EP0063630B1 - Method and device for filling the hollow space between the roof support of galleries and the rock by means of pipes containing a hardening filling - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a process and device for backfilling of a roadway structure of mine and tunnel construction utilizing support hoses filled with a hardening filler. The hoses, when empty, are supported by the roadway support, after being put in place on the support are filled and thereby stretched out to form an inflated profile which locks onto the support section. The process and device used has the advantages of not being limited to certain specific support structure spacings and may be applied to a variety of roadway sections. The support section has the general shape of an I-beam and when used in multi-part roadway structures the section junctions are protected against overloads even when they are designed with limited yieldability. The support hose is laid on and supported over part of its length directly by the outer face of an "I" beam support section flange facing the rock. Where the flange supports the hose, the support section flange wholly or partly indents the cross-section contour of the inflated profile when the support hose is stretched out as it is filled with the hardener compound.

Description

The invention relates primarily to a method for backfilling route construction of mining and tunneling consisting of segments with segment connections according to the preamble of claim 1.

In addition, the invention relates to devices for carrying out this method using a support hose made of water-permeable, in particular textile material, which retains fine-grained constituents of the filler.

The backfilling of the line expansion generally serves to keep point loads through the mountains away from the line construction. This presupposes that any route construction should be connected with the backfill as far as possible over its entire circumference directly to the mountain surface, which usually did not break out according to the route profile. The invention relates to hardening, preferably hydraulic fillers, which in liquid form under considerable pressures, for. B. in the order of 15 bar are pumped into support hoses, which enclose the backfill and thereby bring them into a shape that on the one hand ensures the bridging of the locally different distances of the route extension in question and on the other hand the route construction or its expansion profile form-fitting with the over-profile of the Support hose connects, which in turn is form-fitting with the excavation area of the mountains or a route delay, which is arranged in the support hose of the route construction and the mountains and is pressed against the mountains with the pressure filling.

So far, such a backfilling technique could only be carried out with channel profiles, because in such constructions the support hose can be inserted into the channel empty and after inflation it can be stretched to an over-profile that lies with a partial cut in the channel and therefore brings about the positive connection with the two profile bars . However, such channel profiles are only suitable for flexible route constructions, because they are in several parts and the channel profile segments must therefore be nested for their connection to one another and must be braced under pressure. However, this requires special measures in order to form predetermined breaking points in the hardened filler in the area of the connections, which also make it possible for the backfill to give in to insert the segments.

Such route expansion belongs to the previously published prior art (DE-A-2 627 256). To do this, place the empty hose under the pressure-compliant clamping connections and on the profile bases. When the support hose is clamped, it unfolds completely to the desired over-profile that creates the connection to the mountains only between the overlaps of the profile segments, while the hose is constricted in the overlaps in order to form the predetermined breaking points that enable insertion. On the one hand, it is disadvantageous that the overlaps cannot be connected to the mountains in this way. Because this can cause this part to dodge and overload the construction in such a way that it can no longer carry according to schedule when the line is overloaded. On the other hand, channel profiles are relatively expensive and can only be used where their extensive flexibility can be exploited; these applications do not coincide with the much wider scope of the rear ^f ülltechnik by means of support tubes and curing filling materials.

However, it is also known to use rigid bends or frame elements of the track extension on flexible supports as a preliminary extension, with extended supports using pillow-shaped hoses, which, among other things, can also be filled with a hardening filler, the connection to the mountains is made (CH-A-462871). This expansion is recovered by lowering the flexible supports, the circumferential length of which is left out with the hoses, and is therefore restricted to the recoverability. With this removal, the support hoses must be common to two successive structures if they are only to be placed on the structure before they are filled. For this reason, only large-volume hoses and only small construction distances can be used, as they occur locally in the disused mountains.

In the case of a less advanced expansion technique, the route construction is generally not backfilled over its entire circumference, but locally braced with the mountains at several points distributed over its circumference. In this prior art it is known (DE-B-1 291 310) to replace the wooden blocks generally used for this by elastic bubbles which are also inflated with a hardening filler. The purpose of backfilling with the aim of keeping point loads from the mountains away from the expansion is not pursued and is not achieved. Sufficient protection is not guaranteed for the segment connections in the line construction.

In contrast, the invention is based on the object of the known backfilling technique, which is not restricted to specific construction distances, with the aid of support hoses, in particular known training, which, for. B. can bridge distances of about 25 cm and are therefore relatively small in volume to apply to general I-profile expansion profiles in multi-part track construction and their segment Protect connections against overloads even if they are of limited flexibility.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by the characterizing features of the claims.

By directly placing and supporting the support hose on the outer surface of an extension profile flange facing the mountains over at least a part of a length, and at least on this part of its length, the support profile flange when the support hose is clamped into the cross-sectional contour of the overprofile in whole or in part is molded, on the one hand, the general I-profile-shaped expansion profiles can be installed in such a way that, despite the support hose, they are oriented with the so-called y-axis in the expansion plane, where their main bending directions are. The channels missing in this direction and arranged perpendicular to it between adjacent profile flanges and thus also the positive fit of the expansion profile with the support tube, given by a channel, are replaced according to the invention by molding the expansion profile flange into the support tube, which of course not everywhere, but only in the practically required Dimensions need to be taken.

According to the invention, the segment connections are also arranged under the hose and therefore, like the other points of the route construction, are connected to the mountains. This avoids overloading the segment connections with permanent deformation of the route expansion.

In general, the required hose lengths are only wound in place, e.g. B. from a drum or a bobbin and puts the elastic support hose on the already standing track construction. Depending on the material, the support hose deforms not only from the initially flat empty profile into the cross-section of the upper profile when the filler is introduced, but also in itself. Since, according to the invention, the displacement of the support hose on the expansion profile flange during filling is limited transversely to the expansion level, the extending support hose can become u. a. also move freely in its axis until it has made the connection, d. H. bridged the distance to the mountains.

It has been found that, contrary to what has been gained to date with the channel profiles, the support tube, which can be displaced to a limited extent in the channel, does not have to be carried on the extension profile flange over its full length, although the contact area there is relatively limited . For this reason, the invention is limited to the limitedly displaceable holding of partial lengths of the support tube, so that the remaining partial lengths of the support tube can be arranged to move freely. This procedure is of considerable advantage because it facilitates the insertion of the support hose and in particular reduces the number or length of the devices that must be additionally provided on the expansion profile when the support hose is automatically held.

For this reason, it is also of no concern to make the support hose form-fitting with the expansion profile flange only over its limitedly displaceable length. The means required for this can then be provided at correspondingly large intervals. On the other hand, such a positive connection means that parts of the positive connections need only be provided on the expansion profile and on the support hose itself, that is to say there is no need for additional devices.

It will not always be possible to adequately cover all the gaps that occur with the support hose. H. to be bridged so that a connection is still possible, but also a positive connection between the support hose and mountains or warpage is achieved. In particular, this can be the case if unintentional additional outbreaks have been made due to broke mountains or inadequate excavation work. Then the method according to the invention can be used in that a connection to the rock or to the warp is established with one or more short hoses on the back of the support hose facing the rock.

Here, too, the deformations occurring when the short hoses are being filled can be prevented, without additional brackets, from causing the short hose to slide off or to let it deviate from its predetermined position in some other way. For this purpose, the method according to the invention provides for the short hoses to be stretched over at least part of their length to form a double bead and centered on the support tube with the double bead.

One can proceed according to a further embodiment of the invention in such a way that the short hoses are placed on the support hose with a transverse fold, which is used as a material reserve when the short hose in question is tensioned.

• Figur 1 eine erste Ausführungsform der Erfindung, wobei ein Streckenbau im Streckenquerschnitt dargestellt ist,
• Figur 2 einen Schnitt längs der Linie 11-11 der Fig. 1,
• Figur 3 einen Schnitt längs der Linie 111-111 der Fig. 1,
• Figur 4 in der Fig. 1 entsprechender Darstellung eine abgeänderte Ausführungsform der Erfindung,
• Figur 5 einen Schnitt längs der Linie V-V der Fig. 4,
• Figur 6 eine Draufsicht auf den Gegenstand der Fig. 5 unter Fortlassung des Stützschlauches,
• Figur 7 in der Fig. 5 entsprechender Darstellung eine abgeänderte Ausführungsform der Erfindung,
• Figur 8 in den Fig. 1 und 4 entsprechender Darstellung eine dritte Ausführungsform der Erfindung,
• Figur 9 eine Draufsicht auf einen Kurzschlauch, der in der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 8 verwendet wird,
• Figur 10 einen Schnitt längs der Linie X-X der Fig. 9,
• Figur 11 eine weitere Ausführungsform in abgebrochener und in der Fig. 8 entsprechender Darstellung,
• Figur 12 eine gegenüber der Fig. 11 abgeänderte Ausführungsform in entsprechender Darstellung,
• Figur 13 in perspektivischer Darstellung ein gekrümmtes Ausbauprofilsegment mit einer Vorrichtung zur formschlüssigen Halterung eines Stützschlauches,
• Figur 14 eine Ausführungsform eines Stützschlauches für das Segment nach Fig. 13 in perspektivischer Darstellung und
• Figur 15 einen Querschnitt durch einen Streckenbau der Ausführungsform nach den Fig. 13 und 14 in abgebrochener Darstellung.

The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of several exemplary embodiments; show it

• FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the invention, a route construction being shown in the route cross section,
• 2 shows a section along the line 11-11 of FIG. 1,
• 3 shows a section along the line 111-111 of FIG. 1,
• FIG. 4 shows a modified embodiment of the invention in a representation corresponding to FIG. 1,
• 5 shows a section along the line VV of FIG. 4,
• Figure 6 is a plan view of the object 5 omitting the support hose,
• FIG. 7 shows a modified embodiment of the invention in a representation corresponding to FIG. 5,
• 8 shows a third embodiment of the invention in a representation corresponding to FIGS. 1 and 4,
• FIG. 9 shows a plan view of a short hose which is used in the embodiment according to FIG. 8,
• FIG. 10 shows a section along the line XX of FIG. 9,
• FIG. 11 shows a further embodiment in a broken-off and corresponding representation in FIG. 8,
• FIG. 12 shows an embodiment modified from that in FIG. 11 in a corresponding illustration,
• FIG. 13 shows in perspective a curved expansion profile segment with a device for the form-fitting mounting of a support hose,
• Figure 14 shows an embodiment of a support tube for the segment of FIG. 13 in a perspective view and
• FIG. 15 shows a cross section through a route construction of the embodiment according to FIGS. 13 and 14 in broken representation.

According to the representation according to FIGS. 1 and 2, a support hose 2 is arranged on an arcuate route construction, generally designated 1, which is filled with a hardening filler 3 under pressure. The support hose surrounds the entire circumference of the route construction 1 and thus also the tab connections indicated at 13 and 19 of the ends of its three segments 28, 32 and 35. This support hose bridges an existing on the entire circumference of the route construction 1 and, for example, at a distance of varying thickness from Z. B. up to 25 cm between the route construction 1 and the delay 5 pressed against the mountains 4.

The expansion profile is an I-profile 6, the y-axis of which is arranged in the expansion plane, which is indicated by dash-dotted lines at 7 in FIG. 2. The expansion profile accordingly has an expansion profile flange 8 which is assigned to the interior of the route and which forms a structural unit via a web 9 with an expansion profile flange 10 facing the mountains. The expansion profile flange 10 has an outer surface 11 facing the mountains, on which the initially flat filling hose 2 is placed. The filling hose 2 is thus supported on the entire circumference of the building 1 in the state not inflated to the over-profile shown.

In order to prevent the hose from slipping when the filling hose 2 with the hardening filling is subsequently inflated, a centering arch 12 is used. According to the representation of FIG. 2, this consists of a U-profile 14 with legs 15, 16, which enclose the expansion profile 6 and are angled outwards at 17 and 18 at their free ends. The angled ends form a holder for the support tube during inflation, which allow the support tube to move during filling, but which is limited in both directions transverse to the expansion plane. As can be seen from the illustration in FIG. 2, the support hose is stretched to the over-profile shown at 20 when it is provided with the required pressure with the hardening filling. This filling can be pumped in at one or both hose ends. However, it can also be carried out at any point on the support hose by probes which can be inserted into the hose material. The over-profile of the support hose forms the dents shown at 21 and 22, through which the expansion profile flange is partially molded into the cross-sectional contour of the over-profile. This provides a positive connection between the expansion profile 6 and the support hose. Moreover, in the area of the section shown in FIG. 2, the support hose has also laid on the inner sides 23 and 24 of the outwardly angled legs 17 and 18 and flattened there, which is indicated schematically at 25 and 26, respectively.

The centering arch 12 is strived towards the center several times, as shown at 27, for example in FIG. 1. The struts end at gusset plates 29, on the underside of which a hemisphere 30 is formed, which can be supported by a stamp schematically indicated by an arrow 31. However, it is also possible to support the centering arch 12, which is only required for a short time, namely until the filler has hardened, with the aid of a charger, which is used to unload the pile in the track advance,

On the areas of the support tube which are not supported by the centering arch and which are provided on the straight ends 33 and 34 of the arch stamp, the support tube forms z. B. from FIG. 3 shape. The choice of a corresponding over-profile results in a positive connection at 21 and 22 between the over-profile 20 and the expansion profile 6. It does not matter that the positive connection indicated schematically with 21 and 22 is produced over the entire length of the support hose. Rather, it suffices that a sufficient blockage between the support hose and the expansion profile 6 is achieved, which excludes the separation of the expansion profile 6 and the support hose 2, 20 that would otherwise be possible under the influence of the displacement forces that occur.

It is therefore also possible to mount the support hose on the expansion profile 6 in the manner shown in the cross section of FIG. 3 without any special devices; you can correct local slipping of the filling and moving hose 2 by hand until the positive fit of the hose 2 with the rock 4 and / or the expansion profile 6 has been achieved.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 4, the support tube in the area of the bend 36, i.e. above the straight lengths 33, 34, is supported in part lengths by several tabs 37, while the intermediate part lengths, as shown in the embodiment of FIG. 3, on the Extension profile flange placed on it are supported. As in the embodiment of FIGS. 4 and 5, it is tabs, the main part is punched out of simple steel sheets. This is a rectangular plate 38 (FIG. 6) which, parallel to its longer edges 39, 40, is provided with a plurality of beads 41-43 and tongues 44, 45 therebetween. The tongues encompass the longitudinal edge 46 of the upper flange 10, which faces the mountains. Counter tongues 47 arranged on the opposite side, which are detachably attached, serve for securing. For fastening, head screws 48 are used, the screw heads 49 of which are fixed to the base plate 38 by means of spot welding, as indicated at 50 'in FIG. 6, and wing nuts 50 which are supported on the counter tongues 47, which in turn the opposite longitudinal edge 51 of the upper flange 10 include.

The base plate 38 is deformed into a flat channel 52 which opens in the direction of the mountains 4 or the draft 5. In the area of the tabs 37, the support tube 2 is therefore not supported with the outside of the upper flange 11, but with the tabs 37, which with their legs 53 and 54 prevent the support tube from escaping from the expansion level on both sides.

In the embodiment according to fig. 7, the tabs with the centering plates 38 are replaced by centering pieces 55, which have the same function as the tabs 37. The centering pieces 55 are extruded plastic profile sections with a channel 52 which is open towards the mountains 4 and a channel 56 attached to the underside thereof with converging webs 57 and 58 which encompass the upper flange 10. These centering pieces 55 are clamped on and hold due to their positive locking with the expansion profile 6.

Since these are low-value parts, they are not designed to be recoverable, but can also be used on the straight lengths 33 and 34 of the sheet if necessary. Thermoplastic, but also epoxy resin, which may be glass fiber reinforced in profile, can be used as the material.

In addition to a support hose 2, the embodiment according to FIG. 8 also uses a plurality of short hoses 60 and 61 which fill corresponding cavities 62 which have formed on the circumference of the arch.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 9, such a short hose is made from a round woven piece of hose 63, which is sewn at its ends by several transverse seams, as indicated at 64 and 65. A short distance from the seams 64 and 65, e.g. B. at a distance of about 30 cm, the tube material is divided by short bolt seams 66, 67 approximately in its longitudinal center. These sealing seams can have a length of approx. 70 mm and can be quadruple and double-stitched.

If, as shown in FIG. 10, the over-profile 20 of the hose 2 has been produced by inflating it with the filling 3, the short hoses 60 and 61 can be filled. 10, two longitudinal beads 68 and 69 form in the area of the tack seams, while an over-profile arises between the tack seams 66 and 67 and the lengths between the tack seams and the end seams 64 and 65, which is designated 70 and connects to the mountains. The longitudinal beads 68 and 69 hold the short tubes 60 and 61 on the support tube when the latter is stretched to its over-profile 20. They ensure that the short hoses 60 and 61 are centered on the expansion level.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 11 and 12 it is assumed that the short hoses have a relatively short and precisely defined length between the bolt seams 66 and 67. The tube is designed so that when it is inflated with the hardening filler, the starting length at the bar seams 66 and 67 increases and assumes the value a '. This enables the short hose to expand to a thick bead. To achieve this, the initially flat short hose, shown at 72, is placed in a fold at 73, as shown in FIG. 12, which creates the required material reserve. Basically, you only fill the short hose when the support hose is already filled, i.e. H. is bloated.

The short hoses can be made of the same material as the support hose. Such a support hose is in particular a round-woven hose, which is designed, for example, for test pressures of up to 15 bar. The fabric is designed in such a way that it produces a filter effect, so that fine-grained filling material is retained, but water is released to the outside. In particular, complete retention of the binders of the preferably hydraulic filler is ensured.

The fabric construction is preferably made of multifilaments and is designed so that the individual threads cannot move against each other. Nevertheless, it is possible to produce individual openings in the tissue with probes, which can close again automatically under the outflow of the internal pressure, so that the hose can be filled at any point. Such a hose generally consists of synthetic fibers. However, a tube made from a blown film with subsequent perforation can also be used.

The hose can be designed in such a way that, in particular in the case of round-woven hoses, rotation is prevented when it is placed on the building. This can be done by means of tricks on the ends of the flat material. These tricks do not lead to a loss of strength. You can also specify the position of the hoses by marking a warp thread or weaving in a metal braid, which makes it easier to orient the hose on the expansion profile.

The expansion profile is only generally I _- shaped. it can be used as cup-Normal Rail wide flange _- are trained and box section. Profiles of the so-called NCB standard are also considered.

Such a profile is shown at 6 in FIG. 13. Its upper flange 10 carries, on its surface 11 facing the mountains, a plurality of round bolts 87, preferably at equal intervals, which are designated by b. These round bolts 87 or pins fit into recesses 86 in the support tube of FIG. 14, which is generally shown at 88. This support tube has two parallel fillable cross-sectional areas, which are designated by 84 and 85. The cross-sectional areas 84 and 85 are connected to one another by a selvedge 83 in which the cutouts 86 are made, which can be reinforced by eyelets. The outer edges 89, 90 are also selvedges so that the entire support tube 88 can be made in one piece. It is also possible to obtain the support tube from a larger unit by cutting along the edges 89 and 90.

First of all, the construction is also set up in the embodiment according to FIGS. 13 and 15. Then the support hose is positively connected to the upper flange 10 by pushing the recesses 86 onto the associated pins or round bolts 87. On the other hand, the length of the support tube lies freely on the upper flange 10.

If the support hose at 84 and 85 is filled under pressure, it forms an over-profile at 91 and 92, which the warp 5 or the mountain 4 creates in the absence of warping. Here, too, there is a partial molding of the upper flange 10 into the over-profiles 91 and 92, which are shown at 21 and 22 in FIG. 15.

The tube can, in the course of filling, stand out in whole or in part from the pins 87 as soon as the positive engagement begins; however, the connection between the parts 86 and 87 can also be secured against loosening from one another.

Claims (10)

1. A method of filling the hollow space between the rock and gallery roof supports, consisting of segments with segment connectors, in mining and tunnel construction, with the aid of flexible support tubes and a hardening filling, wherein a hollow support tube (2), extending over the whole extent of the gallery roof support, is laid along the outer side of the gallery roof support (1), and the support tube is then expanded, by being filled with the filling, to an overall outline which is adapted to the form of the roof support girder and is pressed against the rock or against a lining, characterised in that the hollow support tube (2) is fitted over the segment connectors (13, 19) and for at least a part of its length is at any given time in engagement with a roof support girder flange (10) which faces the rock (4), and that, while it is being filled, the displaceability of the support tube (2) on its bearing surface (11) transverse to the plane (7) of the roof support is limited in such a way that the roof support girder (6), over that part of its length that corresponds to the bearing surface (11), is at least partially molded, by its flange (10) that faces the rock (4), into the overall cross-section (20) of the filled support tube (2).

2. A method according to claim 1, characterised in that, on the rear side (82) of the support tube (2) facing the rock (4), a connection with the rock (4) and/or with the lining (5) is established at any given time with the aid of one or more short tubes (60, 61).

3. A method according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the short tubes (60, 61), over a portion of their length, are expanded to form a double bulge (68, 69) and are centred by the double bulge (68, 69) on the support tube (2).

4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the short tubes (60, 61) are laid upon the support tube (2) with a transverse fold (73) which is made use of as a reserve of material when the relevant short tube (60, 61) is expanded.

5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that initially the support tube (2) is expanded up to the overall outline, and the short tubes (60, 61) are subsequently expanded.

6. A device for implementation of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 with the use of a support tube made of water-permeable, more particularly textile, material which holds back fine-grained elements of the filling material, characterised by a support (12, 37, 55) or connection (83) of the support tube (2) with the roof support girder (20) fitted adjacent to the cross- sectional areas (84, 85) of the support tube which are borne by the roof support girder flange (10), which support or connection interacts with the flange (10), facing the rock, of a generally I-shaped roof support girder (6) and is adapted to the form of the latter.

7. A device according to claim 6, characterised in that a centre arch (12), U-shaped in section, serves for support, and its side pieces (15, 16) are angled outwardly at their ends (17, 18) and hold up the support tube (2) adjacent to the flange (10) facing the rock.

8. A device according to claim 6, characterised by clips, serving for support, constituted by a baseplate (38) provided with tongues (44, 45, 47) for fastening releasably on the upper flange (10) of the roof support girder (6).

9. A device according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterised by a structural member (55), serving for support, with a channel (52) facing the rock (4), which is provided on its underside with a parallel channel (56) to receive the flange (10) adjacent to the rock between converging side pieces (57, 58).

10. A device according to claim 6, characterised by a support tube provided with a longitudinal bulge (84, 85) on each side and having apertures (86) between the bulges, which apertures, together with studs (87) fitted on the surface (11) of the upper flange (10) facing the rock, serve the purpose of connection.

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