be homopolymers or copolymers of ethyleneimine, propyleneimine and butyleneimine, e.g. those described in U.S. Patent 3,418,204, and particularly those described in U.S. Patent 3,909,469. Polyethyleneimine with a molecular weight of 40,000 to 60,000 is preferred.
- the present adhesive layers are produced from aqueous solutions or dispersions which contain polyalkyleneimine, optionally an acid or an alkylating agent and preferably a modifying agent. These are non-gelling aqueous solutions.
- Saturated or unsaturated lower aliphatic ketones are suitable as modifiers and aldehydes, preferably with up to 6 carbon atoms, for example formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, chloral, acetone or acrolein.
- a preferred modifier is formaldehyde.
- Polyfunctional compounds which are able to react with the poly-1,2-alkyleneimine, in particular with its imino groups have also proven to be suitable modifiers.
- Examples are polyhalohydrins, polyisocyanates, polyepoxides and polyaziridinyl compounds such as e.g. Epichlorohydrin, hexamethylene diisocyanate, polyvinylcyclohexene dioxide, tris (1-aziridinyl) phosphine oxide, finally unsaturated carboxylic acids and their derivatives such as chlorides and esters, e.g. Acrylic acid, acrylic acid chloride or acrylates.
- Acids suitable for this purpose are inorganic and organic acids, for example aliphatic carboxylic acids having up to 6 carbon atoms, such as, for example, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, malonic acid and succinic acid or their anhydrides. Acetic acid is preferred.
- carboxylic acids can also be used which have only limited solubility in water. In these cases it is possible to increase the solubility of the carboxylic acids by dissolving them in an organic solvent that is miscible with water, for example alcohol.
- hydrohalic acids sulfonic acids
- boron fluoride boron fluoride etherate
- diazonium fluoroborates alkyl halides
- dialkyl sulfates carboxylic acid and sulfonic acid chlorides or sulfonic acid esters.
- compounds which split off acids such as, for example, ⁇ -chloroethylamine, amine hydrochloride and also certain silver salts, especially silver perchlorates, are also effective.
- the composition of the adhesive layer solution can be varied within wide limits.
- An example of a suitable composition is an adhesive layer solution which contains 0.05 to 10% by weight of poly-1,2-alkyleneimine, 0.01 to 2% by weight of modifying agent and optionally 0.01 to 1% by weight a carboxylic acid, based on the carboxyl groups of the carboxylic acid.
- a preferred adhesive layer composition contains 0.1 to 5% by weight of polyethyleneimine, 0.05 to 1% by weight of modifying agent, optionally 0.05 to 0.2% by weight of a carboxylic acid as defined above and the remainder water or others additives necessary for setting certain properties.
- the adhesive layers used in the manner according to the invention develop excellent adhesive properties and a surprising resistance to water during drying.
- a thickener can be added to the aqueous adhesive layer solution, or a resin, which further improves the water resistance of the adhesive layer after heat treatment, or a defoaming agent to prevent foaming, which can have disadvantages for the use of the adhesive solution .
- thickener an additional resin or a defoaming agent is intended, these additives can be used individually or together in the following amounts by weight: 0.01 to 1% by weight of thickener, for example a thickener from the group consisting of hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and methyl cellulose, 0.01 to 2% by weight a resin such as melamine formaldehyde or urea formaldehyde resin, and 0.01 to 0.1% by weight of a defoaming agent such as dimethylpolysiloxane.
- thickener for example a thickener from the group consisting of hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and methyl cellulose, 0.01 to 2% by weight a resin such as melamine formaldehyde or urea formaldehyde resin, and 0.01 to 0.1% by weight of a defoaming agent such as dimethylpolysiloxane.
- the weight ratio of the thickeners or the resins to the polyalkyleneimine depends on the nature of these additives. In general, ratios of 1: 1 to 1: 100, preferably 1: 3 to 1:30, are suitable.
- Thermoplastics such as e.g. Polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, cellulose esters, polyvinyl acetate, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl fluoride, polytetrahalogenethylene, polycarbonate, in particular based on bisphenol A, polyester, in particular based on polyethylene and polybutylene terephthalate, polyamides, e.g. Polyamide-6 or polyamide-6,6, polyamide-12 or copolyamides.
- Polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, cellulose esters, polyvinyl acetate, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl fluoride, polytetrahalogenethylene, polycarbonate, in particular based on bisphenol A, polyester, in particular based on polyethylene and polybutylene terephthalate, polyamides, e.g.
- So-called composite films made of individual films of the same and different chemical composition can of course also be used.
- Examples include: polyethylene / polyamides, polypropylene / polyamides or polyolefin films with other film materials such as polyesters, for example polyethylene terephthalate.
- Suitable Films and composite films are described in Ullmanns Encyklopadie der Technischen Chemie, 4th edition, volume 11, pages 673 ff.
- the individual foils can be connected by customary known, but preferably by the same adhesive layers that also serve to connect the composite foil to the information carrier.
- the thickness of the foils used according to the invention depends on the desired rigidity of the identification document. In general, film thicknesses between 15 and 250 ⁇ m will suffice; thicknesses between 50 and 200 ⁇ m are preferred.
- the surface of the film intended to take up the adhesive layer composition can be subjected to a pretreatment prior to coating to improve the bond between the film and the adhesive layer, which ensures a uniform application of the coating solution and increases its adhesive strength. Good results are obtained e.g. with a normal corona treatment.
- the adhesive layer composition can be applied to the film by means of those customary in the paint industry Methods such as spraying, rolling, knife coating, printing, dipping, spinning, flooding, brushing, brushing etc. are used.
- the dry layer thickness of the adhesive layer depends on the desired requirements and the expected adhesive effect. In general, usable results will be achieved with dry film thicknesses of 0.05 to 10 ⁇ m. Dry layer thicknesses of 0.05 to 2 ⁇ m are preferred. Dry layer applications of 0.05-0.5 g per m ', based on poly-1,2-alkenyleneimine, are particularly preferred.
- the information carrier will generally consist of a photographic material which is constructed in the usual way, that is to say a light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, on a conventional layer carrier.
- the silver or dye information contained in this layer is produced by imagewise exposure and the usual photographic processing.
- Both photographic paper and films containing black and white or color photographic recordings, image and / or characters and / or other information or other identification features can be used as information carriers.
- the layer support of such photographic information carriers can consist of the usual materials used in technical or image photography. Examples include: papers, papers provided with reflective layers, polyolefin-coated papers, the usual film supports, for example made of cellulose triacetate or poly esters, optionally as pigmented, opaque substrates.
- the photographic emulsion or auxiliary layers of such information carriers have the compositions commonly used in photographic materials.
- Examples of light-sensitive photographic layers with which the information carrier can be equipped are layers which are based on non-sensitized silver halide emulsions or spectrally sensitized silver halide emulsions.
- the known gelatin layers used for the various photographic black and white and color processes, negative, positive and diffusion transfer processes or printing processes are therefore suitable.
- gelatin alone can be contained as a binder in the photographic gelatin layers.
- they can also be chemically modified gelatins, e.g. acylated, acetylated, hydroxylated, esterified or modified by graft polymerization in a known manner, or else mixtures with other hydrophilic colloids, e.g.
- the layers can also contain the additives customary for changing the mechanical properties of photographic layers, e.g. Polymers based on acrylate or methacrylate, styrene / maleic acid copolymers or styrene / maleic anhydride half-alkyl ester copolymers, or coating aids such as polyethylene glycol aryl ether and other conventional photographic aids.
- the information carrier can contain further security or identification features of the most varied types, these being able to be generated both photographically and by labeling, printing or embossing.
- the information carrier according to the invention does not differ in any way from the information carriers used in known documents.
- the plastics used for the substrate of the information carrier - e.g. the plastic with which the paper base is laminated or the plastic from which the film base is made, which also includes cellulose esters - and the plastics from which the foils used to laminate the information carrier should preferably be selected so that the softening point of the Plastic of the substrate is lower than that of the film material.
- polyolefin-laminated paper is used as the layer support for the information carrier, it has proven expedient to equip the paper with a polyolefin, the melting point of which is about 10-30 ° C. lower than the melting point of the film of the film material carrying the adhesive layer.
- the film is heated to about 50 to 150 ° C and pressed against the surface of the information carrier, so that a bubble and crease-free laminate is formed.
- the lamination is supported by applying pressures in the range of 1 to 10 kp / cm 2 .
- the lamination preferably on both sides of the information carrier, is expediently carried out continuously by bringing the individual information carriers together onto the films which run off supply rolls and are provided with the adhesive layer.
- the parts containing the information carriers can then be punched out of the resulting band-shaped laminate, the welded film being separated at a distance of approximately 1 to 2 mm from the edge of the information carrier, depending on the thickness of the information carrier.
- M an is provided with a wrapping of the information carrier which is closed on all sides and which makes subsequent edge welding unnecessary.
- discontinuous lamination using sheet-shaped pieces of film leads to the same results.
- the documents described are excellent forgery-proof. Just like the foils with the information carrier, the foil parts protruding beyond the information carrier are connected to one another in a practically inseparable manner. Even with the help of heat, the document can no longer be separated without completely destroying the information carrier.
- a conventional photographic paper was used as the information carrier, the layer carrier of which consisted of paper laminated on both sides with polyethylene and which had an m 2 weight of approximately 120 g.
- the softening point of the polyethylene of the support was 110 ° C.
- the support was equipped with a light-sensitive silver halide gelatin emulsion layer and with a gelatin-containing protective layer and back layer, both of the same composition.
- a picture of the card holder together with the corresponding information was exposed, developed and fixed on the information carrier.
- the information carrier with the photographic and printing technology-applied identification features was now placed between 2 of the above-mentioned polyethylene films, the softening point of which was approximately 122 ° C., so that the adhesive layers of the films came into contact with the two surfaces of the information carrier and the films about 1 mm above the Protruding edge of the information carrier.
- the package was then passed between two rolls heated to 90 ° C. and pressed together with a pressure of approximately 1.5 kp / cm 2 .
- the polyethylene films were so firmly connected to the information carrier that when trying to separate the document after cutting the edge bonds while heated (about 100 ° C), the paper support of the information carrier was destroyed, but its remnants were removed from the films were recorded, which were also irreversibly stretched.
- the adhesive layer solution described in Example 1 was applied to a corona-irradiated polyethylene terephthalate film and this - between two rollers heated to 90 ° C. under a pressure of 5 kp / cm 2 - was glued to a likewise corona-irradiated polyethylene film, whereby a composite film was formed.
- a photographic film material was used as the information carrier which contained a layer carrier provided with the usual substrate layers and consisting of cellulose triacetate pigmented with titanium dioxide, a silver halide gelatin emulsion layer, a protective layer lying over this and a backing layer.
- the protective layer and the back layer were produced from the aqueous gelatin solutions customary for such layers.
- a picture of the card holder together with the corresponding information was exposed, developed and fixed on this information carrier.
- the polyethylene surface of the composite film was coated with the same adhesive layer composition already used in the production of the composite film and laminated to the information carrier as described in Example 1.
- the result was an ID card with excellent flatness.
- the identity document can no longer be separated without completely destroying the photographic material used as the information carrier.
- Example 2 was repeated, both for bonding the composite film itself and for bonding the composite film to the information carrier, instead of the adhesive layer described in Example 1, one made of a two-component material based on a polyisocyanate and a hydroxyl-containing resin component (laminating adhesive EPS 71 from Dr. Kurt Herberts, Wuppertal) existing adhesive layer was used.
- laminated adhesive EPS 71 from Dr. Kurt Herberts, Wuppertal
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Printing Methods (AREA)
- Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Compounds Of Unknown Constitution (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
- Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
- Holders For Sensitive Materials And Originals (AREA)
- Document Processing Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen fotografischen Informationsträger, der ein- oder beidseitig mit Kunststofffolien laminiert ist, sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des fälschungssicheren Dokuments.The invention relates to a photographic information carrier which is laminated on one or both sides with plastic films, and to a method for producing the tamper-proof document.
Fälschungssichere Dokumente gewinnen in zunehmendem Maße an Bedeutung. Sie werden z.B. in Form von Kreditkarten von Banken, Einzelhandelsgeschäften, ölgesellschaften, Fluglinien oder Kreditgesellschaften zur Erleichterung des bargeldlosen Zahlungsverkehrs verwendet. Solche Dokumente enthalten Informationen, die sich auf den Eigentümer wie auch auf die das Dokument ausgebende Stelle beziehen und die in beider Interesse vor Fälschungen zu sichern sind. Es hat deshalb nicht an Versuchen gefehlt, Informationsträger der genannten Art fälschungssicher auszurüsten.Forgery-proof documents are becoming increasingly important. You will e.g. used in the form of credit cards from banks, retail stores, oil companies, airlines or credit companies to facilitate cashless payments. Such documents contain information that relates to the owner as well as the body issuing the document and that is in both interests to be protected against counterfeiting. There has been no shortage of attempts to provide information carriers of the type mentioned above in a forgery-proof manner.
Beispielsweise ist bekannt, eine mit Informationen bedruckte Karte zwischen zwei Folien einzukaschieren. Die Kaschierfolie wird in diesem Falle stellenweise so präpariert, daB sie an den präparierten Stellen an der Papieroberfläche der Folien nicht haftet. Ein Versuch, die Kaschierfolie nachträglich abzuziehen, hat dann zur Folge, daß beim Erreichen der nicht präparierten Bereiche der Abriß dem geringeren Widerstand folgend zur Papieroberfläche ausweicht und die Papieroberfläche einreißt (DE-OS 2 511 367).For example, it is known to laminate a card printed with information between two foils. In this case, the laminating film is used in places prepared in such a way that it does not adhere to the prepared areas on the paper surface of the foils. An attempt to subsequently peel off the laminating film then has the consequence that, when the unprepared areas are reached, the tear breaks away from the paper surface due to the lower resistance and tears the paper surface (DE-OS 2 511 367).
Nach einem anderen Vorschlag wird ein aus einer Papierkarte und einer Folienumrandung bestehender bedruckter Informationsträger, ein sogenanntes "Verbundinlett", zwischen zwei Klarsichtfolien verschweißt. Die Folienumrandung sorgt bei dieser Arbeitsweise für eine die Kanten der Papierkarte umfassende Randverschweißung, welche das Aufspalten der verschweißten Karte erschwert (DE-OS 2 756 691).According to another proposal, a printed information carrier, consisting of a paper card and a foil border, a so-called “composite ticking”, is welded between two transparent foils. In this way of working, the film border provides for an edge seal that encompasses the edges of the paper card, which makes it difficult to split the welded card (DE-OS 2 756 691).
Aus der GB-PS 1 518 946 ist es bekannt, ein fotografisches Papier als Informationsträger in ein Paar transparenter laminierter Folien durch Anwendung von Druck und Temperatur randum einzuschweißen. Es werden dazu handelsübliche Folien verwendet, die aus einer äußeren Polyethylenterephthalatschicht und einer inneren Polyethylenschicht bestehen.From GB-PS 1 518 946 it is known to weld a photographic paper as an information carrier into a pair of transparent laminated foils by applying pressure and temperature. Commercially available films are used for this purpose, which consist of an outer polyethylene terephthalate layer and an inner polyethylene layer.
Nachteilig an den bekannten Kaschierungsverfahren ist, daß sich die hierfür verwendeten Folien bei der Verschweißung nur unvollkommen mit der Oberfläche des Informationsträgers verbinden und damit einen nur bedingten Schutz gegen Fälschung bieten. Auch eine Randverschweißung bedeutet unter diesen Umständen keine wesentliche Verbesserung, da sie sich mühelos entfernen und wieder erneuern läßt. Die bekannten Kaschierungsverfahren haben darüber hinaus den Nachteil, daß sich die aufkaschierte Folie von dem Papierträger durch Erwärmung oder durch chemische Mittel wieder trennen läßt.A disadvantage of the known lamination processes is that the foils used for this purpose only incompletely bond to the surface of the information carrier during welding and thus only one provide conditional protection against counterfeiting. Edge welding also does not mean a significant improvement under these circumstances, since it can be easily removed and replaced again. The known lamination processes also have the disadvantage that the laminated film can be separated from the paper backing by heating or by chemical means.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein fälschungssicheres Dokument zur Verfügung zu stellen mit einem Informationsträger in Form eines fotografisch und drucktechnisch vorbereiteten fotografischen Materials bei dem die gesamte Oberfläche des Informationsträgers mit einem transparenten Folienmaterial unlösbar verbunden ist und die auf dem Informationsträger angebrachten Informationen ohne Zerstörung des Informationsträger nicht mehr zugänglich und damit vor nachträglichen Änderungen verläßlich geschützt sind.The invention has for its object to provide a tamper-proof document with an information carrier in the form of a photographically and printing technology prepared photographic material in which the entire surface of the information carrier is inextricably linked with a transparent film material and the information attached to the information carrier without destroying the Information carriers are no longer accessible and are therefore reliably protected against subsequent changes.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein fälschungssicheres Dokument bestehend aus einem mit Informationen versehenen ein- oder beidseitig mit wenigstens einer transparenten Folie laminierten und aus einem fotografischen Material gebildeten Informationsträger, wobei das Dokument dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß die Folie über eine Haftschicht, die Poly-1,2-alkylenimin enthält, mit der Oberfläche des Informationsträgers verbunden ist.The invention relates to a forgery-proof document consisting of an information carrier laminated with information on one or both sides with at least one transparent film and formed from a photographic material, the document being characterized in that the film has an adhesive layer, the poly-1, Contains 2-alkyleneimine, is connected to the surface of the information carrier.
Die in der erfindungsgemäßen Haftschicht verwendeten Polyalkyleniminharze sind prinzipiell Polymerisationsprodukte des Ethylenimins und seiner C- und N-Substitutionsprodukte. Die zu solchen Polymerisationsprodukten, welche außer Stickstoff Sauerstoff, Schwefel oder Phosphor als Heteroatome enthalten können, führenden Reaktionen werden in "Methoden der Organischen Chemie (Houben-Weyl)" Band XIV/2, Seiten 568 - 579 beschrieben. Einzelheiten über polymerisierte C-Alkyl- und N-Alkyl-Derivate des Ethylenimins sind den DE-PSen 888 170 und 914 325 zu enthnehmen. Weiter sei hingewiesen auf G.D. Jones, J. Org. Chem. 9, 484 (1944); L.D. Klapp, Am. Soc. 70, 184 (1948); Y. Minoura, M. Takebayashi und C.C. Price, Am. Soc. 81, 4689 (1959); H. Bestian, Ang. Ch. 62, 451 (1950).The polyalkyleneimine resins used in the adhesive layer according to the invention are in principle polymerization products of ethyleneimine and its C and N substitution products. The reactions leading to such polymerization products, which can contain oxygen, sulfur or phosphorus as heteroatoms in addition to nitrogen, are described in "Methods of Organic Chemistry (Houben-Weyl)" Volume XIV / 2, pages 568-579. Details of polymerized C-alkyl and N-alkyl derivatives of ethyleneimine can be found in German Patents 888 170 and 914 325. Further attention is drawn to G.D. Jones, J. Org. Chem. 9, 484 (1944); L.D. Klapp, Am. Soc. 70, 184 (1948); Y. Minoura, M. Takebayashi and C.C. Price, Am. Soc. 81: 4689 (1959); H. Bestian, Ang. Ch. 62, 451 (1950).
Als besonders geeignete Polyalkyleniminharze haben sich Homopolymere oder Copolymere von Ethylenimin, Propylenimin und Butylenimin erwiesen, z.B. die in der US-PS 3 418 204 und insbesondere die in der US-PS 3 909 469 beschriebenen. Bevorzugt wird Polyethylenimin mit einem Molekulargewicht von 40 000 bis 60 000.Particularly suitable polyalkyleneimine resins have been found to be homopolymers or copolymers of ethyleneimine, propyleneimine and butyleneimine, e.g. those described in U.S. Patent 3,418,204, and particularly those described in U.S. Patent 3,909,469. Polyethyleneimine with a molecular weight of 40,000 to 60,000 is preferred.
Die vorliegenden Haftschichten werden aus wäßrigen Lösungen oder Dispersionen hergestellt, die Polyalkylenimin, gegebenenfalls eine Säure oder ein Alkylierungsmittel und vorzugsweise ein Modifizierungsmittel enthalten. Es handelt sich dabei um nichtgelierende wäßrige Lösungen. Als Modifizierungsmittel eignen sich gesättigte oder ungesättigte niedere aliphatische Ketone und Aldehyde, vorzugsweise mit bis zu 6 C-Atomen, z.B. Formaldehyd, Acetaldehyd, Propionaldehyd, Butyraldehyd, Chloral, Aceton oder Acrolein. Ein bevorzugtes Modifizierungsmittel ist Formaldehyd.The present adhesive layers are produced from aqueous solutions or dispersions which contain polyalkyleneimine, optionally an acid or an alkylating agent and preferably a modifying agent. These are non-gelling aqueous solutions. Saturated or unsaturated lower aliphatic ketones are suitable as modifiers and aldehydes, preferably with up to 6 carbon atoms, for example formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, chloral, acetone or acrolein. A preferred modifier is formaldehyde.
Auch polyfunktionelle Verbindungen, die mit dem Poly-1,2 alkylenimin, insbesondere mit dessen Iminogruppen zu reagieren vermögen, haben sich als geeignete Modifizierungsmittel erwiesen. Beispiele sind Polyhalohydrine, Polyisocyanate, Polyepoxide und Polyaziridinyl-Verbindungen, wie z.B. Epichlorhydrin, Hexamethylendiisocyanat, Polyvinylcyclohexendioxid, Tris-(1-Aziridinyl)-phosphinoxid, schließlich ungesättigte Carbonsäuren und ihre Derivate wie Chloride und Ester, z.B. Acrylsäure, Acrylsäurechlorid oder Acrylate.Polyfunctional compounds which are able to react with the poly-1,2-alkyleneimine, in particular with its imino groups, have also proven to be suitable modifiers. Examples are polyhalohydrins, polyisocyanates, polyepoxides and polyaziridinyl compounds such as e.g. Epichlorohydrin, hexamethylene diisocyanate, polyvinylcyclohexene dioxide, tris (1-aziridinyl) phosphine oxide, finally unsaturated carboxylic acids and their derivatives such as chlorides and esters, e.g. Acrylic acid, acrylic acid chloride or acrylates.
Die Herstellung des Polyalkylenimins als Prepolymer oder dessen Vernetzung bzw. Kettenverlängerung wird durch Säuren oder Alkylierungsmittel beschleunigt. Für diesen Zweck geeignete Säuren sind anorganische und organische Säuren, z.B. aliphatische Carbonsäuren mit bis zu 6 Kohlenstoffatomen wie z.B. Essigsäure, Propionsäure, Buttersäure, Malonsäure und Bernsteinsäure oder deren Anhydride. Essigsäure wird bevorzugt. Prinzipiell lassen sich auch Carbonsäuren.verwenden, die eine nur begrenzte Löslichkeit in Wässer besitzen. In diesen Fällen ist es möglich, die Löslichkeit der Carbonsäuren zu erhöhen, indem man sie in einem organischen Lösungsmittel, das mit Wasser mischbar ist, z.B. Alkohol, löst. Die gleiche Wirkung zeigen Halogenwasserstoffsäuren, Sulfonsäuren, oder auch Borfluorid, Borfluoridetherat, Diazoniumfluoborate, Alkylhalogenide, Dialkylsulfate, Carbonsäure- und Sulfonsäurechloride oder Sulfonsäureester. Aber auch Verbindungen, die Säuren abspalten, wie z.B. ß-Chlorethylamin, Aminhydrochloride und auch gewisse Silbersalze, vor allem Silberperchlorate, sind wirksam.The production of the polyalkyleneimine as a prepolymer or its crosslinking or chain extension is accelerated by acids or alkylating agents. Acids suitable for this purpose are inorganic and organic acids, for example aliphatic carboxylic acids having up to 6 carbon atoms, such as, for example, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, malonic acid and succinic acid or their anhydrides. Acetic acid is preferred. In principle, carboxylic acids can also be used which have only limited solubility in water. In these cases it is possible to increase the solubility of the carboxylic acids by dissolving them in an organic solvent that is miscible with water, for example alcohol. The same effect is shown by hydrohalic acids, sulfonic acids, or also boron fluoride, boron fluoride etherate, diazonium fluoroborates, alkyl halides, dialkyl sulfates, carboxylic acid and sulfonic acid chlorides or sulfonic acid esters. However, compounds which split off acids, such as, for example, β-chloroethylamine, amine hydrochloride and also certain silver salts, especially silver perchlorates, are also effective.
Die Zusammensetzung der Haftschichtlösung kann in weiten Grenzen variiert werden. Ein Beispiel für eine geeignete Zusammensetzung stellt eine Haftschichtlösung dar, die 0,05 bis 10 Gew.-% Poly-1,2-alkylenimin, 0,01 bis 2 Gew.-% Modifizierungsmittel und gegebenenfalls 0,01 bis 1 Gew.-% einer Carbonsäure, bezogen auf die Carboxylgruppen der Carbonsäure enthält. Eine bevorzugte Haftschichtzusammensetzung enthält 0,1 bis 5 Gew.-% Polyethylenimin, 0,05 bis 1 Gew.-% Modifizierungsmittel, gegebenenfalls 0,05 bis 0,2 Gew.-% einer Carbonsäure gemäß obiger Definition und als Rest Wasser bzw. weitere zur Einstellung bestimmter Eigenschaften erforderliche Zusätze. Die in erfindungsgemäßer Weise angewandten Haftschichten entwickeln beim Trocknen hervorragende Hafteigenschaften und eine überraschende Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen Wasser.The composition of the adhesive layer solution can be varied within wide limits. An example of a suitable composition is an adhesive layer solution which contains 0.05 to 10% by weight of poly-1,2-alkyleneimine, 0.01 to 2% by weight of modifying agent and optionally 0.01 to 1% by weight a carboxylic acid, based on the carboxyl groups of the carboxylic acid. A preferred adhesive layer composition contains 0.1 to 5% by weight of polyethyleneimine, 0.05 to 1% by weight of modifying agent, optionally 0.05 to 0.2% by weight of a carboxylic acid as defined above and the remainder water or others additives necessary for setting certain properties. The adhesive layers used in the manner according to the invention develop excellent adhesive properties and a surprising resistance to water during drying.
Der wäßrigen Haftschichtlösung können außer den bereits genannten Substanzen geringe Mengen eines Verdickungsmittels zugesetzt werden oder auch ein Harz, das nach Wärmebehandlung die Wasserfestigkeit der Haftschicht weiter verbessert, oder ein Entschäumungsmittel, um eine Schaumbildung, die Nachteile für die Anwendung der Haftmittellösung haben kann, zu verhindern. Falls die Verwendung eines Verdickungsmittels, eines zusätzlichen Harzes oder eines Entschäumungsmittels beabsichtigt ist, können diese Zusätze einzeln oder zusammen innerhalb folgender Gewichtsmengen angewandt werden: 0,01 bis 1 Gew.-% Verdickungsmittel, z.B. ein Verdicker aus der Gruppe Hydroxyethylcellulose, Polyvinylalkohol und Methylcellulose, 0,01 bis 2 Gew.-% eines Harzes, wie Melaminformaldehyd- oder Harnstofformaldehydharz, und 0,01 bis 0,1 Gew.-% eines Entschäumungsmittels, wie z.B. Dimethylpolysiloxan.In addition to the substances already mentioned, small amounts of a thickener can be added to the aqueous adhesive layer solution, or a resin, which further improves the water resistance of the adhesive layer after heat treatment, or a defoaming agent to prevent foaming, which can have disadvantages for the use of the adhesive solution . If using a thickener, an additional resin or a defoaming agent is intended, these additives can be used individually or together in the following amounts by weight: 0.01 to 1% by weight of thickener, for example a thickener from the group consisting of hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and methyl cellulose, 0.01 to 2% by weight a resin such as melamine formaldehyde or urea formaldehyde resin, and 0.01 to 0.1% by weight of a defoaming agent such as dimethylpolysiloxane.
Das Gewichtsverhältnis der Verdickungsmittel bzw. der Harze zum Polyalkylenimin hängt von der Art dieser Zusätze ab. Geeignet sind im allgemeinen Verhältnisse von 1:1 bis 1:100, vorzugsweise 1:3 bis 1:30.The weight ratio of the thickeners or the resins to the polyalkyleneimine depends on the nature of these additives. In general, ratios of 1: 1 to 1: 100, preferably 1: 3 to 1:30, are suitable.
Als transparente Folienmaterialien eignen sich Thermoplasten wie z.B. Polyolefine wie Polyethylen, Polypropylen, Celluloseester, Polyvinylacetat, Polystyrol, Polyvinylchlorid, Polyvinylidenchlorid, Polyvinylfluorid, Polytetrahalogenethylen, Polycarbonat, insbesondere auf der Basis von Bisphenol A, Polyester, insbesondere auf Basis von Polyethylen- und Polybutylenterephthalat, Polyamide, z.B. Polyamid-6 oder Polyamid-6,6, Polyamid-12 oder Copolyamide.Thermoplastics such as e.g. Polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, cellulose esters, polyvinyl acetate, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl fluoride, polytetrahalogenethylene, polycarbonate, in particular based on bisphenol A, polyester, in particular based on polyethylene and polybutylene terephthalate, polyamides, e.g. Polyamide-6 or polyamide-6,6, polyamide-12 or copolyamides.
Es können natürlich auch sogenannte Verbundfolien aus Einzelfolien gleicher und unterschiedlicher chemischer Zusammensetzung verwendet werden. Als Beispiele seien genannt: Polyethylen/Polyamide, Polypropylen/Polyamide oder Polyolefinfolien mit anderen Folienmaterialien wie Polyestern, z.B. Polyethylenterephthalat. Geeignete Folien und Verbundfolien werden in Ullmanns Encyklopädie der Technischen Chemie, 4. Auflage, Band 11, Seiten 673 ff beschrieben.So-called composite films made of individual films of the same and different chemical composition can of course also be used. Examples include: polyethylene / polyamides, polypropylene / polyamides or polyolefin films with other film materials such as polyesters, for example polyethylene terephthalate. Suitable Films and composite films are described in Ullmanns Encyklopadie der Technischen Chemie, 4th edition, volume 11, pages 673 ff.
Falls zur Laminierung Verbundfolien verwendet werden, so können die Einzelfolien durch übliche bekannte, vorzugsweise aber durch die gleichen Haftschichten verbunden werden, die auch zur Verbindung der Verbundfolie mit dem Informationsträger dienen.If composite foils are used for lamination, the individual foils can be connected by customary known, but preferably by the same adhesive layers that also serve to connect the composite foil to the information carrier.
Die Dicke der erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Folien richtet sich nach der gewünschten Steifigkeit des Ausweisdokumentes. Im allgemeinen werden Foliendicken zwischen 15 und 250 um ausreichen, bevorzugt sind Dicken zwischen 50 und 200 um.The thickness of the foils used according to the invention depends on the desired rigidity of the identification document. In general, film thicknesses between 15 and 250 µm will suffice; thicknesses between 50 and 200 µm are preferred.
Die zur Aufnahme der Haftschichtzusammensetzung bestimmte Oberfläche der Folie kann vor der Beschichtung zur Verbesserung der Bindung zwischen Folie und Haftschicht einer Vorbehandlung unterworfen werden, die einen gleichmäßigen Auftrag der Beschichtungslösung gewährleistet und die deren Haftfestigkeit erhöht. Gute Ergebnisse erhält man z.B. mit einer üblichen Coronabehandlung.The surface of the film intended to take up the adhesive layer composition can be subjected to a pretreatment prior to coating to improve the bond between the film and the adhesive layer, which ensures a uniform application of the coating solution and increases its adhesive strength. Good results are obtained e.g. with a normal corona treatment.
Es ist selbstverständlich auch möglich, die Haftung der auf die Trägeffolie aufgetragenen Haftschicht durch andere Maßnahmen zu unterstützen, so z.B. durch Aufbringen einer geeigneten Substrierschicht.It is of course also possible to support the adhesion of the adhesive layer applied to the carrier film by other measures, e.g. by applying a suitable substrate layer.
Das Auftragen der Haftschichtzusammensetzung auf die Folie kann mittels der in der Lackindustrie üblichen Methoden wie z.B. Sprühen, Walzen, Rakeln, Drucken, Tauchen, Schleudern, Fluten, Streichen, Pinseln usw. erfolgen.The adhesive layer composition can be applied to the film by means of those customary in the paint industry Methods such as spraying, rolling, knife coating, printing, dipping, spinning, flooding, brushing, brushing etc. are used.
Die Trockenschichtdicke der Haftschicht richtet sich nach den gewünschten Anforderungen und der erwarteten Klebewirkung. Im allgemeinen wird man mit Trockenschichtdicken von 0,05 bis 10 µm brauchbare Ergebenisse erreichen. Bevorzugt werden Trockenschichtdicken von 0,05 bis 2 µm. Besonders bevorzugt sind Trockenschichtaufträge von 0,05 - 0,5 g pro m', bezogen auf Poly-1,2- alkenylenimin.The dry layer thickness of the adhesive layer depends on the desired requirements and the expected adhesive effect. In general, usable results will be achieved with dry film thicknesses of 0.05 to 10 µm. Dry layer thicknesses of 0.05 to 2 μm are preferred. Dry layer applications of 0.05-0.5 g per m ', based on poly-1,2-alkenyleneimine, are particularly preferred.
Der Informationsträger wird in der Regel aus einem in üblicher Weise aufgebauten, das heißt eine lichtempfindliche Silberhalogenidemulsionsschicht auf einem üblichen Schichträger enthaltendem fotografischen Material bestehen. Die in dieser Schicht enthaltenen Informationen aus Silber oder Farbstoff werden durch bildmäßige Belichtung und die übliche fotografische Verarbeitung hergestellt. Als Informationsträger können sowohl fotografische Papiere als auch Filme verwendet werden, die schwarzweiße oder colorfotografische Aufzeichnungen, Bild-und/oder Zeichen und/oder andere Informationen oder andere Identifikationsmerkmale enthalten. Der Schichtträger solcher fotografischer Informationsträger kann aus den üblichen in der technischen oder Bild-Fotografie verwendeten Materialien,bestehen. Als Beispiele seien genannt: Papiere, mit Reflexionsschichten versehene Papiere, polyolefinkaschierte Papiere, die üblichen Filmunterlagen, z.B. aus Cellulosetriacetat oder Polyester, gegebenenfalls als pigmentierte, opake Schichtträger. Die fotografischen Emulsions- oder Hilfsschichten solcher Informationsträger haben die in fotografischen Materialien allgemein verwendeten Zusammensetzungen.The information carrier will generally consist of a photographic material which is constructed in the usual way, that is to say a light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, on a conventional layer carrier. The silver or dye information contained in this layer is produced by imagewise exposure and the usual photographic processing. Both photographic paper and films containing black and white or color photographic recordings, image and / or characters and / or other information or other identification features can be used as information carriers. The layer support of such photographic information carriers can consist of the usual materials used in technical or image photography. Examples include: papers, papers provided with reflective layers, polyolefin-coated papers, the usual film supports, for example made of cellulose triacetate or poly esters, optionally as pigmented, opaque substrates. The photographic emulsion or auxiliary layers of such information carriers have the compositions commonly used in photographic materials.
Als lichtempfindliche fotografische Schichten, mit denen der Informationsträger ausgerüstet sein kann, seien beispielsweise Schichten genannt, denen nicht sensibilisierte Silberhalogenid-Emulsionen oder spektral sensibilisierte Silberhalogenid-Emulsionen zugrundeliegen. Geeignet sind also die für die verschiedenen fotografischen Schwarzweiß- und Farbverfahren, Negativ-, Positiv-und Diffusionsübertragungsverfahren oder Druckverfahren verwendeten bekannten Gelatineschichten. In den fotografischen Gelatineschichten kann als Bindemittel nicht nur Gelatine allein enthalten sein. Sie können neben Gelatine auch chemisch modifizierte Gelatinen, z.B.. acylierte, acetylierte, hydroxylierte, veresterte oder durch Pfropfpolymerisation in bekannter Weise modifizierte Gelatinen, oder aber Abmischungen mit anderen hydrophilen Kolloiden, z.B. Cellulosederivate, Polyvinylalkohole, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydrolysierte Polyvinylacetate, Alginsäure, kolloidales Ablumin oder Zein enthalten. Die Schichten, ob lichtempfindlich oder nicht lichtempfindlich, können äußerdem die zur Verändung der mechanischen Eigenschaften fotografischer Schichten üblichen Zusätze enthalten, wie z.B. Polymerisate auf Acrylat- oder Methacrylatbasis, Styrol/Maleinsäure-Mischpolymere oder Styrol/Maleinsäureanhydrid-Halbalkylester-Mischpolymere, oder Beschichtungshilfsmittel wie Polyethylenglykolarylether sowie andere übliche fotografische Hilfsmittel.Examples of light-sensitive photographic layers with which the information carrier can be equipped are layers which are based on non-sensitized silver halide emulsions or spectrally sensitized silver halide emulsions. The known gelatin layers used for the various photographic black and white and color processes, negative, positive and diffusion transfer processes or printing processes are therefore suitable. Not only gelatin alone can be contained as a binder in the photographic gelatin layers. In addition to gelatin, they can also be chemically modified gelatins, e.g. acylated, acetylated, hydroxylated, esterified or modified by graft polymerization in a known manner, or else mixtures with other hydrophilic colloids, e.g. Contain cellulose derivatives, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl pyrrolidones, hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetates, alginic acid, colloidal ablumine or zein. The layers, whether photosensitive or non-photosensitive, can also contain the additives customary for changing the mechanical properties of photographic layers, e.g. Polymers based on acrylate or methacrylate, styrene / maleic acid copolymers or styrene / maleic anhydride half-alkyl ester copolymers, or coating aids such as polyethylene glycol aryl ether and other conventional photographic aids.
Der Informationsträger kann neben den Informationen weitere Sicherheits- oder Identifikationsmerkmale der verschiedensten Art enthalten, wobei diese sowohl auf fotografischem Wege als auch durch Beschriftung, Druck oder Prägung erzeugt werden können. Selbstverständlich können z.B. auch maschinell, magnetisch und optisch lesbare Daten angebracht werden. Der erfindungsgemäße Informationsträger unterscheidet sich diesbezüglich in keiner Weise von den in bekannten Dokumenten verwendeten Informationsträgern.In addition to the information, the information carrier can contain further security or identification features of the most varied types, these being able to be generated both photographically and by labeling, printing or embossing. Of course, e.g. machine, magnetically and optically readable data can also be attached. In this respect, the information carrier according to the invention does not differ in any way from the information carriers used in known documents.
Weitere Sicherheitsmerkmale,'sichtbare oder mit dem Auge nicht wahrnehmbare, z.B. aus UV-Licht absorbierenden Substanzen, können im Informationsträger, z.B. in dem Schichtträger, wenn dieser aus Papier besteht etwa als Wasserzeichen, oder in der äußeren Folie, z.B. in der Verbundfolie, enthalten sein. Verschiedene Möglichkeiten der Ausstattung fälschungssicherer Dokumente mit solchen Sicherheitsmerkmalen werden z.B. in folgenden Druckschriften beschrieben: DE-OS 3 013 238, DE-OS 1 446 851, DE-OS 2 908 742, US-PS 3 679 448, GB-PS 1 519 715, DE-AS 2 756 692, US-PS 2 373 540 und US-PS 4 066 873.Other security features, 'visible or imperceptible to the eye, e.g. substances absorbing UV light can be stored in the information carrier, e.g. in the layer support, if this consists of paper, for example as a watermark, or in the outer film, e.g. be contained in the composite film. Various options for equipping counterfeit-proof documents with such security features are e.g. described in the following publications: DE-OS 3 013 238, DE-OS 1 446 851, DE-OS 2 908 742, US-PS 3 679 448, GB-PS 1 519 715, DE-AS 2 756 692, US-PS 2,373,540 and U.S. Patent 4,066,873.
Die für den Schichtträger des Informationsträgers verwendeten Kunststoffe - z.B. der Kunststoff, mit dem die Papierunterlage kaschiert ist, oder der Kunststoff, aus dem die Filmunterlage besteht, wozu auch Celluloseester gehören - und die Kunststoffe, aus denen die zur Laminierung des Informationsträgers verwendeten Folien bestehen, sollten vorzugsweise so ausgewählt werden, daß der Erweichungspunkt des Kunststoffes des Schichtträgers niedriger als der des Folienmaterials liegt.The plastics used for the substrate of the information carrier - e.g. the plastic with which the paper base is laminated or the plastic from which the film base is made, which also includes cellulose esters - and the plastics from which the foils used to laminate the information carrier should preferably be selected so that the softening point of the Plastic of the substrate is lower than that of the film material.
Wenn für den Informationsträger polyolefinkaschiertes Papier als Schichtträger verwendet wird, hat es sich als zweckmäßig erwiesen, das Papier mit einem Polyolefin auszurüsten, dessen Schmelzpunkt um etwa 10 - 30°C niedriger liegt als der Schmelzpunkt der die Haftschicht tragenden Folie des Folienmaterials.If polyolefin-laminated paper is used as the layer support for the information carrier, it has proven expedient to equip the paper with a polyolefin, the melting point of which is about 10-30 ° C. lower than the melting point of the film of the film material carrying the adhesive layer.
Zum Laminieren der mit der Haftschicht versehenen Folie auf die Oberfläche des Informationsträgers wird die Folie auf etwa 50 bis 150°C erwärmt und dabei gegen die Oberfläche des Informationsträgers gedrückt, so daß ein blasen- und knitterfreies Laminat entsteht. Die Laminierung wird durch Anwendung von Drucken im Bereich von 1 bis 10 kp/cm2 unterstützt.To laminate the film provided with the adhesive layer on the surface of the information carrier, the film is heated to about 50 to 150 ° C and pressed against the surface of the information carrier, so that a bubble and crease-free laminate is formed. The lamination is supported by applying pressures in the range of 1 to 10 kp / cm 2 .
Die Laminierung, vorzugsweise auf beiden Seiten des Informationsträgers, wird zweckmäßigerweise kontinuierlich durch Zusammenführen der einzelnen Informationsträger an die von Vorratsrollen ablaufenden, mit der Haftschicht versehenen Folien durchgeführt. Aus dem dabei entstehenden bandförmigen Laminat können die die Informationsträger enthaltenden Teile anschließend ausgestanzt werden, wobei die verschweißte Folie abhängig von der Dicke des Informationsträgers in einem Abstand von etwa 1 bis 2 mm vom Rand des Informationsträgers abgetrennt wird. Man erhält eine allseitig geschlossene Umhüllung des Informationsträgers, die eine nachträgliche Kantenverschweißung überflüssig macht. Selbstverständlich führt eine diskontinuierliche Laminierung mittels blattförmiger Folienstücke zu den gleichen Ergebnissen.The lamination, preferably on both sides of the information carrier, is expediently carried out continuously by bringing the individual information carriers together onto the films which run off supply rolls and are provided with the adhesive layer. The parts containing the information carriers can then be punched out of the resulting band-shaped laminate, the welded film being separated at a distance of approximately 1 to 2 mm from the edge of the information carrier, depending on the thickness of the information carrier. M an is provided with a wrapping of the information carrier which is closed on all sides and which makes subsequent edge welding unnecessary. Of course, discontinuous lamination using sheet-shaped pieces of film leads to the same results.
Die beschriebenen Dokumente sind in hervorragender Weise fälschungssicher. So wie die Folien mit dem Informationsträger, werden auch die über den Informationsträger hinausragenden Folienteile praktisch unlösbar miteinander verbunden. Selbst mit Hilfe von Wärme läßt sich das Dokument ohne völlige Zerstörung des Informationsträgers nicht mehr trennen.The documents described are excellent forgery-proof. Just like the foils with the information carrier, the foil parts protruding beyond the information carrier are connected to one another in a practically inseparable manner. Even with the help of heat, the document can no longer be separated without completely destroying the information carrier.
Ein weiterer wichtiger und überraschender Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Ausweisdokumente bzw. ID-Karten mit Polyalkyleniminhaftschichten liegt in der ausgezeichneten Planlage. Gerade in dieser Beziehung sind die erfindungsgemäßen Dokumente bekannten überlegen.Another important and surprising advantage of the identification documents or ID cards according to the invention with polyalkyleneimine adhesive layers lies in the excellent flatness. It is precisely in this respect that the documents according to the invention are superior to known ones.
100 g einer wäßrigen 2 gew.-%igen Polyethyleniminlösung wurden mit 0,1 g Eisessig und 2 ml einer wäßrigen 40 gew.- %igen Formaldehydlösung gemischt und danach auf eine Polyethylenfolie aufgetragen. Die Oberfläche der Polyethylenfolie wurde vor dem Beguß einer Coronabestrahlung ausgesetzt. Die getrocknete Schicht enthielt 0,1 g Polyethylenimin pro m2.100 g of an aqueous 2% by weight polyethyleneimine solution were mixed with 0.1 g glacial acetic acid and 2 ml of an aqueous 40% by weight formaldehyde solution and then applied to a polyethylene film. The surface of the polyethylene film was exposed to corona radiation before casting. The dried layer contained 0.1 g polyethyleneimine per m 2 .
Als Informationsträger wurde ein konventionelles fotografisches Papier verwendet, dessen Schichtträger aus - beidseitig mit Polyethylen kaschiertem Papier bestand, das ein m2-Gewicht von etwa 120 g hatte. Der Erweichungspunkt des Polyethylens des Schichtträgers lag bei 110°C. Der Schichtträger war mit einer lichtempfindlichen Silberhalogenid-Gelatine-Emulsionsschicht sowie mit einer gelatinehaltigen Schutzschicht und Rückseitenschicht, beide von gleicher Zusammensetzung, ausgerüstet. Auf den Informationsträger wurde ein Bild des Ausweisinhabers zusammen mit den entsprechenden Informationen aufbelichtet, entwickelt und fixiert.A conventional photographic paper was used as the information carrier, the layer carrier of which consisted of paper laminated on both sides with polyethylene and which had an m 2 weight of approximately 120 g. The softening point of the polyethylene of the support was 110 ° C. The support was equipped with a light-sensitive silver halide gelatin emulsion layer and with a gelatin-containing protective layer and back layer, both of the same composition. A picture of the card holder together with the corresponding information was exposed, developed and fixed on the information carrier.
Der Informationsträger mit den fotografisch und drucktechnisch aufgebrachten Identifikationsmerkmalen wurde nun zwischen 2 der obengenannten Polyethylenfolien, deren Erweichungspunkt etwa 122°C betrug, gelegt, so daß die Haftschichten der Folien mit den beiden Oberflächen des Informationsträgers in Kontakt kamen und die Folien etwa 1 mm über den Rand des Informationsträgers hinausragten. Das Paket wurde nun zwischen 2 auf 90°C aufgeheizten Walzen hindurchgeführt und mit einem Druck von etwa 1,5 kp/cm2 zusammengepreßt.The information carrier with the photographic and printing technology-applied identification features was now placed between 2 of the above-mentioned polyethylene films, the softening point of which was approximately 122 ° C., so that the adhesive layers of the films came into contact with the two surfaces of the information carrier and the films about 1 mm above the Protruding edge of the information carrier. The package was then passed between two rolls heated to 90 ° C. and pressed together with a pressure of approximately 1.5 kp / cm 2 .
Nach Abkühlen des Dokumentes waren die Polyethylenfolien mit dem Informationsträger so fest verbunden, daß bei einem Versuch, das Dokument nach Abschneiden der Randverklebungen im erwärmten Zustand (etwa 100°C) zu trennen, zwar die Papierunterlage des Informationsträgers zerstört, seine Reste aber von den Folien festgehalten wurden, die dabei außerdem in irreversibler Weise gedehnt wurden.After the document had cooled, the polyethylene films were so firmly connected to the information carrier that when trying to separate the document after cutting the edge bonds while heated (about 100 ° C), the paper support of the information carrier was destroyed, but its remnants were removed from the films were recorded, which were also irreversibly stretched.
Die in Beispiel 1 beschriebene Haftschichtlösung wurde auf eine coronabestrahlte Polyethylenterephthalatfolie aufgetragen und diese-zwischen zwei auf 90°C aufgeheizten Walzen unter einem Druck von 5 kp/cm2 mit einer ebenfalls coronabestrahlten Polyethylenfolie verklebt, wodurch eine Verbundfolie entstand.The adhesive layer solution described in Example 1 was applied to a corona-irradiated polyethylene terephthalate film and this - between two rollers heated to 90 ° C. under a pressure of 5 kp / cm 2 - was glued to a likewise corona-irradiated polyethylene film, whereby a composite film was formed.
Als.Informationsträger wurde ein fotografisches Filmmaterial verwendet, das einen mit den üblichen Substratschichten versehenen Schichtträger aus mit Titandioxid pigmentiertem Cellulosetriacetat, eine Silberhalogenid-Gelatine-Emulsionsschicht, eine über dieser liegenden Schutzschicht und eine Rückseitenschicht enthielt. Schutzschicht und Rückseitenschicht wurden aus den für solche Schichten üblichen wäßrigen Gelatinelösungen, hergestellt. Auf diesen Informationsträger wurde ein Bild des Ausweisinhabers zusammen mit den entsprechenden Informationen aufbelichtet, entwickelt und fixiert.A photographic film material was used as the information carrier which contained a layer carrier provided with the usual substrate layers and consisting of cellulose triacetate pigmented with titanium dioxide, a silver halide gelatin emulsion layer, a protective layer lying over this and a backing layer. The protective layer and the back layer were produced from the aqueous gelatin solutions customary for such layers. A picture of the card holder together with the corresponding information was exposed, developed and fixed on this information carrier.
Zur Herstellung des Dokumentes wurde die Polyethyler.oberfläche der Verbundfolie mit der gleichen, schon bei der Herstellung der Verbundfolie verwendeten, Haftschichtzusammensetzung beschichtet und wie in Beispiel 1 beschrieben auf den Informationsträger laminiert.To produce the document, the polyethylene surface of the composite film was coated with the same adhesive layer composition already used in the production of the composite film and laminated to the information carrier as described in Example 1.
Das Ergebnis war eine Ausweiskarte mit ausgezeichneter Planlage. Das Ausweisdokument läßt sich ohne völlige Zerstörung des als Informationsträger verwendeten fotografischen Materials nicht mehr trennen.The result was an ID card with excellent flatness. The identity document can no longer be separated without completely destroying the photographic material used as the information carrier.
Beispiel 2 wurde wiederholt, wobei sowohl zur Verklebung der Verbundfolie selbst, als auch zur Verklebung der Verbundfolie mit dem Informationsträger anstelle der in Beispiel 1 beschriebenen Haftschicht eine aus einem Zweikomponentenmaterial auf Basis eines Polyisocyanates und einer hydroxylgruppenhaltigen Harzkomponente (Kaschierkleber EPS 71 der Firma Dr. Kurt Herberts, Wuppertal) bestehende Haftschicht verwendet wurde.Example 2 was repeated, both for bonding the composite film itself and for bonding the composite film to the information carrier, instead of the adhesive layer described in Example 1, one made of a two-component material based on a polyisocyanate and a hydroxyl-containing resin component (laminating adhesive EPS 71 from Dr. Kurt Herberts, Wuppertal) existing adhesive layer was used.
Die Planlage des Dokumentes war mangelhaft und die Haftung der Folien ließ mit der Zeit nach, so daß die Verklebung nach etwa einer Woche ohne nachhaltige Beschädigung des Informationsträgers gelöst werden konnte.The flatness of the document was poor and the adhesion of the foils decreased over time, so that the glue could be removed after about a week without permanent damage to the information carrier.
Claims (13)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT82106441T ATE26087T1 (en) | 1981-07-30 | 1982-07-17 | ANTI-FALSE DOCUMENT AND METHOD OF PRODUCTION. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19813130071 DE3130071A1 (en) | 1981-07-30 | 1981-07-30 | COUNTERFEIT-PROOF DOCUMENT AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
DE3130071 | 1981-07-30 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0071124A2 true EP0071124A2 (en) | 1983-02-09 |
EP0071124A3 EP0071124A3 (en) | 1983-07-27 |
EP0071124B1 EP0071124B1 (en) | 1987-03-25 |
Family
ID=6138094
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP82106441A Expired EP0071124B1 (en) | 1981-07-30 | 1982-07-17 | Forge-proof document and method for its production |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4456667A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0071124B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5825984A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE26087T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU553306B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1191438A (en) |
DE (2) | DE3130071A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK340082A (en) |
ES (1) | ES8305635A1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI77607C (en) |
GR (1) | GR76239B (en) |
IE (1) | IE53072B1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL66154A (en) |
NO (1) | NO162803B (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ201393A (en) |
PT (1) | PT75291B (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2129371A (en) * | 1982-11-05 | 1984-05-16 | De La Rue Thomas & Co Ltd | Identity cards |
Families Citing this family (14)
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US4749084A (en) * | 1986-11-12 | 1988-06-07 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Co. | Tamper-indicating package with randomly disposed filaments |
US4760919A (en) * | 1987-07-30 | 1988-08-02 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Tamper-indicating package |
US5011707A (en) * | 1989-03-21 | 1991-04-30 | Schell Russell W | Method for applying adhesive to a hologram film |
US4971646A (en) * | 1989-03-21 | 1990-11-20 | Schell Russell W | Method for forming a hologram film laminate and the hologram laminated product formed thereby |
DE4021908C2 (en) * | 1990-07-10 | 2002-04-25 | Gao Ges Automation Org | Process for producing a substrate with an optically variable element and use of the substrate |
US5250348A (en) * | 1991-12-09 | 1993-10-05 | International Paper Company | Improved wrapper paper for use in very low contact pressure applications |
US5261987A (en) * | 1992-06-05 | 1993-11-16 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method of making an identification card |
FR2699109B1 (en) * | 1992-12-15 | 1995-01-06 | Thomson Csf | Process for laminating documents cut from a sheet. |
US5508105A (en) * | 1993-02-16 | 1996-04-16 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Thermal print receptive and frangible retrorefelective polymeric sheetings |
GB2321977B (en) | 1997-02-10 | 2001-10-03 | Andrew Cunnigham Thomson | Mouldable photographic material |
DE19744595A1 (en) * | 1997-10-09 | 1999-04-15 | Hetzel Gmbh & Co Kg | Manufacturing process for laminated plastic film wallet |
US6221545B1 (en) | 1999-09-09 | 2001-04-24 | Imation Corp. | Adhesives for preparing a multilayer laminate featuring an ink-bearing surface bonded to a second surface |
US20040161712A1 (en) * | 2002-11-15 | 2004-08-19 | Agfa-Gevaert | Deformable colour photographic silver halide material |
DE102007052947A1 (en) * | 2007-10-31 | 2009-05-07 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Process for producing a polycarbonate layer composite |
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FR2145135A5 (en) * | 1971-07-02 | 1973-02-16 | Matsumoto Shigeharu | |
FR2260815A1 (en) * | 1972-09-20 | 1975-09-05 | Wiggins Teape Res Dev | |
US3909469A (en) * | 1972-10-20 | 1975-09-30 | Adolph Miller | Polyethylenimine adhesive |
US4152476A (en) * | 1977-03-04 | 1979-05-01 | Champion International Corporation | Laminate bearing a magnetic tape |
EP0031521A2 (en) * | 1979-12-24 | 1981-07-08 | Agfa-Gevaert AG | Method of making alternation-proof documents |
Family Cites Families (3)
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US3614839A (en) * | 1968-04-01 | 1971-10-26 | Polaroid Corp | Id card laminar structures and processes for making same |
US3871119A (en) * | 1972-02-28 | 1975-03-18 | Avant Ind | Laminated identification card |
US4322461A (en) * | 1980-01-07 | 1982-03-30 | Polaroid Corporation | ID Card laminar structures and a method for preparation thereof using a transfered adhesive |
-
1981
- 1981-07-30 DE DE19813130071 patent/DE3130071A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1982
- 1982-06-28 IL IL66154A patent/IL66154A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-07-09 FI FI822465A patent/FI77607C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-07-09 NO NO822394A patent/NO162803B/en unknown
- 1982-07-13 AU AU85953/82A patent/AU553306B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1982-07-17 DE DE8282106441T patent/DE3275824D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-07-17 EP EP82106441A patent/EP0071124B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-07-17 AT AT82106441T patent/ATE26087T1/en active
- 1982-07-21 PT PT75291A patent/PT75291B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-07-26 JP JP57129111A patent/JPS5825984A/en active Granted
- 1982-07-26 US US06/401,655 patent/US4456667A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1982-07-27 NZ NZ201393A patent/NZ201393A/en unknown
- 1982-07-28 GR GR68888A patent/GR76239B/el unknown
- 1982-07-28 CA CA000408293A patent/CA1191438A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-07-29 ES ES514516A patent/ES8305635A1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-07-29 IE IE1825/82A patent/IE53072B1/en unknown
- 1982-07-29 DK DK340082A patent/DK340082A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2145135A5 (en) * | 1971-07-02 | 1973-02-16 | Matsumoto Shigeharu | |
FR2260815A1 (en) * | 1972-09-20 | 1975-09-05 | Wiggins Teape Res Dev | |
US3909469A (en) * | 1972-10-20 | 1975-09-30 | Adolph Miller | Polyethylenimine adhesive |
US4152476A (en) * | 1977-03-04 | 1979-05-01 | Champion International Corporation | Laminate bearing a magnetic tape |
EP0031521A2 (en) * | 1979-12-24 | 1981-07-08 | Agfa-Gevaert AG | Method of making alternation-proof documents |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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GB2129371A (en) * | 1982-11-05 | 1984-05-16 | De La Rue Thomas & Co Ltd | Identity cards |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PT75291B (en) | 1984-07-30 |
CA1191438A (en) | 1985-08-06 |
IL66154A0 (en) | 1982-09-30 |
IE821825L (en) | 1983-01-30 |
DK340082A (en) | 1983-01-31 |
NO822394L (en) | 1983-01-31 |
FI77607B (en) | 1988-12-30 |
DE3275824D1 (en) | 1987-04-30 |
NZ201393A (en) | 1985-08-16 |
FI822465A0 (en) | 1982-07-09 |
JPH0136438B2 (en) | 1989-07-31 |
PT75291A (en) | 1982-08-01 |
GR76239B (en) | 1984-08-04 |
FI77607C (en) | 1989-04-10 |
AU553306B2 (en) | 1986-07-10 |
US4456667A (en) | 1984-06-26 |
EP0071124A3 (en) | 1983-07-27 |
ES514516A0 (en) | 1983-04-16 |
ATE26087T1 (en) | 1987-04-15 |
AU8595382A (en) | 1983-02-03 |
NO162803B (en) | 1989-11-13 |
EP0071124B1 (en) | 1987-03-25 |
ES8305635A1 (en) | 1983-04-16 |
DE3130071A1 (en) | 1983-02-17 |
FI822465L (en) | 1983-02-01 |
JPS5825984A (en) | 1983-02-16 |
IE53072B1 (en) | 1988-05-25 |
IL66154A (en) | 1986-10-31 |
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