EP0066328A1 - Machine for forming blocks of compressed wood shavings - Google Patents
Machine for forming blocks of compressed wood shavings Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0066328A1 EP0066328A1 EP82200605A EP82200605A EP0066328A1 EP 0066328 A1 EP0066328 A1 EP 0066328A1 EP 82200605 A EP82200605 A EP 82200605A EP 82200605 A EP82200605 A EP 82200605A EP 0066328 A1 EP0066328 A1 EP 0066328A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- machine
- chamber
- block
- aperture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N5/00—Manufacture of non-flat articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
- B30B11/02—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space
- B30B11/025—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space whereby the material is transferred into the press chamber by relative movement between a ram and the press chamber
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
- B30B11/02—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space
- B30B11/04—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space co-operating with a fixed mould
Definitions
- the invention relates to a machine for forming blocks of compressed wood shavings.
- the machine according to the invention is designed for forming blocks of wood shavings or wood shavings mixed with sawdust, in which no binder is provided for maintaining the compactness of the shavings, but instead the high compression to which the shavings are subjected is in itself sufficient to form a block which is so compact as not to be able to crumble.
- such blocks are prepared at the present time by mixing a binder with the shavings so as not to require high compression in order to obtain compactness.
- the final product is not one of high value but instead represents a recovery of waste material, the use of an additive such as the binder can raise costs to such a level as to discourage the reuse of this material for forming blocks.
- Such blocks are used particularly in the furniture industry as intermediate walls between outer furniture panels or even as inner facings for them, but they are always designed to support small loads as they are rather fragile, even when containing the binder which makes them compact and resistant.
- the machine according to the invention enables blocks of wood shavings to be formed without the use of a binder, but which are not less compact or resistant because of this fact.
- a press is used which compresses the shavings to such a point that the resultant block is not subject to flaking or breakage even if subjected to torsion or bending stresses of the same value as those to which the same blocks formed with the use of the binder are normally subjected.
- the proposed machine has an extremely short operating cycle in terms of loading the shavings, compressing them and expelling the block, so that in addition to saving material (elimination of the binder), a saving is also made in the formation time, and thus a much larger number of blocks is made than at present for the same time period.
- a machine for forming blocks of compressed wood shavings characterised by comprising a chamber provided with a feed aperture for wood material in disintegrated form and a discharge aperture for the finished block, there being also provided a first cylinder, of which the rod is slidably guided between the inner walls of the chamber and closes thelfeed aperture during its extension and the compression of the material, the rod of a second cylinder extracting the block from the chamber in which it has been formed in order to expel it through the discharge aperture, there being provided means for operating said two cylinders and motor means for the sequential control of their operation.
- the proposed machine comprises a casing 10 housing a central hydraulic unit 11 operated by a motor 12, and a thrust cylinder 13 and extraction cylinder 14 controlled by the central unit 11 by means of suitable pumps and solenoid valves 15.
- the rod 16 of the cylinder 13 has an end head 17 the top of which is rigid with a slide valve 18. This latter slides in guides 19 ( Figure 2) of a chamber 20, the head 17 being slidably contained between the side walls of this latter.
- the chamber 20 comprises a base 21 and an end wall 22, and is open upperly at 23 to enable it to be fed from a hopper 24.
- a further aperture 25 is provided between the preceding aperture and the end wall 22 and communicates with the outside by way of a mouth 26.
- the operation of the machine is as follows.
- the shavings 30 mixed with sawdust and any other wooden refuse in disintegrated form are fed into the hopper 24.
- the material falls into the chamber 20 through the aperture 23.
- the cylinder 13 is operated. This causes the rod 16 to extend, guided in its travel by the guides 19 and walls 20 of the chamber.
- the head 17 compresses the material fed into the chamber 20, while the slide valve 18 closes the material feed aperture 23.
- the stroke of the rod 16 Figure 3
- the material has been compressed against the end wall 22 between the base 21, the side walls 20, the head 17 and the end of the slide valve 18. This latter also closes the block expulsion aperture 25.
- the material thus compressed and bounded forms the block 31.
- the cylinder 13 is again operated in order to cause the rod 16 to withdraw to the position of Figure 1.
- the rods 29 of the cylinder 14 can be extended in order to push the block 31 upwards, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, through the aperture 25 into the mouth 26 from which the block 31 falls to the outside either to be used or stacked with others.
- the perfect synchronism of operation of the compression cylinder 13 and extraction cylinder 14 enables a large number of blocks to be formed in an extremely short time, and proper dimensioning of the cylinder 13 enables sufficient power to be used in compressing the material 30 to form a compact rigid block 31 without the use of any binder.
- Figures 6 to 9 show a second embodiment in which the machine comprises a casing 110 housing in known manner a central hydraulic unit 111 operated by a motor 112.
- a thrust cylinder 113, a traverse cylinder 114 and an expulsion cylinder 115 - are connected to the central unit 111 by way of suitable pumps and solenoid valves.
- the rod 116 of the thrust cylinder 113 slides in a chamber 118 between walls 117.
- the chamber 118 comprises an upper aperture 119 through which the shavings 120 are fed by means of a screw conveyor 121 on to which the shavings fall from an upper tank 122 in which it is agitated by blades 123.
- the screw conveyor 121 and blades 123 are rotated by respective motors 124 and 125.
- the chamber 118 is circular, and in proximity to the end wall 126 comprises a portion 127 which is separated from the rest of the chamber and from the wall, and is fixed to the rod 128 of the traverse cylinder 114.
- the rod 129 of the expulsion cylinder 115 is located in a position corresponding with an extraction mouth 130 in which it can slide.
- the shavings are fed into the tank 122 and kept mixed by the blades 123 as they fall through the aperture 120 from which the screw conveyor 121 feeds them into the chamber 118 until it is full ( Figure 6).
- the cylinder 113 is operated so that its rod 116 extends and slides between the walls 117 in the chamber 118 until it strongly compresses the shavings 120 against the end wall 126, while at the same time closing the feed aperture for the shavings.
- the rod 116 returns to its rest position while at the same time the traverse cylinder 114 is operated so that its rod 128 withdraws and drags with it the annular portion 127 in which the block 131 has been formed ( Figure 8).
- the annular portion 127 becomes located in a position exactly corresponding with the head 129 of the expulsion cylinder 115, with the result that when its rod is extended, the head 129 pushes the block 131 into the mouth 130 ( Figure 9) and then out of it.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
A machine in which the disintegrated wood material (30) with which the block is formed is fed into a chamber (20); the head of the rod (16) of a cylinder (13) slides in said chamber (20) and compresses the material (30) against the end wall (22) to form the block (31), while at the same time the rod (16) closes the feed aperture (23) for the material (30); during the withdrawal stroke of the rod (16), the rod (29) of a second cylinder (14) extracts the block from the chamber in which it has been formed in order to expel it from a mouth (26) either directly or by the action of the rod of a further expulsion cylinder.
Description
- The invention relates to a machine for forming blocks of compressed wood shavings.
- The machine according to the invention is designed for forming blocks of wood shavings or wood shavings mixed with sawdust, in which no binder is provided for maintaining the compactness of the shavings, but instead the high compression to which the shavings are subjected is in itself sufficient to form a block which is so compact as not to be able to crumble.
- In this respect, such blocks are prepared at the present time by mixing a binder with the shavings so as not to require high compression in order to obtain compactness. However as the final product is not one of high value but instead represents a recovery of waste material, the use of an additive such as the binder can raise costs to such a level as to discourage the reuse of this material for forming blocks.
- In all cases, the binder has been necessary up to now because if high compression was not used on the material, the finished blocks tended to crumble very easily, and would therefore not have been able to be used in any application, being too fragile.
- Such blocks are used particularly in the furniture industry as intermediate walls between outer furniture panels or even as inner facings for them, but they are always designed to support small loads as they are rather fragile, even when containing the binder which makes them compact and resistant.
- In contrast, the machine according to the invention enables blocks of wood shavings to be formed without the use of a binder, but which are not less compact or resistant because of this fact. In this respect, a press is used which compresses the shavings to such a point that the resultant block is not subject to flaking or breakage even if subjected to torsion or bending stresses of the same value as those to which the same blocks formed with the use of the binder are normally subjected. In addition, the proposed machine has an extremely short operating cycle in terms of loading the shavings, compressing them and expelling the block, so that in addition to saving material (elimination of the binder), a saving is also made in the formation time, and thus a much larger number of blocks is made than at present for the same time period.
- These and further objects which will be more apparent hereinafter are attained according to the invention by a machine for forming blocks of compressed wood shavings, characterised by comprising a chamber provided with a feed aperture for wood material in disintegrated form and a discharge aperture for the finished block, there being also provided a first cylinder, of which the rod is slidably guided between the inner walls of the chamber and closes thelfeed aperture during its extension and the compression of the material, the rod of a second cylinder extracting the block from the chamber in which it has been formed in order to expel it through the discharge aperture, there being provided means for operating said two cylinders and motor means for the sequential control of their operation.
- A description is given hereinafter of two preferred embodiments of the machine according to the invention by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
- Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through a first embodiment of the machine;
- Figure 2 is a section on the line II-II of Figure 1;
- Figures 3 and 4 are views of a detail of Figure 1 in two different operating positions;
- Figure 5 is a section on the line V-V of Figure 4;
- Figures 6, 79 8 and 9 are longitudinal sections through a second embodiment of the machine in four different operating positions.
- The embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 5 will firstly be examined, in which the proposed machine comprises a
casing 10 housing a centralhydraulic unit 11 operated by amotor 12, and athrust cylinder 13 andextraction cylinder 14 controlled by thecentral unit 11 by means of suitable pumps andsolenoid valves 15. Therod 16 of thecylinder 13 has anend head 17 the top of which is rigid with aslide valve 18. This latter slides in guides 19 (Figure 2) of achamber 20, thehead 17 being slidably contained between the side walls of this latter. - The
chamber 20 comprises abase 21 and anend wall 22, and is open upperly at 23 to enable it to be fed from ahopper 24. - A
further aperture 25 is provided between the preceding aperture and theend wall 22 and communicates with the outside by way of amouth 26. - Finally, in the
base 21 in proximity to theend wall 22 there are provided two bores 27 (Figure 2) which are connected to twotubes 28, along which therods 29 of theextraction cylinder 14 slide in a guided manner. - The operation of the machine is as follows. The
shavings 30 mixed with sawdust and any other wooden refuse in disintegrated form are fed into thehopper 24. The material falls into thechamber 20 through theaperture 23. At this point thecylinder 13 is operated. This causes therod 16 to extend, guided in its travel by theguides 19 andwalls 20 of the chamber. In this manner, thehead 17 compresses the material fed into thechamber 20, while theslide valve 18 closes thematerial feed aperture 23. On termination of the stroke of the rod 16 (Figure 3), the material has been compressed against theend wall 22 between thebase 21, theside walls 20, thehead 17 and the end of theslide valve 18. This latter also closes theblock expulsion aperture 25. - The material thus compressed and bounded forms the
block 31. In the next stage, thecylinder 13 is again operated in order to cause therod 16 to withdraw to the position of Figure 1. At this point, therods 29 of thecylinder 14 can be extended in order to push theblock 31 upwards, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, through theaperture 25 into themouth 26 from which theblock 31 falls to the outside either to be used or stacked with others. - When the
rod 16 has been withdrawn (Figure 1) the cycle recommences with compression of the new material which has fallen into thechamber 20, thus leading to the formation of a new block. - The perfect synchronism of operation of the
compression cylinder 13 andextraction cylinder 14 enables a large number of blocks to be formed in an extremely short time, and proper dimensioning of thecylinder 13 enables sufficient power to be used in compressing thematerial 30 to form a compactrigid block 31 without the use of any binder. - Figures 6 to 9 show a second embodiment in which the machine comprises a
casing 110 housing in known manner a centralhydraulic unit 111 operated by amotor 112. Athrust cylinder 113, atraverse cylinder 114 and anexpulsion cylinder 115- are connected to thecentral unit 111 by way of suitable pumps and solenoid valves. Therod 116 of thethrust cylinder 113 slides in achamber 118 betweenwalls 117. Thechamber 118 comprises anupper aperture 119 through which theshavings 120 are fed by means of ascrew conveyor 121 on to which the shavings fall from anupper tank 122 in which it is agitated byblades 123. Thescrew conveyor 121 andblades 123 are rotated byrespective motors - The
chamber 118 is circular, and in proximity to theend wall 126 comprises aportion 127 which is separated from the rest of the chamber and from the wall, and is fixed to therod 128 of thetraverse cylinder 114. - The
rod 129 of theexpulsion cylinder 115 is located in a position corresponding with anextraction mouth 130 in which it can slide. - The operation of the machine is as follows.
- The shavings are fed into the
tank 122 and kept mixed by theblades 123 as they fall through theaperture 120 from which thescrew conveyor 121 feeds them into thechamber 118 until it is full (Figure 6). - At this point, the
cylinder 113 is operated so that itsrod 116 extends and slides between thewalls 117 in thechamber 118 until it strongly compresses theshavings 120 against theend wall 126, while at the same time closing the feed aperture for the shavings. - On termination of the stroke (Figure 7), the material has been compressed into the form of a
block 131 which completely fills theannular portion 127 of the chamber, which is separated from thechamber 118 and from thewall 126. - During the next stage, the
rod 116 returns to its rest position while at the same time thetraverse cylinder 114 is operated so that itsrod 128 withdraws and drags with it theannular portion 127 in which theblock 131 has been formed (Figure 8). Theannular portion 127 becomes located in a position exactly corresponding with thehead 129 of theexpulsion cylinder 115, with the result that when its rod is extended, thehead 129 pushes theblock 131 into the mouth 130 (Figure 9) and then out of it. - On termination of this stage, the
head 129 returns to its rest position, and therod 128 of thecylinder 114 then extends so that itsannular portion 127 returns to thechamber 118, thus completing the cycle and returning to the position shown in Figure 1. - The perfect synchronism of operation of the
thrust cylinder 113, traversecylinder 114 andexpulsion cylinder 115, together with the operation of thescrew conveyor 121 which feeds thematerial 120, enables a large number of blocks to be formed in a very short time. Moreover, this thrust cylinder configuration enables compression powers to be obtained which are sufficiently high as to compress any residual material into a block without any wastage, thus attaining the stated objects of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A machine for forming blocks of compressed wood shavings, characterised by comprising a chamber (20, 118) provided with a feed aperture (23, 119) for wood material (30, 120) in disintegrated form and a discharge aperture (26, 130), for the finished block (31, 131), there being also provided a first cylinder (13, 113) of which the rod (16, 116) is slidably guided between the inner walls (21, 117) of the chamber (20, 118) and closes the feed aperture (23, 119) during its extension and the compression of the material (30, 120), the rod (29, 128) of a second cylinder (14, 114) extracting the block (31, 131) from the chamber (20, 118) in which it has been formed in order to expel it through the discharge aperture (26, 130), there being provided means for operating said cylinders and motor means for the sequential control of their operation.
2. A machine as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the rod (16) of the first cylinder (13) is provided with a slide valve (18) in order to close the feed aperture (23) and discharge aperture (26) in succession during its extension and compression of the material, the block (31) which is formed on termination of said extension stroke being expelled directly by the rod (29) of the second cylinder (14) which pushes it beyond the discharge opening (26) when, during the withdrawal of the rod (16) the slide valve (18) of the first cylinder (13) uncovers said aperture (26).
3. A machine as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the second cylinder (14) is provided with two parallel rods (29) controlled simultaneously by the cylinder (14) so that both abut against the block (31).
4. A machine as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the straight lines along which the rods (16, 116 and 29, 128) of the two cylinders (13, 113 and 14, 114) act are orthogonal.
5. A machine as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that between the second cylinder (114) and the discharge aperture (130) there is disposed a third cylinder (115), of which the rod (129) pushes the block (131) extracted from the compression chamber (118), towards the discharge opening (130).
6. A machine as claimed in claim 5, characterised in that the first cylinder (113) closes the feed aperture (119) during the compression stage, and the formed block (131) becomes located in a portion (127) of the chamber (118) which can be caused to traverse by the operation of the second cylinder (114) with which it is rigid, so that it faces said third cylinder (115) which expels the block through the discharge opening (130).
7. A machine as claimed in claim 6, characterised in that upstream of the feed aperture (119), the material (120) is contained in a tank (122) in which agitator blades (123) rotate to feed the material to a screw conveyor (121) which feeds it to said aperture (119). I
8. A machine as claimed in claim 6, characterised in that the traversable portion (127) of the chamber (118) is formed from the chamber itself in that portion thereof which lies in a position corresponding with the end wall (126) against which the material (120) is compressed in order to form the block (131).
9. A machine as claimed in claim 6, characterised in that the chamber (118) and its traversable portion (127) are of circular cross-section.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT6771881 | 1981-05-29 | ||
IT67718/81A IT1144574B (en) | 1981-05-29 | 1981-05-29 | Press for making wood shavings blocks |
IT5296782U IT8252967V0 (en) | 1982-02-26 | 1982-02-26 | MACHINE FOR THE CREATION OF TILES CONSISTING OF PRESSED WOOD SHAVINGS |
IT5296782U | 1982-02-26 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0066328A1 true EP0066328A1 (en) | 1982-12-08 |
Family
ID=26329511
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP82200605A Ceased EP0066328A1 (en) | 1981-05-29 | 1982-05-18 | Machine for forming blocks of compressed wood shavings |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0066328A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103722764A (en) * | 2014-01-16 | 2014-04-16 | 中船第九设计研究院工程有限公司 | Ash powder press |
JP2022020874A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2022-02-02 | 新東工業株式会社 | Dust solidification device |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2598016A (en) * | 1950-04-17 | 1952-05-27 | Hpm Dev Corp | Apparatus for hot pressing powdered metals |
US3397424A (en) * | 1964-09-25 | 1968-08-20 | Anth B Nilsen & Co Ltd As | Press for pressing of fibre materials such as dried wood pulp, cellulose, etc. |
FR1573928A (en) * | 1968-01-29 | 1969-07-11 | ||
FR95386E (en) * | 1968-01-29 | 1970-09-11 | Sorbier Pierre | Improvements to presses for molding objects in agglomerated wood and objects obtained by molding on such a press. |
DE2112558A1 (en) * | 1970-03-16 | 1971-10-07 | Expl Des Etablissements E Boff | Pressing device |
DE2149832A1 (en) * | 1970-10-07 | 1972-04-13 | Chemokomplex Vegyipari Gep Es | Method and device for the endless production of chipboard |
DE2932387A1 (en) * | 1978-08-10 | 1980-02-21 | Intercane Syst | DEVICE FOR PRODUCING PANELS FROM VEGETABLE FIBERS |
DE2932405A1 (en) * | 1979-08-09 | 1981-02-12 | Anton Heggenstaller | Extruding wood chipboard - using intermittently acting ram thrusting charge into first consolidating passage entrance while closing off inlet |
DE2948082A1 (en) * | 1979-11-29 | 1981-06-04 | Anton 8891 Unterbernbach Heggenstaller | Extruded chipboard beam - pressed without slider is turned over for optimum strength properties |
DE8027473U1 (en) * | 1980-10-15 | 1982-02-25 | Stöckel, Klaus, 7911 Jedelhausen | BRIKETTE PRESS |
-
1982
- 1982-05-18 EP EP82200605A patent/EP0066328A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2598016A (en) * | 1950-04-17 | 1952-05-27 | Hpm Dev Corp | Apparatus for hot pressing powdered metals |
US3397424A (en) * | 1964-09-25 | 1968-08-20 | Anth B Nilsen & Co Ltd As | Press for pressing of fibre materials such as dried wood pulp, cellulose, etc. |
FR1573928A (en) * | 1968-01-29 | 1969-07-11 | ||
FR95386E (en) * | 1968-01-29 | 1970-09-11 | Sorbier Pierre | Improvements to presses for molding objects in agglomerated wood and objects obtained by molding on such a press. |
DE2112558A1 (en) * | 1970-03-16 | 1971-10-07 | Expl Des Etablissements E Boff | Pressing device |
DE2149832A1 (en) * | 1970-10-07 | 1972-04-13 | Chemokomplex Vegyipari Gep Es | Method and device for the endless production of chipboard |
DE2932387A1 (en) * | 1978-08-10 | 1980-02-21 | Intercane Syst | DEVICE FOR PRODUCING PANELS FROM VEGETABLE FIBERS |
DE2932405A1 (en) * | 1979-08-09 | 1981-02-12 | Anton Heggenstaller | Extruding wood chipboard - using intermittently acting ram thrusting charge into first consolidating passage entrance while closing off inlet |
DE2948082A1 (en) * | 1979-11-29 | 1981-06-04 | Anton 8891 Unterbernbach Heggenstaller | Extruded chipboard beam - pressed without slider is turned over for optimum strength properties |
DE8027473U1 (en) * | 1980-10-15 | 1982-02-25 | Stöckel, Klaus, 7911 Jedelhausen | BRIKETTE PRESS |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103722764A (en) * | 2014-01-16 | 2014-04-16 | 中船第九设计研究院工程有限公司 | Ash powder press |
CN103722764B (en) * | 2014-01-16 | 2015-12-23 | 中船第九设计研究院工程有限公司 | A kind of ashes press |
JP2022020874A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2022-02-02 | 新東工業株式会社 | Dust solidification device |
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
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AK | Designated contracting states |
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Effective date: 19830526 |
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Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN REFUSED |
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18R | Application refused |
Effective date: 19850303 |
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RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: STRUMIA, RENATO |