EP0064842A1 - Materialsortierung - Google Patents

Materialsortierung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0064842A1
EP0064842A1 EP82302210A EP82302210A EP0064842A1 EP 0064842 A1 EP0064842 A1 EP 0064842A1 EP 82302210 A EP82302210 A EP 82302210A EP 82302210 A EP82302210 A EP 82302210A EP 0064842 A1 EP0064842 A1 EP 0064842A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
particles
emittance
reflectance
scanning
spectral
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP82302210A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Peter Albert Hawkins
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sphere Investments Ltd
Original Assignee
Sphere Investments Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sphere Investments Ltd filed Critical Sphere Investments Ltd
Publication of EP0064842A1 publication Critical patent/EP0064842A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
    • B07C5/342—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour
    • B07C5/3425—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour of granular material, e.g. ore particles, grain
    • B07C5/3427—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour of granular material, e.g. ore particles, grain by changing or intensifying the optical properties prior to scanning, e.g. by inducing fluorescence under UV or x-radiation, subjecting the material to a chemical reaction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
    • B07C5/363—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air
    • B07C5/365—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air using a single separation means
    • B07C5/366—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air using a single separation means during free fall of the articles

Definitions

  • This invention relates to sorting of particulate material nd has particular, but not exclusive, application to the orting of ore rocks.
  • the characteristic of the rocks used as the basis of the ort varies according to the nature of the material to be sorted. 1 the case of radioactive material such as uranium, the detection system may'include one or more scintillation detectors measure the radioactivity of the ore rocks. In other cases, porting is carried out by an examination of surface charact- ristics of the rock. For example, in'a photometric sorter ne rocks are illuminated with'electromagnetic radiation and re optically scanned to obtain reflectivity measurements nich are used as the basis of the sort.- In some sorters an optical scanning system is used to detect fluorescence of the equired material under ultra violet or x-radiation. It is Lso known to use detectors which provide an indication of Lectrical resistivity or magnetic permeability of the ore rocks.
  • the present invention is concerned with the use of detectors which measure reflectance or emittance in the infra-red region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
  • Remote sensing satellite and aerial survey programmes have demonstrated that the mid infra-red electromagnetic spectral region around 8 to 12 ⁇ m is capable of providing considerable compositional information regarding geological formations in the form of emittance minima caused by inter-atomic vibrations.
  • distinguishable spectra are measurable remotely in which the wavelength features are determined by the metals associated with Si-O bonds in the 9 to 11 ⁇ m reststrahlen bands.
  • iron silicates can be distinguish from alumino-silicate rocks, and hence coarsely crystalline (granite) rocks from glass-rich (basalt) rocks.
  • the present invention aims to make use of this effect to enable particles to be sorted on the basis of multi-spectral reflectance or emittance data. Simultaneous sensing at differing wavelengths enables significant enhancement of the sensitivity of detection of reflectance or emittance variations amongst ore rocks and enables compensation for effects such as surface texture changes where absolute. emittance levels may vary without composition change but where emittance minima spectral positions remain unchanged.
  • the invention provides a method of sorting particulate material, comprising:
  • the spectral reflectance or spectral emittance values are detected at two differing wavelengths in the range 6 to 12 ⁇ m and the particles are separated according to a determination of an average ratio between the two values for each particle.
  • the invention also provides apparatus for sorting particulate material; comprising
  • FIGS 1 and 2 illustrate infra-red spectral emittance characteristics determined experimentally on a.number of typical phosphate ore rocks. The contents of P 2 O 5 and SiO 2 were subsequently determined in each rock and have also been indicated on the figures. The concentratio: of FeO in each rock was also determiner.
  • particle No. 7 This particle has a low SiO 2 content-but it has a relatively high FeO content of 7% compared with less # than 1% for all of the other particles considered. Possibly due to the high FeO content, the response curve for particle No. 7 is displaced with the result that its response at 8.2 ⁇ m is similar to that of particles with high SiO 2 content. However, the shape of the response curve is appropriate to the low SiO 2 content and the ratio of the response at the two differing wavelengths will still indicate a low SiO 2 content.
  • the invention is particularly applicable to the sorting of phosphate rocks but it can be applied to other minerals.
  • the emittance/reflectance characteristics of typical ores can be determined experimentally and appropriate detector wavelengths chosen according to where the minima occur in the particular minerals concerned.
  • a ratio of two carefully selected wavelength-filtered signals could be used as the sorting parameter.
  • the response at a number of selected wavelengths could be measured and a regression expression used to estimate the relevant mineral content of the particle being sorted.
  • the coefficients of the regression formula may be built up from experimental measurements on large numbers of particles with known mineral content.
  • the form of the regression equation may be linear as in the following expression:-
  • FIG. 3 A typical apparatus constructed in accordance with the invention is illustrated diagrammatically in Figure 3.
  • the particles 11 to be sorted are projected in free flight from the end of a belt conveyor 12 through a scanning zone 13.
  • zone 13 the rocks are scanned by an. optical scanning system and a multi-spectral infra-red emittance detector system located in a housing 14.
  • the detector system may comprise a linear array of two-colour photo-conductive detectors.
  • the optical scanning system may be of conventional construction and arranged to provide a line scan across'the surface of the particles as they pass through the scanning zone.
  • Housing 14 will also contain a cooling system for the .detectors. This may be in the form of a closed- cycle thermal engine system or a LN 2 system.
  • the detectors produce output signals indicating the spectral emittance of the two wavelengths chosen and these are fed by separate lines 15, 16 to an electronic processor 17 which generates a ratio between the two signals.
  • the ratio signal is fed to a further processor 18 which provides rock imaging and controls the operation of a series of air blast nozzles 19 selectively to produce air blasts to divert individual particles from their free flight trajectory according to whether they are accepted or rejected.
  • the accepted particles may be collected by an accept conveyor 21 and the rejected particles carried away by a reject conveyor 22.
  • either of the complementary parameters of spectral emissivity (c ) or spectral reflectance (r x ) may be selected for sensing. These parameters are related by the formula Where possible,it is preferred to carry out the multiple wavelength sensing on an ambient temperature emissivity basis so as to avoid the complication of having to provide a thermal source. In some cases, however, it may be necessary to view the particles as they pass through a chamber maintained at an elevated temperature. The particles would pass through the chamber very rapidly (in a few milliseconds) so there would be no significant change in the surface temperature of the particle. The reflected energy would be sensed at the appropriate wavelengths simultaneously and the particles would form a secondary selectively absorbing grey body radiator.
EP82302210A 1981-05-12 1982-04-29 Materialsortierung Withdrawn EP0064842A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA813150 1981-05-12
ZA813150 1981-05-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0064842A1 true EP0064842A1 (de) 1982-11-17

Family

ID=25575394

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82302210A Withdrawn EP0064842A1 (de) 1981-05-12 1982-04-29 Materialsortierung

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0064842A1 (de)
AU (1) AU8319082A (de)

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT380814B (de) * 1984-09-10 1986-07-10 Andritz Ag Maschf Sortiereinrichtung zum trennen von in zufallsverteilung anfallenden, nach farbe, helligkeitswert, groesse oder dergleichen verschiedenen partikeln
WO1988005534A1 (en) * 1987-01-16 1988-07-28 The British Petroleum Company P.L.C. Separation process for diamonds
EP0358460A2 (de) * 1988-09-08 1990-03-14 De Beers Industrial Diamond Division (Proprietary) Limited Sortiervorrichtung
US4914672A (en) * 1988-07-14 1990-04-03 Embrex, Inc. Method and apparatus of distinguishing between live and dead poultry eggs
US4915827A (en) * 1988-05-19 1990-04-10 Trebor Industries, Inc. Method and apparatus for optical sorting of materials using near infrared absorbtion criteria
GB2244329A (en) * 1990-04-24 1991-11-27 Gersan Ets Identifying gemstone type.
AT395545B (de) * 1990-10-04 1993-01-25 Binder Co Ag Sortiereinrichtung
US5206699A (en) * 1988-05-06 1993-04-27 Gersan Establishment Sensing a narrow frequency band of radiation and gemstones
AU646542B2 (en) * 1988-05-06 1994-02-24 Gersan Establishment Monitoring an apparatus which uses scanned radiation
GB2274165A (en) * 1990-04-24 1994-07-13 Gersan Ets Method and apparatus for examining an object
US5339962A (en) * 1990-10-29 1994-08-23 National Recovery Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for sorting materials using electromagnetic sensing
US5505313A (en) * 1991-02-20 1996-04-09 Gersan Establishment Method and apparatus for detecting diamonds in a plurality of objects
GB2298711A (en) * 1995-03-06 1996-09-11 De Beers Ind Diamond Rock sorting
US5801819A (en) * 1994-09-02 1998-09-01 Gersan Establishment Distinguishing natural from synthetic diamond
US5835200A (en) * 1990-04-24 1998-11-10 Gersan Establishment Method and apparatus for examining an object
US5883388A (en) * 1994-09-07 1999-03-16 Gersan Establishment Examining a diamond
USRE36537E (en) * 1990-10-29 2000-02-01 National Recovery Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for sorting materials using electromagnetic sensing
WO2007007165A2 (en) * 2005-07-11 2007-01-18 De Beers Consolidated Mines Limited Infrared imaging spectroscopy system and method for sorting particulate material
WO2009075580A1 (en) * 2007-11-22 2009-06-18 Integrated Optoelectronics As Method and system for measuring and determining/identifying different materials
EP2392414A1 (de) * 2010-06-02 2011-12-07 OptoSort GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erkennen eines ein Zielmineral enthaltenden Objektes
CN103071575A (zh) * 2013-01-29 2013-05-01 宜城鑫青钙业有限公司 一种用浅色矿石加工制备超白矿物粉体的方法
DE202015101038U1 (de) * 2015-03-04 2016-03-07 Imro Maschinenbau Gmbh Separationsvorrichtung mit ausweichbarer Ausblaseinheit
RU2675807C2 (ru) * 2017-02-03 2018-12-25 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Иркутский национальный исследовательский технический университет" (ФГБОУ ВО "ИРНИТУ") Способ сортировки породы

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3917070A (en) * 1972-03-16 1975-11-04 Emil S Asfour Method and system for grading articles according to color
US4236640A (en) * 1978-12-21 1980-12-02 The Superior Oil Company Separation of nahcolite from oil shale by infrared sorting
GB2057123A (en) * 1979-07-24 1981-03-25 Csr Ltd Sorting apparatus
GB2060166A (en) * 1979-10-09 1981-04-29 Ag Electron Inc Sorting device and method

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3917070A (en) * 1972-03-16 1975-11-04 Emil S Asfour Method and system for grading articles according to color
US4236640A (en) * 1978-12-21 1980-12-02 The Superior Oil Company Separation of nahcolite from oil shale by infrared sorting
GB2057123A (en) * 1979-07-24 1981-03-25 Csr Ltd Sorting apparatus
GB2060166A (en) * 1979-10-09 1981-04-29 Ag Electron Inc Sorting device and method

Cited By (35)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT380814B (de) * 1984-09-10 1986-07-10 Andritz Ag Maschf Sortiereinrichtung zum trennen von in zufallsverteilung anfallenden, nach farbe, helligkeitswert, groesse oder dergleichen verschiedenen partikeln
WO1988005534A1 (en) * 1987-01-16 1988-07-28 The British Petroleum Company P.L.C. Separation process for diamonds
US4907875A (en) * 1987-01-16 1990-03-13 The British Petroleum Company P.L.C. Diamond separation process
US5206699A (en) * 1988-05-06 1993-04-27 Gersan Establishment Sensing a narrow frequency band of radiation and gemstones
AU646542B2 (en) * 1988-05-06 1994-02-24 Gersan Establishment Monitoring an apparatus which uses scanned radiation
US4915827A (en) * 1988-05-19 1990-04-10 Trebor Industries, Inc. Method and apparatus for optical sorting of materials using near infrared absorbtion criteria
US4914672A (en) * 1988-07-14 1990-04-03 Embrex, Inc. Method and apparatus of distinguishing between live and dead poultry eggs
EP0358460A2 (de) * 1988-09-08 1990-03-14 De Beers Industrial Diamond Division (Proprietary) Limited Sortiervorrichtung
EP0358460A3 (de) * 1988-09-08 1991-07-31 De Beers Industrial Diamond Division (Proprietary) Limited Sortiervorrichtung
GB2244329A (en) * 1990-04-24 1991-11-27 Gersan Ets Identifying gemstone type.
GB2274165A (en) * 1990-04-24 1994-07-13 Gersan Ets Method and apparatus for examining an object
US5835200A (en) * 1990-04-24 1998-11-10 Gersan Establishment Method and apparatus for examining an object
GB2274165B (en) * 1990-04-24 1994-10-26 Gersan Ets Method and apparatus for examining a diamond
GB2244329B (en) * 1990-04-24 1994-10-26 Gersan Ets Method and apparatus for examining an object
AT395545B (de) * 1990-10-04 1993-01-25 Binder Co Ag Sortiereinrichtung
US5518124A (en) * 1990-10-29 1996-05-21 National Recovery Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for the separation of materials using penetrating electromagnetic radiation
USRE36537E (en) * 1990-10-29 2000-02-01 National Recovery Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for sorting materials using electromagnetic sensing
US5738224A (en) * 1990-10-29 1998-04-14 National Recovery Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for the separation of materials using penetrating electromagnetic radiation
US5339962A (en) * 1990-10-29 1994-08-23 National Recovery Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for sorting materials using electromagnetic sensing
US5505313A (en) * 1991-02-20 1996-04-09 Gersan Establishment Method and apparatus for detecting diamonds in a plurality of objects
US5628410A (en) * 1991-02-20 1997-05-13 Gersan Establishment Classifying or sorting
EP0772037A3 (de) * 1991-02-20 1999-08-18 Gersan Establishment Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Klassifizieren oder Sortieren von Mineralien
US5801819A (en) * 1994-09-02 1998-09-01 Gersan Establishment Distinguishing natural from synthetic diamond
US5883388A (en) * 1994-09-07 1999-03-16 Gersan Establishment Examining a diamond
GB2298711B (en) * 1995-03-06 1999-06-30 De Beers Ind Diamond Rock sorting
AU704679B2 (en) * 1995-03-06 1999-04-29 De Beers Industrial Diamond Division (Proprietary) Limited Rock sorting
GB2298711A (en) * 1995-03-06 1996-09-11 De Beers Ind Diamond Rock sorting
WO2007007165A2 (en) * 2005-07-11 2007-01-18 De Beers Consolidated Mines Limited Infrared imaging spectroscopy system and method for sorting particulate material
WO2007007165A3 (en) * 2005-07-11 2007-03-22 De Beers Cons Mines Ltd Infrared imaging spectroscopy system and method for sorting particulate material
WO2009075580A1 (en) * 2007-11-22 2009-06-18 Integrated Optoelectronics As Method and system for measuring and determining/identifying different materials
EP2392414A1 (de) * 2010-06-02 2011-12-07 OptoSort GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erkennen eines ein Zielmineral enthaltenden Objektes
CN103071575A (zh) * 2013-01-29 2013-05-01 宜城鑫青钙业有限公司 一种用浅色矿石加工制备超白矿物粉体的方法
CN103071575B (zh) * 2013-01-29 2014-12-17 宜城鑫青钙业有限公司 一种用浅色矿石加工制备超白矿物粉体的方法
DE202015101038U1 (de) * 2015-03-04 2016-03-07 Imro Maschinenbau Gmbh Separationsvorrichtung mit ausweichbarer Ausblaseinheit
RU2675807C2 (ru) * 2017-02-03 2018-12-25 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Иркутский национальный исследовательский технический университет" (ФГБОУ ВО "ИРНИТУ") Способ сортировки породы

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Publication number Publication date
AU8319082A (en) 1982-11-18

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PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

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Inventor name: HAWKINS, PETER ALBERT