EP0063547A1 - Electrolysis vat - Google Patents
Electrolysis vat Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0063547A1 EP0063547A1 EP82810159A EP82810159A EP0063547A1 EP 0063547 A1 EP0063547 A1 EP 0063547A1 EP 82810159 A EP82810159 A EP 82810159A EP 82810159 A EP82810159 A EP 82810159A EP 0063547 A1 EP0063547 A1 EP 0063547A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- volcanic ash
- electrolysis
- tub
- layer
- alumina
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
- C25C3/085—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes characterised by its non electrically conducting heat insulating parts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrolysis trough, in particular for the production of aluminum by melt flow electrolysis, consisting of an outer steel trough, a heat-insulating layer and an inner lining consisting essentially of carbon.
- the productive part of the energy consumption is needed to reduce the cations to metallic aluminum. This productive part of energy consumption cannot be reduced.
- the unproductive energy losses can be divided into various losses, all of which affect the environment as heat losses. These heat losses can be controlled and must be kept to a minimum.
- the heat generated during the electrolysis process always flows to colder parts of the tub, from where it escapes into the environment and thus draws energy from the production process.
- a thermal insulation layer has therefore been embedded in the outer steel trough for a long time.
- Shaped bodies made of diatomaceous earth or moler stone are usually used. New moler stones have excellent insulation properties, but they are very sensitive to bath components that penetrate the carbon lining. For this reason, the innermost layer is often made from less sensitive, but also poorly insulating refractory bricks. Stones can be easily stacked on top of each other and in this way both the side walls and the horizontal pan floor can be easily insulated.
- Alumina is inert to bath components penetrating the carbon lining, but the thermal insulation capacity of a new tub floor lined with alumina is relatively low.
- the inventors have set themselves the task of creating a thermal insulation layer for an electrolysis bath, which has good insulation properties over the entire life of the bath has shafts, but can be produced with significantly less investment than the previous embodiments.
- the object is achieved according to the invention in that at least the lower 80% of the floor insulation consists of a volcanic ash layer solidified by mechanical means, the remaining floor insulation consists of a leak barrier which shields the volcanic ash from bath components penetrating the coal lining.
- Volcanic ash is available in abundance as a natural raw material in numerous countries and can be obtained with little effort.
- the volcanic ash obtained as coarse granulate with a natural average grain size of 5 - 30 mm is light and porous. As a rule, it also has the necessary mechanical strength.
- the black Icelandic volcanic ash has proven to be particularly cheap, as it can be poured into the tub as floor insulation and mechanically compacted by pounding and / or vibrating.
- the volcanic ash layer is made as thick as possible, so that the remaining leak barrier can still be made sufficiently thick for an optimal age of the tub. Therefore, at least the lower 90% of the floor insulation preferably consists of volcanic ash.
- Powdered alumina which is also used for the electrolysis process for the production of aluminum, is preferably poured onto the compressed insulation layer made of volcanic ash.
- the previous compression of the volcanic ash prevents alumina from seeping in on a larger scale and thus reducing the insulating properties of the volcanic ash.
- a thinly formed, approx. 3 - 6 cm thick alumina layer is sufficient for the function as a leak barrier.
- an impermeable flexible graphite membrane which is connected with a thin steel foil, can be inserted between volcanic ash and alumina (cf. TMS Paper No. LM 78-19 or DE-OS 28 17 202).
- the single figure shows a schematic vertical partial section through an electrolysis trough, as is used for the production of aluminum by means of melt flow electrolysis.
- a layer of mechanically compressed volcanic ash 12 is filled into a steel trough 10. About 5 cm of alumina 14 are poured onto this approximately 25 cm high ash layer. The side wall of the steel tub 10 is insulated with moler or firebricks 16. Finally, the carbon lining 18, which may contain cathode bars, not shown, is used.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Eine Elektrolysewanne, die insbesondere zur Herstellung von Aluminium durch Schmelzflusselektrolyse benutzt wird, besteht aus einer äusseren Stahlwanne (10) einer wärmedämmenden Isolationsschicht und einer im wesentlichen aus Kohlestoff bestehenden Innenauskleidung (18). Mindestens die unteren 80% der Bodenisolation, vorzugsweise mindestens die unteren 90%, bestehen aus einer mit mechanischen Mitteln verfestigten Vulkanascheschicht (12), die restliche Bodenisolation wird aus einer Leckbarriere (14) gebildet, welche die Vulkanasche gegen die Kohleauskleidung (18) durchdringende Badkomponenten abschirmt.An electrolysis trough, which is used in particular for the production of aluminum by melt flow electrolysis, consists of an outer steel trough (10), a heat-insulating layer and an inner lining (18) consisting essentially of carbon material. At least the lower 80% of the floor insulation, preferably at least the lower 90%, consist of a volcanic ash layer (12) solidified by mechanical means, the remaining floor insulation is formed from a leak barrier (14) which penetrates the bath components through the volcanic ash against the coal lining (18) shields.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Elektrolysewanne, insbesondere für die Herstellung von Aluminium durch Schmelzflusselektrolyse, bestehend aus einer äusseren Stahlwanne, einer wärmedämmenden Isolationsschicht und einer im wesentlichen aus Kohlenstoff bestehenden Innenauskleidung.The present invention relates to an electrolysis trough, in particular for the production of aluminum by melt flow electrolysis, consisting of an outer steel trough, a heat-insulating layer and an inner lining consisting essentially of carbon.
Für die Gewinnung von Aluminium durch Schmelzflusselektrolyse von Aluminiumoxid wird dieses in einer Fluoridschmelze gelöst, die zum grössten Teil aus Kryolith besteht. Das kathodisch abgeschiedene Aluminium sammelt sich unter der Fluoridschmelze auf dem Kohleboden der Zelle, wobei die Oberfläche des flüssigen Aluminiums die Kathode bildet. In die Schmelze tauchen von oben Anoden ein, die bei konventionellen Verfahren aus amorphem Kohlenstoff bestehen. An den Kohleanoden entsteht durch die elektrolytische Zersetzung des Aluminiumoxids Sauerstoff, der sich mit dem Kohlenstoff der Anoden zu C02 und CO verbindet. Die Elektrolyse findet in einem Temperaturbereich von etwa 940-970°C statt.For the production of aluminum by melt flow electrolysis of aluminum oxide, this is dissolved in a fluoride melt, which consists largely of cryolite. The cathodically deposited aluminum collects under the fluoride melt on the carbon bottom of the cell, the surface of the liquid aluminum forming the cathode. Anodes which consist of amorphous carbon in conventional processes are immersed in the melt. At the carbon anodes, the electrolytic decomposition of the aluminum oxide produces oxygen, which combines with the carbon of the anodes to form CO 2 and CO. The electrolysis takes place in a temperature range of approximately 940-970 ° C.
Die durch den Elektrolyseprozess verbrauchte elektrische Energie kann in zwei Hauptkategorien eingeteilt werden:
- - Produktions- oder Reduktionsenergie
- - Energieverluste
- - Production or reduction energy
- - energy losses
Der produktive Teil des Energieverbrauchs wird benötigt, um die Kationen zu metallischem Aluminium zu reduzieren. Dieser produktive Teil des Energieverbrauchs kann also nicht vermindert werden.The productive part of the energy consumption is needed to reduce the cations to metallic aluminum. This productive part of energy consumption cannot be reduced.
Die unproduktiven Energieverluste dagegen können in verschiedene Verluste aufgeteilt werden, die sich alle als Wärmeverluste an die Umgebung auswirken. Diese Wärmeverluste können kontrolliert werden und müssen auf ein Minimum gebracht werden.The unproductive energy losses, on the other hand, can be divided into various losses, all of which affect the environment as heat losses. These heat losses can be controlled and must be kept to a minimum.
Dies kann durch die Verwendung von optimal geeigneten Materialien für die Stromleiter erfolgen, mit welchen der Spannungsabfall und damit die Energieverluste im elektrischen Stromkreis auf ein Minimum reduziert werden können.This can be done by using optimally suitable materials for the current conductors, with which the voltage drop and thus the energy losses in the electrical circuit can be reduced to a minimum.
Die beim Elektrolyseprozess erzeugte Wärme fliesst immer zu kälteren Teilen der Wanne, von dort entweicht sie in die Umgebung und zieht so Energie vom Produktionsverfahren ab.The heat generated during the electrolysis process always flows to colder parts of the tub, from where it escapes into the environment and thus draws energy from the production process.
Um die Wärme nicht oder nur in geringem Masse durch die Wanne entweichen zu lassen, ist deshalb schon seit langer Zeit eine Wärmeisolationsschicht in die äussere Stahlwanne eingebettet worden. Ueblicherweise werden dabei Formkörper aus Diatomeenerde oder Molerstein verwendet. Neue Molersteine haben vorzügliche Isolationseigenschaften, sie sind jedoch gegenüber die Kohleauskleidung durchdringende Badkomponenten sehr empfindlich. Deshalb wird oft die innerste Schicht aus weniger empfindlichen, aber auch schlechter isolierenden Schamottesteinen hergestellt. Steine können leicht aufeinander gestapelt werden und derart können sowohl die Seitenwände als auch der horizontale Wannenboden problemlos isoliert werden.In order not to let the heat escape through the trough or only to a small extent, a thermal insulation layer has therefore been embedded in the outer steel trough for a long time. Shaped bodies made of diatomaceous earth or moler stone are usually used. New moler stones have excellent insulation properties, but they are very sensitive to bath components that penetrate the carbon lining. For this reason, the innermost layer is often made from less sensitive, but also poorly insulating refractory bricks. Stones can be easily stacked on top of each other and in this way both the side walls and the horizontal pan floor can be easily insulated.
Weiter ist vorgeschlagen worden, beispielsweise in den US-PS 4 001 104 und 4 052 288, anstelle von vorgeformten Steinen granulierte Isolationsmittel, wie z.B. Tonerde, einzusetzen. Granuliertes Material wird jedoch im allgemeinen nur für horizontale Schichten, d.h. die Isolation des Wannenbodens, eingesetzt. Für die Isolierung der Wannenseitenwände dagegen werden zweckmässig nach wie vor Isoliersteine aufeinander geschichtet.It has also been proposed, for example in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,001,104 and 4,052,288, that granular insulants such as e.g. Alumina. However, granulated material is generally only used for horizontal layers, i.e. the insulation of the tub floor. For the insulation of the tub side walls, however, insulating stones are still expediently stacked on top of one another.
Tonerde ist gegenüber die Kohleauskleidung durchdringende Badkomponenten inert, aber das Wärmeisolationsvermögen eines mit Tonerde ausgekleideten neuen Wannenbodens ist verhältnismässig gering.Alumina is inert to bath components penetrating the carbon lining, but the thermal insulation capacity of a new tub floor lined with alumina is relatively low.
Wenn eine Wanne ersetzt werden muss, wird die Auskleidung herausgebrochen und muss in den meisten Fällen verworfen werden. Beim Einsatz von Tonerde als Isolationsmittel ist es möglich, Aluminiumoxid aus der Bodenisolation zu rezyklieren, falls in der entsprechenden Hütte die notwendigen Einrichtungen vorhanden sind. Ganz allgemein kann gesagt werden, dass beim Einsatz von Tonerde als Bodenisolationsmittel einer Wanne solche Rezykliereinrichtungen ein wesentlicher Bestimmungsfaktor sind.When a tub needs to be replaced, the liner is broken out and in most cases must be discarded. When using alumina as an insulation agent, it is possible to recycle aluminum oxide from the floor insulation if the necessary facilities are available in the relevant hut. In general, it can be said that when using alumina as a floor insulation means of a tub, such recycling devices are an essential determining factor.
Der Einsatz von Molersteinen und Tonerde als Isolationsmittel stellt für eine Aluminiumhütte einen beträchtlichen Kostenfaktor dar, weil beide Materialien als teuer bezeichnet werden müssen. Weiter weisen Molersteine den Nachteil auf, dass sie ihre guten Eigenschaften in bezug auf die Wärmeisolation kontinuierlich verlieren, sobald sie von durch die Kohleauskleidung eindringende Badkomponenten imprägniert werden. So kann eine Elektrolysewanne vor Ablauf eines Drittels ihrer beispielsweise normalen Lebensdauer vonvfünf Jahren den grössten Teil ihres thermischen Isolationsvermögens verlieren. Mit andern Worten heisst dies, dass die Elektrolysezelle während zwei bis drei Jahren ohne wirksame Wärmeisolation läuft und so während langer Zeit beträchtliche Mengen von Energie in die Umgebung verpuffen.The use of moler stones and alumina as insulation is a considerable cost factor for an aluminum smelter because both materials have to be described as expensive. Moler stones also have the disadvantage that they lose their good properties with regard to thermal insulation continuously as soon as they are impregnated by bath components penetrating through the carbon lining. Thus v five years most of lose their example, the normal life of their thermal insulation properties an electrolysis bath before the expiry of one-third. In other words, this means that the electrolytic cell will run for two to three years without effective thermal insulation, and so it will dissipate considerable amounts of energy into the environment over a long period of time.
Die Erfinder haben sich die Aufgabe gestellt, eine Wärmeisolationsschicht für eine Elektrolysewanne zu schaffen, die über die gesamte Lebensdauer der Wanne gute Isolationseigenschaften aufweist, aber mit wesentlich geringerem Investitionsaufwand als die bisherigen Ausführungsformen hergestellt werden kann.The inventors have set themselves the task of creating a thermal insulation layer for an electrolysis bath, which has good insulation properties over the entire life of the bath has shafts, but can be produced with significantly less investment than the previous embodiments.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass mindestens die unteren 80% der Bodenisolation aus einer mit mechanischen Mitteln verfestigten Vulkanascheschicht, die restliche Bodenisolation aus einer Leckbarriere, welche die Vulkanasche gegen die Kohleauskleidung durchdringende Badkomponenten abschirmt, besteht.The object is achieved according to the invention in that at least the lower 80% of the floor insulation consists of a volcanic ash layer solidified by mechanical means, the remaining floor insulation consists of a leak barrier which shields the volcanic ash from bath components penetrating the coal lining.
Vulkanasche ist in zahlreichen Ländern als natürlicher Rohstoff in reichlichem Ausmass vorhanden und kann mit geringem Aufwand gewonnen werden. Die als grobes Granulat, mit einer natürlichen mittleren Korngrösse von 5 - 30 mm anfallende Vulkanasche ist leicht und porös. Sie weist in der Regel auch die notwendige mechanische Festigkeit auf. Als besonders günstig hat sich die schwarze isländische Vulkanasche erwiesen, welche unverändert als Bodenisolation in die Wanne geschüttet und durch Stampfen und/oder Vibrieren mechanisch verdichtet werden kann.Volcanic ash is available in abundance as a natural raw material in numerous countries and can be obtained with little effort. The volcanic ash obtained as coarse granulate with a natural average grain size of 5 - 30 mm is light and porous. As a rule, it also has the necessary mechanical strength. The black Icelandic volcanic ash has proven to be particularly cheap, as it can be poured into the tub as floor insulation and mechanically compacted by pounding and / or vibrating.
Der Einsatz von Vulkanasche für die seitliche Isolation der Wanne wäre wohl möglich aber weniger günstig, weil
- - zwischen die seitliche Stahlwand und die Kohle eingestampfte Vulkanasche eine zu grosse Porosität aufweist oder
- - mit Hilfe eines Bindemittels geformte Steine aus Vulkanasche einen wesentlichen Teil ihres Isolationsvermögens verlieren.
- - between the side steel wall and the coal stamped volcanic ash has too great a porosity or
- - With the help of a binder, stones made from volcanic ash lose a substantial part of their insulating ability.
Wegen deren gutem Isolationsvermögen wird die Vulkanascheschicht möglichst dick ausgebildet, so dass die verbleibende Leckbarriere noch für ein optimales Wannenlebensalter hinreichend dick ausgebildet werden kann. Bevorzugt bestehen deshalb mindestens die unteren 90% der Bodenisolation aus Vulkanasche.Because of their good insulation properties, the volcanic ash layer is made as thick as possible, so that the remaining leak barrier can still be made sufficiently thick for an optimal age of the tub. Therefore, at least the lower 90% of the floor insulation preferably consists of volcanic ash.
Auf die verdichtete Isolationsschicht aus Vulkanasche wird vorzugsweise pulverförmige Tonerde geschüttet, die auch für den Elektrolyseprozess zur Herstellung von Aluminium eingesetzt wird. Die vorhergehende Verdichtung der Vulkanasche verhindert, dass Tonerde in grösserem Massstab einsickern und so die Isolationseigenschaften der Vulkanasche vermindern kann.Powdered alumina, which is also used for the electrolysis process for the production of aluminum, is preferably poured onto the compressed insulation layer made of volcanic ash. The previous compression of the volcanic ash prevents alumina from seeping in on a larger scale and thus reducing the insulating properties of the volcanic ash.
Eine dünn ausgebildete, ca. 3 - 6 cm dicke Tonerdeschicht ist für die Funktion als Leckbarriere hinreichend.A thinly formed, approx. 3 - 6 cm thick alumina layer is sufficient for the function as a leak barrier.
Zur weiteren Verbesserung der Leckbarriere kann zwischen Vulkanasche und Tonerde eine undurchlässige flexible Graphitmembran, welche mit einer dünnen Stahlfolie verbunden ist, eingelegt werden (vgl. TMS Paper No. LM 78-19 bzw. DE-OS 28 17 202).To further improve the leak barrier, an impermeable flexible graphite membrane, which is connected with a thin steel foil, can be inserted between volcanic ash and alumina (cf. TMS Paper No. LM 78-19 or DE-OS 28 17 202).
Die erfindungsgemässe Ausgestaltung des Wannenbodens hat folgende Vorteile:
- - Vulkanische Asche hat ungefähr die gleichen thermischen Eigenschaften wie Molersteine, deshalb haben grösstenteils mit vulkanischer Asche ausgekleidete Wannenböden ein genügend grosses thermisches Isolationsvermögen.
- - Vulkanische Asche ist ein äusserst billiges Naturprodukt, das in vielen Ländern der Welt ohne grossen Aufwand direkt abgebaut und nach dem Transport ohne weiteren Verarbeitungsaufwand in Wannen eingefüllt und mechanisch verdichtet werden kann. Der nachfolgende Kostenvergleich zeigt die enorm hohen Kosteneinsparungen beim Einsatz von Vulkanasche (ohne Transportkosten):
- - Die Verwendung einer dicken Schicht Vulkanasche und einer dünnen Leckbarriere, die vorzugsweise aus Tonerde besteht, erhöht die Lebensdauer der Wannenbodenisolation beträchtlich, wodurch Energie eingespart werden kann. Dies drückt sich-insbesondere dadurch aus, dass die Energieverluste von alten Wannen praktisch denjenigen von neuen entsprechen:
- - Volcanic ash has roughly the same thermal properties as moler stones, which is why the majority of the tub floors lined with volcanic ash have a sufficiently large thermal insulation capacity.
- - Volcanic ash is an extremely inexpensive natural product that can be broken down directly in many countries around the world without great effort and can be filled into trays and mechanically compacted after transportation without any further processing. The following cost comparison shows the enormously high cost savings when using volcanic ash (without transport costs):
- - The use of a thick layer of volcanic ash and a thin leak barrier, which is preferably made of alumina, increases the lifespan of the tub floor insulation considerably, which can save energy. This is expressed in particular by the fact that the energy losses from old tubs practically correspond to those of new ones:
Die oben stehenden Tabellen zeigen, dass der Einsatz von Vulkanasche mit einer daraufliegenden Aluminiumoxidschicht bei äusserst kostengünstiger Herstellung zu sehr gut thermisch isolierten Wannenböden führt, die auch bei fortgeschrittenem Alter ihre vorteilhaften Eigenschaften nicht verlieren.The tables above show that the use of volcanic ash with an aluminum oxide layer on top of it, with extremely cost-effective production, leads to very well thermally insulated bath bottoms, which do not lose their advantageous properties even with advanced age.
Die einzige Figur zeigt einen schematischen vertikalen Teilschnitt durch eine Elektrolysewanne, wie sie zur Herstellung von Aluminium mittels Schmelzflusselektrolyse benutzt wird.The single figure shows a schematic vertical partial section through an electrolysis trough, as is used for the production of aluminum by means of melt flow electrolysis.
In eine Stahlwanne 10 ist eine Schicht von mechanisch verdichteter vulkanischer Asche 12 eingefüllt. Auf diese ca. 25 cm hohe Ascheschicht werden ca. 5 cm Tonerde 14 aufgeschüttet. Die Seitenwand der Stahlwanne 10 wird mit Moler-oder Schamottesteinen 16 isoliert. Schliesslich wird die Kohleauskleidung 18, welche nicht dargestellte Kathodenbarren enthalten kann, eingesetzt.A layer of mechanically compressed
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT82810159T ATE12263T1 (en) | 1981-04-22 | 1982-04-14 | ELECTROLYTIC TANK. |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH2626/81 | 1981-04-22 | ||
| CH2626/81A CH653711A5 (en) | 1981-04-22 | 1981-04-22 | ELECTROLYSIS PAN. |
| DE3116273A DE3116273C2 (en) | 1981-04-22 | 1981-04-24 | Electrolysis tank |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0063547A1 true EP0063547A1 (en) | 1982-10-27 |
| EP0063547B1 EP0063547B1 (en) | 1985-03-20 |
Family
ID=25690974
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP82810159A Expired EP0063547B1 (en) | 1981-04-22 | 1982-04-14 | Electrolysis vat |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4430187A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0063547B1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU8286082A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1190516A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH653711A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3116273C2 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA822643B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0142459A1 (en) * | 1983-08-25 | 1985-05-22 | Schweizerische Aluminium Ag | Electrolysis vat |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO150007C (en) * | 1982-03-05 | 1984-08-01 | Sintef | RANGE LAYOUT FOR ALUMINUM ELECTRIC OVENERS. |
| FR2546183B1 (en) * | 1983-05-16 | 1985-07-05 | Pechiney Aluminium | SUB-CATHODIC SCREEN COMPRISING DEFORMABLE AREAS, FOR HALL-HEROULT ELECTROLYSIS TANKS |
| GB8316058D0 (en) * | 1983-06-13 | 1983-07-20 | Alcan Int Ltd | Aluminium electrolytic reduction cell linings |
| DE3327230A1 (en) * | 1983-07-28 | 1985-02-07 | Sigri Elektrographit Gmbh, 8901 Meitingen | LINING FOR ELECTROLYSIS PAN FOR PRODUCING ALUMINUM |
| EP0193491A1 (en) * | 1985-02-15 | 1986-09-03 | Schweizerische Aluminium Ag | Electrolytic cell |
| EP0197003A1 (en) * | 1985-03-22 | 1986-10-08 | Schweizerische Aluminium Ag | Electrolysis vat for the production of aluminium |
| US4822388A (en) * | 1987-02-27 | 1989-04-18 | Gee Kenneth H | Method of operating mineral wool cupolas and using spent electrolytic aluminum pot lining |
| DE4201490A1 (en) * | 1992-01-21 | 1993-07-22 | Otto Feuerfest Gmbh | FIRE-RESISTANT MATERIAL FOR ELECTROLYSIS OVENS, METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION AND USE OF THE FIRE-RESISTANT MATERIAL |
| CN101838821A (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2010-09-22 | 王国斌 | Novel lining of aluminum electrolysis cell |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3723286A (en) * | 1971-11-08 | 1973-03-27 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Aluminum reduction cell |
| FR2338336A1 (en) * | 1976-01-13 | 1977-08-12 | Pechiney Aluminium | NEW PROCESS FOR BRAZING TANKS FOR IGNEE ELECTROLYSIS |
| FR2388901A1 (en) * | 1977-04-25 | 1978-11-24 | Union Carbide Corp | LINING OF THE BOTTOM OF THE OUTER STEEL SHELL OF AN ELECTROLYTIC ORE REDUCTION TANK |
| US4160715A (en) * | 1978-06-28 | 1979-07-10 | Aluminum Company Of America | Electrolytic furnace lining |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3428545A (en) | 1962-10-22 | 1969-02-18 | Arthur F Johnson | Carbon furnace electrode assembly |
| US3434958A (en) | 1967-01-04 | 1969-03-25 | Arthur F Johnson | Electrolytic cell bottom construction |
| DE2105247C3 (en) | 1971-02-04 | 1980-06-12 | Schweizerische Aluminium Ag, Zuerich (Schweiz) | Furnace for the fused aluminum electrolysis |
-
1981
- 1981-04-22 CH CH2626/81A patent/CH653711A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-04-24 DE DE3116273A patent/DE3116273C2/en not_active Expired
-
1982
- 1982-04-14 EP EP82810159A patent/EP0063547B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-04-15 US US06/368,723 patent/US4430187A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1982-04-19 ZA ZA822643A patent/ZA822643B/en unknown
- 1982-04-20 AU AU82860/82A patent/AU8286082A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1982-04-21 CA CA000401347A patent/CA1190516A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3723286A (en) * | 1971-11-08 | 1973-03-27 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Aluminum reduction cell |
| FR2338336A1 (en) * | 1976-01-13 | 1977-08-12 | Pechiney Aluminium | NEW PROCESS FOR BRAZING TANKS FOR IGNEE ELECTROLYSIS |
| FR2388901A1 (en) * | 1977-04-25 | 1978-11-24 | Union Carbide Corp | LINING OF THE BOTTOM OF THE OUTER STEEL SHELL OF AN ELECTROLYTIC ORE REDUCTION TANK |
| US4160715A (en) * | 1978-06-28 | 1979-07-10 | Aluminum Company Of America | Electrolytic furnace lining |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0142459A1 (en) * | 1983-08-25 | 1985-05-22 | Schweizerische Aluminium Ag | Electrolysis vat |
| CH657629A5 (en) * | 1983-08-25 | 1986-09-15 | Alusuisse | ELECTROLYSIS PAN. |
| AU573604B2 (en) * | 1983-08-25 | 1988-06-16 | Swiss Aluminium Ltd. | Reduction pot for producing aluminium |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3116273A1 (en) | 1982-11-18 |
| DE3116273C2 (en) | 1983-03-03 |
| AU8286082A (en) | 1982-10-28 |
| CA1190516A (en) | 1985-07-16 |
| EP0063547B1 (en) | 1985-03-20 |
| ZA822643B (en) | 1983-03-30 |
| US4430187A (en) | 1984-02-07 |
| CH653711A5 (en) | 1986-01-15 |
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