EP0063345B1 - Driving mechanism for rotatably operating boring machines - Google Patents

Driving mechanism for rotatably operating boring machines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0063345B1
EP0063345B1 EP82103085A EP82103085A EP0063345B1 EP 0063345 B1 EP0063345 B1 EP 0063345B1 EP 82103085 A EP82103085 A EP 82103085A EP 82103085 A EP82103085 A EP 82103085A EP 0063345 B1 EP0063345 B1 EP 0063345B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
drill head
converter
head drive
motor
drive
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EP82103085A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0063345A3 (en
EP0063345A2 (en
Inventor
Rudolf Speelmans
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Mhwirth GmbH
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Wirth Maschinen und Bohrgeraete Fabrik GmbH
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Priority to AT82103085T priority Critical patent/ATE20118T1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/1086—Drives or transmissions specially adapted therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical working device for the drill head or a similar part of a boring machine for tunnels, lines or the like which carries out a rotating working movement, in particular a tunnel boring machine, the speed of the electrical drill head drive (one motor or in particular several mechanically for Parallel operation of coupled electric motors) is continuously adjustable.
  • Infinitely variable drives for tunnel boring machines or the like are desired or required in order to u. a. to enable an optimal adaptation to the mountain characteristics as well as a gentle, low-vibration drilling operation.
  • this requirement could practically only be met by a hydrostatic drive.
  • Infinitely variable hydrostatic drives require a lot of space for the drive units and have a low overall efficiency. Pole-changing three-phase motors are robust, but only allow a few speeds to be set in stages, so that continuous control is not possible.
  • a propulsion device in which direct current motors, in particular direct current shunt motors with a speed that can be adjusted by changing the excitation voltage, are provided as the drive for a rotating extraction or clearing tool, the change in excitation voltage being caused by a can be connected to a three-phase converter.
  • Static inverters for operating induction machines are known from the article 'ce converter with a DC link for industrial drives in BBC News 1978, No. 11, pp. 485 to 495. In such and similar facilities, their parts are housed in upright and special space for their installation cabinets. It is in the known applications of such converters consistently to stationary operating equipment or industrial drives, such as. B. for mills, mixers, assembly lines, pumps, machine tools, etc. It has so far not seemed possible to use converters directly under portable external units even under difficult external conditions. This applies in particular to tunnel boring machines or the like, which work for themselves in narrow cross-sections of the route that they have driven themselves, thus far from rooms in which supply facilities of the usual type can be accommodated.
  • the object of the invention is to take into account disadvantages, inadequacies and difficulties, such as exist in known steplessly adjustable drives for tunnel boring machines or the like, so in hydrostatic drives or drives with direct current motors, and to create an electric rotary drive for tunneling machines that can can be accommodated well under the limited space and is characterized by favorable operating characteristics.
  • the invention also strives for an advantageous design of such a drive in detail. Further problems associated with the overall task, with which the invention is concerned, result from the respective explanation of the solution shown.
  • the converter that in particular sprits protected against water and dust is a so-called intermediate circuit converter with impressed current. This is a mature and reliable technology. In such a converter, a DC voltage is converted into an AC voltage of the desired frequency and level.
  • the heat exchanger enables effective cooling to be achieved despite the complete encapsulation of one or the other unit.
  • air that is circulated within the unit is cooled by the colder water.
  • the water can flow in a closed circuit and be cooled in the process. If water is available at the place of use, it can also be sucked in and drained again after passing through the heat exchanger.
  • the drill head drive or the motors of the same can be provided with direct-acting water cooling if self-cooling at low speeds is not sufficient.
  • the switchability of the drill head drive from converter operation to direct mains operation and vice versa a malfunction, e.g. B. in control electronics or converter components, the operation of the machine can be maintained in that the motors are supplied directly from the network.
  • the motors of the drill head drive are designed as pole-changing three-phase squirrel-cage motors, as provided in particular by the invention, then it is even possible to work with different speeds, which increases the availability of the system.
  • the drill head drive has several motors, as is expedient, these motors working in parallel are preferably supplied by a common converter in busbar supply.
  • the motors can be mechanically coupled to one another in the usual way. This results in a problem-free load distribution between the drives.
  • the tunnel boring machine 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a machine body 2, also called an inner kelly, at the front end of which a drill head 3 equipped with cutting rollers 4 or the like is rotatably mounted.
  • a machine body 2 also called an inner kelly
  • This is operated by four three-phase asynchronous motors 5 working in parallel, in particular pole-changing motors, via a mechanical gear 6 and a shaft extending from it and running inside the machine internal body 2, which is indicated in FIG. 2 by the number 7 , driven.
  • the motors 5 are equipped with direct-acting water cooling.
  • the cooling circuits are indicated schematically at number 25.
  • the tunnel boring machine 1 also contains a bracing device 8, also called an outer cell, which has two groups of four clamping slides 9 which can be pressed against the wall of the opened tunnel.
  • a bracing device 8 also called an outer cell, which has two groups of four clamping slides 9 which can be pressed against the wall of the opened tunnel.
  • other parts of the tunnel boring machine which are not explained in more detail here, can also be designed in the usual way.
  • Coupled trailer 11 has a control station 12 and to this subsequently the parts and units shown in FIG. 2 for feeding the drive motors 5, as will be explained below.
  • a high-voltage supply or medium-voltage supply is useful, for. B. with 6 kV, 50 Hz.
  • This energy can be supplied from a station, not shown, via a cable that can be wound on a drum to a supply transformer, which is expediently designed as a three-phase dry transformer and z.
  • B. is designed for a type of 500 kVA, the low voltage, which is encapsulated via a supply cable 13, for. B. in protection class IP 54 or IP 65 three-phase control cabinet 14 is supplied, for. B. 500 V or 380 V.
  • a circuit breaker 15 is provided in the entrance of the control cabinet 14 for the entire subsequent part of the system.
  • a cable 16 leads to a control cabinet 17, which is also adapted in shape and degree of protection to the room and environmental conditions of tunnel construction, in particular is splash-proof and dustproof (e.g. IP 65), and the contains a converter and electronic control devices for supplying and controlling the drive motors 5.
  • the control cabinet 17 is equipped with a heat exchanger in the form of a water / air cooler 18.
  • the water is constantly cooled or taken from the environment as cold fresh water and in turn cools the air as it flows through a coil system 19, which air is circulated inside the control cabinet 17 by a fan or the like.
  • An intermediate circuit choke 20 provided for the conversion operation is set up as a separate unit in front of the control cabinet 17 and connected to it by a cable. It is advantageously designed as a cast resin throttle. Their heat is dissipated by convection.
  • the mode of operation of the converter for infinitely variable speed adjustment of the three-phase motors is based on the principle of converting a direct voltage into an alternating voltage of the desired frequency and height.
  • the DC voltage is in turn generated in the converter of the cabinet 17 from the AC voltage supplied by the control cabinet 14.
  • the converter works as a DC link converter with impressed current.
  • a switch panel 21 is provided in the control cabinet 17, from which cables 22 lead to the drive motors 5, which are supplied according to the principle of the busbar supply.
  • a cable 23 is also inserted into the control panel 21, which is led directly from a second output of the three-phase control cabinet 14.
  • the devices provided in the control panel 21 are designed so that the drive motors 5 can be fed either by the converter in the control cabinet 17 or directly from the three-phase network from the control cabinet 14 by a switching process.
  • the four drive motors 5 can be run up smoothly together with the command "start” to a speed set on a setpoint adjuster (not shown). At this setpoint, the drive speed is continuously from z. B. 1500 rpm to 150 rpm adjustable.
  • the maximum torque of the drill head 3 is limited by a current limitation in the converter. When this torque is reached, an acoustic and / or optical signal can be given by a device that is not reproduced. After this torque has been exceeded, the drive can be stopped automatically. After canceling the feed of the machine and acknowledging the signal, the drill head can be started again:
  • the second possible mode of operation of the device results when the changeover switches provided in the control panel 21 are switched to "mains operation".
  • the motors 5 are then supplied directly from the three-phase part in the control cabinet 14, in which the contactors required for this network operation are also located.
  • the drive motors 5 can then be switched on one after the other. If the advantageous design involves pole-changing motors, the desired speed can be preselected on a selector switch 24 on the control cabinet 14.
  • the operating torque is displayed on an instrument.
  • This switchover option can in principle be useful and is particularly advantageous if a fault occurs in the converter part 17.
  • the operator of the machine is then immediately able to switch the supply of the drive motors 5 to mains operation by actuating the changeover switch in the control panel 21. No electrical intervention is required. The machine is immediately ready for use again.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Control Of Multiple Motors (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

1. An electric drive device for the drill head or a similar part, describing a rotating working movement, of a heading machine for tunnels, galleries or the like, namely a tunnel drilling machine, the rotational speed of the electrical drill head drive (a motor or, in particular, a plurality of electric motors mechanically coupled to the parallel operation) being continuously adjustable, characterized by the following features : the drill head drive comprises at least one three-phase asynchronous motor (5), in order to supply the motor (5) a converter is provided which is associated with the heading machine (1) and has a regulating device and by means of which the drill head drive is to be supplied with current of a variable frequency, the converter is constructed with a highly protective system in accordance with the conditions of use, an intermediate circuit choke (20) provided for the converting operation is spatially separated per se from a switch cabinet (17) containing the converter, a heat exchanger (18) constructed as a water/air cooler is provided for drawing heat away from at least part of the device, a change-over device (21) is provided, by means of which the drill head drive (5) can be changed over from converter operation to direct mains supply and vice versa.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine elektrische Arbeitseinrichtung für den Bohrkopf oder einen ähnlichen, eine drehende Arbeitsbewegung ausführenden Teil einer Vortriebsmaschine für Tunnel, Strecken od. dgl., namentlich Tunnelbohrmaschine, wobei die Drehzahl des elektrischen Bohrkopf-Antriebs (ein Motor oder insbesondere mehrere mechanisch zum Parallelbetrieb gekuppelte Elektromotoren) stufenlos einstellbar ist.The invention relates to an electrical working device for the drill head or a similar part of a boring machine for tunnels, lines or the like which carries out a rotating working movement, in particular a tunnel boring machine, the speed of the electrical drill head drive (one motor or in particular several mechanically for Parallel operation of coupled electric motors) is continuously adjustable.

In ihrer Drehzahl stufenlos regulierbare Antriebe für Tunnelbohrmaschinen od. dgl. sind erwünscht oder erforderlich, um u. a. eine optimale Anpassung an die Gebirgseigenschaften sowie einen schonenden, vibrationsarmen Bohrbetrieb zu ermöglichen. Diese Forderung konnte bisher praktisch nur durch einen hydrostatischen Antrieb verwirklicht werden. Stufenlos regelbare hydrostatische Antriebe benötigen viel Platz für die Antriebsaggregate und haben einen niedrigen Gesamtwirkungsgrad. Polumschaltbare Drehstrommotoren sind zwar robust, gestatten aber nur die Einstellung weniger Drehzahlen in Stufen, so daß eine kontinuierliche Regelung nicht möglich ist.Infinitely variable drives for tunnel boring machines or the like are desired or required in order to u. a. to enable an optimal adaptation to the mountain characteristics as well as a gentle, low-vibration drilling operation. Up to now, this requirement could practically only be met by a hydrostatic drive. Infinitely variable hydrostatic drives require a lot of space for the drive units and have a low overall efficiency. Pole-changing three-phase motors are robust, but only allow a few speeds to be set in stages, so that continuous control is not possible.

Aus der DE-Ä-2 746 072 ist eine Vortriebseinrichtung bekannt, bei der als Antrieb für ein rotierendes Gewinnungs- bzw. Abräumwerkzeug Gleichstrommotoren, insbesondere Gleichstrom-Nebenschlußmotoren mit durch Änderung der Erregerspannung einstellbarer Drehzahl, vorgesehen sind, wobei die Änderung der Erregerspannung durch einen an eine Drehstromeinspeistung angeschlossenen Stromrichter erfolgen kann.From DE-Ä-2 746 072 a propulsion device is known in which direct current motors, in particular direct current shunt motors with a speed that can be adjusted by changing the excitation voltage, are provided as the drive for a rotating extraction or clearing tool, the change in excitation voltage being caused by a can be connected to a three-phase converter.

Dem Einsatz von Gleichstrommotoren als Kollektormotoren stehen bei Tunnelbohrmaschinen u. dgl. erhebliche Schwierigkeiten entgegen, so z. B. deren Baugröße und die Empfindlichkeit gegen Staub.The use of DC motors as collector motors in tunnel boring machines and. Like. Considerable difficulties, such. B. their size and sensitivity to dust.

Aus dem Artikel 'ce Umrichter mit Gleichstrom-Zwischenkreis für industrielle Antriebe in den BBC-Nachrichten 1978, Nr. 11, S. 485 bis 495, sind statische Umrichter zum Betrieb von Drehfeldmaschinen bekannt. Bei solchen und ähnlichen Einrichtungen sind deren Teile in aufrechtstehenden und besonderen Platz für ihre Aufstellung erfordernden Schränken untergebracht. Es handelt sich bei den bekannten Einsatzfällen solcher Umrichter durchweg um stationäre Betriebseinrichtungen oder industrielle Antriebe, wie z. B. für Mühlen, Mischer, Fließbänder, Pumpen, Werkzeugmaschinen usw. Es erschien bisher nicht möglich, Umrichter auch unter schwierigen äußeren Bedingungen unmittelbar bei ortsbeweglichen Aggregaten zu verwenden. Dies gilt besonders für Tunnelbohrmaschinen od. dgl., die für sich in engen, von ihnen selbst aufgefahrenen Streckenquerschnitten arbeiten, somit weit entfernt von Räumlichkeiten, in denen Versorgungseinrichtungen üblicher Art untergebracht werden können.Static inverters for operating induction machines are known from the article 'ce converter with a DC link for industrial drives in BBC News 1978, No. 11, pp. 485 to 495. In such and similar facilities, their parts are housed in upright and special space for their installation cabinets. It is in the known applications of such converters consistently to stationary operating equipment or industrial drives, such as. B. for mills, mixers, assembly lines, pumps, machine tools, etc. It has so far not seemed possible to use converters directly under portable external units even under difficult external conditions. This applies in particular to tunnel boring machines or the like, which work for themselves in narrow cross-sections of the route that they have driven themselves, thus far from rooms in which supply facilities of the usual type can be accommodated.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, Nachteilen, Unzulänglichkeiten und Schwierigkeiten, wie sie bei bekannten stufenlos einstellbaren Antrieben für Tunnelbohrmaschinen od. dgl. bestehen, so bei hydrostatischen Antrieben oder Antrieben mit Gleichstrommotoren, Rechnung zu tragen und einen elektrischen Drehantrieb für Vortriebsmaschinen zu schaffen, der sich unter den be- .schränkten Platzverhältnissen gut unterbringen läßt und sich durch günstige Betriebseigenschaften auszeichnet. Dabei strebt die Erfindung auch eine vorteilhafte Ausbildung eines solchen Antriebs im einzelnen an. Mit der Gesamtaufgabe zusammenhängende weitere Probleme,' mit denen sich die Erfindung befaßt, ergeben sich aus der jeweiligen Erläuterung der aufgezeigten Lösung.The object of the invention is to take into account disadvantages, inadequacies and difficulties, such as exist in known steplessly adjustable drives for tunnel boring machines or the like, so in hydrostatic drives or drives with direct current motors, and to create an electric rotary drive for tunneling machines that can can be accommodated well under the limited space and is characterized by favorable operating characteristics. The invention also strives for an advantageous design of such a drive in detail. Further problems associated with the overall task, with which the invention is concerned, result from the respective explanation of the solution shown.

Gemäß der Erfindung kennzeichnet sich die Antriebseinrichtung durch folgende Merkmale :

  • der Bohrkopf-Antrieb enthält wenigstens einen Drehstrom-Asynchron-Motor,
  • zur Versorgung des Motors ist ein der Vortriebsmaschine zugeordneter Umrichter mit Regeleinrichtung vorgesehen, mittels dessen der Bohrkopf-Antrieb mit Strom von veränderbarer Frequenz zu speisen ist,
  • der Umrichter ist in einer den Einsatzbedingungen entsprechenden hohen Schutzart ausgeführt,
  • eine für den Umrichtebetrieb vorgesehene Zwischenkreisdrossel ist räumlich für sich getrennt von einem den Umrichter enthaltenden Schaltschrank angeordnet,
  • zur Abfuhr von Wärme von wenigstens einem Teil der Einrichtung ist ein als Wasser/Luft-Kühler ausgebildeter Wärmetauscher vorgesehen,
  • es ist eine Umschalteinrichtung vorgesehen, mittels derer der Bohrkopf-Antrieb von Umrichterbetrieb auf unmittelbaren Netzbetrieb und umgekehrt schaltbar ist.
According to the invention, the drive device is characterized by the following features:
  • the drill head drive contains at least one three-phase asynchronous motor,
  • To supply the motor, a converter with a control device is assigned to the tunneling machine, by means of which the drill head drive can be fed with current of variable frequency.
  • the converter is designed with a high degree of protection corresponding to the operating conditions,
  • an intermediate circuit choke provided for the converter operation is spatially separated from a switch cabinet containing the converter,
  • A heat exchanger designed as a water / air cooler is provided for removing heat from at least part of the device,
  • a switchover device is provided, by means of which the drill head drive can be switched from converter operation to direct mains operation and vice versa.

Damit ist eine sehr günstige Lösung für den . stufenlosen Antrieb bei einer Vortriebsmaschine gefunden. Unter Verwendung robuster, verschlei- ßfreier und wartungsarmer Motoren ist ein betriebssicherer und wirtschaftlicher Antrieb geschaffen. Wegen des guten Gesamtwirkungsgrades ist die zur Verfügung zu stellende Versorgungsleistung geringer als in anderen Fällen. Im Vergleich zu dem System bei einem hydrostatischen Antrieb werden stoßfreie Anlaufvorgänge ermöglicht, und es wird weniger Platz für die Versorgungseinheit benötigt. Das gesamte Aggregat ist sauber, so daß auch keine nachteiligen Umweltbeeinflussungen auftreten, wie sonst etwa durch Leckage usw. Gegenüber den bei einem hydraulischen System benötigten Schlauchleitungen mit hoher Literleistung ergibt sich bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Antrieb eine wesentlich einfachere Montage der flexiblen Motorleistungskabel. Auch der Geräuschpegel kann im Vergleich zu den von hochtourigen Motoren angetriebenen Pumpen bei hydrostatischen Systemen niedriger gehalten werden.This is a very affordable solution for the. stepless drive found in a tunneling machine. A reliable and economical drive is created using robust, wear-free and low-maintenance motors. Because of the good overall efficiency, the supply performance to be made available is lower than in other cases. Compared to the system with a hydrostatic drive, bumpless start-ups are possible and less space is required for the supply unit. The entire unit is clean, so that no adverse environmental effects occur, such as otherwise due to leakage, etc. Compared to the hose lines required in a hydraulic system with a high liter capacity, the drive according to the invention results in a considerably simpler assembly of the flexible motor power cables. The noise level can also be kept lower in hydrostatic systems compared to the pumps driven by high-speed motors.

Der Umnrichter, der insbesondere spritzwassergeschützt und staubdicht ausgeführt wird (z. B. Schutzart IP 65) ist vorteilhaft ein sog. Zwischenkreis- Umrichter mit eingeprägtem Strom. Hierbei handelt es sich um eine ausgereifte und betriebssichere Technik. In einem solchen Umrichter wird eine Gleichspannung in eine Wechselspannung von gewünschter Frequenz und Höhe umgeformt.The converter that in particular sprits protected against water and dust (e.g. protection class IP 65) is a so-called intermediate circuit converter with impressed current. This is a mature and reliable technology. In such a converter, a DC voltage is converted into an AC voltage of the desired frequency and level.

Durch den Wärmetauscher läßt sich trotz vollständiger Kapselung des einen oder anderen Aggregats eine wirsame Kühlung erzielen. In der Ausführung als Wasser/Luft-Kühler wird Luft, die innerhalb des Aggregats umgewälzt wird, durch das kältere Wasser abgekühlt. Das Wasser kann in einem geschlossenen Kreislauf fließen und dabei gekühlt werden. Falls am Einsatzort Wasser zur Verfügung steht, kann solches auch angesaugt und nach dem Durchgang durch den Wärmetauscher wieder abgelassen werden.The heat exchanger enables effective cooling to be achieved despite the complete encapsulation of one or the other unit. In the water / air cooler version, air that is circulated within the unit is cooled by the colder water. The water can flow in a closed circuit and be cooled in the process. If water is available at the place of use, it can also be sucked in and drained again after passing through the heat exchanger.

Der Bohrkopf-Antrieb bzw. die Motoren desselben können mit einer direktwirkenden Wasserkühlung versehen sein, wenn eine Selbstkühlung bei kleinen Drehzahlen nicht ausreicht.The drill head drive or the motors of the same can be provided with direct-acting water cooling if self-cooling at low speeds is not sufficient.

Dank der Umschaltbarkeit des Bohrkopf-Antriebs vom Umrichterbetrieb auf unmittelbaren Netzbetrieb und umgekehrt kann beim Auftreten einer Störung, z. B. in der Regelelektronik oder an Umrichterbauteilen, der Betrieb der Maschine dadurch aufrechterhalten werden, daß die Motoren unmittelbar vom Netz her versorgt werden. Wenn die Motoren des Bohrkopf-Antriebs als polumschaltbare Drehstrom-Kurzschlußläufermotoren ausgebildet sind, wie es die Erfindung insbesondere vorsieht, kann dann sogar noch mit verschiedenen Drehzahlen gearbeitet werden, wodurch sich die Verfügbarkeit der Anlage erhöht.Thanks to the switchability of the drill head drive from converter operation to direct mains operation and vice versa, a malfunction, e.g. B. in control electronics or converter components, the operation of the machine can be maintained in that the motors are supplied directly from the network. If the motors of the drill head drive are designed as pole-changing three-phase squirrel-cage motors, as provided in particular by the invention, then it is even possible to work with different speeds, which increases the availability of the system.

Weist der Bohrkopf-Antrieb mehrere Motoren auf, wie es zweckmäßig ist, so werden diese parallel arbeitenden Motoren vorzugsweise von einem gemeinsamen Umrichter in Sammelschienenspeisung versorgt. Die Motoren können in üblicher Weise mechanisch untereinander gekuppelt sein. Es ergibt sich dabei eine problemlose Lastverteilung der Antriebe untereinander. Es fällt jedoch auch in den Rahmen der Erfindung, bei mehreren Motoren jeden derselben einzeln zu versorgen.If the drill head drive has several motors, as is expedient, these motors working in parallel are preferably supplied by a common converter in busbar supply. The motors can be mechanically coupled to one another in the usual way. This results in a problem-free load distribution between the drives. However, it also falls within the scope of the invention to supply each of them individually with a plurality of motors.

Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachstehenden Erläuterung eines Ausführungsbeispieles, aus der zugehörigen Zeichnung und aus den Ansprüchen. Es zeigen :

  • Figur 1 eine Tunnelbohrmaschine mit elektrischem Bohrkopf-Antrieb und
  • Figur 2 eine Einrichtung zur Versorgung der Motoren der Tunnelbohrmaschine nach Fig. 1.
Further details and advantages of the invention result from the following explanation of an exemplary embodiment, from the associated drawing and from the claims. Show it :
  • Figure 1 is a tunnel boring machine with an electric drill head drive
  • FIG. 2 shows a device for supplying the motors of the tunnel boring machine according to FIG. 1.

Die in Fig. 1 gezeigte Tunnelbohrmaschine 1 weist einen Maschinenkörper 2 auf, auch Innenkelly genannt, an dessen vorderem Ende ein mit Schneidrollen 4 od. dgl. bestückter Bohrkopf 3 drehbar gelagert ist. Dieser wird von vier parallel arbeitenden Drehstrom-Asynchron-Motoren 5, insbesondere polumschaltbaren Motoren, über ein mechanisches Getriebe 6 und eine von diesem ausgehende, im Inneren des Maschi- .nenkörpers 2 verlaufende Welle, die in Fig. 2 bei der Ziffer 7 angedeutet ist, angetrieben. Die Motoren 5 sind mit einer direktwirkenden Wasserkühlung ausgestattet. In Fig. 2 sind die Kühlkreisläufe schematisch bei der Ziffer 25 angedeutet.The tunnel boring machine 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a machine body 2, also called an inner kelly, at the front end of which a drill head 3 equipped with cutting rollers 4 or the like is rotatably mounted. This is operated by four three-phase asynchronous motors 5 working in parallel, in particular pole-changing motors, via a mechanical gear 6 and a shaft extending from it and running inside the machine internal body 2, which is indicated in FIG. 2 by the number 7 , driven. The motors 5 are equipped with direct-acting water cooling. In Fig. 2, the cooling circuits are indicated schematically at number 25.

Die Tunnelbohrmaschine 1 enthält außerdem eine Verspanneinrichtung 8, auch Außenkelly genannt, die zwei Gruppen von je vier gegen die Wandung des aufgefahrenen Tunnels andrückbaren Spannschiiden 9 aufweist. Ebenso wie die Verspanneinrichtung können auch hier nicht näher erläuterte andere Teile der Tunnelbohrmaschine in üblicher Weise ausgebildet sein. Ein mit . der Maschine durch Zugstangen 10 od. dgl. gekuppelter Nachläufer 11 weist einen Steuerstand 12 und an diesen anschließend die in Fig. 2 wiedergegebenen Teile und Aggregate zur Speisung der Antriebsmotoren 5 auf, wie nachstehend erläutert wird.The tunnel boring machine 1 also contains a bracing device 8, also called an outer cell, which has two groups of four clamping slides 9 which can be pressed against the wall of the opened tunnel. Like the bracing device, other parts of the tunnel boring machine, which are not explained in more detail here, can also be designed in the usual way. A with. of the machine by tie rods 10 or the like. Coupled trailer 11 has a control station 12 and to this subsequently the parts and units shown in FIG. 2 for feeding the drive motors 5, as will be explained below.

Wegen der meist großen Länge der aufzufahrenden Tunnel oder Strecken ist eine Hochspannungsversorgung oder Mittelspannungsversorgung zweckmäßig, z. B. mit 6 kV, 50 Hz. Diese Energie kann von einer nicht dargestellten Station über ein auf einer Trommel aufwickelbares Kabel einem Versorgungstransformator zugeführt werden, der zweckmäßig als Drehstrom-Trockentrafo ausgebildet und z. B. für eine Typenieistuhg von 500 kVA ausgelegt ist, wobei die Niederspannung, die über ein Versorgungskabel 13 einem gekapselten, z. B. in Schutzart IP 54 oder IP 65 ausgeführten Drehstrom-Schaltschrank 14 zugeführt wird, z. B. 500 V oder 380 V betragen kann. Im Eingang des Schaltschrankes 14 ist ein Leistungsschalter 15 für den gesamten nachfolgenden Teil der Anlage vorgesehen.Because of the mostly long length of the tunnels or routes to be opened, a high-voltage supply or medium-voltage supply is useful, for. B. with 6 kV, 50 Hz. This energy can be supplied from a station, not shown, via a cable that can be wound on a drum to a supply transformer, which is expediently designed as a three-phase dry transformer and z. B. is designed for a type of 500 kVA, the low voltage, which is encapsulated via a supply cable 13, for. B. in protection class IP 54 or IP 65 three-phase control cabinet 14 is supplied, for. B. 500 V or 380 V. A circuit breaker 15 is provided in the entrance of the control cabinet 14 for the entire subsequent part of the system.

Von einem Ausgang des Drehstrom-Schaltschrankes 14 führt ein Kabel 16 zu einem Schaltschrank 17, der in Form und Schutzart ebenfalls den Raum- und Umweltbedingungen des Tunnelbaues angepaßt ist, namentlich spritzwassergeschützt und staubdicht ausgeführt ist (z. B. IP 65), und der einen Umrichter sowie elektronische Regelgeräte zur Versorgung und Regelung der Antriebsmotoren 5 enthält. Zum Abführen der Wärme ist der Schaltschrank 17 mit einem Wärmetauscher in Form eines Wasser/Luft-Kühters 18 ausgestattet. Das Wasser wird ständig gekühlt oder als kaltes Frischwasser der Umgebung entnommen und kühlt seinerseits beim Druchfluß durch ein Rohrschlangensystem 19 die Luft, die im Inneren des Schaltschrankes 17 durch einen Ventilator od. dgl. umgewälzt wird. Eine für den Umrichtebetrieb vorgesehene Zwischenkreisdrossel 20 ist als gesonderte Einheit vor dem Schaltschrank 17 aufgestellt und mit diesem durch ein Kabel verbunden. Sie ist vorteilhaft als Gießharzdrossel ausgebildet. Ihre Wärme wird durch Konvektion abgeführt.From an output of the three-phase control cabinet 14, a cable 16 leads to a control cabinet 17, which is also adapted in shape and degree of protection to the room and environmental conditions of tunnel construction, in particular is splash-proof and dustproof (e.g. IP 65), and the contains a converter and electronic control devices for supplying and controlling the drive motors 5. To remove the heat, the control cabinet 17 is equipped with a heat exchanger in the form of a water / air cooler 18. The water is constantly cooled or taken from the environment as cold fresh water and in turn cools the air as it flows through a coil system 19, which air is circulated inside the control cabinet 17 by a fan or the like. An intermediate circuit choke 20 provided for the conversion operation is set up as a separate unit in front of the control cabinet 17 and connected to it by a cable. It is advantageously designed as a cast resin throttle. Their heat is dissipated by convection.

Die Wirkungsweise des Umrichters zur stufenlosen Drehzahl-Verstellung der Drehstrommotoren beruht auf dem Prinzip der Umformung einer Gleichspannung in eine Wechselspannung von gewünschter Frequenz und Höhe. Die Gleichspannung wird ihrerseits im Umrichter des Schrankes 17 aus der vom Schaltschrank 14 zugeführten Wechselspannung erzeugt. Der Umrichter arbeitet dabei als Zwischenkreisumrichter mit eingeprägtem Strom.The mode of operation of the converter for infinitely variable speed adjustment of the three-phase motors is based on the principle of converting a direct voltage into an alternating voltage of the desired frequency and height. The DC voltage is in turn generated in the converter of the cabinet 17 from the AC voltage supplied by the control cabinet 14. The converter works as a DC link converter with impressed current.

Im Schaltschrank 17 ist ein Schaltfeld 21 vorgesehen, von dem aus Kabel 22 zu den Antriebsmotoren 5 führen, die nach dem Prinzip der Sammelschienenspeisung versorgt werden. In das Schaltfeld 21 ist außerdem noch ein Kabel 23 eingeführt, das unmittelbar von einem zweiten Ausgang des Drehstrom-Schaltschrankes 14 herangeführt ist. Die im Schaltfeld 21 vorgesehenen Geräte sind so ausgebildet, daß die Antriebsmotoren 5 durch einen Umschaltvorgang wahlweise entweder vom Umrichter im Schaltschrank 17 oder unmittelbar vom Drehstromnetz aus dem Schaltschrank 14 gespeist werden können.A switch panel 21 is provided in the control cabinet 17, from which cables 22 lead to the drive motors 5, which are supplied according to the principle of the busbar supply. In addition, a cable 23 is also inserted into the control panel 21, which is led directly from a second output of the three-phase control cabinet 14. The devices provided in the control panel 21 are designed so that the drive motors 5 can be fed either by the converter in the control cabinet 17 or directly from the three-phase network from the control cabinet 14 by a switching process.

Sind die im Schaltfeld 21 vorgesehenen Umschalter auf « Umrichterbetrieb » geschaltet, können die vier Antriebsmotoren 5 mit Befehl « start gemeinsam bis auf eine an einem nicht gezeigten Sollwertsteller eingestellte Drehzahl stoßfrei hochgefahren werden. An diesem Sollwertsteller ist die Antriebsdrehzahl stufenlos von z. B. 1500 U/min bis 150 U/min einstellbar. Das maximale Drehmoment des Bohrkopfes 3 wird durch eine Strombegrenzung im Umrichter limitiert. Bei Erreichen dieses Drehmoments kann durch ein nicht wiedergegebenes Gerät ein akustisches und/oder optisches Signal gegeben werden. Nach Überschreitung dieses Drehmoments läßt sich selbsttätig ein Stillsetzen des Antriebs auslösen. Nach Rücknahme des Vorschubes der Maschine und Quittieren des Signals kann der Bohrkopf erneut angefahren werden:If the changeover switches provided in the control panel 21 are switched to "converter operation", the four drive motors 5 can be run up smoothly together with the command "start" to a speed set on a setpoint adjuster (not shown). At this setpoint, the drive speed is continuously from z. B. 1500 rpm to 150 rpm adjustable. The maximum torque of the drill head 3 is limited by a current limitation in the converter. When this torque is reached, an acoustic and / or optical signal can be given by a device that is not reproduced. After this torque has been exceeded, the drive can be stopped automatically. After canceling the feed of the machine and acknowledging the signal, the drill head can be started again:

Weil alle Antriebsmotoren 5 mit ihrem Ritzel über einen Zahnkranz im Getriebe 6 mechanisch miteinander verbunden sind, werden die vier Motoren 5 von dem einen vorgesehenen Umrichter mit der erforderlichen Summenleistung im Parallelbetrieb versorgt.Because all the drive motors 5 are mechanically connected to one another by their pinions via a ring gear in the transmission 6, the four motors 5 are supplied with the required total power in parallel operation by the one converter provided.

Die zweite mögliche Betriebsweise der Einrichtung ergibt sich, wenn die im Schaltfeld 21 vorgesehenen Umschalter auf « Netzbetrieb 'geschaltet werden. Dann erfolgt die Versorgung der Motoren 5 unmittelbar vom Drehstromteil im Schaltschrank 14 aus, in dem sich auch die erforderlichen Schütze für diesen Netzbetrieb befinden. Es können dann die Antriebsmotoren 5 nacheinander eingeschaltet werden. Handelt es sich bei der vorteilhaften Ausführung um polumschaltbare Motoren, kann die gewünschte Drehzahl an einem Wahlschalter 24 am Schaltschrank 14 vorgewählt werden. Das Betriebsdrehmoment wird an einem Instrument angezeigt.The second possible mode of operation of the device results when the changeover switches provided in the control panel 21 are switched to "mains operation". The motors 5 are then supplied directly from the three-phase part in the control cabinet 14, in which the contactors required for this network operation are also located. The drive motors 5 can then be switched on one after the other. If the advantageous design involves pole-changing motors, the desired speed can be preselected on a selector switch 24 on the control cabinet 14. The operating torque is displayed on an instrument.

Diese Umschaltmöglichkeit kann grundsätzlich von Nutzen sein und ist dann besonders vorteilhaft, wenn im Umrichterteil 17 eine Störung auftritt. Der Bedienungsmann der Maschine ist dann sofort in der Lage, durch Betätigen der Umschalter im Schaltfeld 21 die Versorgung der Antriebsmotoren 5 auf Netzbetrieb umzustellen. Dazu sind keinerlei elektrische Eingriffe erforderlich. Die Maschine ist sogleich wieder betriebsbereit.This switchover option can in principle be useful and is particularly advantageous if a fault occurs in the converter part 17. The operator of the machine is then immediately able to switch the supply of the drive motors 5 to mains operation by actuating the changeover switch in the control panel 21. No electrical intervention is required. The machine is immediately ready for use again.

Claims (3)

1. An electric drive device for the drill head or a similar part, describing a rotating working movement, of a heading machine for tunnels, galleries or the like, namely a tunnel drilling machine, the rotational speed of the electrical drill head drive (a motor or, in particular, a plurality of electric motors mechanically coupled to the parallel operation) being continuously adjustable, characterized by the following features :
the drill head drive comprises at least one three-phase asynchronous motor (5),
in order to supply the motor (5) a converter is provided which is associated with the heading machine (1) and has a regulating device and by means of which the drill head drive is to be supplied with current of a variable frequency,
the converter is constructed with a highly protective system in accordance with the conditions of use,
an intermediate circuit choke (20) provided for the converting operation is spatially separated per se from a switch cabinet (17) containing the converter,
a heat exchanger (18) constructed as a water/air cooler is provided for drawing heat away from at least part of the device,
a change-over device (21) is provided, by means of which the drill head drive (5) can be changed over from converter operation to direct mains supply and vice versa.
2. A drive device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the drill head drive (5) is provided with a direct-acting water cooling system (25).
3. A drive device according to one of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the motor or motors (5) of the drill head drive is or are a change-pole three-phase short circuit rotor motor or motors.
EP82103085A 1981-04-15 1982-04-10 Driving mechanism for rotatably operating boring machines Expired EP0063345B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82103085T ATE20118T1 (en) 1981-04-15 1982-04-10 ROTARY DRIVE FOR HEADING MACHINES.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3115175A DE3115175C2 (en) 1981-04-15 1981-04-15 Rotary drive for tunneling machines
DE3115175 1981-04-15

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0063345A2 EP0063345A2 (en) 1982-10-27
EP0063345A3 EP0063345A3 (en) 1984-03-28
EP0063345B1 true EP0063345B1 (en) 1986-05-28

Family

ID=6130179

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82103085A Expired EP0063345B1 (en) 1981-04-15 1982-04-10 Driving mechanism for rotatably operating boring machines

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0063345B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS57178098A (en)
AT (1) ATE20118T1 (en)
AU (1) AU543810B2 (en)
DE (2) DE3115175C2 (en)
ZA (1) ZA822527B (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10058322A1 (en) * 2000-11-24 2002-06-06 Wirth Co Kg Masch Bohr Electrical drive system used for the driving a drill head of a tunnel drilling machine comprises asynchronous motors operated by an alternating current, a voltage changer, and devices for changing the number of poles of the motors
WO2007040534A1 (en) 2005-10-03 2007-04-12 Oilfield-Electric-Marine, Inc. Top drive drilling system and other applications using a low speed direct drive ac motor
CN109577976B (en) * 2019-01-24 2023-05-19 滕州市金达煤炭有限责任公司 Novel coal mine excavating equipment
CN113090270A (en) * 2021-03-31 2021-07-09 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 Self-radiating water tank and water-cooling radiating system of open caisson heading machine
CN113323672A (en) * 2021-06-30 2021-08-31 中铁十局集团有限公司 Large-scale mechanized drilling, blasting, excavating and quick construction method for hard rock large-span tunnel

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1233356B (en) * 1965-08-02 1967-02-02 Eickhoff Maschinenfabrik Geb Electrically driven cutting machine
DE1534650A1 (en) * 1966-03-31 1969-02-20 Habegger Maschf Method and device for controlling the milling drum rotation and the longitudinal feed for machines for driving underground routes
DE2347862C3 (en) * 1973-09-22 1979-10-18 Gebr. Eickhoff, Maschinenfabrik U. Eisengiesserei Mbh, 4630 Bochum Cooling device for mining machines in underground mining
DE2426815C3 (en) * 1974-06-04 1979-05-17 Gebr. Eickhoff, Maschinenfabrik U. Eisengiesserei Mbh, 4630 Bochum Method and device for regulating the continuously adjustable cutting and feed speed of roller cutting machines in underground mining
AT344645B (en) * 1976-05-25 1978-08-10 Voest Ag BREWING MACHINE
DE2746072A1 (en) * 1977-10-13 1979-04-26 Gewerk Eisenhuette Westfalia Rotary tunnelling tool drive - comprises DC motor with one constant ratio reduction gear and speed adjustable by rectifier

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU8257882A (en) 1982-10-21
AU543810B2 (en) 1985-05-02
DE3115175A1 (en) 1982-10-28
DE3115175C2 (en) 1983-01-05
DE3271330D1 (en) 1986-07-03
JPS57178098A (en) 1982-11-02
ATE20118T1 (en) 1986-06-15
EP0063345A3 (en) 1984-03-28
ZA822527B (en) 1983-02-23
EP0063345A2 (en) 1982-10-27

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